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CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS

The person charging this material is re¬
sponsible for its renewal or its return to
the library from which it was borrowed
on or before the Latest Date stamped
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TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

JUN 2 6 1997

When renewing by phone, write new due date below
previous due date. L162

THE DI66EMINA'
0F ALL MATTERS
* PERTAiHirtG a
TP THE

L/W •

ill

Air Under Pressure as Compared with Natural Draft; How it Applies.

The Schurs Crude and Fuel Oil Burners .

Texas Brick Manufacturers will Convene at Houston .

A Huge Filtered Water Reservoir for Doudon .

The Hudson River Brick Traffic .

Characteristics of a Foreman .

A New Brick Machine Concern .

Birmingham Brick Industry is Kept Busy .

First Brick Made in America. . . .... .

Ceramics Men Make Successful Tests. . .

All Clay Workers to be Organized.. . . . . ...

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer .

Pacific Coast News Items. . . .

Will Enlarge Their Plant Soon.

Buildiug at Highest Rate .

Austrian Chinaware Trust Dissolved.

Obituary . .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Will Test Oklahoma Clays .

Many Industrial Plants Increase Activities Owing to Rush of Orders

Accidents, Damages and Dosses ... . .

The Cost of Brick I.aying by a Municipality.

CT5.000 Sewer Pipe Plant for Dresden .

The Four Hastings Brick Yards Busy .

Potters are Conservative in Considering Resolutions .

New York Brick Demand Better. . .

Arkansas Brick Manufacturers Meet.

Denver Fire Clay Co. has been Reorganized.

Will Develop I.and near Bessemer. . .

Differences Aired in Organization of Conservation Commission .

Five-Year Brick Rates Dowered .

Gimbels New York Store starts up a Big New Jersey Plant.

Victims of Fever at Washburn's being well Cared For.,

Potters Pay Expenses for Camp Meeting .

Sand or Dime Brick or Block News
Pottery News Items
Miscellaneous Items

•vr

- • i ^ r! ’Tuir/Y?!. . Jtag

Ikes*

imperative demands from all sections of the country for a cutting table
to accurately cut stiff mud face brick has brought out the Champion, the next
upward step in the evolution of Rotary Cutters. It is semi-automatic and all
of the desired qualities are there, we find nothing to improve about it. It
has won its way by sheer merit. It has the good will of every face brick
maker who uses it, and many more who have but seen it. It is chock full of
perfection. We haven’t room to tell you all about it here, but write now.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,-

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHV RECORD.

Improved Reliance Friction Drum Hoist

STEAM OR BELT DRIVEN

Specially Adapted to
Service in Clay Plants

RELIANCE MACHINE and
TOOL WORKS, % i* Mg.

RELIANCE

BRICK
PRESS

The Only

Machine Making
Brick Without
Granulated Centers

No Toggles
Powerful
Simple

We Design and Equip
D ry Press Brick
Plants Complete

THE BOYD BRICK PRE55

Built in Two, Four and Six-Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick a chines combined.

T t> e Press has great strength and endurance, great pressure and long dwell.
J »oyd 1 resses built 20 years ago are still in use and doing good work. Brick Presses
that last are the cheapest in the end.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL.

CHISHOLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

„ . . . . . . VX

fau^aw-^vv . .

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

-■T. . »»»■■■■..' -Ul !■.■ ■«

*yj& wmM

x-U

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

CLMV RECORD*

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The 1905 Berg Press

Many other steps further forward in im¬
provement and highest grade of material
and workmanship, also cut gearing. Fully
guaranteed as to its success. Manufactured
by its inventor in Toronto, Canada, exclu¬
sively. Plans and specifications on the
different kinds of plants furnished, also all
equipments.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The BERQ for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERQ MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evei^y* * I
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERQ is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less c e -
cheaper brick.

The BERQ makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERQ
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

ment, makes

BERG BRICK PRESS

The Ternholtz Brick Pres*

Weighs SIXTEEN Tons, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure on Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than any other Dry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Hoad, s ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST, LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Hachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill.

UNION BRICK MACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation.

We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

}

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

res

rp PJ TZT! p Q rp rp g

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. Si A. POTTS Si CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

H ARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTABLY
SECURED

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

j Built to D o the Work

M anufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

U/ye

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

CLAY

CRUSHERS

Brewer Crushers are built in a great variety of kinds and sizes. There
are Conical Roll . Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers,
Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in
two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white-iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white-iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in. face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

The Specifications Tell the Story

if Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications ^ Marked

<®> II. Brewer & Co. <®>

It ’» Good TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It’sO-.od

CLKY RECORD.

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witH Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “ Blue
Sky.”

Vol. XXXV. No. i.

CHICAGO, JULY 15, 1909

S«ml-Mo»thly, #1. #0 p»r T*«r
Slnsrl* copies, - !• Cents

AIR UNDER PRESSURE AS COMPARED WITH
NATURAL DRAFT: HOW IT APPLIES
TO BRICK KILNS.*

By John C. Boss, Elkhart, Ind.

Among the various opportunities which have come to
the writer to prepare papers to be read at conventions and
for publication, this is one of the first invitations I have
ever made bold to accept. I feel there are good reasons
for my not having accepted such invitations in the past,
being only a common, country brick-maker and reared as
such, and never being able to enjoy the opportunities of a
technical training along some of the established lines.

These facts being true, and coupled with the further fact
that usually at such gatherings the foremost talent of the
land is present to present for your consideration the more
advanced thoughts pertaining to the art in which you are
engaged (and to a striking degree is this talent present here
on this occasion), well might one shrink from the responsi¬
bility of daring to present a paper along a given definite
line when in fact, it should be the reverse in that I should
be here to receive rather than give instructions. In expla¬
nation would state that the reason I am here today is to give
you a comparative word description of the art of using air
under pressure in the burning of brick as compared with
that of the old conventional way of natural draft, or free air.

I have noticed with a great deal of interest the discus¬
sions and exchange of ideas that have taken place between
the brick-makers of your state, as to what means could be
employed to overcome the manifest difficulty of securing a
substitute for wood.

It is plain that where brick-makers have always had ac¬
cess to wood for at least water-smoking their brick, then
this very convenient fuel is abruptly cut off, brick-makers
are rather at a loss to know, at the moment, how to over¬
come the difficulty; and I have observed the use of coke
has been urged upon you for the reason that it could be
employed in the same capacity as wood (that is, it will
produce a nice, clean fire the same as wood).

I am convinced that when I explain to you how air under
pressure can be employed and by means of which it will
be possible to utilize the poorest, cheapest grades of coal
slack, or screenings, and produce 31 water-smoking fire that
will challenge wood as to its clean, hasty, water-smoking
effect, it will at once be plain to you that unless I had had
sufficient previous experience to know whereof I speak, I
certainly would not have the boldness to come in your midst
to present this idea as I do.

* Read at the last meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association.

Singular as it may appear to the average brick-maker
who has not been brought in direct contact with this propo¬
sition, a coal slack fire with air under pressure, properly
applied, will not only water-smoke your brick kiln equally
as good as a wood fire, but it will accomplish this result
successfully in less time. By the peculiar application which
is made the soot and smoke, which would otherwise be prev¬
alent in a green brick kiln with an ordinary coal fire with
natural draft, is entirely consumed by the use of air under
pressure and again, singlar as it may seem, a brick kiln that
will not show any appreciable draft with a wood fire for at
least from twelve to twenty-four hours the old way, will
at once assume an air of activity when a coal slack fire with
air under pressure is employed.

You will bear me out in the statement that the old way
of burning a brick kiln usually during the early period does
not produce any sort of active water-smoking conditions and
a brick kiln that is being water-smoked is not so much in
need of fire as it is in need of dry, superheated air. The
principle the writer desires to bring to your notice at this
time is that, owing to the general nature of a green kiln,
the old style fire will not become active and produce an
effective result unless it becomes unmanageable and beyond
control, which, in fact, finally gives off too much heat or
else not enough.

By using air under pressure the minutest or smallest
fire can be maintained, but, small or large, the fire is con¬
stantly of a penetrating kind and character. The fire is such
that it will consume all of the gases and no carbon or gases
are thus permitted to enter into the brick kiln in an un¬
burned or unconsumed state. To meet this condition we
arrange a small opening underneath the fire door which,
during the water-smoking period, admits free air. Each
fire-box is similarly equipped. The fire-doors on the brick
kiln are kept constantly closed, from the time the fire is
started until the kiln is burned. During the water-smoking
period this small hole underneath the fire door is allowed
to remain open and immediately back of the hole on the in¬
side we maintain a sharp fire sufficient in size to meet the
water-smoking conditions of the clay. This fire is not al¬
lowed to go into the kiln untempered, nor is any air ad¬
mitted into the kiln untempered.

The air entering through this small opening enters with
a rush over the surface of the sharp fire and a constant
even temperature of superheated air is flowing into the
brick kiln with the attendant result that a stimulated action
is at once produced and maintained until the kiln is thor¬
oughly water-smoked.

165118

CLKV

From the foregoing description you will readily see that
if there is any difference between the various fuels for
water-smoking, that the coal slack fire, with air under
pressure, has a decided advantage over other fuels, with
free air.

When the brick-kiln is thoroughly water-smoked, we close
this small opening under the door, as the brick-kiln from
now on is not so much in need of superheated air as it
is in need of fire, and air entering over the top of the fire
would tend to kill or reduce its effect or action, so that
from now on the kiln is supplied with a gradual flow of
blaze and heat in accordance with its needs.

At this stage we now enter upon the period of raising
the heat in the kiln which, with the old way of burning, is
usually a very difficult one. The fire does not at once be¬
come active and sharp as when we use air under pressure,
and having to bring free air into the kiln from the outside,
the side of the kiln from which the wind blows tends in a
most serious manner to disturb the heat conditions within
the kiln and this heat disturbance constantly taking place, it
is manifestly impossible to burn as good a kiln as though
the heat were allowed to travel unmolested and undisturbed
through the kiln to its completion.

For a long term of years I have been laboring hard to
educate myself as well as the brick-making public on the
principle of why it is possible to produce a brick-burning
heat in a brick kiln. A large majority of our most accom¬
plished and able brick-makers who have battled with this
question for a long term of years ; men who, for the most
part, are able to produce a high percentage of well-burned
brick kilns, constantly go through a certain fixed process of
consuming fuel and burning brick and yet utterly lack the
proper knowledge of why good results are accomplished,
on the other hand, when failures are had, the reason for such
failures.

If you will bear with me for a moment, I would like in
the most brief manner possible to present to you gentlemen
at least the ground foundation plan or fundamental reason
why brick will burn, how the heat is produced, and how it
transpires that failures are had. The principle involves
two different ideas; one is the reason why heat travels
through the kiln and is absorbed by the brick, which is
quite generally known and understood by the brick-makers
as capillary attraction. This is a God-given element placed
in the clay by direct intent so that when the first brick
next the fire becomes filled with heat, it through this in¬
herent element conveys the heat to the next brick to it. So
much for the reason why heat will travel in brick-kilns.

Now as to the heat wave and the important part it plays
in the production of heat and the burning of the brick. It
is plain that from some source heat is derived which pro¬
duces a chemical change in the brick and it is likewise true,
and most of you in my hearing today have had the experience
that certain kilns would finally require from one-third to
one-half more fuel than some previous kilns, and it is this
heat wave which, when forced to travel in an even uniform
tenure through the kiln, as it travels from one brick to
the next, in burning out a certain inherent element in the
clay, adds to and aids in producing an additional brick
burning heat.

The fraternity at large does not consider in sufficient
measure the all-important feature here referred to. We
sometimes term this heat, or classify it, as a wave of heat,
and at least calculation from 50 per cent to 60 per cent of
the heat in your brick-kiln is produced through the instru¬
mentality of this heat wave. In other words, if the heat
wave is dissipated, it is never again possible to permanently
and effectively re-establish it without enormous fuel loss

and to the permanent detriment of an otherwise first class,
well burned kiln of brick.

This brings us to the all-absorbing principle of how and
why it is possible to control this virgin wave of heat which
never starts to establish itself until the brick is past the red
heat stage, and this heat wave forms the fundamental
principle or process of brick burning. It contains a sup¬
posed mysterious, potential power with which every brick-
maker should be thoroughly conversant. Now please under¬
stand me correctly. What I mean to convey is, that brick
burners who will conceive the proper idea and thoroughly
analyze this heat wave condition will, in the most successful
manner be able to produce a larger percentage of first class
kilns of brick than otherwise successful brick burners who
do not understand this heat wave principle.

We will assume that the brick-kiln has come to the stage
or period when the heat wave is fully established, fed and
nursed by an artificial fire. This heat wave is, for the most
part, not to exceed 3' thick and embodys and embraces not
only the fundamental brick burning principle, but within
its zone is where all the actual brick burning changes .
take place.

If this argument be true and the principle correct, it
should not be necessary for me to point out the essential
features or the absolute importance of maintaining this
heat wave. In order that you may understand more fully,
it is well that you have the correct idea to the effect that
the heat wave travels not only in the form of a wave, as
described, but it travels under very heavy pressure, in fact,
an appreciable, measurable pressure, and at the slightest
provocation the tendency is to dissipate itself. If for any
reason it is allowed to become dissipated, or broken, it cre¬
ates within the kiln what is termed, or what we are some¬
times pleased to call, “wild-fire.” It acts flighty, has no
known positive course of travel, no positive execution or
work to perform.

Now as to the method of maintaining this heat wave:
The active principle involved is a very simple one. First,
it is absolutely necessary that a given and known quantity
of oxygen and air should enter into each and every firebox
without interruption. With the Boss System the kiln is
kept air tight from the outside, the fire doors never opened
except for firing purposes and the wind may blow a heavy
gale from start to finish and have absolutely no effect what¬
ever on the heat conditions in the kiln, for the reason that
the air is supplied to your kilns from underneath and under
pressure, and the flow of air or oxygen is constant, the fire
never becomes clogged or choked, and as a result the heat
wave is allowed to travel uninterruptedly through the kiln
which results in a first class good uniform burn.

In most instances, in the absence of a well burned kiln,
the trouble is ascribed to the lack of proper fuel when, in
fact, the fuel conditions have no bearing on the situation
whatever, and the sooner brick-makers come to understand
this heat wave principle, and its far reaching effect, the
better it will be for them for the loss of this heat wave
forms the foundation of most of the difficulties in burning
which confront brick-makers today.

In trying to describe to you the great importance that
attaches to this heat wave, I am impressed with another
thought. It may appear to you as unworthy of mention,
but in order to make the individual brick burners here
present understand the importance of the heat wave and
brick kiln action, I have often termed the brick burner’s
lack of understanding that of his inability to understand
“brick kiln language.” I firmly contend that brick kilns
possess the ability to speak and talk to the brick burner as
intelligently as any of the gentlemen in my hearing today
are able to converse with one another, and it is too often
the case that brick burners are too much given to firing

CLHY RECORD.

their kilns by the watch, or at stated intervals, whether the
kiln is ready for the fire or not, and the needs of the brick
kiln are entirely ignored. Brick kilns often beg for certain
changes in the conducting of the burning process, and in
too many instances we take a diametrical course to that
which the brick kiln actually requires. No brick burner is
capable of laying claim to being a successful brick burner
unless this “brick kiln language” is given the most careful
thought and he proves his ability to master it.

In many instances where the heat wave is dissipated or
allowed to become lost, another detrimental result follows :
The heat will then run in pockets, become unbalanced, and
produces in an up-draft kiln what is commonly known as
“cold spots.” “Cold spots” have been attributed to a great
many different sources and considered to be of a freakish
character ; and while a great many of our brick-makers have
been able in a measure, to overcome this difficulty and
trouble, yet the real principle of wrhy the “cold spots come
is never properly understood, all of which can be directly
attributed to the loss of this heat wave.

There are two different sources from which cold spots
may be had in brick kilns. One is, a choking of the kiln
from soot. This first effect is entirely eliminated by the
use of the Boss System of burning.

The second is a cold spot effect that is produced bv the
loss of the heat wave. The heat wave, in this case, having
become dissipated the heat run up in “pockets,” and the
part of the kiln on top to which the heat did not go is the
part that usually gets cold.

Another feature of trouble that comes from the loss of
this heat wave is cracks in a brick kiln, which forms what
is commonly known as the careening of kilns. The clay
journals at various intervals have published long articles on
why brick kilns careen. The reason, however, has not yet
been attributed to the proper source, and the careening of
brick kilns is entirely attributable to the loss of this heat
wave, for the following reason :

If the heat wave is dissipated it will seek for avenues of
escape, and if this situation is allowed to become serious it
will never again be possible to re-form the heat wave on an
evenly balanced basis.

In some instances, especially when the wind is blowing
hard from any given direction, and for a long period of time
strikes the kiln on one side, the wind blowing into the open
ash pits, as is the case with the old style firing, it will have
a tendency to disturb and destroy the heat wave, causing it
to rise faster on the opposite side from which the wind is
blowing and settle the kiln in a shorter space of time than
on the windward side.

Under such circumstances the heat will either go too rap¬
idly to the middle or, to the contrary, it will all go to the
heads. In the first instance, if it goes to the middle, the
kiln will settle at that point, forming large cracks a distance
away from and along the high places. If the heat wave
perchance goes to the heads and avoids the middle, the
kiln will settle along the heads, leaving a high place in the
center and along this dividing line will form heavy cracks,
and in such instances the careening of the kiln will be very
serious.

On the other hand, if a kiln is kept air tight from the
outside, which results in the heat wave not being disturbed
and allowed to travel evenly throughout the entire kiln, it
will not careen ndr will it form cracks. With the Boss
System it is absolutely impossible to encounter these diffi¬
culties, as by the old method of burning in up-draft kilns. .

In dealing with cracked or checked brick, we will again
go back to the water-smoking period : our desire is to show
you that a water-smoking fire, with air under pressure, is
a very decided advantage enabling you to water-smoke
the brick readily without injury from cracks and checks.

This damage to brick, with the same fire application, varies
as to the nature of the clay, whether it is of a rich and
silky character, or otherwise. We occasionally find some
clay and shale that is coarse grained which, with the most
flagrant abuse, the brick will still remain intact and firm
and show no damage.

When fire is started in a brick kiln the brick will imme¬
diately begin to go through a sweating process which brick-
makers term water-smoking. This sweating process im¬
mediately compels the brick to become larger on account
of the moisture that is produced and emitted from the brick.
Take for illustration new mown hay; it is allowed to re¬
main in the field until it is dry and thoroughly cured, at least
apparently so, but when the hay in this dry state or condi¬
tion is placed in the barn, or haymow, a sweating process
immediately begins which is absolutely identical with that
of the sweating process which takes place in the early
periods in the firing of a brick kiln, and it is only after the
sweating process has been completed that the brick are dry
from a standpoint of actual water — moisture.

The process of carrying off this moisture when it is
started immediately begins to increase the size of the out¬
side of the brick, in carrying them through this sweating
process, will become large until thoroughly dried and when
the outside of the brick does become dry it shrinks to its
final last state. The damage lies in hastening the process
too rapidly ; the outside will become dry a'nd baked before
the moisture has all escaped clear to the center, and under
these circumstances you will readily see that when the
brick is increased in size too rapidly by means of the pro¬
duced dampness, if care is not exercised it will tend to break
the texture of the brick, separating the outer formation
from the core.

When the brick are completely dry, the fracture may be
closed so effectually that it will not be visible to the naked
eye, though in many instances it may be visible. In either
case, however, the brick will be batty and not show firm
and strong. This process of cracking the brick or breaking
the texture of it is fourfold, or in other words, the damage
can be done at four different periods.

We will now assume that the water-smoking period was
completed without injury to the brick; when you begin to
raise the heat in the kiln they again begin to swell. In
other words, heat swells brick and enlarges them the same
as moisture. This enlarging process continues until the
brick is thoroughly soaked and filled with heat to the center.
If the heat raising process is applied too quickly, the outer
shell of the brick will become enlarged and will, at the same
time, create a fracture or break between the outer part of
the brick and the core, and when the center of the brick
finally becomes heated, it will open up at almost the same
period when the outer part of the brick would like to shrink
and contract, thus doing irreparable injury to the brick.

As to the last danger point. We now come to where we
are preparing to settle or shrink the brick, causing it to
assume its final shape.

If the settling process is hastened too rapidly there is
great danger of shrinking the outside shell of the brick
and not permitting the settling process to take its regular
course and allow the core to settle at the same time the out¬
side of the brick settles or shrinks. In other words, a brick
that is properly settled should begin the shrinking process
in the center, or core, of the brick, and this is absolutely
impossible unless the settling heat has penetrated to the
center of the brick to equal intensity as that of the outside
and too much haste in either of these fundamental changes
is injurious to the brick.

This again brings us in direct contact with the heat wave,
as follows: If the heat wave is conducted through the kiln
in an orderly manner, its tendency is not to travel faster

CLAY RECORD.

than the ability and power the clay possesses to shape itself
and assume the various chemical changes. The reason for
this is that since these elements are of a God-given character,
we always find that God’s ways are orderly and will not
produce any counter-irritant, unnatural, unfinished effects,
but to the contrary the final completion will not only be
orderly but the results will always be that of a perfect
product.

However, there is one more factor entering into the
question of successful burning with coal, or coal slack, and
that is the proper width of kilns. In the early brick-making*
periods in the United States when timber was so plentiful
and the quality of brick little considered, it was deemed
economy to have wide kilns and, under the circumstances it
was quite possible to burn the wide kilns and secure material
that was usually marketable ; but as time progressed and
wood became scarce and the public educated to the fact that
poorly burned brick were unnecessary, the argument for
narrow kilns became a powerful factor, especially when an
attempt is made to burn brick with an all coal fire, and even
at that to employ the cheapest grades of coal slack, or
screenings.

It may be said to the credit of at least some of the brick-
makers that they are beginning to realize the error of th{
primitive way of doing, and of late we do find some who
will concede to make their kilns narrower, which is an
absolute necessity for good brick burning.

Respecting the effervescence or whitewash on brick walls,
it is plain that many of our best brick men, in many in¬
stances, do not understand the source of this difficult prob¬
lem and how to overcome it. It is had from three different
sources, can be easily avoided, and when not properly un¬
derstood and the brick properly treated in drying and burn¬
ing, it becomes a very serious annoyance.

The first source of trouble or avenue through which this
effervescence can be established on brick, is in the dryer.
If the brick are dried too hastily, or in other words, if the
circulation in a dry kiln is not good and the heat is raised to
too high a degree, it boils the dampness into the brick and
causes this moisture to adhere in a' peculiar manner, so that
even if these brick are put into a kiln and otherwise prop¬
erly burned afterward, they will show the whitewash or
effervescence.

The second source of trouble: If the brick are properly
dried in the dryer but the water-smoking process is
hastened too rapidly in the kiln, by means of which the same
moisture is boiled and cooked into the brick at too high a
temperature, you firmly establish the trouble in the second
instance, and the brick thus ruined, both in drying and burn¬
ing, will be troubled with this difficulty ever after.

The third source of trouble is had as follows : Suppose
you dry the brick properly in the dry kiln and also water-
smoke them properly, but burn the brick just one or two
shades too light. Such brick will be troubled with the
whitewash in a very serious manner only that in the last
instance the whitewash will disappear and again appear at
intervals, whereas the whitewash produced from the first
two sources referred to, the whitewash will be in evidence
almost continuously.

THE SCHURS CRUDE AND FUEL OIL BURNERS

It has long been an acknowledged fact that the burning
of brick or any kind of clay goods with oil is by far the best
process, the only interference with the successful operation
of same has been in the oil burners, but now this is done
away with, for John Schurs, 1007 North Main street, Los
Angeles, Cal., has come forward with a number of burners
that are fitted for the several different kinds of work.

These burners are sold under guarantee, and are designed
especially for burning brick, tile, terra cotta, lime kilns and
for forge use. They have been proved beyond a question
to be the most economical steam and air burner on the
market.

The Schurs Perfected Burner No. 1 is designed for down
draft kilns. It is the only brick burner having a hood which
protects the low fire from strong drafts when water smok-
mg, and draws the flames to the top. The hood saves the
fire bags by making a short and open flame. You can see
by the illustration just how the hood works. By means of
the Universal hanger the flame may be regulated as de¬
sired, and turned upward, downward or to either side.

Shurs Burner No 1 on Down Draft Kiln

The steam chamber and the oil chamber are one casting.
When water smoking the hood is screwed back and allows
1-32 inch steam space between the two tips. This increases
the power pressure at the tip and good results can be ac¬
complished with very little steam. For a heavy fire, open
the tip. One turns and regulates the steam and oil with
valves on pipes.

CLHY RECORD.

For down draft kilns the Schurs burners are installed as
in the illustration, you will notice that they are hung from
above, there is a big advantage in this, because it keeps a
great deal of obstructive matter from reaching the valves
and tips.

The Schurs burner No. 2 is especially designed for com¬
mon up-draft kilns, and has a handle for adjusting tip to
suit low or heavy fire. When water smoking the burner
should point downward, for a heavy fire raise the burner,
open the steam valve wide, screw handle tip back so as to
give the desired amount of steam and regulate the oil with
valve to make a vibrating flame, which forces the flame
gases to the center of the kiln and back to the head. It is
an ideal burner for up-draft kilns. It is always ready, and
there is no repairs to make before firing kiln. It has no
delicate parts to wear out or clog up. The casting is of
solid brass and never gets out of shape.

TEXAS BRICK MANUFACTURERS WILL CON¬
VENE AT HOUSTON.

Saturday, July 17th, the Brick Manufacturers’ Associa¬
tion of Texas will begin their semi-annual session in Hous¬
ton. The meeting will continue for three days and it is ex¬
pected that representatives of the association will be pres¬
ent from all the larger cities of the state.

As a majorty of the delegates will not arrive until Sat¬
urday afternoon no effort will be made to call the associa¬
tion together until Saturday night, when a brief session
will be held in the assembly room of the city hall. This
will be for the purpose of arranging preliminary details
and no business of importance will be considered at this

meeting.

Schurs Burner No. 2 showing side motion.

In the old style pipe burners, leakage at the screws and
around the tips is a great defect. There is no such defect
in the Schurs burners.

The illustration shows a No. 2 burner with pipe connec¬
tions, with side motion to suit arch in kilns, and the other
illustration shows its connections with up-draft kilns,
thrown forward and downward for water smoking.

G. A. Wild, the well known superintendent of the Los
Angeles Brick Co., states he has been using 72 No. 2
burners, and can recommend them to anyone looking for a
good burner.

The burners are easily adjusted, which enables the men in
charge of the kilns to handle a large number of them at a
time.

The Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co., which has three
plants, are now using 500 of the Schurs burners, and say
they are economical, durable and easily controlled and give
entire satisfaction.

The following table shows the per cent of gain with oil
over other fuel :

3L2 to 4 barrels of oil equal to one ton of coal.

2 y2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of white oak wood.

2^4 barrels of oil equal to one cord of red oak wood.

23/2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of black oak wood.

2 barrels of oil equal to one cord of pine or redwood.

42 gallons of oil equals one barrel.

One gallon of oil weighs 7.6191 lbs.

One cubic foot contains 7.476 gallons.

231 cubic inches contains one gallon.

To find contents of cylindrical tank multiply the diameter
•in feet by 3.1416, which will give you the circumference in
feet. One-half the circumference times the radius multi¬
plied by the length of the tank in feet, will give the number
of cubic feet in the tank, and that multiplied by 7.476 will
give the contents in gallons.

Sunday the visitors will be given an excursion to Betti-
son’s pier, near Galveston, and will devote themselves to
the sport of Isaac Walton, as the geusts of the Houston
members of the association.

Monday the real business of the meeting will be trans-
^pEaass acted. A program of interest to brick manufacturers the
whole country over has been arranged and the local mem¬
bers of the association are looking forward with no little
interest to the discussions scheduled for the morning and
afternoon sessions.

The topics to be considered are as follows :

' “Utilization of Waste Heat for Water-Smoking and
Burning” — W. D. Green, Gonzales, Texas; E. C. Hoadley,
Fort Worth.

“'Mud Brick” — M. K. Sacks, Houston; S. N. Johnson,
Laredo.

“Condition of Market in North and South Texas” — Du
Pont Lyon, Sherman ; Sherman S. Brady, Houston.

“Keeping Cost of Production” — J. W. Jones, Beaumont;
W. E. Weatherford, Ferris.

“Lignite as a Fuel for Burning Brick” — R. D. Harry,

Dallas ; W. M. Staniforth, Gainesville.

Schurs Burner No. 2 on up draft kiln ready for water’s working.

“Best Clamp Construction” — Edw. Whitmer, Thurber;
Walter Bermett, Millsap ; J. N. Harris, Waco.

“Lien Laws of Texas as to Protection for Brick Makers”
— O. H. Grass, Waco ; C. R. Sherrill, Corsicana.

“Sand and Lime Brick” — W. O. Fitch, San Antonio.

The officers of the association are W. M. Staniforth,
Gainesville, president; W. E. Weatherford, Ferris, first
vice president ; S. B. Marshall, Mesquite, second vice presi¬
dent ; J. M. Harry, Dallas, secretary and treasurer.

GLAY R£GQRu.

A HUGE FILTERED WATER RESERVOIR FOR

LONDON.

Written and Illustrated by the English Correspondent of
the Scientific American.

The maintenance of an adequate water supply for the
constantly expanding English metropolis is a problem of
supreme importance and one of no little difficulty. The
main sources of supply are the River Thames at a point
well above tidewater, the river Lea, and wells sunk into the
solid chalk. Recently the facilities for supplying water have
been appreciably improved by the erection at Honor Oak,
in the southeastern suburban area, of a huge covered-in
reservoir, the largest of its type in the world, for storing
filtered water, the capacity of which when full is s8, 000,000
gallons.

voir. At the same time the brick plant offered an econom¬
ical solution of the problem of disposing of the greater part
of the excavated material for the foundation of the reser¬
voir, etc., which material aggregated 173,000 cubic yards.

After all the water supply companies of London were
subsequently consolidated into the Metropolitan Water
Board, the undertaking was rapidly completed. The un¬
dertaking was designed and carried out under the super¬
vision of Mr. J. W. Restler, M. Inst. C. E., the deputy en¬
gineer-in-chief of the Metropolitan Water Board, to whose
courtesy we are indebted for the accompanying illustrations
and for much information.

It is the primary purpose of this reservoir to maintain
a low-pressure supply throughout the metropolitan area on
the southeastern side of the Thames. But if occasion

'1 lie arciieS lliat

The necessity of a new reservoir was recognized as far
back as the early nineties. Not until 1898 was work begun
by the local water supply company. In that year a large
brick-making plant was erected on soil eminently suited to
brick making. The result of this development was rendered
obvious during actual constructional work, since/ the brick
material was available on the spot and delays, as'vvell as cost
of transport, were avoided. The saving thus effected may
be readily realized when it is considered that upward of
16,000,000 bricks were utilized in the building of the reser-

support the roof.

should demand, it can be dispatched by means of mains un¬
der the river to the northern territory. The maximum
water level of the reservoir is approximately 144 feet above
ordinance datum. The depth of water throughout the
greater part of the structure is about 21*4 feet, but in a part
of the northeastern section it reaches a depth of 34 feet.

The reservoir is divided at right angles into four sections,
each of which is independent of the others, so that any one
may be emptied when desired for cleaning, without inter¬
fering with the service, suitable appliances being provided

... . i .

CLAY RECORD.

for diverting the water from the supply main into one or
other sections. The building is erected on a natural clay
formation, the flooring being of solid concrete forming in¬
verted arches, crossing one another at right angles. From
the apex of each groining, spring piers of solid brick work
of cruciform section to carry a brick roof, comprising a ser¬
ies of segmental arches running parallel the whole length of
the structure, with segmental jack arches at right angles
carried from pier to pier throughout the series. The re¬
servoir is therefore divided into a series of cells 21 feet 6
inches square from center to center of the brick piers, the
thickness of the brickwork of the latter being 18 inches
with a width across of 4^4 feet. Down the centers of the
inverted arched floor extend drainage channels communi¬
cating in a well near the intersection of the reservoir into
the four sections, while at the actual point of intersection
of the division walls is a circular valve chamber 24 feet in
diameter extending from the bottom to the roof of the
building, and into which lead the mains for supply, inter¬
communication with the four sections, and draw-off, these
pipes being of 42 inches diameter and fitted with 36-inch
valves operated from a valve house above.

Interior, Showing Way of Lividing Rtbtivcir ii to L’ays

In addition to the brickwork for the arched roofing, there
is a 6-inch outer covering of concrete finished with clean
cement, upon which is distributed a thick layer of clay and
6 inches of mold originally cleared from the site, so as to
present a flat, level top surface. At frequent intervals 6-
inch air pipes are distributed over the bays for ventilation
and admission and escape of air during the respective pro¬
cesses of emptying and filling the reservoir.

The two division walls which run at right angles and di¬
vide the reservoir into four sections are cambered back to
back with the intervening space filled with concrete. The
outer walls are of concrete, with brick lining, ample precau¬
tions having been taken to bond the two thoroughly to¬
gether. The thickness of the retaining walls varies from 16
feet to 6 feet at the base, and each bay is provided with a
buttress reaching in most cases to the first pier. In those
places where the pressure is the greatest the buttresses for
the retaining wall are carried back to the fourth bay from

its face. Around the outside of these retaining walls a pud¬
dled clay wall 3 feet .thick is provided, the puddle being
taken well down into the London clay and rendered thor¬
oughly water-tight by careful tamping. This wall is carried
up to, and connected with, the layer of clay extending over
the entire roof of the structure. O11 the northern and parts
of the eastern and western portions, where the top of the
reservoir projects above the natural surface of the ground,
an earthen embankment is provided, which embankment is
composed of alternate layers of earth and burnt ballast of
20 inches and 4 inches thickness respectively, and with a
slope ranging from 2*4 to 3*4 to 1.

The reservoir measures 824 feet in length between the
walls, and has a maximum width of 587 feet. The total
area covered approximates 14^ acres, the actual water
area being a little over 10 acres. The supply is drawn from
the 42-inch main, which brings the filtered water from the
pumping station at Hampton, some 17 miles distant. The
outlet pipe is of the same diameter. The supply can be
augmented from a deep-well pumping station, which has
been erected on the site, and from which a large quantity
of water can be drawn. This well has a diameter of 11 feet
and is sunk for a depth of 300 feet, the lower half of which
is through chalk. Headings have been driven into the latter
in all directions to a total length of 3,400 feet. The water
is raised by two sets of three-crank vertical triple-expansion
engines coupled to deep-well pumps having cylinders of 18
inches bore bv a stroke of 5 feet. The water thus obtained,
in addition to being discharged into the adjacent reservoir,
can be delivered into mains feeding two other reservoirs in
the vicinity. The total cost of the enterprise has been
$1,200,000. - -

THE HUDSON RIVER BRICK TRAFFIC.

William E. Curtis says : “I do not know a more thor¬
oughly useful river than the Hudson. The Saugenay and
the Columbia, with which it is often compared for beauty
of scenery, practically have no commerce. The Danube,
the Nile, the Irrawaddy, the Amazon, the Orinoco, the Rio
de la Plata, the Ohio, the Missouri and the Mississippi are
all much longer and larger, but have nothing like the traf¬
fic. 1 have heard it asserted that the Hudson carries more
tonnage than all the other rivers in the United States com¬
bined. and more, even, than the Thames, the Seine, the
Elbe or the Mersey in comparison to its length.

Probably no other valley in the United States has so
much traffic as that of the Hudson, where two railroads and
a great river are carrying the produce and manufactures of
a continent to our greatest place of export and returning
with the merchandise of New England and other parts of
the north Atlantic coast, as well as the imports from for¬
eign lands.

The navigation season on the Hudson is about the same
as that on the great lakes and will average seven months,
during which time about twenty million tons of freight are
transported, mostly upon barges and canal boats, which go
down and up lashed together like an enormous raft and
towed by one or more powerful tugs.

The largest item in the traffic is building brick, which are
made at many points along the Hudson from the clay of
which its banks are composed. I lie brick kilns are too
many to count ; some of them are two miles long, and
three or four of them produce more than a million brick
a day. Some of them employ several hundred men, and,
altogether, about 22,000 men and boys, mostly of foreign
birth, are engaged in brick making. 1 he total cargoes of
brick floated down the Hudson during the year are about
6,000,000 tons. Thev are transported in barges made es¬
pecially for the business, some of them carrying half a
million bricks.'

CHARACTERISTICS OF A FOREMAN.

There are many who doubt the expediency now of pro¬
motion from the bench to the foreman’s post. It is con¬
tended that the changes in methods of manufacture are so
radical that there is not now the same need for the superior
handi-craftsman — that what is required is a controller, a
master of method and of organization. We can only ac¬
cept this contention with the important proviso that the man
of thought who is to be ideal foreman of the future shall
first have such a practical training at the bench as to have
acquired a sound knowledge of workmanship and a com¬
plete sympathy with workmen. Contact is imperative for
both acquisitions ; without them a man cannot control men
or methods. There is nothing more subversive of disci¬
pline than the ridicule even of one man, and it is quickly
awakened, and justifiably so, by the slightest display of in¬
capacity to do any bit of work. A man cannot be a really
efficient foreman without being a capable workman. He
must, however, be more than that, and the elements of de¬
velopment are in this direction ; so also are the divergencies
from unanimity of opinion.

GOOD TECHNICAL AND GENERAL EDUCATION.

The workman who aims at being a foreman must secure
as great a degree of technical and general education as is
possible to him. If the attendance at evening classes in¬
volves hardship and self-sacrifice, the result is advantageous
in the formation of character.

It is important that he should know, for instance, about
the qualities of metals used, the principles of mechanics and
physics, and the whys and wherefores of the details of the
designs to be embodied in metallic form, as well as the ele¬
ments of machine-tool design and power distribution. There
are other important studies, but these examples suffice.

Even in the case of a ship-fitter, smith or forgeman,
where manual labor obtains still to a 'large extent, there is
need for technical training. And in all cases there is pos¬
sible great gain by the pursuit of knowledge which, al¬
though not immediately useful, tends to general culture.
This point need not be elaborated here; the development of
a disciplined mind will be regarded as of great importance.

EXPERIENCE IN DRAWING OFFICE NEEDED.

Drawing'-office experience is equally necessary ; but the
cases are very rare where a foreman who has been trained
exclusively as a draughtsman has been successful; there is
always the lack of intimate knowledge of workmanship.
Indeed, it is possible that a prolonged period in the draw¬
ing-office may partly unfit for foremanship a man with ear¬
lier workshop training.

The atmosphere' of the drawing-office, and the psycholog¬
ical conditions prevailing, are very different from those ob¬
taining in the shops. In the one case the problems are as¬
sociated with strains requiring calculation, and there is
more or less of mechanical method ; in the other the diffi¬
culties are connected with personal idiosyncracies, where
conditions do not repeat themselves and cannot be standard¬
ized. In the one instance it is mathematics, in the other
humanity.

A foreman should be able to easily read a drawing and to
readily discern an inaccuracy. This latter raises a point
which has involved heartburnings between the drawing-
office and the shops. The duty of the workman, the ma¬
chine-man, is to obey; to follow his drawing implicitly.
Any other rule would mean confusion. But this scarcely
holds with the foreman, who from his practical experience
in the shops and drawing-office, ought to be able to suggest
modifications which are acceptable, because they simplify
machining or fitting, or for other reason. The foreman
who neglects to make, and the draughtsman who refuses to
accept, such suggestions, fail in their duty.

EXPERIENCE IN COST DEPARTMENT.

There are some firms who only promote men to foreman-
ship if they have been in the premium, bonus, or costs depart¬
ment. This course is satisfactory; but again we must inter¬
ject the reservation as to the duration of service in a de¬
partment which is only an adjunct to the factory. The
premium-bonus system has proved very satisfactory ; but
there is a tendency to make too much of it.

The card system is another case. We have heard of a
works where there is a staff appointment of a “card in¬
ventor.” Inventors, to which class belong premium fixers
and card and index makers, are like mothers whose gos¬
lings are all swans. Where they have uncontrolled sway
there is trouble. What is wanted is a reasonably good sys¬
tem of premium standards and cards, which should be al¬
tered reluctantly, and only on unquestionable grounds.
They should be operated conscientiously.

A foreman ought to know the system well to be able to
restrain and regulate the rate-fixer. Men who become im¬
bued with the spirit of the card system sometimes have their
imagination limited by the four edges of the card. That is
well for one who is to remain a member of the premium-
bonus staff, but it is otherwise with a foreman.

COMPOSITE EXPERIENCE NEEDED.

The training of the successful foreman should thus be
composite. He should have a liberal education, although
this, fortunately, may be supplied in later years by reading
and other means of culture. He should have a sound train¬
ing at his trade in the shops; this is indespensable. Techni¬
cal training is invaluable, and to this should also be added
some experience in the drawing-office and costs department.
But to these there must be added those qualities which mark
men as leaders. There is, first, ambition in the truest sense,
and the readiness to suffer privation in achieving an end.
This is akin to self-discipline, to the development of a well-
balanced mind, and, therefore, to a strong sense of the rela¬
tive importance of justice and right. These two will enable
him to avoid nepotism and favoritism — two of the greatest
pitfalls. This, it may be urged, is a gospel of perfection ;
but it is well, once in a while, to aim high. Moreover, we
are persuaded that employers could do much by encourag¬
ing intercourse between foremen to a greater degree.

There are, it is true, foremen’s associations, but they are
not sufficiently supported by the men who could profit by
them ; nor do they meet often enough. It is important that
there should be considered at their meetings economic and
social problems asociated with production, as well as purely
technical questions, while visits to works at home and
abroad should be arranged at frequent intervals. Nothing
tends more to efficiency in management than perfection of
system, and many hints in this direction could be gleaned
by travel. There should be no difficulty ; one firm might
welcome the foremen of another in exchange visits, to the
advantage of both.

Even an international exchange might be possible. But
in any case there can be nothing but advantage from any
effort to improve the characteristics of foremen. On them
the economy of production greatly depends. They should
be exemplary, being the first men, as well as oversmen,
even at six o’clock in the morning. — Engineering Maga¬
zine.

A NEW BRICK MACHINE CONCERN.

Alexandria Repress Brick Machine Manufacturing Cor¬
poration, /Mexandria. V a. ; Edwin L. Cockrell, president,
Woodbridge; David N. Rust, Jr., vice president and treas¬
urer, Braddock Heights; Wm. R. Stone, Jr., secretary and
manager. Braddock Heights, has been incorporated. Capi¬
tal ; Maximum, $2^.000; minimum, $10,000. Objects; Man¬
ufacturing and selling brick machinery.

CLAY RECORD*

BIRMINGHAM BRICK INDUSTRY IS KEPT BUSY

The movement of the brick market has been brisk during
the past few weeks and the outlook is bright for good sum¬
mer and fall market.

The brick used in the construction of the Empire, the
Brown-Marx annex, the Chamber of Commerce and the
Farley buildings were all made in Birmingham.

While the local market is rather slack at present, the
pressed brick manufacturers are setting a splendid forego¬
ing business. The pressed brick companies all report a
good market with indications of further improvement.

The awarding of the contracts by the city of Birming¬
ham for four new public school buildings in Greater Birm¬
ingham will call for a million and a half brick. These are
to be furnished by the local manufacturers.

Here is the number of brick that were used in the erec¬
tion of the four skyscrapers now being erected in Birm¬
ingham :

Brown-Marx annex, 1,500,000.

Empire building, 250,000.

Chamber of Commerce building, 500,000.

Farley building, 500,000.

The city of Bessemer placed an order with a local firm
recently for 750,000 brick to be used in the pavement winch
has been ordered in that city.

The new io-story office building, the city hall and the
new school buildings at Pensacola, Fla., were made of
Birmingham brick.

The Sibley-Menge company, which manufactures fancy
pressed brick, has placed orders within the past three
months which call for two million bricks.

Birmingham firms are now supplying pressed brick for
the construction of a new office building in Atlanta, and
for several new court houses being built in Georgia and
Florida.

According to the most conservative estimates the Birm¬
ingham district is now turning out annual clay products
valued approximately at $2,170,000. The monthly payrolls
of these concerns amount to between $60,000 and $70,000,
and a large army of workmen is given employment.

In the next few weeks work will be started on several
new churches and public buildings in the Birmingham dis¬
trict, and these improvements will call for two or three mil¬
lions of brick.

Birmingham patronizes its own brick industries and it
has been a long time since any new building in this dis¬
trict was built of foreign brick. In fact, the Birmingham
brick has become so popular here of late that they are
shipped as far south as Florida, and as far north as the
Carolinas.

Here is a table showing the value of the annual output
of the various clay manufacturers of the district:

Common brick .

Pressed brick .

Fire brick . . .

Fireproofing .

Sewer nine .

. $ 520.000

. 1 50,000

. 800,000

. 100,000

. 250.000

Paving brick .

Clavs .

. 300,000

. 50,000

Total . $2,170,000

The fireproofing used in the skyscrapers is made at
North Birmingham.

FIRST BRICK MADE IN AMERICA.

Two brick from the first brick house erected on the
American continent are on exhibition in the flag and relic
room in the Ohio state house. They are from the house
built at Jamestown Island, Va., by Gov. Richard Kemp of
that colony in 1638.

CERAMIC MEN MAKE SUCCESSFUL TESTS.

The Ceramics department of the University of Illinois,
has successfully completed a series of experiments to pro¬
duce a high grade stoneware from low grade material at a
low cost. The experiments are the result of long years of
careful work R. T. Stull who is in active charge of the
Ceramics laboratory at present, and by former Prof. V. C.
Bleininger, under whose direction the experiments were
begun. The achievement of their goal is the sequel to an
equally long and successful series of experiments run on
enameled brick slips.

From the best enameled brick slips for white lining, four
of the clearest were selected and tried on four different
clays, of which one each was from California, Macomb and
Whitehall, Ill., and Bloomingdale, Ind., that from Indiana
producing the best results, though- all were excellent. These
clays were ordinary cheap days, such as are now used for
terra cotta, stoneware, enameled brick and sewer tile, and
which burn to a full buff color.

The trial pieces, made in the form of small mugs, and
the models and molds, were designed and made by members
of the class in designing and shaping. They are made
mechanically in one piece on a potter’s jigger, instead of
by the usual two-piece method, in which mug and handle
are made separately, and welded together by hand after¬
wards.

After being taken from the molds, the seams are scraped
and sponged and the white veneer, or engobe, applied to
the inside, over which a clear, brilliant glaze extending up
over the rim to the outer edge, is spread, being cut off by
a sharp knife to leave a well defined line. The piece is
then dipped on the outside in rich deep brown glaze, meet¬
ing the white line. The mug is then dried and finished in
one. firing of the kiln. The object of the experiments was
to encourage stoneware manufacturers to produce a higher
grade of their ware. It is considered that the result of
these experiments should convince the manufacturers of the
practicability of doing this. Mr. Stull is to be congratulated
upon the happy solution of his difficult problem, difficult in
that four different compositions, i. e. white engobe, clear
glaze inside, brown glaze, outside and the body clay it¬
self, must be so adjusted as to produce a harmonious de¬
velopment with respect to shrinkage and perfect bond, dur¬
ing application and firing.

That the product is high grade may be seen by one look
at the specimens in the laboratory. The following figures
show how low the cost of production is : White engobe
less than $12 a ton, dry: the clear glaze inside and the
brown outside less than $30 a ton; and the clay, from 15
to 75 cents a ton delivered at the factory.

- - ♦ - - i

ALL CLAY WORKERS TO BE ORGANIZED.

Perth Amboy, N. J. — Owing to recent disputes with ref¬
erence to hours, wages and methods of handling material,
officials of the American Federation of Labor and the Inter¬
national Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta Workers’ Alliance
are taking steps to organize all branches of clay workers in
this city and vicinity. An important meeting will be held
in Keasbey, on the "outskirts of this city, early next week,
at which Frank Butterworth, first vice president of the In¬
ternational Terra Cotta Workers’ Alliance, will probably
speak. He attended a meeting of the clay workers here re¬
cently and announced that unions should be perfected im¬
mediately to protect the thousands of men who are em¬
ployed in the plants and factories.

Efforts are also being made to organize the clay workers
in the plants at South River and the movement for organ¬
ization in these branches is spreading rapidly in this sec¬
tion.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

9I7>93°- Building-Block. Frederick A. W. Davis, In¬
dianapolis, Ind. Filed Sept. 28, 1908. Serial No. 454,993.

A building block consisting of a body molded from plastic
material and a sheet of impervious material forming a side

thereof, said sheet of impervious material having a forma¬
tion with which the plastic material will interengage whereby
it becomes an integral part of the block when finished, said
formation also constituting a surface with which plaster will
likewise interengage when applied to the wall in which the
blocks are embodied.

918,855. Tile-Making Machine. Harry P. Holman,
l tica. Ill. Filed Feb. 28, 1908. Serial No. 418,200.

In a machine of the character set forth, the combination
of a mold, a tamper and a hopper, of an expansible hopper
formed of overlapping sections slidable upon each other and
projecting into and co-operating with the -Inner surface of
said first-named hopper, and means for holding the lower
edges of said sections in contact with the inner surface of
said first-named hopper, for the purpose set forth.

918,334. Superheated-Steam Dry-Kiln. David E. Lain,
Bellingham, Wash., assignor of one-half to Edwin G. Jewett,
Bellingham, Wash. Filed July 6, 1908. Serial No. 442,197.

In a superheated-steam dry-kiln, the combination of an
inclosed compartment, a circulating conduit system connect¬
ed to said compartment in such manner that said compart¬
ment and said conduit system form a circuit which is closed
or closable at all points except for exhaust, a steam super¬
heater connected into said conduit system, a source of live
steam and a conduit leading therefrom and controllably con¬
nected with said conduit system.

In a superheated-steam dry-kiln, the combination of an in¬
closed compartment, a diaphragm separating said compart¬
ment into a major and a minor room and having one or
more openings through the same, said major room being
suited to contain a quantity of moisture or pitch-bearing

material, a line of pipes, one end being connected to said
major room and the other end being connected to said minor
ropm in such manner that said line of pipes together with
said rooms form a circuit, said minor room having an outlet
into the outer air, and a steam superheater included in said
line of pipes.

918,980. Wire-Cut Brick. Frank B. Dunn, Conneaut,
Ohio. Filed March 13, 1908. Serial No. 420,849.

As an article of manufacture, a wire-cut brick having
wire-cut ribs on the side thereof, substantially as set forth!

As an article of manufacture, a wire-cut brick having
wire-cut ribs on one side, and wire-cut grooves in the oppo¬
site side, substantially as set forth.

919,018. Enameled Brick and Tile. Joseph H. Tackson,
Pittsburg, Pa. Filed Jan. 16, 1907. Serial No. 352,486.

A tile facing having peripheral rearwardly directed
flanges, each flange having a barb on one side of its edges,
.said barb extending angularly with respect to the plane of
the flang'e and having its plane extending at right angles to
plane of the facing.

7/ //

A tile facing having peripheral rearwardly directed
flanges, each flange having a barb on one of its edges, said
barb extending inwardly at right angles to the plane of the
flange and having its plane extending at right angles to the
plane of the facing.

CLAY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

The expected has happened in the San Francisco brick
market and the established price of $9 per thousand for
common brick that has been maintained for the past six
months has given away to practically the same figures that
were current a year ago. Although most of the large firms
engaged in the business had pooled their selling interests
and controlled the market for a time, the starting up of so
many small plants, lured on by the prospect of a profit on
the output of their plants, has brought on the cutting of
rates that had been feared and once more each plant is
getting as much of the business as possible and the ques¬
tion of price is being lost sight of. A week ago one large
firm retaliated on the action of the small plants in cutting
prices and named an $8 rate. Since then this has been
greatly lowered and some common brick in large quantities
were recently sold at a figure but a little in excess of $7.
There are many of the small plants located in places where
natural advantages are lacking that cannot manufacture
brick and sell it at a rate less than $8 and it is anticipated
that the immediate result will be a closing down of a num¬
ber of plants, or at least, there will be a curtailment of the
output. The great need of brick immediately following the
fire led to the establishment of plants in this vicinity in
places where brick cannot be manufactured cheaply, and it
is conceded that the output of this section with all the plants
running on regular time would be greatly in excess of any
probable demand.

Although the market for common brick is badly demor¬
alized again, there is a good demand for pressed brick and
prices are being maintained at the rates that have been
common for the past year. Terra cotta is also in good de¬
mand and it is interesting to note that the use of this article
for facing purposes is on the increase. There have been no
large contracts for terra cotta taken recently as there are
but few large buildings now in course of construction, but
the number of small contracts is increasing.

Manufacturers of sewer pipe are expecting this to be a
banner year for that business. The towns in the interior
of the state are growing very rapidly and a large number
of these are planning sewer systems. It is believed that
some of the sanitary laws recommended by the Master
I ’lumbers Associations will be passed by the state legis¬
lature next year and many towns are preparing to get sani¬
tary work done in advance.

The announcement is made that the Monterey Brick &
Stone Co., which has been operating a plant for some time
at Seaside, in Monterey county, has secured possession of
an extensive clay deposit in the vicinity of Sacramento,
Cal., and will shortly remove the plant to that place and
will also enlarge the equipment.

A large contract for brick was recently let to the Califor¬
nia Pressed Brick Company of Niles Cal., for the brick to be
used in the construction of the State Hospital at Agnews to
replace the building destroyed three years ago. Other large
contracts have also been taken lately and it has been found
advisable to add considerable new machinery to the plant
in order to keep up with the requirements.

The plant of the San Luis Obispo Brick Company, at San
Luis Obispo, Cal., has been thoroughly overhauled and
placed in operation after a long shut down. Local contracts
of considerable size have been received and a good sum¬
mer’s run insured.

Improvements of an extensive character are being made
at the big plant of the Pyrmont Brick Company, at Lincoln,
Cal. M. J. Dillman, of Sacramento, vice president and
manager of the company, is on the ground most of the time
and he announces that the construction of a large manu¬
facturing plant is one of the things promised for the not
distant future.

Another firm that is making extensive improvements at
its works is the Corona Pressed Brick & Terra Cotta Co.,
of Corona, Cal. This firm has just erected three new kilns
and is planning to add others at once. Heavy orders have
been secured lately and the sewer pipe end of the business
is very promising.

The Pima Brick & lile Co. of I uscon, Ariz., has made
some sample runs of brick and the output proved to be so
satisfactory that it has been decided to make additions to
the plant at once. Machinery with a capacity of 40,000
brick a day will be installed this summer.

The Tuscon Pressed Brick Company of Tuscon, Ariz.,
has commenced operations for the summer and is turning
out a brick that is said to be of very superior quality. Ship¬
ments have already been made to distant points and a large
business is expected to develop. As soon as the present
plant is running smoothly it is planned to commence pre¬
parations for the manufacture of fire bricks.

The St. Johns Clay & Pressed Brick Co. at St. Johns,
Ore., has merged with the Pacific Brick & Marble Co., a
concern recently incorporated there with a capital stock of
$100,000. A large factory building will be erected at once
and brick and elbram, a new building material, will be
manufactured.

1 he Inter-Mountain Cement & Brick Co., which operated
a brick plant at Idaho Falls, has decided to erect a similar
plant at Salt Lake City, Utah. The new plant will cost
approximately $50,000.

The Crown Brick Company has been incorporated at Salt
Lake City, Utah, with a capital stock of $roo,ooo. Those
interested in the enterprise are A. M. Wrench, H. S. Stowe,
M. J. True, W. S. Elton and E. C. Lackner.

The Vancouver Hassam Paving Company has been in¬
corporated at Vancouver, Wash., and a plant will be in¬
stalled there shortly for the manufacture of paving bricks.
Following' the lead of many other cities in the northwest,
Vancouver is to be paved with paving bricks and the local
company will bid for the contract for furnishing the ma¬
terial.

A bed of good clay has been discovered near Lamont,
Wash., and an option on the property has been taken by
T. B. English. He is now making some experimental burns
and if the produce comes up to his expectations he will
arrange for the installation of a plant.

The lone Fire Brick Company will hold its annual meet¬
ing in San Francisco early in August and it is understood
that the capital stock of the concern will then be increased.

WILL ENLARGE THEIR PLANT SOON.

In order that a larger number of paving blocks may be
turned out each day at the Egyptian Paving Block works
north of Murphysboro, Til., the management has decided
to build four additional kilns and the work will probably be
commenced within the next two months. This addition
will increase the kilns six to ten and many more blocks can
be burned.

Machinery at the plant at the present writing can turn
out 50,000 blocks per day, but owing to the restricted kiln
room, but 20,000 are being taken from the cut-off machines.

Superintendent of Construction Ellsworth Oden has
resigned, having finished his work at the local plant and
O. H. Downey, of Dayton, Ohio, has been employed as
superintendent of the plant. Mr. Downey comes to the
Egyptian plant well recommended as a brick specialist.

At the present writing sixty men are employed at the
plant and are working every day.

Brick are now being loaded for shipment to Carbondale
where the Egyptian plant representatives landed the first
large brick contract.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter. January 25, 1893. at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3. 1879

Vol. XXXV. JULY 15, 1909. No. 1

« I like to read American advertisements. They are iie
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
fountry by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine,
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
3east need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

The season for lemons never ends.

Easy times often account for hard habits.

Jokes are like nuts — the dryer they are the better they
crack.

This is a fast age, but our ancestors managed to get
ahead of us.

And the man who really knows his business refrains from
telling it to everybody.

A man who thinks more of a dollar than he does of his
self-respect is insult proof.

The task Mr. Fitzpatrick has set himself is that of dimin¬
ishing our wastefulness, not with a natural resource, but
with something that we have taken great pains to produce
— our buildings.

For twenty years he has labored in this cause and is cer¬
tainly the father of the fire-prevention movement in the
United States. Through his activities civic and other or¬
ganizations have been formed, city authorities have been in¬
duced to revise building ordinances, and the building bu¬
reaus of cities have awakened to a zealous performance of
their duties.

In the past few years, he has given considerable time
and attention to what might be called a popular campaign
in the direction of betterment of building conditions.

He realizes that whatever the people really want they are
bound to get, and if they can be aroused to see things as
they actually are, insofar as building is concerned, it will
not be long before drastic curative action is compelled.

Lately he has had articles on fire in a number of maga¬
zines. He tabulates the appalling losses and cost of fire in
a year’s time, something like $600,000,000, almost as much
as the entire yearly expenditure for new buildings and re¬
pairs !

He compares the wooden cities of Amerca with the brick
cities of Europe, and finds the former “wanting;” he blames
the insurance companies very largely for the craze for cheap
construction with us, and interestingly describes what really
is a fireproof building.

BUILDING AT HIGHEST RATE.

The figures for the first half of the year, as given out by
the Chicago building department, make a remarkable show¬
ing, and if continued at the same rate for the second half of
the year, will make the year’s totals about 60 per cent
greater than during any previous year in the history of the
city and will carry them to the $100,000,000 mark.

The figures are 6,069 permits with a total frontage of
165,506 feet and a cost of $50,028,180, as against 5,405 per¬
mits with a frontage of 151,388 feet and a cost of $29,375,-
875 for the corresponding period of 1908.

Of much interest also in this connection is the statement
by Building Commissioner Campbell that the commission of
architects which is revising the building code intends to
recommend a maximum height of 200 instead of 260 feet
as now. The effect of this, it is^ believed, will make for an
expansion of the building district.

Building operations for June in the large cities of the
country show continued activity with a marked increase
over June a year ago.

For the fifty cities included in the statement there were
14,880 permits issued at an estimated cost of $57,614,974,
as against 13,443 buildings with a cost of $51,443,406 for
the same month a year ago. This is an increase of 1,437
permits and $6,170,568 in cost, an increase of 12 per cent.

Chicago is second to New York, with a total of $8,271,050
as against $11,704,725 for the latter, but Chicago showed
a gain of 26 per cent while New York showed a decrease
of 31 per cent. Philadelphia is third with $4,156,690 and
an increase of 38 per cent. San Francisco next with $2,-
983,423, as against $2,573,776 for June, 1908, an increase
of 16 per cent. Minneapolis, which comes fifth, makes a
fine showing with $2,338,515, as against $877,020 for a year
ago, an increase of 167 per cent. Des Moines shows the
largest percentage of increase, 279 per cent, but Salt Lake
City is a close second with 249 per cent.

AUSTRIAN CHINAWARE TRUST DISSOLVED.

Washington, July — On Nov. 27, 1907, Consul John Steel
Twells, of Carlsbad, reported that the largest chinaware
manufacturers in Austria had formed a trust, with the ob¬
ject of increasing the prices of china goods and of establish¬
ing two market prices, one for Austria and the other for
the United States, it being held that the class of goods ex¬
ported to the United States differed materially from that
sold in the home market. The consul now reports, under
date of May 24, 1909, the dissolution of this trust, which he
writes should be a matter of much interest to American
manufacturers and dealers.

CLAY RECORD.

OBITUARY

The Hon. George M. Hooper, millionaire brick manu¬
facturer, and for three terms a representative of the state,
died at his home in Bridgewater, Mass., in his 71st year.
He was born in Bridgewater and engaged in brickmaking
in 1859. He is survived by five children.

John M. Mayer, manufacturer of building supplies at
179 Moore St., Brooklyn, N. Y., died of heart disease. He
was 28 years of age and engaged in business with his father.

John Perone, age eighty years, and a well known tile
worker at Zanesville, Ohio, died at his home, 13 Marietta
St., death was due to a complication of diseases after an
extended illness.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

A toy balloon was responsible for a fire at Michael Gay-
nor’s brick works, 31st and Tasker Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.,
which destroyed the sheds and caused a loss of $1,000.

The plant of the Wilkesbarre (Pa.) Cement Brick Co.
was partly destroyed by fire started from a spark from a
railway locomotive. The loss is $15,000. Partly insured.

Sparks from a kiln of the Westwood (O.) Brick Works
set fire to the sheds of the plant and destroyed them, caus¬
ing a loss of $1,000; partly insured.

The Fred Baker brick works at Wilson, Ct., suffered a
loss by the sheds burning.

The Johnson Brick Works at Newfield, Middletown. Ct.,
suffered a loss by the sheds burning to the ground.

WILL TEST OKLAHOMA CLAYS.

Mr. L. C. Snider, M. A., of the University of Indiana, who
has been appointed chemist of the Oklahoma Geological Sur¬
vey, will spend the summer at the government testing labora¬
tories at Pittsburg, Pa., making tests of Oklahoma clays
under the direction of A. V. Bleininger. Director Gould of
the Oklahoma Survey is arranging with the clay men and
commercial clubs of the State to send clays to Pittsburg for
testing.

There are some very valuable clays in the new state and
abundance of fuel — coal, oil and gas, for their manufacture,
The market for clay products is steadily increasing but so far
the people have had to send out of the state for about every¬
thing used.

It is believed that the results of the tests made by the Sur¬
vey Chemist this summer, will justify the establishment of a
number of clay products plants in Oklahoma. Both the raw
material and the market are at hand. Nothing is needed
but the installation of plants.

MANY INDUSTRIAL PLANTS INCREASE ACTI¬
VITIES OWING TO RUSH OF ORDERS.

The Kittanning Fire, Clay & Brick Manufacturing Co.,
Kittanning, Pa., employing 400 men, has been compelled
to go on double turn to fill its orders. The Cook and Penn¬
sylvania China companies, employing more than 1,000 per¬
sons, have enough orders on their books to keep the plant
running until next January. The Kittanning Iron & Steel
Co. has sufficient orders for a six months’ steady run. The
Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. and the Kittanning Plate Glass
Co. are behind in their orders.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

A premature explosion of dynamite at the Black Horse
Clay Mine near New Cumberland, W. Ya., instantly killed
J. T. Krater, aged 35 years.

The Carter Co. (Ky.) Fire Brick Co. plant is to be sold
at public sale at Grayson on the court house steps July 22d,
by order of the court.

Forty cases of typhoid fever are reported at the Wash¬
burn brick yards in the town of Ulster, N. Y. Twenty
are in bed. The health officer is analyzing the well water
which is probably the cause.

J. H. Parks, an employe of the Hibbard Brick Co. at
Kearney, Nebr., was killed by falling between the wheels
of a wagon and a kiln when the team became frightened.

Drivers of the Washington (D. C.) Brick Co. were fined
for dropping dirt from their wagons in the street. An
appeal will be made for a modification of the police regu¬
lations.

Frederick Schenkel was killed by the falling of the clay
bank at the Sterling Brick Works at Marietta, Ohio.

Mr. Austin, a driver for The De Arment Brick Mfg.
Co., Petoskey, Mich., fell from a loaded wagon of brick and
the wheels ran over his legs, so that he will be laid up for
some time.

Creditors have begun involuntary petition in bankruptcy
against the Muscogee Brick & Terra Cotta Co. at Colum¬
bus, Ga. The president of the company admits its inabil¬
ity to pay its debts.

THE COST OF BRICK LAYING BY A MUNICI¬
PALITY.

As a result of the very careful investigation of the Sewer
Department of the city of Boston, Metcalf & Eddy, consult¬
ing civil engineers to the Boston Finance Commission, pre¬
sent in a recent report some very interesting facts regarding
the cost of brick laying by municipal employees. Compar¬
ing the smaller sewers built by the Massachusetts Metropol¬
itan Commission with those built by the day labor force of
the city of Boston, the engineers find the prices ranging
from $9.04 to $18.34 per thousand on the day labor work,
, whereas on the Metropolian work done by contract the
highest price was $4.23 and the lowest $2.77.

Based on the number of brick laid, the difference be¬
tween the day labor work of the city and the contract work
of the Metropolitan Board is as noticeable as is the differ¬
ence in cost. These items are particularly interesting when
it is noted that upon the city work, taking the average for
a whole week, the number of brick laid per mason per hour
was as low as 13, and the largest number was 242, as against
94 and 570, respectively, upon the Metropolitan work. The
highest number per hour for the average of an entire job
done by the Sewer Division was 78, whereas the lowest
average upon Metropolitan work was 165 and the highest

3&b

The engineers show that to a considerable extent the ex¬
cessive cost under city administration was due to the fact
that sufficient work was not always presented to keep the
masons busy, but taking material and labor costs into con¬
sideration, it appears that the total cost for brick masonry
in the sewers was $30.75 per thousand brick and $18.45 Per
cubic yard of brick work on the basis of 600 brick to the
.yard.

CLAY RECORD.

$75,000 SEWER PIPE PLANT FOR DRESDEN.

At a meeting' of the directors and stockholders of the
newly organized Dresden Sewer Pipe Co., held in Zanes¬
ville, O., plans were made to erect a $75,000 sewer pipe
plant in Dresden this summer, an industry that will employ
between 150 and 200 men at good wages at the start, with
every favorable indication of an increase in the force within
a year after the plant has been in active operation.

The company was organized some six months ago, and
incorporated, but the matter has been allowed to lay dor¬
mant ever since. With the outlook for business conditions
as good as at present and the constant betterment of trade
all over the country, the stockholders and directors decided
that it was time to start the ball rolling, and they formu¬
lated many plans at the meeting, which was held in Attor¬
ney E. R. Meyer’s office.

That the company means business is evidenced by the
transfer of 36 acres in Dresden to the concern. Two of
the deeds were filed in the county recorder’s office, while
another has been transferred, although not yet recorded.

Samuel F. Spencer and Stella Spencer, of Dresden, re¬
leased their half interest in 24.30 acres to Chalmer D.
Moore, the secretary of the company, the nominal consid¬
eration being $1. Frank Tingle sold to the company 5.08
acres and lots 12 and 45 in Smith’s addition, the consid¬
eration named also being $1. Mr. Moore holds the deed to
the balance, and this will be recorded within a few days.

The Dresden plant will be along the same lines as the
one in Junction City. Lee Humphrey, of Junction City, is
the president of the concern, and C. D. Moore, the secre¬
tary, while a number of Zanesville and Dresden men hold
stock in the enterprise. The plant will cover a large area.

With a force of nearly 200 men, the capacity of the plant
will be enormous, but assurances of selling all the product
have been received from many quarters, and it is stated,
that all sizes of pipe will be manufactured.

The plant wil be Dresden’s largest industry when once
fairly started, and Dresden residents will learn with pleas¬
ure that plans are already formulated for building.

THE FOUR HASTINGS BRICK YARDS BUSY.

The Hastings (Nebr.) brick yards are planning for a
larger output of brick this season than last. One of the
management at the office of the Western Brick Co. says
that they would aim to manufacture one million more brick
this year over last season’s output.

Last year this yard manufactured 5,000,000 and at this
time this entire product has been practically sold. This
yard has set the total output for this year at 6,000,000.

The two yards of Polenske, Schellak & Co. and Polenske
Brothers & Co. last year manufactured a total output of
12,000,000. This year they will employ about eighty brick-
makers and will strive to also increase the output over last
year. These two yards also had a big demand for their
brick and save some paving brick have but very few of last
year's brick on hand. The management at both yards said
they anticipated a big building demand for brick the balance
of the season.

The yard of P. Hemple & Co., last year manufactured
about 2,500,000 and Mr. Hemple says that he also would
aim to have a larger output this year for the market. He
thought the building outlookfor the year was very bright.

The Portsmouth fO.) Paving Brick Co., is erecting a new
dry house and new kilns of modern type. The increase of
business made this necessary.

The Auburn Shale Brick Co., have started in the manufac¬
ture of brick, in their Gettsburg, Pa., plant. The plant has
been greatly improved and all the machinery overhauled.

POTTERS ARE CONSERVATVIE IN CONSIDER¬
ING RESOLUTIONS.

Atlantic City, July 7. — At the convention of Brotherhood
of Potters, of the twenty-three resolutions that were con¬
sidered only five were adopted.

Of the resolutions adopted the first one came from Tiffin,
O. It provides that formal request shall be made upon the
United States Potters’ Association that the Association file
with the Secretary of the Brotherhood a list of the proposi¬
tions to be presented to the workingmen at least 30 days
prior to the coming together of the next conference com¬
mittees. The vote was unanimous.

The second resolution came from the Turners and Hand¬
lers of East Liverpool. It abolishes the custom of locals
charging 10 cents for transfer and withdrawal cards. Be¬
fore the resolution was adopted it was amended upon mo¬
tion of Brother Ralph Wood, of Tiffin, that the National
organization furnish transfer and withdrawal cards to
local unions free. The amendment carried. The adoption
of this resolution killed the one offered by Local Union No.
28, of Kokomo, which covered the same ground.

The third resolution came from the Claymakers of the
west. It provides for the dipping of sacks by the firm; no
price increase is involved in this concession.

The fourth resolution came from one of the general ware
pressers' locals. It provided that no sanitary presser should
be permitted to start at general ware pressing as long as
a competent general ware presser could be secured to fill
such vacancy. Two reports were submitted to the conven¬
tion on this resolution, a minority and a majority report.
The minority report was sustained. This gives any sani¬
tary presser the right to accept employment in the general
ware line when he cannot find employment at his own work.
There was considerable discussion on the question before it
was finally settled. The resolution in its original form came
from Kittanning.

The fifth resolution was adopted without the suspicion
of opposition.

It provides that the time the apprentice sanitary worker
consumes in sticking up shall be deducted from his ap¬
prenticeship.

A communication was read from W. E. Wells, secretary
of the Labor Day committee of the United States Potters’
association, requesting that the committee appointed by
the president to represent the workingmen at the next wage
conference, be empowered to make a final settlement. He
stated that the manufacturers’ representatives would go so
instructed but such power would be of no avail if the
workmen’s committee were also so fortified. The request
was readily acceded to.

NEW YORK BRICK DEMAND BETTER.

Eyes of builders are on the brick quotation boards almost
unceasingly these days. The dry. warm weather of the last
few days has stimulated building activities here, and in con¬
sequence the supply which piled up at the local wharves met
with a gluttonous demand. The yards are nearly drained,
and there is said to be a tendency on the part of the manu¬
facturers to hold in so as to maintain a good demand.

The consensus of opinion among brick dealers and con¬
sumers is that buyers who hold back for lower prices will
not profit, as the present prices are bottom, and will remain
so for some time.

The prices current for Hudson commons, for the week
iust closing, range from $3.25 to $6.50, which is a 25 per
cent, advance over the low quotation of last week. Maxi¬
mum prices for this brick remain the same. Light hards
were quoted, however, at $3.50 and $4, which is a 50 cent
drop low and 25 cents for high. Jersey hards range be¬
tween $6 and $6.50.

UL.AY R£GORa

ARKANSAS BRICK MANUFACTURERS MEET.

1 he Brick Makers’ Association of Arkansas met in an¬
nual convention at Ft. Smith, June 22, 1909.

The meeting was held in the rooms of the Commercial
Club of that city, the president, Mr. M. C. Burke of that
city, presiding. A fair attendance of the members was
present, all the membership being comprised of brick makers
of the state of Arkansas and the northern portion of Louis¬
iana.

Among other business transacted was the passage of the
resolution extending the bounds of the membership to in¬
clude certain portions of Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas
which are adjacent to the state of Arkansas. Such brick
makers were invited to unite with this association should
they so desire.

A part of the time of the convention was spent in the in¬
spection of the large paving brick plant of the Burke Bros.
Brick company.

Much routine business was disposed of bv the members
present.

A reminiscence address was given by the Hon. Harry
E. Kelley of Ft. Smith, who was one of the pioneer brick
makers in this state.

An invitation to hold the next meeting in February
or March, 1910, in Little Rock, was accepted.

Officers and Executive Committees were re-elected for
the ensuing term. M. C. Burke, of this city, was re-elected
president, on recognition of the effective work he has done
during the past year in the interests of the association.

The other officers chosen were :

M. L. Case, Pine Bluff, first vice president.

N. P. O’Neal, Hope, second vice president.

C. E. Taylor, Little Rock, secretary and treasurer.

An executive committee was also selected, consisting of :

O. C. Sutton, Mariana ; C. W. Clark, Malvern ; B. C.
Poincey, Helena ; M. W. Dickinson, Little Rock ; A. Brew¬
ster. Peria, and C. N. Adams, Alexandria, La.

The convention adopted resolutions expressing their ap¬
preciation of the courtesies shown while in the city. M. C.
Burke and D. J. Young gave their personal supervision to
the entertainment of the guests.

DENVER FIRE CLAY CO. HAS BEEN
REORGANIZED.

John Donaldson, formerly of Minneapolis, Minn , now
of Denver, and Willis W. Case, Jr. of Denver, have pur¬
chased a controlling interest in the Denver Fire Clay com¬
pany. Mr. Case has been elected president and manager,
and Mr. Donaldson secretary and treasurer. W. W. Case,
Sr., who has been the company’s president for years, re¬
tired and will devote his time to his private interests. ' He
stih holds stock in the company.

\\ illis W. Case, Jr., the new president of the company,
has been its manager for about a year. In that time he has
increased the business greatly. About three months ago
he opened a branch house in Salt Lake City, which he made
a financial success from the start. Mr. Case is yet in his
twenties.

John Donaldson comes from one of the best known fam¬
ilies of Minnesota. For years the Donaldsons had a big
depai tment store* known as the Glass Block, in Minnesota.
Mr.. Donaldson is wealthy in his own right. He has been
mining' in Mexico recently, but will now make Denver his
permanent headquarters and devote all his time to the busi¬
ness of the Fire Clay Company.

The Denver hire Clay company is capitalized at $200,000
and invoices at more than $500,000. It is the only fire clay
concern in the world that manufactures a complete line of
chemists’ and assayers’ supplies.

WILL DEVELOP LAND NEAR BESSEMER.

Bessemer Ala.— H. W. Sweet, vice president and or¬
ganizer of the Eureka Fire Clay Brick company, is elated
over the prospects of the company and some interesting
facts in regara to the holdings of the company at Ricken
Mr. Sweet said:

We hold approximately 40 acres at Ricker, about 18
mi es from Bessemer, located on the Louisville and Nash¬
ville and very near the forks of the Bessemer-Brookwood-
.uscaloosa road. It is an ideal spot for the building of a
city, lying at the meeting point of three of the county’s
principal roads. We have a large and commodious com¬
missary already built with accommodations for the family
of the storekeeper. We intend to put in at an early date
about a $4,000 stock of groceries and general merchan¬
dise, and expect to get the trade of the country round
about.

‘Arrangements have been made with the railroad for
putting in a switch, and we hold a permit to establish a
station. The 40 acres have practically a bottomless layer of
hre clay under a strata of three to seven feet of loamy sand,
which will be no trouble to remove. There is a lar<^e sul¬
phur spring within 200 yards of the land, which also con¬
tains a large deposit of potter’s clay, which has been tested
and pronounced good by experts. We expect to begin op-
ei ations at once and hope to be in full operation by the
end of July.”

DIFFERENCES AIRED IN ORGANIZATION OF
CONSERVATION COMMISSION.

Des. Moines, la. — At the first meeting of the conservation
commission it developed that there is a war on between the
cement and clay men over the selection of the permanent
chairman, d he clay men want G. G. W heat of Emmetts-
burg selected. 1 lie cement men claim WTieat has always
fought their interests. They have no candidate of their
own and will be satisfied with anyone but Wheat.

The commission elected A. L. Miller, cashier of the
Home Savings bank of this ctiy permanent chairman, and
J. W. Keerl, a member of the commission as temporary
secretary. The law authorizes the selection of a secretary
from outside the membership of the commission at a salary
of $1,500 a year for all his time. A committee of two was
appointed to canvass the situation and recommend a sec¬
retary.

The law creating the commission is broad and it was dis¬
covered that there is much variance in the opinon of the
members as to their duties. It was decided to leave the ar-
1 angement of a program of work till a later meeting to
give the members time to examine the law more carefully.
The next meeting will be held at the call of the chairman,
probably September I.

Ex-Deputv State Auditor Amos Brandt, Ex-Deputy Sec¬
retary of State Dan A. Hites, Robert Bailey, L. W. Mc¬
Henry, all of Des Moines, and G. G. Wheat of Emmetts-
burg are candidates for secretary.

■ - -

FIVE-YEAR BRICK RATES LOWERED.

The Chicago Board of Underwriters has reduced the
five-year term rate on brick dwellings and stables to 90
cents, the minimum tariff having provided that no five-year
rate should be less than $1. As the annual rate is cents,
the five-year rate under the ordinary rule of three rates
for five years, would be 90 cents were it not for the $1
limit. Some mathematician figured out that bv insuring
for four years and 364 days a considerably lower rate could
be gotten than for five years, and to correct this discrep-
ancv the change was made.

CLHY

RECORD.

GIMBELS NEW YORK STORE STARTS UP A
BIG NEW JERSEY PLANT.

The National Fireproofing Company, of Pittsburg, has
obtained the contract for fireproofing the new Gimbel store,
one of the largest fireproofing contracts ever awarded in
New York city. The store is at Broadway, Thirty-second
and Thirty-third streets, just in front of the new Pennsyl¬
vania railroad station.

The fireproofing contract calls for 1,500,000 square feet
of hollow terra cotta blocks. Laid end to end, the blocks
required for this one job would stretch 285 miles, two-
thirds of the distance 'from New York to Pittsburg.

The company will at once start up one of its New Jersey
plants, which has not been in operation recently, and set
600 men to work manufacturing the hollow blocks. The
installation of the fireproofing in the building will prob¬
ably begin in about three months.

The very large New York undertaking is proving a
quickening influence in many lines of business.

The excavation for basements and foundation is rather
more than half done. Three shifts of men keep the dirt
and rock flying, and each day’s work equals the total exca¬
vation for the average New York building. The erection
of steel will start September 3.

VICTIMS OF FEVER AT WASHBURN’S BEING
WELL CARED FOR.

The condition of the fever patients at Washburn’s brick
yard, East Kingston, N. Y., is improving and indications
are that there will be no fatalities. Only one patient, a
little, girl, shows any symptoms of typhoid fever, which are
slight.

There are now about 32 fever patients, several having
been discharged as cured. George Washburn, is doing
everything that is possible for the care of the patients, an
extensive hospital camp having been laid out with Dr. E. H.
Loughran, who is health officer of the town of Ulster in
charge. The colored men who are patients are in tents
by themselves and the white patients in separate tents.
There are no women afflicted with the fever, the cause for
which seems to puzzle the doctors. There is a cook tent
with a competent cook, while three trained nurses, Miss
Mary Hamburger being head nurse. The hospital camp is
kept in perfect neatness. Every precaution is being taken
to stop the epidemic and prevent the spread of the fever.

A similar fever, from what men who came to the brick
yards asking for work, said, is also raging at up-the-river
points, there being about 40 cases near Hudson.

Great credit is due Mr. Washburn for his prompt steps
in having the camp established, engaging trained nurses,
etc., and seeing that the wants of the sick people are being
carefully attended to. ^ _

POTTERS PAY EXPENSES FOR CAMP MEETING

Sebring, Ohio. — The annual camp meeting held by the
Sebring Brothers, builders of the town bearing their name,
opened July 23.

The Sebrin? Brothers came here eight years ago from
East Liverpool (there were five of them then) and after
purchasing a large area of poor ground from the farmers
who thought the strangers wanted to raise stock, built the
thriving little pottery town which now has 3,500 population,
no saloons and several factories in addition to the four
china potteries.

One of the peculiarities of the town is that everyone
buving property from the Sebrings finds a clause in the
deed specifying that no liqour shall ever be sold on the
premises, so that the town has always and always will be
dry. Camp meetings are held every year in a special tract
of land set aside and equipped by the Sebrings for the pur¬
pose.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Kentucky Unit Brick & Tile Co. has been organized
at Louisville, Ky., with $90,000 capital stock. The incor¬
porators are S. D. Atkisson, I. R. Jeffers and D. Price.
They will manufacture brick and tile of cement under the
Sawyer system which was first started at Charlotte, N. C.

J. R. Ingraham and others have purchased four acres of
land near Turner, Kansas, and will establish a sand pressed
brick works. The Kaw river sand will be used.

The officers of the Denbigh (N. Dak.) Brick Co. are
having trouble to supply all the orders for sand and lime
brick that are coming in to them.

The Tri-city Sandstone Brick Co., Moline, Ill., has sur¬
rendered its charter and asks for a dissolution.

The Charleston (Mo.) Tiling Co. is turning out cement
tile up to 24 inches, having modern tile machine. J. I.
Belote is the able manager.

The tile and cement block factory of M. R. Corbett,
East Main St., Pana, Ill., is opened for business. A spe¬
cialty will be made of drainage tile.

Excavations have been started on Vogel’s Island, Mil¬
waukee, Wis., for the $10,000 factory for the Wisconsin
Composite Brick Co., the city office of which is at 3rd and
Grand Ave.

The Granite Brick Co., Norfolk, Va., took 75 men of Nor¬
folk down to their brick manufacturing plant, where $90,-
000 has been invested, for inspection. R. C. Marks is
president of the company and R. C. Marks, Jr., secretary
and treasurer.

The Owensboro (Ky.) Sandlime Brick Co. is doing a
good business these days. The company was started by
local men and capital and the product is sent in all sections
of the country.

The Hydraulic Stone & Brick Co. plant at West Bend,
Wis., is working full time with an enlarged force since it
changed hands and is owned by Merrit H. Evans, of Min¬
neapolis, Minn. Wm. Capelle, an experienced brick chem¬
ist, has full charge of the plant.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

The New Lambertville (N. J.) Pottery has been put in
motion.

An order has been issued by A. M. Moreland, of Pitts¬
burg, Pa., to raise the buildings known as the Union Pot¬
tery Co. plant at East Liverpool, O., on account of they
being considered unsafe.

The receiver for the Bell Pottery Co., of E. Columbus,
O., has been ordered to sell the property at an upset price
of $90,000.

The International Art Studios has been organized at
Cannelton, Ind., with $30,000 capital stock by William
Frances Keates and others. They will manufacture fine
chinaware.

H. F. & L. C. Pumphrey, of Fairfield, la., will establish
a pottery in that city.

The Leavenworth (Kansas) Brick Works have been
started by their new owners. J. S. Bowley of Atchison, is
the practical brick manufacturer, who is putting the plant
into shape. Additional machinery will be installed, new
kilns built and the dryer enlarged to a 32 track dryer. The
present machinery and boilers have already been overhauled.
They have visited governors as well as laymen and their
efforts must produce results.

GLMV RECORD,

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Pima Brick & Tile Co., Tuscon, Arizona, has three
plants at that place, and are negotiating- with machinery
manufacturers for the purchase of machinery to make 40,-
000 brick daily. Louis De V ry is president.

The Libby Pressed Brick & Tile Co. has been incorpor¬
ated at Pierre, S. Dak., with $75,000 capital stock.

The LTah Fire Clay Co., Salt Lake City, has increased
its capital stock from $200,000 to $500,000.

The Fire Stone Brick Co., Lexington, N. C., has been in¬
corporated with $50,000 capital stock by J. M. Pugh, J. T.
Gumear and' S. E. Williams.

T. B. Wright & C. J. Bowell have formed the Independ¬
ent Builders’ Supply Co. at Shenandoah, la., and will deal
in all kinds of building materials. They would be glad to
receive catalogues and samples of all kinds.

The Dickman-Duty Brick Co., Cleveland, O., is making
extensive improvements at its Collingwood plant that will
cost over $30,000.

New York capitalists have organized a brick company
and will erect a large plant at North Mountain, W. Va.,
starting some time in July. E. W. Mack, of St. Louis, Mo.,
is also interested.

H. H. Peterson will remove his brick plant from Holt-
ville, Cal., to El Centro. Fie has secured land near the
Southern Pacific depot and will construct a power brick
plant making 25,000 brick daily.

The Nebraska Drain Tile Co. has been organized at
Tekamah, Nebr., capital $75,000. The buildings will be
160x60 and 40x80 feet. The plant will be equipped with a
dryer and start with four kilns. All buildings will be of
brick.

The Gary Sand Co., Michigan City, Ind., has been or¬
ganized by John S. Field, Alexander Dahlman, C. B. Shef-
fler and N. C. Fisher.

The Burlington (Wis.) Brick & Tile Co., having nearly
exhausted their present clay holdings, have purchased an¬
other track and can continue making their splendid tile.

The Utah Fire Clay Co., of Salt Lake City, has received
an order for seven miles of vitrified pipe to be laid in that
city. The work of laying same has been commenced.

The Bickford Fire Brick Co., Lock Flaven, Pa., will in¬
crease its output to eight turns daily at its Curwensville
plant and will double its force of men. The local plant ex¬
pects to be busy the balance of the year.

The Eureka Fire Brick Works at Dunbar, Pa., report
through its manager, H. Watson, that the demand for coke
oven brick is improving and the plant is running to its full¬
est capacity.

It is understood that a company will be organized to
manufacture brick at Poteau, Okla. J. J. Sabin is the
present leasee of the plant.

The Vulcan Brick Co., Athens, N. Y., is putting in ma¬
chinery and will have an up-to-date yard. Wm. E. Fitz¬
gerald, of Fludson, is the manager of the yard.

The Lexington (Mo.) Press Brick Co. recently added a
Fernholtz Dry Press to its already well equipped yard. It
will greatly increase the capacity of the plant.

Batdorf & Co., Burlington, Kansas, will enlarge the ca¬
pacity of their tile plant and will build another kiln of twice
the capacity of any of the present kilns.

L. M. Frawley, manager of the Elk City (Kansas) Brick
Co. has a 11 pound boy assistant manager, born June 12.

Independence, Kansas, is to have another brick plant lo¬
cated on the Page farm south of town. All the preliminary
work has been done, the shale tested and gas contracted for.

Work has been started on the brick works at Lucasville,
O., under the supervision of Mr. Oakes. They expect to be
making brick in a short time.

The South Shore Ry. has completed the side track for the
new brick plant at St. Ignace, Mich., to be built for the
Northern Michigan Brick & Tile Co. by Calumet and
Houghton people. E. A. Reavie, of Laurinum, is the man¬
ager.

The Wilipcoba Clay Works will make 100,000 brick daily
at their plant at Ragland, Ala., soon as all the kilns are
completed, four being in use now and two under construc¬
tion. C. H. Pettman is general manager.

The Bloomdale (O.) Tile & Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated with $150,000 capital stock by R. W. McPherson,
M. L. Wiseley, O. F. Campbell, L. R. Good and J. M.
Martin.

The Bippus (Ind.) Tile Co. has increased their capital
stock $10,000, issuing preferred stock for same. -

The New York Pressed Brick Co. will reopen its plant
U. J. Matson will be the superintendent. The company will
at Canandaigua, N. Y., and employ a large force of men.
extend its work so as to manufacture roofing tile as well as
all kinds of pressed brick.

Edward Smith, of Cherryvale, Kansas, has taken the
management of the Midland Brick Co. at Sedan and has a
force rebuilding the kilns and putting the plant in order.
Heyburn, Idaho, has a new brick works.

The Ivie Brick Works at Kirksville, Mo., has been pur¬
chased by a number of local business men and the plant will
be completely overhauled and $10,000 expended to com¬
plete it.

The Hebron (N. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. are now mak¬
ing glazed or enameled brick and making shipments as far
west as Oregon.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged

to Suit all Locations

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Point* of Superiority

one-half of the fuel used on

Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. H A I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

CLKY RECORD.

The Flint River Brick Co., N. J. Cruger president, will
spend $60,000 on their Albany, Ga., brick plant this fall.

Porter Bros. & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Kenilworth
(Newell P. O.), W. Va., will establish a brick plant at
Weir.

The Eureka Fire Brick Co., Tuscaloosa, Ala., has been
incorporated by James D. O’Grady, H. W. Sweet, G. Baugh
and N. Hedge.

The Rainier (Oregon) Face Brick & Clay Co. has been
incorporated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
J. W. Bayliss, S. B. Bayliss and N. L. Nash.

The Blackwell (Okla.) Brick Tile & Gas Co. has been in¬
corporated with $50,000 capital stock by J. W. Beatty,
W. H. Thompson, Z. A. Harris, N. B. Kistler and W. M.
Vickery.

Plans are under way for the installation of electric power
at the works of the Menomonie (Wis.) Hydraulic Pressed
Brick Co. ; large motors will drive the machinery, taking
the place of steam.

A company has been formed at Brownsville, Texas, for
the purpose of building a brick and drain tile plant. The
stockholders are N. Allen, G. D. Fairbanks, E. Von Ant¬
werp and H. H. Bunker.

While locating coal in the hills near Jamestown, N. Dak.,
a large deposit of fine brick clay was found on the James
river and Aberdeen parties have secured a lease and expect
to build a large brick plant.

The Paragon Brick Co., Sheridan, Wyoming, has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The directors are
W. P. Waters, Wm. FI. Huntley, Fred H. Blume, L. B.
Glafcke and E. C. Hecox.

The Kalona (Iowa) Tile Works, which recently burned
the first kiln of tile under the new management are so sat¬
isfied with results that they will remodel the old plant and
install new machinery in the near future.

The Atlantic Tiling Co. has broken ground for their
large plant at Perth Amboy, N. J. A tract, 500x200, has
been secured near the heart of the city. They will be one
of the largest wall tile producers in the States.

Dr. John B. Sewell, Baldwin, La., has burned his first
test kiln of brick at his works in Bayou Teche, and they are
satisfactory. The brick are hand made but the doctor ex¬
pects to get improved machinery and make brick by modern
methods.

FOR SALE
COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

Entire Sewer Pipe Plant and Clay Mine, located
near Columbia, Ill., being only 14 miles from
St. Louis, on Mobile & Ohio R. R.

Private Switch and Locomotive.

Unlimited Supply of Clay.

For Particulars, Address:

COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

610 Commonwealth Trust Bld’g. - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The La Rue (O.) Tile Co. has been incorporated with
$50,000 capital stock by C. McAllister and others.

J. R. Neal, of Portland, Oregon, is testing clays at Ridge,
field, Wash., with the view of building an up-to-date brick
yard.

J. A. Johnson, of Ontario, has found a rich body of
clay near Prince Rupert, B. C., also sand and expects to
develop it.

R. M. Bachus is making 1,000,000 brick at Gififord,
Idaho. The demand for brick has never been so great since
the plant was started.

J. R. Ingraham and others have purchased four acres of
land near Turner, Kansas, and will establish a pressed brick
yard. The Kaw river sand will be used.

The Sioux City (la.) Brick & Tile Works has purchased
a large motor truck, which will be used in the future instead
of horses, to haul brick for delivery in the city.

Senator Fred W. Gooding has ordered the machinery,
cleared the land and laid water pipes to his new brick yard
near Shoshone, Idaho. The yard will turn out 20,000 brick
daily.

At Correctionville, Iowa, the Cherry Red Pressed Brick
Co. is issuing $25,000 bonds for the purpose of making ex¬
tensive improvements to the plant. G. A. Bailey is presi¬
dent, G. N. Fairchild, of Sioux City, is an officer of the
company.

The formation of a $100,000 company has been organ¬
ized by George F. Atkins as president, Dr. C. F. Wilcox,
vice president, Dr. E. E. Wilcox, treasurer, and Attorney
W. W. Little, secretary. They will exploit Dry Canyon at
Salt Lake City, Utah. Samples of silica brick have already
been made, and it is expected to build a fire brick plant.

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

: ~ FOR -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

The Carrollton (Ky.) Brick Co. has been organized with
$60,000 capital stock.

The Checotah (Okla.) Business League is negotiating
with parties to start a brick works at that place.

Deming, N. Mex., has a new brick plant which will em¬
ploy 15 men. Heretofore all brick were shipped in.

The Weir City (Kansas) Brick Co. has closed a contract
for 1,000.000 brick for Drury College at Springfield, Mo.

M. J. Lee, of Crawfordsville, Ind., has purchased The
Paola (Kansas) Brick & Tile Works and will double its
capacity.

E. E. Seniff, a Pittsburg, Kansas, contractor, has become
the owner of a brick plant at Leesville, La. George Barney
formerly owned the plant.

The Denver (Colo.) Fire Clay Co. has been reorganized
and purchased by W. W. Case, Jr., who is president and
John Donaldson secretary and treasurer.

At a meeting of the directors of the Dresden Sewer Pipe
Co., held in Zanesville, O., plans were made to erect a $75,-
000 plant at Dresden. Lee Humphrey, of Junction City, is
the president and C. D. Moore, secretary.

Work on the $250,000 fire brick and clay products plant
of the Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., near Ensley,
Ala., is being rushed as rapidly as possible. It is expected
the plant will be put in operation September 1st.

A third vitrified brick plant is now proposed to be built
at Independence, Kansas. This one will be on the Park-
hurst land near the Santa Fe Ry. The land costing $300
per acre.

A company has been organized with $20,000 capital stock
to manufacture brick and tile at Albia, Iowa.

The Ardmore (Okla.) Brick & Tile Co. is now running
its plant to its fullest capacity, making 100,000 brick daily.

The E. E. Meyer Tile & Brick Works at Crescent City,
Ill., has undergone complete renovation and rebuilding.

The East Peoria (Ill.) Brick Co. has closed a contract
for 1,000,000 brick for the construction of the new Jeffer¬
son building.

The Brooklyn (N. Y.) Vitrified Tile Works has had all
its capital stock paid in. The directors are Julward A. Mer-
dian, William Chell and Osier J. Villy.

A. B. Day and M. W. Havey have bought the S. J. Camp¬
bell brick yard and saw mill at Independence, La., and in¬
tend doing a large brick and lumber business.

C. R. Richards, proprietor of the Richards Brick & Tile
Works at Clyde, O., says he will dismantle the plant soon.
He is also interested in the Clyde Brick & Tile Works, so he
will still be in the business.

The Madisonville (Ky.) Drain Tile Co. has been incor¬
porated with $10,000 capital stock by L. W. Schmetzer, of
Madisonville, and J. D. Bobbett and Ida W. Bobbett, of
Nebo. The plant is at Nebo.

The Alexandria (Va.) Pepress Brick Machine Mfg. Co.
has been organized with $25,000 capital stock. Edwin L.
Cockrell is president, David N. Rust, Jr., vice president and
treasurer, Wm. R. Stone, Jr., secretary and manager.

25 Per Cent Discount

Andrus Brick Presses

FOR THIRTY DAYS

BIG STOCK

IMHEDIATE SHIPHENT

Scott Manufacturing Co.,

1515 Third National Bank Building

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used
only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask
for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

POSITION WANTED

By an up-to-date man as manager or Supt. of pav¬
ing brick plant, thoroughly practical and experi¬
enced in every detail of the business, plant construct -
tion, kiln building, and handling all classes of labor.
A1 references. Address B 4

Care Clay Record, Chicago

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the James River, 90 miles from Richmond,
18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in
operation. Therefore would make very easy terms.
Address MRS. AGNES L- TURNER,

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE.

Profitable brick plant and business; 20,000 capac¬
ity. 4-mold Boyd press; complete equipment.
Splendid reputation. Economical situation. Sup¬
plies this section; no competition; a money-making
plant. Owners have no other interests.

Address Durango Pressed Brick Co.,

Durango, Colo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A southern Minnesota Brick and Tile Plant, com¬
plete in running order; has done a good business
last year. Good reason for selling. Address
Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand Ona, Two and Three Wav
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Brick and tile plant; coal and potters’ clay mine;
all combined in active operation; new machinery,
none better ; coal and clay, unlimited quantity;
superior in quality; suitable for fire brick, enamel
brick or fine face brick, terra cotta, tile, sewer pipe,
stone ware; and all high refractory material. As to
proportion of strata used, it is 25 ft. thick rock top
and easy to mine. Clays burn white, buff, gray,
brown, and also makes a fine spreckled manganese
brick. As to proportion of clay used— best clay in
Illinois. Railroad runs direct through center of 900
acres; direct to St. Louis and Chicago. Reason for
sale, owner crippled; will sell on easy payments,
trade for good real estate, or lease to good, expe¬
rienced men with capital to operate and increase
businecs: Address,

H. T. M..

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

FORCED FOR SALE

Brick yard for sale within six miles of Broad Street
Station, Philadelphia, Pa., every improvement,
Penn. Ry. sidings into yard. In operation for orders
for about three million brick. Address:

A. B. Co,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

SECOND HAND BRICK MACHINERY
FOR SALE

8,000 new fire brick; 12,000 second hand fire brick.
140 single Grates as good as new, size 3 ft. 9 in.

18 Kiln doors on frames.

60 double Grates, size 3 ft.

10 plain fire doors.

5 Brick Trucks.

5 Brick Wheel Barrows.

One 40 H, P. Engine.

One 40 H. P. Boiler in good condition.

Several Pumps. One Bottom Dump Car. 800 ft.
Small Rail. 2 Switches. 60 ft. 8 inch Canvas Belt¬
ing. 52 ft. 6 inch Belting, used one year.

Address,

HENRY EHLERS & BRO.,
Watkins, Minn.

Do belter made, cut iron:
SB and SIO, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers

LE CREEK, MICH

FOR SALE.

One four-mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good
working condition. Has only been used one year.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

57th and Wallace Sts., Chicago.

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capabity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7.00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20. 00 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

FOR SALE.

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ brick machine CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Paper Joggers quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St..

One No. 20 Cyclone Disintegrator, made by the C.
W. Raymond Co, Has been used about two weeks.
Practically new. Address

COLUMBIA BRICK & PLASTER CO.

North East. Md.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of
a large brick works or the construction of such.
Have twenty years practical experience and
thorough knowledge of the business.

Address Brick Supt.,

P. O. Box 81, Coffeyville, Kans.

WANTED

A first-class Engineer who can handle a corliss
engine and look after machinery in brick plant.
Must be a man of ability, later full charge of plant
will be given to him if satisfactor. Will pay $900
a year to start.

Address “BE” Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

WANTED

One second-hand medium size steam shovel for
handling clay or sand.

Address E. J. KELLER,

Lexington, Okla.

DRYE.R CARS

We have on hand a lot of secoud hand single and
double deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-l
condition. We offer them at a very low price for
quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

One hardening cylinder, 72 ft. long, 6 ft. diameter.
One 4-Mold Andrus brick press.

One 9-foot Scott Dry Pan.

One Cedar Rapids Sand Dryer.

25 sand lime brick cars, 3 ft. by 5 ft. top.

2 transfer cars all in good condition.

MORGAN BRICK CO.

Norristown, Pa.

FOR SALE

150 Iron Flat Trucks for Cement, Tile or Brick Yard.
One 70-inch Buffalo Forge Fan.

One 180 H. P. Heine Boiler
Two Freight Elevators

The above machinery is in good condition and at a
very low price. S. KRUG WRECKING CO.,

Nebraska City, Neb.

I have a Brick and Tile Plant costing $20,000, Elec¬
tric Power, Steam Dryer. Make soft mud and stiff
mud brick and drain tile. I want a man with a few
thousand dollars to take one-half interest in the
business If you are looking for a good chance to
get into business by investing at 50 cents on the
dollar, address

J. J. MILLER,
Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Bullick 100 H. P. Motor, one 9 foot Raymond
Pug Mill, one 18 H.P. Gasoline Engine. All nearly
new. Address

KIAMENSI CLAY CO.,

Newport Del.

FOR SALE.

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N- Y.

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER PRESSURE

Absolute control of heat in kiln. Burns all first-class hard brick.

Applies to any style of kiln. 40% reduction in fuel cost.

JOHN C. BOSS, Monger Building, ELKIJART, IND.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

*05 NPW VOPK’ p- °- no*

Pearl Street * ’ G- TV IUKa 171a

ifrap r have tried

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

SSbBfMF out Ricketson's Famous

Red Brick” Brand

EASTON, PA.

y.. COLOR..

BRICK AND MORTAR

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc.. Proves it Absolutely Permanent.

Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black. S

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS j

COLORING

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

r*ONT -IND Rear View or TV PC ’£ ' f?UST CLAY" FEEDER A MJXER"

Don't LetYour ProfitsRun Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 pe^- year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

rite today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO.,

The Marion Flue Blower, (patented February 23. 1909)
will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of
steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while
in commision. The accompanying cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time We furnish different sizes as required,
and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean.

Please send for our latest catalog fnlly describing this
useful invention.

Marion, Inndiana

CLHY RECORD.

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

Special Giant Brick Machine

Model “B” Dry Press

Eagle Repress

Roofing Tile Press

No. 65 Auger Brick Machine

XWWIWIW.J I

Sewer PiDe Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

9 Foot Dry Pan

Blower Dryer Apparatus

/mm

H. P. Brick Machine

Mold Sander

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the ’Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

Fire Brick— Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clev Go.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

Jk A *e<M «tfcr Jk.

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8. 1903
Brick plants installed and
putin operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

vw V V *** v* v yvw v v w*y

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

AMERICAN RING- HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30# to 60# less Speed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIKUGAI. FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 TaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co., 39 Cortland St., New York City.

Tindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWERPIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYIKOOA FILLS, 0.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES — Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES — Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14^x
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9^x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES— Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS — All sizes, open and closed.

POMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ‘‘Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street

Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURO, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and ali kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The

Lightest R

tunning

)ryer Car f

lade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works MA^wcA1TY

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

For testing paving brick.

*3 uilt to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and ‘workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

Masssive and well proportioned.
Best material.

Time tried and reliable .

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mailers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

Don’t confuse our Practical System with the so-called
Scientific Systems. We confine ourselves to the manufacture of
machinery for making brick from sand and lime; installing the
complete plant, starting and operating at our expense until at
least 100,000 brick are made before asking for a settlement.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

W,e Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

CPUIIDC Perfected

OUnilnO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The "Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL-

proven Success.

A well-tried and

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

ALL STYLES

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

^ ' (Patented.)

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STinL.ES, OHIO

CLSY RECORD.

We also manufacture complete equipment for Sewer Pipe,
Brick, Terra Cotta Drain Tile and Fire-Proofing Works

Write for Description and Price

The Means Foundry & Machine Co.

Eastern Agents

Wilson kiln & dryer co. Steubenville, Ohio

West End Trust "Bldg.

Philadelphia. Pa.

Our Dry and W et Pans are
worth your investigation

We build them eight, nine and ten feet in diameter, weighing 30 to
50,000 pounds. They have great crushing and screening capacities

Built by Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Capacity 100,000 Brick Per Day.

Why are we
always busy?

Because we study the brick business
and build kilns and dryers to suit the
conditions.

Our smoke-consuming furnaces, and
continuous waste heat system, kiln
floors, and test kilns have been in
every day use for several years and
have proven very satisfactory.

Patented July 8, 1902

Our Brick Kilns are modern in every
way, and have proven successful
wherever built.

Our Radiation Heat Dryer has more
radiating surface than any other dryer
in use.

The Kilns and Dryers are very econ¬
omical in construction and operation.
We believe we have the most satis¬
factory Kiln and Dryer system to pro¬
duce results on the market.

Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co.

West End Trust Building
Philadelphia, Pa.

Patented March 3, 1903. No. 721988

Wilson Kilns and Dr

CL .RY RECORD.

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co.

Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “ GRANITE BRICIT

My system enables the manufacturer to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

■a

61 1 CARMEN AVE.

Chicago, U.S.A,

HANDLE TOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 1 Shovel — Geo H. Clippert|& Bro., Detroit, Mich.

Especially adapted for brickyard require¬
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust-
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.

Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

OFFICE AND SHOPS 18 SLOAN STREET CHICAGO

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

CHICAGO IRON CLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

YARD SUPPLIES

STYLE "P” BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA., U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

OF ALL KINDS

TRUCKS

WE GUILD DRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE "P” CRUSHER

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY,
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
TIROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

GUARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY

MODEL SAND DRYER

% hKQhS jdh<10 KjftJO WQHfdtd {dcJOK! $

CLHV RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109
October 10, 1905. No. 95620
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

This Dryer, and the design in arranging it, are under the protection of the United States
Government by virtue of patents granted. Patents have also been taken out in all the
principal foreign countries. We are the sole owners and control these important
patents and have authorized NO ONE to manufacture or sell the “MARTIN ”

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-HUD OR STIFF-MUD DRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN DRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Hammerstein and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is
faced with over 500,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks
were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.
The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Eactories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Here's Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drij Pan:

“Answering yours of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, If not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend it to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

Bfc35

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THE D166EMINA
0P ALL MATTERS

I * PERTAinine

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DUSTER

v/'

Kilns for the Manufacture of Good Brick. ...

The Calhoun Brick Company . ' . j'

Colombian Clay Manufacturers ..!!!" .

Texas Brick Manufacturers Hold Meeting . . £,

The American Co ’s Dry Pan Department. . fri

Ibe yalue of the aay Products of Illinois in PJ08. ‘ .' .' ■>%

North Dakota Coal and Clay Deposits Studied . «?,

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer . yu

Pacific Coast News Items. ... . 5

Robert Binder Died Suddenly . . .

Revival in Iron and Steel. . . . .

New York Brick Market StifFer . ' ' ' ’

Hocking Brick Plant Progressing . . .

Obituary . ..... . ,

Hire1 Fire!! Fire!!! . .

M r. Rawson an Honorary Member of Press Club of Des Moiu-s ' ’

Accidents. Damages and I,osses
The Climax at the Powers .

"Brickyards Must Go," is Slogan of All Civic Bodies .

Court Orders Brick Company to Stop Di°-srim>

Robert Nescli off for Europe . . . . . .

Almost Complete Revival of Construction Activitc Ni d in mi»
Northwest ... - .

The Clay- Working industry of the United States ‘ . ' ' ' ' m

The Spokane Sewer Pipe Company ...

New Uses for Kansas Clays . . . . .

Firm Entertains Salesmen .

Brick Man Wins . ! ! ! ! . -

Sand or Dime Brick or Block News

Pottery Plant for Savannah . ‘ 3

Miscellaneous Items . . m°-

rjw*v (■ -. 1 j'.h' ' ■ ■ - • *■’ j ; s

K .... 1 : :>v

lit

•

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

RELIANCE MACHINE and
TOOL WORKS, si. Ms, mo.

RELIANCE

BRICK
PRESS

The Only

Machine Making
Brick Without
Granulated Centers

No Toggles
Powerful
Simple

We Design and Equip
Dry Press Brick
Plants Complete

Improved Reliance Friction Drum Hoist

STEAM OR BELT DRIVEN

Specially Adapted to
Service in Clay Plants

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Six=Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick a chines combined.

The Boyd Press has great strength and endurance, great pressure and long dwell.
Boyd Presses built 20 years ago are still in use and doing good work. Brick Presses
that last are the cheapest in the end.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL,

CHISHOLfl, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

rite foi catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

THE BOYD BRICK PRES5

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

CLHY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1300 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

CLHY RECORD.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated- cen¬
ters of the brick.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

The BERG is
f! the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

The Fernholtz Brick Press

Weighs SIXTEEN Tods, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure on Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than amj other Pry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Hoad, LOUIS, MO.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=KeIler Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

CLHY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill.

UNION BRICK MACHINES

We build these Machines in five sizes. Capacities to 10,000
brick per hour.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do first-class
work and are convenient, economical and durable. This can be
verified by investigation.

. We also build Brick Machines with separate Pug Mill.

Don't forget our Automatic Cutters. They give satis¬
faction.

State your requirements and let us furnish particulars.

E. M.

GALION

& CO.

OHIO

T PI DEC FOTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Potts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
W^ill not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘Built to T>o the Work

M anufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

&/>G

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

CLAY CRUSHERS*

Brewer Crushers are built in a great variety of kinds and sizes. There
are Conical Roll Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers,
Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in
two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white=iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.

The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in. diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in. face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized. . — -

. with no

________ __________ ______ _ _____ ______ _ __ __ . uould be con-

If Marked

_ . , , . „ . . .. . . . . „ . uc care should be exercised in

Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed spec, £Su„d and properly annealed brick.

Lo take as long to cool a brick as to burn

H. Brewer £

gentlemen, I have given you possibly a crude
rrPUMCril jp/»a as to h°w a high gra(le brick should be burnt. This
■ brings us to our subject, “Kilns Suitable for the Manu-

' facture of High Grade Brick.”

AnderSOn P 0UIR3., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building,
i - • ^ 111 . .

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “ Blue
Sky.”

CAR MADE
CAR

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER
USED WITH THE GUILDER

Vol. XXXV. No. 2. CHICAGO, JULY 30, 1909

Se m 1-Mom th) y, |1.«0 p*r T«»r
Slngl* Copies, - !• Cents

KILNS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GOOD

BRICK. *)

By J. W. Ball, Toronto, Ont.

I will try to fulfill the demand of the secretary in giv¬
ing a paper on the subject of kilns suitable for the manu¬
facture of high grade bricks. I do not know why he
should choose me for a paper of this description as there
are plenty of men present who could deal with the sub¬
ject in a much abler manner. However, I will do my
best, and if it does not come up to your expectations you
must look at the raw material.

There are many kinds of kilns on the market to-day
for the burning of clayware, viz : — updraft, downdraft,
muffle, continuous, semi-continuous, etc. These kilns
take various shapes, round, square, rectangular, etc., and
all are being used to-day with more or less success.

To burn a high grade of brick successfully in shape,
color and soundness, it has to be subjected to certain
conditions and the kiln that can produce these conditions
most effectively is the kiln most suitable for the manu¬
facture of high grade bricks.

What are the necessary conditions to bring about this
desired state of things?

Removal of Water.

The first stage of burning is the removal of the water
that is contained in the pores of the clay even after dry¬
ing. This stage is one that has an important bearing
on the final result. In this operation may be produced
damage to the brick that no subsequent operation can
remedy, and that may lessen or totally destroy their mar¬
ket value. If during this period the fires are pushed to
any great extent, it will cause the brick to suddenly ex¬
pand and forever spoil their density. To have poor cir¬
culation (which means insufficient draft, moreover, slow
evaporation) is one way to produce scum on the bricks.
It is, therefore, necessary during this stage to generate
heat slowly yet constantly with a good draft, plenty of
air and under no consideration should the temperature
be raised above boiling point for the first two or three
days.

Heat Slowly and Evenly Raised.

After the watersmoking has been carried through suc¬
cessfully and the kiln is dry, the heat can be slowly and
evenly raised with plenty of air passing into the fire¬

*) Paper read before the Convention of the Canadian Clay Products Manu¬
facturers’ Association at Brantford, to Introduce the Discussion on Kilns Suitable
for the Manufacture of High Grade Brick.

boxes to drive the heat through the entire mass of brick.

It is during this stage that all combustible matter is
taken out of the brick. A kiln of brick pushed at this
stage of burning is likely to be spoilt, but this stage of
burning can be very quickly done, providing that good
draft is maintained, plenty of air is allowed to pass in to
the fireboxes and the firing is done light and often.

Bricks damaged at this stage are likely to show a
swelled appearance. Sometimes when broken you will
find them blue and black through the section, and very
spongy. I have seen brick spoilt at this stage twice their
normal size when drawn.

Perhaps you have noticed pieces of brick that show a
very porous blue and swelled appearance. This trouble
is caused by improper treatment during the oxidation
period. The outside crust of the brick has been fused
with quick firing and closed up the pores so that the
combustible material has had no way of escape and has,
therefore, burst, become swelled or discolored in conse¬
quence. This stage of burning can be watched and its
progress noted by taking out at intervals bricks and
breaking them through. At first you will notice a black
centre with a greyish border, and as the black centre de¬
creases, the light border increases, when the black has
disappeared altogether and the whole mass has reached
a greyish color, oxidation period is practically over.

The Hardening Process.

The vitrification or hardening process comes next,
when the clay is bonded together and when it attains
its maximum density, strength and resistance to abrasion
and absorption of water.

To practical men this is the shrinkage period and it is
our aim to get the greatest amount of shrinkage without
deforming the bricks or causing them to stick together.

There are many more points of importance than those
mentioned to produce a high grade brick, viz. : — That at
all times there should not be any great change of tem¬
perature, but an even and gradual rise of heat with no
going back; and the whole mass of brick should be con¬
trolled by the dampers.

After the bricks are burnt care should be exercised in
cooling to produce a sound and properly annealed brick,
and it ought to take as long to cool a brick as to burn
it up.

Now, gentlemen, I have given you possibly a crude
idea as to how a high grade brick should be burnt. This
brings us to our subject, “Kilns Suitable for the Manu¬
facture of High Grade Brick.’’

CLKY RECORD.

Advantages of the Updraft Kiln.

As I said before, there are many kinds of kilns on the
market to-day, all being used with more or less success,
but though there are many kinds of kilns there are also
more kinds of materials, therefore, the kiln suitable for
any particular clay is a matter to be decided by the man
on the spot. However, I think it would not be amiss if
I give a few of the advantages and disadvantages of the
various kinds of kilns used to-day.

The advantages of an updraft are : —

(a) Its large capacity at moderate cost of construction.

(b) Its quickness in cooling.

(d) Its low cost of repair, etc.

Its disadvantages are the practical impossibility of
burning without considerable waste from cracked,
broken, warped and overburnt bricks, also the time and
expense in platting and covering down each time a kiln
is burnt. Nevertheless, this kind of kiln has a great ad¬
vantage over the stove kiln in quality and quantity.

Advantages of Continuous Kiln.

The advantages of a continuous kiln are : —

(a) Saving of from 50 to 60 per cent, of fuel.

(b) Larger percentage of hard brick than in the up¬
draft kiln.

Its disadvantages are : —

(a) Large investment in construction before any re¬
sults are obtained.

' (b) The unhealthy conditions to which the men are
subjected during drawing and setting hot chambers.

Advantages of Semi-Continuous Kiln.

The advantages of a semi-continuous kiln are that it
can be built to any capacity and is more economical in
setting and drawing, as the brick can be set on one side
and drawn on the other. Conveyors can be used if nec¬
essary for both setting and drawing.

The two foregoing kilns are used generally for com¬
mon brick, but in many places a really good face brick
is produced. Of course this kind of kiln with a flashing
or bag wall, so that the fuel can be kept out from
amongst the brick, will greatly add to its value as a face
brick burner, but where cheapness of production is the
prevailing feature, these kilns have a great advantage
over any other kiln being used to-day.

The Muffle Kiln.

With regard to the muffle kiln. This is used in con¬
nection with glazed brick, terra cotta, etc. I have known
a few places where it is used for face brick purposes, but
its smallness of capacity and the cost of heating through
the inner lining makes it too costly to be of any use
for face brick purposes.

The Round Down Draft Kiln.

This brings us to the round down draft kiln. This
kind of kiln is very extensively used by the sewer pipe
makers and also a large number of brickmakers, and is,
I believe, a general favorite. This kiln is no doubt the
best for small works, and will produce quality as good
as any kiln on the market.

Its advantages are : —

(a) Small cost of construction.

fb) Durability.

(d) You get a more uniformity of heat passing
through the bricks.

For salt glazing and flashing purposes it cannot be
beaten.

A great disadvantage to this kiln is its utilization of
space on the works as per its capacity.

There are two kinds of this kiln being used to-day,
one with the centre stack and one with the stack outside.

The kiln with the centre stack has an advantage over
the one with the outside stack. You can burn quicker
because the stack is sooner heated up, hence a quicker
draft from practically the first start of burning, also the
heat that has passed through the bricks has to return
via the centre and this affords the centre a better chance
of heating up, but this kind of kiln is a little lower in ca¬
pacity than the one with the stack outside. \ et, if every¬
thing is taken into consideration, with its cheapness of
construction, the speed in burning, etc., the room the
stack takes up is more than compensated, the flue ar¬
rangements more than cut in two, and the stack need not
be more than 4% inches thick. I was head burner on a
sewer pipe and brick plant with 24 kilns, and 15 of these
had 4 y2 in. stacks in the centre and we could burn any¬
thing from 3 to 10 hours quicker than the ones with the
stacks outside.

The Rectangular Down Draft Kiln.

Now we come to the rectangular down draft kiln. This
kiln has more relations than any other kiln on the market.
It is constructed in many different ways; its flueing ar¬
rangements are many and varied, but which is right or
wrong, I am not going to discuss. My subject is “Kilns
Suitable for the Manufacture of High Grade Brick,’’ not
what system or whose particular kiln is the best.

Its disadvantages are: —

(a) Its high cost of construction, bracing being espe¬
cially expensive.

(b) High cost of repairs.

(c) It does not permit of quite so uniform a distribu¬
tion of heat as the round kiln, but it can be built to a large
capacity and utilizes the yard space to the very best
advantage.

There are a few features in the down draft kiln I would
like to mention. The first thing of importance is the
draft. We hear a great deal of talk of draft to-day, a
down draft kiln should have plenty of it. A story is told
that you can always take a little bit off when you can¬
not put a little bit on. The. draft of a kiln has two pur¬
poses, one for the generating of heat and the distribution
of the same all through the bricks. The other is to draw
away moisture or any harmful gases given off by the
bricks. Another feature is that the flueing should be so
arranged that the draft is equally divided so that the heat
generated in the fire boxes shall pass through the bricks
evenly, ensuring an even burn.

Up-Draft and Down-Draft Kilns.

Now, gentlemen, the two kinds of kiln principally used
in this Dominion are up-drafts and down-drafts, there¬
fore, perhaps, it would be as well if we compared the
two kilns and judged them on their merits to produce a
high grade of facing brick and see which of the two kilns
is the most suitable for our purpose.

Personally speaking my inclinations lean very strongly
towards the down-draft kiln, although I have no doubt
there are many present here who favor the up-draft kiln.

Why do I favor the down-draft kiln?

(a) Because it can be heated more evenly and a more
steady heat is passing through the whole of the kiln.

(b) Because it is at all times under control.

(c) “ Because there is less volume of cold air passing
into the kiln through the fire boxes during firing and
what cold air does pass in comes in contact with that hot
zone between lining and bag, and by the time it reaches
the bricks it is practically hot, therefore the bricks are not
subjected to that sudden change of temperature as in a

CLHY RECORD.

up-draft kiln. 1 he bricks, are, therefore, stronger,
sounder and not so brittle, also a down-draft kiln is more
easily handled during vitrification or hardening period.

(d) Because the top of the kiln is subjected to the in¬
tense heat instead of the bottom' as in an up-draft.

(e) Because it is possible to get an even colored brick
from top to bottom and from sides to centre.

(f) Because the hot gases in a down-draft kiln can be
handled more effectively than in an up-draft.

During the finishing stages the draft can be regulated
that the gases pass more slowly through the entire mass,
hence a saving in fuel. This can be done to a certain
extent in an up-draft kiln, but not so efficiently because
in an up-draft it is somewhat difficult to find out exactly
where the draft is strongest and when you cover down it
simply goes somewhere else. I may say this perhaps is a
good feature in an up-draft kiln, but you cannot regulate
the entire mass so that it effects the whole, but with a
down-draft kiln the whole of the draft is confined to one
channel or more and with the dampers you can gradually
close it until the entire kiln is stopped for that matter.

have finished burning your bricks begin to cool and this
sometimes is a very serious matter in the manufacture of
a high grade brick.

As I said before, I do not intend to suggest whose kiln
is the best for this kind of work, but what I do say is this,
where quality is the prevailing feature in a concern that
the down-draft is the ideal kiln for the production of this
class of goods.

1 here is no doubt in the minds of some here the ques¬
tion of the cost of burning in a down-draft kiln, but this
has been discussed before and my paper does not include
this matter.

In conclusion I may say that one of the main features
in the production of a high grade of brick is whatever
kind of kiln you have got, get the man to handle them
carefully and wisely, and I think, gentlemen, you will
agree with me that the down-draft kiln properly con¬
structed and evenly flued is without doubt the ideal kiln
suitable for the manufacture of high grade bricks.

Bird’s-eye view of Calhoun Brick

Iherefore you have at all times perfect control of the
fires, the regulating of the draft, the distribution of the
heat to any part of the kiln without any unnecessary
labor or cost. 1 he time taken in doing this work is quick
and simple and effectual while in the up-draft it is much
slower, the cost greater, and by no means reliable, and a
source of trouble to burners. When burning is finished
in the down draft kiln by the manipulation of the damp¬
ers it is an easy matter, if necessary, to raise the heat a
few degrees and to hold it so that the bricks can get
well annealed before cooling. This in an up-draft kiln is
practically impossible, inasmuch as that as soon as you

company’s plant at Calhoun, Ga.

THE CALHOUN BRICK COMPANY.

The Calhoun Brick Co., was organized at Calhoun, Ga., in
1899, since then its success has been phenomenal and from a
plant with over $10,000 invested it has grown to be one of
Georgia’s most important commercial enterprises with a
capital and investment of over $125,000. It has long since
been an important factor in the growth and progress of At¬
lanta . The main office of the company is located in the
Fouilh National Bank Building. The output of the factory

GLMY RECORD,

is extensively used in the city in the erection of many of the
best buildings.

The plant is located at Calhoun, Ga. There are 175 acres
of land, all suitable for making the best high grade brick,
from the shale and clay.

Dr. W. B. Hamby, one of Atlanta’s wide awake citizens is
president and manager of the company. He is thoroughly
acquainted with the building industry and knows the value
of good building materials.

John D. Sloan is vice-president and superintendent. He
knows how to make brick and is energetic, progressive and a
hustler. By his careful ways and close study, he has thor¬

oughly established the reputation of merit of the company’s
output with the builders and brick users.

New machinery necessary for the rapid manufacture of
the brick has been added from time to time. The present
capacity of the plant is 75,000 brick a day. The company
maintains local yards in the city at which large supplies are
kept on hand. They make a specialty of their red front
brick, the kind that is now so popular at Atlanta at the pres¬
ent time. They are made of 65 per cent, shale mixed with
clay and are of a superior quality, are very lasting and dur¬
able.

The Calhoun Brick Co., has an established business in At¬

lanta which is almost boundless in its scope. But its zenith
has not been reached. Each succeeding day brings new cus¬
tomers. Each day the company makes added improvements
and facilities for handling the business in a manner pleasing
to their customers -and patrons.

With the growing scarcity and rapidly increasing high
prices of lumber, home builders are being forced to resort to
other sources for building material. These considerations
have forced brick into service as it has never been before.
It has been the means of making brick residences popular in
the cities. That this is true is evidenced by the fact that so
many brick dwellings are being erected at present, and by the
fact that no record in Atlanta shows a greater number of

buildings of this nature than that of the present and the past
few years.

The far-sightedness of the Calhoun Brick Company has
enabled them to foresee these conditions. Seeing these, they
at once set about to meet the demand that would be made for
brick for the erection of dwelling houses. They had the plant
skill and labor for turning out the goods necessary to meet
the demand. But still better, they had the material just
suited for making a brick that would stand the test and meet
all requirements that would be made by this demand.

W. A. Owen is the city salesman. He is sturdy, courteous
and enterprising and has won for himself and company,
many friends.

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Brick setting in burning kiln of Calhoun Brick company at Calhoun, Ga.

CLKY RECORD,

COLOMBIAN CLAY MANUFACTURERS.

The following information concerning clay manufac¬
tures in, and the imports of clay goods into, Colombia is
furnished by Consul-General Jay White, of Bogota:

The processes and products of Colombian clay manu¬
facture are very varied ; the latter consisting of a good
quality of decorated stoneware for table service, all kinds
of cooking utensils, receptacles for water, plant pots,
chimney tops, floor tile, drain tile, roofing tile, orna¬
mental, common, and ordinary adobe brick.

Among the poorer classes, most of the cooking utensils
consist of unglazed, ordinary red clay articles. Water
is brought and kept in a vessel of the same material. In
the construction of the cheaper houses, adobe brick is

pared to mold well. The clay is then removed, molded,
and either sun dried or placed in kilns and burned. The
pit is then refilled and the process repeated.

Roofing and drain tiles are mostly made by hand or in
hand presses.

All sorts of kilns are used, including the ordinary
Dutch type with furnaces, the entire kiln formed of brick
to be burned, and the most elaborate, continuous, up-
and-down draft, modern kiln.

The number of yards equipped with machinery in
Colombia is small, considering the amount of clay prod¬
ucts used. In the city of Bogota there are very few yards
with machinery. Up to the present time there has been
little or no demand for clay-working machinery, but on

wmmm

:>:W:

Drying kilns, at Calhoun Brick company

employed ; these houses are plastered on the outside and
whitewashed ; in the more pretentious structures adobe
brick is sometimes used for partition walls. In many
parts of the country the divsions and highway fences
consist of high walls built of adobe brick and capped
with the ordinary unglazed burned Spanish tile. In the
temperate portions of the country the same class of tile
is used for roofing.

Floor tile is also employed to a considerable extent.
Recently in Bogota a limited amount of brick pavement
has been laid. Brick is also used for sidewalks. In the
manufacture of earthenware the work is nearly all done
by hand or with the aid of foot-power machinery.

The usual manner of preparing clay for brick and tile
is to excavate a circular pit into which the clay is placed
and a pair of oxen driven about therein, water being
added from time to time until the clay is sufficiently pre-

the completion by July, 1909, of the Girardot Railway,
which will connect Bogota with the Magdalena River,
manufacturers of brick will be better able to import ma¬
chinery, and no doubt a few sales can then be made.

The latest available statistics showing the imports of
clay goods into Colombia are for the year 1905, when the
total imports amounted to 1,018,555, of which 720,640
pounds were imported from Germany, and 126,854
pounds from the United States, leaving for all other
countries only 171,061. Of the total imports from Ger¬
many, tableware, paving bricks, and tiles composed 631,-
987 pounds. The imports from the United States were
as follows, in pounds: Insulators, 1,579; bricks and tiles,
24,006; table service (stoneware, porcelain, and earthen¬
ware), 14,876; earthen, china and porcelain ware, other
than tableware, 5,140 ; earthen and stoneware pipes,
77,178; apothecaries’ utensils, 1,109.

TEXAS BRICK MANUFACTURERS HOLD

MEETING 1 - ~|

With a good demand for their product all over the state
and the outlook encouraging for better prices in the near
future, the members of the Brick Manufacturers Associa¬
tion of Texas, which convened in semi-annual session in
the assembly room of the Houston city hall at 10 o’clock
July 19th were in a very cheerful frame of mind.

Sunday the visiting delegates were the guests of the
Houston members of the association and were delight¬
fully entertained at Bettison’s pier and at Galveston.
They were conveyed to Galveston in a special coach
which left Houston with a regular early morning train.
A boat was chartered at Galveston and carried them to
Bettison’s pier, where they enjoyed an elaborate dinner
and a swim in the bay. They returned to Houston Sun¬
day night at 11 :30 and after enjoying a good night’s rest,
wherein Houston’s celebrated evening zephyr played a
conspicuous part, were in splendid condition Monday
morning to discuss the various matters of business which
the organization was called together to consider.

W. E. Weatherford of Ferris, first vice president, oc¬
cupied the chair in the absence of President W. M. Stan-
iforth of Gainesville who was unable to attend the meet¬
ing on account of a pressing business engagement. In
calling the meeting to order Mr. Weatherford took oc¬
casion to thank the Houston members for the entertain¬
ment that had been provided for the visitors, declaring
that the Houston session had been the most pleasant in
the history of the organization.

A number of topics of interest to the brick manufac¬
turers of the state were discussed, but the one which
seemed to arouse more interest than the rest was that
dealing with the condition of the market in North and
South Texas. Du Pont Lyon of Sherman and Sherman
S. Brady of Houston, were on the program for papers
Dn this subject, but Mr. Lyon could not attend the meet-
tig and -Mr. Brady excused himself on the ground that
le had not had time to compile the statistics necessary
fc> an intelligent discussion of the matter.

Brick Prices.

Mr. C. R. Sherrill, a brick manufacturer of Corsicana,
enlivened things considerably by taking his brother man¬
ufacturers of North Texas to task for selling brick too
low. “Conditions in South Texas are fairly good,” said
he, “but in North Texas they are just the reverse. The
manufacturers of that part of the state are selling brick
in South Texas cheaper than the brickmakers on the
ground can sell it. Adding the freight to the original cost
of the brick, they must be selling at a loss. Some of them,
perhaps most or all of them, do not know this, because
they do not figure the cost of their product as they
should ; but it is a fact.”

Mr. Sherrill’s assertion was borne out by Mr. J. W.
•Jones of Beaumont. The brick people of Dallas, said
Mr. Jones, are shipping brick to Beaumont and selling
them there for less money than he can afford to put them
on the market. He cited instances where buildings are

now being constructed of Dallas brick in his city, which
brick were delivered there, he said, at a lower price than
the Beaumont manufacturers could make them for.

This phase of the business was touched upon by sev¬
eral of the delegates, but no remedy for the conditions
complained of was suggeted.

The manufacturers of South Texas seem to be content
with the fact that they have a good demand for their
products at a better price than obtains in the northern
part of the state, and appear to be willing for their com¬
petitors of that section to get all the business they can
in the coast country. They were a little inclined to chaff
the Dallas contingent on the condition of the trade in
that division of the state.

Texas Face Brick.

Another subject of interest was the manufacture of
face, or front, brick in Texas to compete with the St.
Louis manufacturers. In the course of the discussion it
developed that most of the “face” brick used in Texas
are shipped from the Missouri metropolis. Speaking for
the “face” brick manufacturers of Texas, Mr. Cal Swartz
of the Texas Fire Brick Company of Corsicana said the
yards of Texas can turn out as good material as come
from the St. Louis kilns. His own firm, he said, had re¬
cently closed a contract for 1,500,000 gray face brick
which he said would compare with the best of the prod¬
ucts of St. Louis or any other place. He admitted, how¬
ever, that steps will have to be taken to keep this trade
at home, agreeing that the bulk of it now goes to St.
Louis.

Keeping the Cost of Production was another topic
of general interest. All the manufacturers admitted the
need for a more systematic method of figuring the cost
of tlieii pioducts. Several plans were suggested and
discussed, but no one especially was indorsed by the as¬
sociation as a whole.

The history of the mud brick was related in an en¬
tertaining paper by Mr. M. IC. Sachs of Houston. The
old mud brick, he said, has had an interesting past, but
the future looks far from bright. The improvement in
“stiff mud” and dry press machinery has revolutionized
the brick business and the end of the old mud brick, Mr.
Sachs predicts, is not far off.

The afternoon s session of the association was interest-
ing in many ways. It was brought out that while there
was no price cutting on the surface that as a matter of
fact some of the makers were giving larger brick than
the standaid called for and that price cutting was in¬
dulged in in this way.

While there was considerable discussion of the price
raising question, there was no action taken in the matter,
this being left for each manufacturer to decide for him¬
self.

Charge Discrimination.

When the statement was made during the session of
the convention that the brick manufacturers of Southwest
Texas were discriminating against one another by means
of making brick larger than the standard size adopted by

CLKY RECORD

the association several years ago it resulted in quite
a discussion between the manufacturers of North Texas
and those of South Texas.

The North Texas brick men contended that they have
been living up to the standard size of the association,
while their competitors in South Texas were making
brick in many sizes larger than the standard scale.

It was stated that not any two factories in South Texas
were making brick of the same size and that as a result
it would be impossible to interchange brick of different
factories should the occasion ever arise.

The discussion regarding the alleged violation of the
association’s standard size brick arose while W. O. Fitch
of San Antonio was relating his experience in making
sand and lime brick. He stated that the manufacturing
of sand and lime brick in Texas had proven a failure and
that several concerns which undertook to turn out brick
of that character were forced to the wall. It was while
he was talking of the competition between the brick
manufacturers of the State that the statement was made
that the manufacturers of South Texas were disregard¬
ing the association’s standard size for the manufacture
of brick.

“It takes 1,167 Laredo brick to make 1,000 of the brick
manufactured at Gonzales,” stated one member of the
association from Seguin, “and that tends to show the
difference in the size of the brick made by the Texas
tnanufacturers.”

Method of Cutting Prices

The making of large brick, it was argued, resulted in
a benefit to only the owners of buildings, while from the
Standpoint of the manufacturer it was a method of cut-

ting prices in a way other than actually reducing the
sales prices.

During the discussions regarding the size of bricks the
secretary was ordered to notify those manufacturers who
are not making brick of the uniform size to immediately
comply with the. standard adopted by the association.

The standard adopted by the association for the manu¬
facture of brick is 21/4x81/± inches, while some of the large
brick being turned out are as much as one-fourth of an
inch thicker.

Law Protecting Material Men.

Another important matter which received favorable
attention at the hands of the convention was that of en¬
deavoring to secure the passage of a law protecting
material men and mechanics as well from loss at the
hands of irresponsible contractors.

In his discussion of the lien laws of Texas with ref¬
erence to the protection afforded the brickmakers and
other material men as well, C. R. Sherrill of Corsicana
requested the members of the association to urge their
representatives to secure the passage of a law similar to
that in effect in Missouri.

In their efforts to obtain the passage of such a law,
the brick manufacturers will endeavor to secure co-opera¬
tion of the labor organizations of the State, who are as
much interested in the passage of such a law as the ma¬
terial men.

At the last meeting of the association a committee
was appointed to look into this matter and recently a
motion was adopted requesting the members of the com¬
mittee to act as quickly as possible in order that the labor
organizations might be communicated with as early as
possible.

Fred S. Naugle, representing the American Clay Ma¬
chinery Company of Bucyrus, Ohio, was an interested
visitor to the sessions of the Brick Manufacturers’ As¬
sociation. “The past few years have witnessed some re¬
markable changes in the brick business,” said he, “and I
believe the next five will bring changes still more won¬
derful. For ages the brick-making industry stood in
one place. Up until 30 years ago most, if not all, our
brick were made just as they were made in the time of
Pharaoh. I hen came the brick-making machine, and the
industry was revolutionized. Today we can make hun¬
dreds of brick in the time it took to make one years ago.
And in no other field that I know of is there so much
activity as is manifest at present in the brick machinery
industry. Every year brings devices more wonderful
than those of the year just gone, and still the machinery
people are striving to cut down the time and expense
required to make brick. It is hard to say where it will
stop. It is certain that the limit of ingenuity has not
been reached yet, for men are at work on inventions now
which if perfected will make our most modern machines
seem crude by comparison.”

Mr. Naugle gave an interesting demonstration of a
brick setting device manufactured by his house. The
demonstration was given at the Princess theatre, and
was illustrated with moving pictures. Most of the dele¬
gates to the Manufacturers’ Association witnessed the
exhibition and were unstinted in their praise of the con¬
trivance.

Delegates Present.

The following delegates were in attendance upon the
morning session : E. T. Cole, Ferris ; W. D. Ferrs, Ennis ;
M. K. Sachs, Houston ; C. R. Sherrill, Corsicana ; W. E.
Weatherford, Dallas; F. Geldersma, Dayton, Ohio; A.
S. Jackson, Carrolton ; G. W. Derby, Laredo; W. O.
Fitts, San Antonio ; W. H. Yersey, Brenham ; S. S.
Brady, Houston; J. M. Harry, Dallas; W. J. and Frank¬
lin Greene, Paris ; O. O. Jones, St. Louis ; W. H. Light-
house, Houston; P. J. Carle, San Antonio; R. B. Sherrer,
Garrison: Cal Swartz, Corsicana; Fred S. Naugle, Bu¬
cyrus, Ohio; J. W. Jones, Beaumont; J. S. Brocken-
b rough, Jr., Waco; A. L. Branson, Marlin; J. O. Atkins,
Ferris, and O. G. Pearson, Seguin.

W. E. W eatherford, vice president of the association,
who is connected with a big concern at Ferris, but whose
office is in Dallas, expressed the views of every one of
the delegates present when he informed a reporter that
while the demand for brick is good all over the entire
state, prices have been a little short of satisfactory since
the panic of unpleasant memory. “We hope for better
things in the near future, however,” said he. “The de¬
mand now is every bit as good as it was before the panic,
but it will take a little time to get the prices back where
they were then.”

Exactly the same sentiment was expressed by Andrew
Jackson, secretary-treasurer of the Carrolton Press Brick
Company of Carrolton, F. J. Carle of the D’Hannis
Brick and Tile Company of D’Hannis, and a dozen others
who were seen. On the whole the brick men have but
little to complain of, with the outlook for the fall trade
better than it has been for vears.

THE AMERICAN CO.’S DRY PAN DEPART¬
MENT

Here is a photographic view of the commodious Grind¬
ing Pan Department of the largest manufacturers of
clay forging machinery in the world. It shows where
the dry and wet grinding pans of this concern are made.
There are a dozen pans shown on the floor in various
stages of completion and in size ranging from a five foot
up to a nine foot. These pans are all being built on
order and not for stock. Years ago when the American
Clay Machinery Co., of Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A., made
its first pan it was in the corner of their factory, just
room enough in which to set up the pan. 1 hat original
pan was built on new and improved lines. It was a de¬
parture from any other appliance and it had distinctiv e

building these pans for years. Constantly building pans
has made them proficient, fl here is not only ability for
doing things well but the possibility of doing them
quickly because of the day in and day out familiarity
which their long experience has given them. This not
only means a better machine for the buyer but a better
price because of the better facilities and expedition in
building. It is safe to say that an American Clay Ma¬
chinery company machine is a better value at twice the
price of a less carefully built machine. Clay workers,
who have witnessed the construction of machinery in the
plant of this company are satisfied of the value that is in
the machines. Those who have operated the machines
know that the value is there and that the investment
pays more than the added cost there might be between a

The Dry Pan Department ot the American Clay Machinery Co

features of merit. That this is true to the letter may be
better appreciated when it is stated that the original pan
is still in operation. From the small beginning has been
built up the largest dry and wet pan factory in the world.
Quality is the foundation upon which this big business
has been built, and that same watchword “quality” has
never been lost sight of in the construction of this com¬
pany’s long line of machinery which includes every ma¬
chine and appliance for making every kind of clay prod¬
ucts by all processes. This pan building department is
superintended by a pan expert who helped to build the
first pan and has been at it ever since. He is at the head
of a crew of workmen, equally capable, who have been

good and a poor machine. Every clay worker in the
world is invited to visit this plant and see the care and
system with which the machinery is built. It will do
more to convince you than a barrel of printers’ ink or a
dozen letters. The American Clay Machinery Co., of
Bucyrus, U. S. A., is by far the largest concern in the
world building machinery for making products from clay.

John Schurs, of Los Angeles, Cal., is meeting with all
kinds of success with his oil burners. We illustrated
and described them in the last issue and hope you did
not overlook it it you are considering burning brick with
oil.

CLAY RECORD. 25

THE VALUE OF THE CLAY PRODUCTS OF
ILLINOIS IN 1908.

E. F. Lines, State Geological Survey.

The report on the value of the mineral products of Illinois
for 1908 which have been obtained by the State Geological
Survey in co-operation with the Federal Survey shows that
the clay industries have shared the effect of the financial
stringency of 1907. The total of the values reported of the
clay products in Illinois for 1908 is $11,425,575 which is $1,-
794,9*4 or 13.5 per cent, less than for 1907, when the total
was $13,220,489.

Among the leading industries the greatest decrease in the
1908 production as compared with that of 1907 was in the
output of common brick, the 1908 total being 25 per cent, less
than that for 1907. The average price in 1908 which was
$4.34 a thousand was almost exactly the same as in 1907.
This low average is due to the large quantity of brick that
have been sold in Chicago at very low prices. Outside the
influence of the Chicago market the prices of common brick
ranged from $6 a thousand to $8 in small towns.

The paving brick industry not only held its own but
showed a substantial gain during 1908, the increase over
1907 amounting to 11.8 per cent. The average price per
thousand advanced from $11.08 to $11.71. The highest pro¬
portionate gain was made by drain tile with an increase of
37 per cent. The figures for sewer pipe show a loss of 22.6
per cent, and for pottery 14.6 per cent.

A summary of the values of clay and the leading clay
products for 1907 and 1908 are shown in the following table :
VALUE OF CLAY PRODUCTS IN ILLINOIS IN 1907 AND 1908

Percentage of

Product 1907 1908 Increase ( + )

Decrease ( — )

Common brick . $6,499,777 $4*873,122 — 25.0

Paving brick . 1,405*821 1,572,576 +n.8

Drain tile . 1,031,192 1.413,424 +37.0

Sewer pipe . 662,487 512,340 — 22.6

Pottery . 935*312 797*954 —146

Miscellaneous . 2,685,900 2,256,159 — 15.9

Total . $13,220,489 $11,425,575 —13-5

Raw clay . 105,703 114,481 + 8.3

The value of the raw clay is not included in the total value
of the clay products for the reason that the major part of
the clay is used within the state in the manufacture of sewer
pipe, stoneware and terra cotta. The figures for the latter
which is one of the leading clay products of the state are not
published because of the custom of the Survey not to publish
totals in which less than three producers are represented.

The value of all the mineral products of Illinois in 1908
amounted to $130,576,694 as against $152,221,284 in 1907, a
loss of 14.2 per cent. It appears therefore that the business
of the clay industries last year compared favorably with the
mineral industry as a whole and although there was consid¬
erable loss in mineral products in Illinois this loss was less
than the average for other states in the majority of which
the losses amounted to from 20 per cent, to 25 per cent.

The following table shows the values of each of the leading
mineral industries in Illinois in 1907 and 1908 an<3 the per¬
centage of gain or loss in 1908.

VALUES OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF ILLINOIS IN

1907 AND 1908.

Value in Value in Percentage of
Product 1907 1908 Increase ( + )

Decrease ( — )

Coal . $54,687,382 $49*936,159 — 8.7

Pig iron (est.) - 52,229,000 30,135,000 —43-3

Petroleum . 16,432,947 22,648,881 +37-8

Clay . 13,351*362 11,540,056 —13.5

Spelter (est.) . 6,614,608 5,928,792 — 10.3

Limestone .

• • 3,77 4*346

3,122,552

—17-3

Portland cement..

2,632,576

2,707,044

+ 2.8

Sand & gravel . . .

1,367,653

1,553,020

+ 13-6

Lime .

559,305

393,951

—29-5

Natural gas .

143,577

270,360

+88.3

Fluorspar .

141,971

192,179

+35-3

Mineral water. . . .

91,760

58,904

+35-8

Lead ore (est.) . .

61,628

24,578

— 60.1

Amorphus silica. .

17,884

Sandstone .

14,996

12,218

-18.5

Silver (est.) .

1,900

L356

—28.6

*Miscellaneous . .

67,164

2,033,760

Total .

. .$152,221,284 $

130,576,694

14.2

^Includes 1908, coke and by-products, pyrite, sand-lime
brick and natural cement.

Includes T907, infusorial earth, metallic paint, quartz, si¬
enna, umber and sand lime brick.

In most cases the gain or loss in value is nearly parallel to
the gain or loss in quantity. The figures for Portland cement
however are a conspicuous exception to this rule. The gain
of 2.8 per cent in the value of the Portland cement output in
1908 falls far short of expressing the gain in quantity. This
increased from 2,036,093 barrels in 1907 to 3,211,168 in 1908,
a gain of 57.7 per cent. The low gain in value is due to the
fact that the average price per barrel dropped from $1.29 in
1907 to 84 cents in 1908.

The detailed report for Illinois mineral production in 1908
is shown in circular No. 5 and may be obtained by sending
two cents postage to the State Geological Survey, Urbana,
Illinois.

- > » « — -

NORTH DAKOTA COAL AND CLAY
DEPOSITS STUDIED.

North Dakota has vast deposits of clay and extensive
fields of lignite in the western part of the state, and those
who have given the question of developing the state s
resources proper study are convinced that the clay beds
and lignite fields will in time furnish the raw material
for growing industries and contribute much to the pros¬
perity of the state.

No one in the state has given more attention to the
coals and clays than Prof. Earl J. Babcock, dean of the
school of mines at Grand Forks.

Under his direction more than fifty methods of briquet¬
ting lignite have been worked out in an experimental
way. Nearly all will produce briquettes or brick suffi¬
ciently tenacious to permit handling and shipping, but
Mr. Babcock is not satisfied that any of the methods can
be made commercially profitable. He is confident, how¬
ever, of attaining his object. Then North Dakota, he
says, will supply cheap and desirable fuel to the entire
north.

Mr. Babcock and his associates have given much at¬
tention to the clays and have achieved splendid results.
Brick, of course, has been made for many years, but Mr.
Babcock wants the state to produce all the sewer and
drain tile, enameled brick, fireproof and roofing tile and
ornamental terra cotta.

In the state fair booth under the control of the Uni¬
versity of North Dakota, he shows sewer pipe, enameled
brick and many kinds of tile and terra cotta made in the
school of mines, and which he is willing to have subjected
to any tests given to similar products.

A fine quality of pottery clay is found in several parts
of the state. A batch was sent to a well known pottery
concern in Zanesville, Ohio, and some beautiful articles
have been returned. The ware has a warm gray color
of varying tints.

CLHY RECOFtu-

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

919,781. Knee-joint Dry Press. Johann Schuring, Jr.,
Zeitz, Germany. Filed Mar. 2, 1907. Serial No. 360,170.

In combination, a mold box, a stamp, link mechanism con¬
nected with said stamp, a crank shaft, a connecting device
associated with said crank shaft and link mechanism where¬
by a power compression of the stamp is effected, and means
associated with said connecting device to effect a prelimi¬
nary compression by said stamp.

In combination, a mold box, a stamp, mechanism con¬
nected with said stamp, a crank shaft, a connecting device
associated with said mechanism and crank shaft whereby a
power compression of said stamp is effected, and means as¬
sociated with said connecting device for effecting a plurality
of gravity compression strokes of said stamp.

919,902. Kiln. Fred Macarthy, Sayreville, N. J., as¬
signor, of one-half to Sayre & Fisher Company, Sayreville,
N. J., a Corporation of New Jersey. Filed Aug. 19, 1908.
Serial No. 449,210.

An updraft kiln comprising a chamber having sides B
and a floor and also having openings in its floor and said

sides B, dampers arranged on the floor of the chamber and
adapted to be moved by means introduced through the open¬
ings in the sides B, parallel flues extending horizontally di¬
rectly below the floor of the chamber, conduits extending
laterally outward from the sides of the flues and upwardly
and connecting the flues and the said openings in the floor
of the chamber, pavings arranged outside of and adjacent
said sides B and in a plane below that of the chamber floor,
furnaces arranged in alinement and direct communication

with the ends of the flues and extending partly inside and
partly outside said sides B ; each of said furnaces including
an outer ash-pit extending considerably below the paving
and open at its upper side, an inner fire space, and an in¬
clined grate arranged between said ash-pit and fire space
and extending outside the said sides B, and fillings between
the ash-pits, extending up to the level of the pavings, and
cold air ducts extending inwardly alongside the furnaces
and flues and having lateral branches communicating with
said conduits.

920,050. Drying Apparatus. Robert Grauer, Los An¬
geles, Cal. Filed Feb. 14, 1908. Serial No. 415,989.

In drying apparatus, in combination, a case forming a
drying chamber, a trough therein having a curved perfor¬
ated bottom, a shaft above said bottom, extending longi¬
tudinally thereof, stirring means carried by said shaft
adapted to advance material along said trough, a semi cy¬
lindrical screen above said trough and inclosing said stir¬
ring means, the lower portion of said screen resting upon
the upper edge of said trough and means for rotating said
shaft to move material along said trough.

■921,255. Drier System for Clay Products. Ithamar M.
Justice, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to The C. W. Raymond Co.,
Dayton, Ohio, a Corporation of Ohio. Filed Oct. 5, 1908.
Serial No. 456,215.

In a drier, a series of non-communicating drying tunnels,
a corresponding series of non-communicating flue tunnels

below said drying tunnels, a system of trackage between the
drying tunnels and the flue tunnels, a heat-radiating flue in
each of the flue tunnels, said heat-radiating flues being en¬
tirely separated from the flue tunnels in which they are lo¬
cated, so that suitable heating space is provided in the flue
tunnels for each of the heat-radiating flues, means at one
end of the tunnels for generating heat for the heat-radiat¬
ing flues, means for admitting air to said flue tunnels at the
heat-generating end, a cross tunnel at the other end of said
tunnels into which the heat-radiating flues discharge, and a
stack affording an outlet for said cross tunnel, and for the
drying tunnels, the drying tunnels discharging into said

stack above the cross tunnel, substantially as specified.

- ♦-*-* -

Have you investigated the Marion flue blower as made
by the Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co. of
Marion, Ind., and advertised on page 37 of this issue.
If you have not its pretty near time to investigate. We
can only put these labor and time saving devices before
you.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

Building operations have not been as heavy in San
r ran cisco during the last month as had been hoped
and it is not to be expected that there will be any ab¬
normal developments in this line from now on ’ The
pressing demand for buildings in the downtown district
for business purposes has been met and it is declared
that there is now much more floor space in the business
section than before the fire notwithstanding the fact that
there are still a number of lots that have not been built
upon. I here is still a demand for stores but the need
for offices has been more than met and low buildings will
be the rule from now on. It was thought a few months
ago that there would soon be a large amount of munic¬
ipal work to be done but some of the largest projects have
been held up and it is uncertain when they can be carried
out. At a late election the proposition of erecting a new
city hall came up, but the idea of establishing a new
civic center was defeated and nothing can be done for a
time either in the line of building on a new or the old
site. Work has commenced on a new hall of justice on
Kearny street and contracts have been let for the brick
work. This is the largest piece of municipal work now
under way.

During the past two weeks there has been an upward
turn in the brick market and the low prices that pre¬
vailed for a time have been supplanted by the rates that
have been in force since about the commencement of the
3^ar> Although brick was offered for a time at from
$7.50 to $8.50 a thousand it is not thought that much
material changed hands at those reduced rates. Most of
the contractors had contracted their supplies for the sum¬
mer at the established rate of $9.00 a thousand and were
not in a position to take on added supplies at the figures
offered. Several of the large brick making concerns ope¬
rating in the vicinity of San Francisco are preparing to
close down their plants as soon as the present runs of
brick are finished as it is not desired to go into the win¬
ter season with much of a surplus stock.

During the past month several prominent operators
here have been compiling figures designed to show the
annual consumption of brick in this market and the ca¬
pacity of the plants located in the bay region. It is stated
thatra,iVejiy conservative estimate of the amounts used
will fall a little short of 100,000,000 brick a year while the
capacities of the plants, with the additions now being
placed in position, will total 300,000,000. Of course a
small portion of this output may be shipped to othei
points but the bulk of it must be marketed here. It can
thus be seen that a curtailment of the output is
an absolute necessity and the probabilities are that
a number of the smaller plants not located advanta¬
geously will be closed down entirely. It is only the plants
located within easy reach of cheap transportation facili¬
ties that are now increasing their equipment and if the
present low prices continue it is but a question of time
until these plants will be the only ones to be operated.

Gladding, McBean & Co. have been awarded the con¬
tract for furnishing the architectural terra cotta to be
used m the new Columbia theater building in course of
erection at Geary and Mason streets, San Francisco and
are now busy turning out the material at the Lincoln
plant. Mr. Spier, who is in the employ of the potterv com-
panv and Mr. Wood, supervising engineer for the archi¬
tects, Bhss & Faville, were in Lincoln a short time ago
to inspect the material that is being turned out. The
o?-'CL°me tprra cotta work that will be in evidence on
this theatre is declared to be superior to any in the coun¬
try m point of style and richness of color. The general
ornamentation is to follow the lines of the ancient style

of playhouse architecture and the ceramic work is to be
one of the finest examples of the art. The work has been
aid out by J. B. DeGolyer, who has charge of the terra
cotta work for Gladding, McBean & Co. and the work
is being done under the immediate supervision of L. P.
Singer, an eastern man, and "V . G. Schneider, whose work
m modeling is well known both here and in Europe.

One of the largest contracts of the past few months
has been secured by the \\ estern Building Materials
Company and this concern will furnish several million
brick to be used in the construction of buildings for
Mysell-Rollins & Co. ,

N. Clark & Sons, who operate a plant in East Oakland,
have a number of fair-sized- contracts now on hand and
the plant is working to full capacity. They are now send¬
ing tei i a cotta to San Francisco for the building of Gold¬
berg, Bowen & Co., the wholesale grocers, and are work¬
ing on a gray pressed brick that will be used in facing the
new ten story building of Kohler & Chase, a local music
house. The tiling for the roof of the new library at the
University of California at Berkeley is also being fur¬
nished by this firm.

The Mount Shasta \ olcanic Hollow T. ile & Cement Co.
has commenced operations at Igerna, Cal.

The King City Brick & Enamel Works at Kings City
will begin operations as soon as the machinery can be
placed in position.

_ Peterson has removed his brick plant from Holt-

ville to El Centro and will have it ready for operation
again within a very short time.

The California Fireproof Construction Company, which
owns a plant at Terra Cotta, Cal., will resume operations
there soon after a long shut down. The firm manufac¬
tures hollow tile for fireproofing chiefly.

^ Vi ord has been received here that the Simon Brick
Company, of Los Angeles, is branching out and that
olans have been made for the establishment of a plant for
the manufacture of hollow tile at El Centro, Cal., where
some fine clay beds are controlled.

The three new kilns of the Corona Pressed Brick &
Terra Cotta Co., of Corona, Cal., have been finished and
are being used. Preparations are now being made for the
installation of three additional ones as more business is
being offered than can be taken care of at the present
time. The town of Y\ hittier has just been furnished with
over thirty-five miles of sewer pipe from this factory.

The Rainier Face Brick & Clay Co. has been incor-
poiated at Portland, Ore., and work on a factory will be
commenced at once.

The Taulatin Brick & Tile Co. has been incorporated
recently at Portland, Ore.

ROBERT BINDER DIED SUDDENLY.

Robert Binder, president of the Yoke Vitrified Brick
Co., Coffeyville, Kansas, who has been in ill health for
about a month, dropped dead at The Lorraine, 203 West
Eighth street, where Mr. and Mrs. Binder have been
rooming.

Mr. Binder was taken with an attack three days before,
brought on by the heat, and was compelled to remain in
bed. He had made no complaints of feeling any worse
and had been moving around a little, when he suddenly
fell over and was dead almost immediately.

Business reverses have caused him to worry a great
deal the past few weeks and it was feared his mind was
giving away under the strain..

Mr. and Mrs. Binder came here about a year ago from
Adrian, Michigan, where the body will probably be
taken for burial.

CLHY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. JULY 30, 1909. No. 2

•«| like to read American advertisements. They are (n
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
yery time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills.— John Wanamaker.

It is as easy to be foolish as it is foolish to be easy.

Never condemn a man’s foolish action until you get
wise to his game.

If you would dodge your creditors don’t become
famous.

What terrible destruction there would be if men kicked
as hard physically as they do mentally.

“Money and trouble are synonymous,” says a millionaire.
Perhaps they are, but it’s a lot easier to borrow trouble.

The man who doesn’t know one note from another is
always getting next to things that are selling for a song.

It is estimated that of the 14 or 15 million buildings in
the United States, less than 10,000 are even moderately
fireproof, and less than 1,000 can be called practically fire¬
proof. The wealth destroyed by fires in ordinary years
is in excess of the entire value of the fireproof building
material produced, such as brick, hollow tile, terra cotta
and roofing tile, but with the awakening of public senti¬
ment against the construction of fire-trap buildings it is
to be expected that the demand for fireproof building ma¬

terial will increase by leaps and bounds and that in a few
years more the greater portion of this waste will be obvi¬
ated and its value utilized toward the construction of
more fireproof buildings. The reduction of insurance
premiums and saving in cost of maintenance will in about
ten years equal the excess of cost of a practically fireproof
building over one not fireproof. Improved methods of
construction will do more than legislation to bring insur¬
ance rates down, because they will reduce losses and the
reduction of fire losses is the surest way to reduce rates.

REVIVAL IN IRON AND STEEL.

R. G. Dun & Co.’s review of trade says:

“No one can now question the substantial character of
the revival in the iron and steel trade, which is rising rap¬
idly to high water mark levels. The output of the principal
producers already has reached a moderate percentage of
full capacity, and railroads as well as builders in leading
branches of construction work are in the market with their
orders. This wonderful change, in a short period, in the
activity of the greatest manufacturing industry of the coun¬
try; the bright outlook for the crops, that of corn giving
promise of an precedented yield; the cheapness of money;
and the fact that the tariff bill has been passed by the sen¬
ate are the conspicuous features of the business situation.
Naturally they serve to strengthen the newborn confidence
and to encourage new enterprises.

NEW YORK BRICK MARKET STIFFER.

A stiffening in the brick market, with prices remaining
firm, characterized the week in the Hudson clay burning
industry. The manufacturers are not shipping as plen¬
tifully as heretofore, but they are sending down a better
quality. The Hudson river yards are now working full
time, trying to catch up with the demand, but none of
them has any stock ahead to speak of. Locally it is a
case of rushing through with the old work to take on
new business in the fall. Hardly anybody has any buoy¬
ant expectations for the summer. Some distributors
complained of having difficulty in getting sufficient trucks
to get bricks to jobs. This was not general, however.

HOCKING BRICK PLANT PROGRESSING.

It is stated that the new brick manufacturing plant of
the Columbus & Hocking Coal & Iron Co. at the newly-
founded town of Kachelmacher, Ohio, is already turning
out brick at the rate of from 60,000 to 75,000 a day. Con¬
struction on the plant is being pushed rapidly and its
completion to the contemplated full capacity of 250,000
a day is declared to be in sight, as this is merely a ques¬
tion of the addition of units of production, each unit rep¬
resenting a daily capacity of 60,000. It is estimated
that when completed these works will have had $1,000,-
000 expended upon them. It is expected to be the largest
brick plant in the country, and in time will embrace in
its scope of production practically everything in the line
of clay products that can be turned out at a profit.

. OBITUARY.

Robert Binder, president of the Globe Vitrified Brick
Co., Coffeyville, Kansas, dropped dead at the Lorraine,
where he and his wife were living. He had been in ill
health for about a month. He came from Adrian, Mich.,
about a year ago and bought the Yoki plant.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

The plant of the West End Brick works at Punxsu-
tawney, Pa., was practically destroyed by fire, causing
a loss of $10,000.

The Rome (Ga.) Brick company, located one mile be¬
yond the city limits was totally destroyed by fire, caus¬
ing a loss of over $50,000. Insurance $30,000. The prin¬
cipal stockholders were Messrs. Rounsville, and Albert
McGhee. Reu Rounsville was the manager.

The Miller City (O.) Tile Co., was destroyed by fire.
The plant was recently rebuilt and partly covered by in¬
surance.

The plant of the Hanover (O.) Pressed Brick Co.,
suffered a loss by fire. The damage was about the kilns
and kiln sheds.

The plant of the Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Co.
was practically destroyed by fire causing a loss of $25,-
000 with $15,000 insurance. Supposed to be started
from a spark from a switch engine. The plant was only
recently removed from Hastings, Neb., and it will be re¬
built at once. A. H. Farrens is president, L. D. Richards,
vice president and Allen D. Hopkins, secretary and man¬
ager, C. H. Christensen, treasurer.

- - - - -

MR. RAWSON AN HONORARY MEMBER OF
PRESS CLUB OF DES MOINES

Charles A. Rawson, president of the Iowa Pipe and
Tile and the Des Moines Brick and Tile companies, and
the representative of Grinnell college on the intercol¬
legiate games committee, is the first man in Des Moines
to become an honorary member of the Press Club of Des
Moines.

Mr. Rawson’s application for membership was received
by C. C. Nye, secretary of the executive committee of
the club. Mr. Rawson is known to every newspaper man
in Des Moines and is enthusiastic over the organization
now being formed by the members of the press.

Many other Des Moines men now have applications
for honorary membership before the executive committee
of the club. Over seventy Des Moines men connected
with various publications are active members and within
the next two weeks it is expected the number will be
doubled. Many newspaper editors and reporters from
different cites throughout the state have joined as non¬
resident members.

The entertainment committee of the club met in the
club rooms on Locust street to arrange for the mammoth
banquet to be tendered Senators Dolliver and Cummins
and Congressman J. A. T. Hull when they return from
Washington. Fully 300 newspaper men of Iowa are ex¬
pected to attend the home coming for the Washington
delegation.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES, ANE LOSSES

John A. McDonald has been appointed receiver for the
Dow Brick Co., Columbus, Ohio. It is claimed that the
company is perfectly solvent.

Guy Poland was seriously injured at the Coffeyville
(Kan.) shale brick works by the machinery being started
and his legs being caught and badly mashed.

A suit for $25,000 damages has been filed against the
Sheffield (la.) Brick & Tile Co. for the death of B. W.
Neal, who was killed by dynamite last winter.

A. T. Pittman was painfully injured by an engine run¬
ning into him and his horse and dump cart at the works
of the Iowa Pipe & Tile Co., at Des Moines, la.

Martin Brennan was overcome by the heat at the Em-
metsville (la.) Tile works and fell from the kiln to the
ground and sustained severe bruises and several broken
ribs.

The Bank of Mountain View has sued the Wheeland
Brick Co., a Mountain View Cali company for $10,000
due on a loan where 1,000,000 brick were pledged to
pay it.

Edward J. Collins and Seward U. Round have filed
their bonds as receivers of the Bartlett Brick Co., New¬
burgh, N. Y. It is expected the affairs of the company
will be straightened out.

The plant of the Zanesville (O.) Tile Co. will be sold
as soon as possible by order of the court, and the re¬
ceiver has been authorized to pay the second dividend
of 20 per cent to the creditors. L. E. Dodd was appointed
special master commissioner to sell the plant.

Archbishop John J. Glennon has sued the Evans &
Howard Fire Brick Co., St. Louis, Mo. for $5,000 dam¬
ages to the property of the St. Janies church at 1360
Tamm Ave. He alleges the church property is cracked
and undermined at one corner by the company.

THE CLIMAX AT THE POWERS

Unique among modern stage offerings is “The Cli¬
max,” a drama in three acts by Edward Locke, with a
musical refrain by Joseph Carl Breil, which will be pre¬
sented by Joseph M. Weber’s carefully selected players.
In “The Climax” three problems are utilized in con¬
structing the foundation of the play, any one of which
would provide sufficient material upon which to base the
average play. Primarily we have that much discussed
question as to whether a Bohemian atmosphere and a
stage career ultimately disqualify a woman for association
with the more exclusive of her sex. In fact, the eternal
question as to the morality of the actress and opera
singer.

Secondly, we have the idea, so much exploited of late,
that of mental suggestion, whereby the will of one person
in some particular instance, becomes so subservient to
that of another that a whole line of action may be indi¬
cated and carried out. The third problem is that unan¬
swerable question as to whether a woman with a wonder¬
ful voice is better engaged in singing lullabies than in
electrifying an audience. These ideas are interwoven
in “The Climax” forming the most unusual and thor¬
oughly delightful play of the period. The initial per¬
formance of this play will be given at Powers theatre
on Monday evening, August 2nd.

GLMY RECORD.

“BRICKYARDS MUST GO,” IS SLOGAN OF
CIVIC BODIES

One of the most universally popular moves Mayor R.
W. Speer has made since he went into office is the move¬
ment now afoot to drive all brickvards beyond the cor¬
porate limits of Denver.

Not only are the people, generally, on the side of the
mayor, but he can also count upon the earnest support
of all the local civic and commercial organizations.

As a matter of municipal pride and for thie benefit of
public health, the foremost citizens, allied with the lead¬
ing business organizations, regardless of partisan feeling
or other motives, hasten to assure Mayor Speer that he
may have their hearty support to pass his proposed ordi¬
nance to move all brickyards from the citv bv Jan. 1,
1910. ' '

The Chamber of Commerce, the Real Estate Exchange,
the State Commercial association, Traffic club and other
bodies thoroughly agree with Mayor Speer in his declar¬
ation that no modern, beautiful and well conducted city
should permit obnoxious brickyards to be maintained
within the corporate limits.

“The brickyards must certainly go,” says Dr. Frank
L. Bartlett, president of the Chamber of Commerce.

“This ordinance expelling them from within the city
limits has long been talked of and I sincerely, hope Mayor
Speer and the council will put it through this time.

\\ hy, if something isn’t done immediately, half the
city will be undermined and then the other half will be
engulfed. The brickyard owners act as if they owned
the entire city and could dig it up to make bricks on our
front porches if they so desired.

A\ e are now talking about making Denver really the
‘city beautiful,' but the first important step in that di¬
rection will be to drive out the brickyards. They are
not only an eyesore in all sections of the city, bu/ they
are a menace to public health as well.”

1 lie real estate exchange will also give Mayor Speer
any assistance he may require to draft and pass an or¬
dinance forbidding the establishment or operation of a
brickyard within the city limits of Denver after Tan 1
1910. ' J ' ’

I am confident that the members of the real estate
exchange, to a man, are in favor of an anti-brickyards
ordinance for Denver, says C. A. Johnson, vice presi¬
dent of the real estate exchange.

1 he brickyards which are being operated here now
have ruined the property for blocks around and they
are certainly most unsightly blots on the civic beauty of
Denver. But leaving all these things aside, brickyards
should not be allowed within the city limits because of
their great danger to public health. Now is the time
for all real estate dealers and property owners to unite
their efforts and see that the brickyards are forced to
move out of the city.”

“No progressive city in the country permits unsightly
brickyards to be operated within the city limits,” says
W. F. R. Mills, secretary of the chamber of commerce,
and Denver is now filled with these public nuisances.
The time has come when the brickyards must move, and
such an ordinance will meet with general approval/

. “,We can never successfully carry out our plans for
civic beauty in Denver until all the unsightly brickyards
are banished.

“Mayor Speer has surely instituted a popular move¬
ment and he will find that he will have all the necessary
support to make and enforce such an ordinance.” — Den¬
ver Post.

COURT ORDERS BRICK COMPANY TO STOP

DIGGING

For the time being Judge Kirby has stopped the
Louisville (Ky.), Brick Company from excavating por¬
tions of what the city’s legal department asserts are reg¬
ularly dedicated city streets. The property in question
is in the extreme western end of Portland, where is sit¬
uated the defendant company’s factory and plant and
the excavations are made by the company to get the clay
subsoil for the making of brick. The action involves the
question as to whether the city has lost possession of
the property in question through its occupation by others.

The streets said to be disappearing are portions of
Missouri avenue. Thirty-ninth street and adjacent alleys.
The city has proved that they were dedicated by the
town of. Portland, some of them as far back as 1812. It
is now to be determined whether the property has been
held adversely for long enough time to destroy the city’s
title. Judge Kirby granted a temporary injunction, but
withheld decision on the city’s plea that he order the
defendant to fill in the holes until the case shall have
been heard. Chief Judge Kirby’s opinion in part follows:

“The defendant admits that it is excavating the land
which the plaintiff claims as a portion of Thirty-ninth
street, Missouri avenue and the alley between Missouri
and Rudd avenues, but insists that said streets and al¬
leys do not exist at that point and its grantors have held
the land adversely to the public for more than fifteen
years prior to the statute of 1873. In other words, the
defendant rests its defense upon the plea of limitation.
There is a decided conflict of testimony as to whether
the passways were fenced in and held adversely for a
sufficient time to divest the public of title, but there can
be no doubt that such passways were dedicated to the
town of Portland, and there is filed in evidence a copy
of a deed by which the defendant acquired the seven
tracts of land used in its business, several of which are
bounded by the said streets and alleys. In that deed the
land, or at least several of the lots are described as
bounded by said streets and alleys.

“The property is not valuable, and it is a matter of
doubt if the city will ever improve said streets or alleys
at this point, or the citizens will ever need the use of
it seems the duty of the court to stay the excavation of
these passways, nevertheless, under all circumstances,
these passways until this action can be heard upon its
merits. Upon the other hand a court is not authorized
at this time and before a final hearing to require the de¬
fendant to fill up said streets and alleys. Motion of the
plaintiff for a temporary injunction is sustained.”

ROBERT NESCH OFF FOR EUROPE

Robert Nesch, president of the Pittsburg (Kan.) Vitri¬
fied Building and Paving Brick company, expects to
leave his home in Kansas City for a trip across the
waters for a visit in Europe, England, Ireland, Scotland,
Wales and France. He will visit St. Gall, Switzerland,
the town of his birth and other points in Switzerland.
Some of his time will be taken up in the visiting among
the brick factories in Germany, France and the British
Islands. He expects to be absent about three months
and perhaps longer.

The Haigh new system of continuous kilns as designed
by H. Haigh, Catskill, N. Y., is attracting considerable
attention these days. A large kiln has been recently in¬
stalled at Evansville, Indiana, which is giving most ex¬
cellent results.

OLKV RECORD

ALMOST COMPLETE REVIVAL OF CONSTRUC¬
TION ACTIVITY NOTED IN THE
NORTHWEST

A resume of the building situation throughout the
country is noted in the Improvement Bulletin, an au¬
thority for the Northwest, in its monthly review. The
Bulletin says:

Midsummer is at hand, and there is no question that
the building and construction interests have realized
a complete revival of activities in all directions. Last
season was notable for the heavy number of residences
constructed in the Northwest, the increase going far
toward offsetting the decrease in larger structures, such
as office buildings and factories. But this season seems
to be about as active in the residence line, while it is de¬
cidedly more active in the larger structures, touching
about every line from mercantile to fraternal and re-
ligious. School buildings are being erected in large num¬
bers, though it may be that there is a slight decline in
the extent of them, due to the fact that the demand has
been caught up with.

“It is noteworthy that the character of construction
this season is of a high average, and that the buildings
which are going up, both in cities and in smaller com¬
munities, are less and less inclined to be on the cheap
order. This is in part a natural result, for it is noticeable
that the better buildings, which cost the most and com¬
mand the highest rent, are the structures which do not
lack for tenants, while the cheaper structures are more
inclined to command a cheaper class of tenants with more
frequent changes.

The building trades have enjoyed moderately good
conditions, so ‘far as weather is concerned, and in other
directions, such as freedom from labor troubles, handi¬
caps as to delivery of materials, although delays must
necessarily ensue under the prevailing rush of business.
Conditions generally are satisfactory, and contractors
have not been realizing as much as they should, for there
has been keener competition for business, and closer
trimming of prices than was justified by the situation.

“As to various materials, they are in about the same
relative position as heretofore. Cement shows a steady

THE CLAY-WORKING INDUSTRY OF THE
UNITED STATES

A history of the Clay-Working Industry in the United
States by Heinrich Ries, Ph. D., and Henry Leighton,

A. B., is now off the press of John Wiley & Sons, book¬
makers of New \ ork. Prof. Ries is professor of Eco¬
nomic Geology in Cornell University, author of Eco¬
nomic Geology of the United States and author of Clays,
their occurances and uses, while Mr. Leighton is assist¬
ant economic geologist of the New York Geological
Survey.

This book adds another good one to the list of books
for the clay trade. It is 8vo., 270 pages, bound in cloth
and costs two dollars and fifty cents.

Anyone wanting a copy can order them direct from
John Wiley & Sons of the Clay Record. A year’s sub¬
scription to the Clay Record if ordered from us.

THE SPOKANE SEWER PIPE COMPANY

MS£rjr PiPe Company, organized by William
’• aS<?n Sty* lo.wa> as president, and his as-
r*'e 5. Thomas L Flemmmg and W. R. Flemming, of
Mason City, and S. J. Boal and F. B. McNeil, of Minne-

of Snoklne theCf ^ * U °‘ $3°0’000 °n the astern limits
oi Spokane the largest sewer pipe and clav products nlant

m the Pacific Northwest. A site of 15 aSLVstSna“d

oiolLt rall®a-vll,,cs ,has b«n acquired and it is given
out that work will begin within 30 days, to have the Diant

car?: dav°na,Mr!i: «'>' fe 10

skilled hirers. Wi" be fr°m « U®

A dbe comP.any Pas 160 acres of clay deposits at Mira
Wash., 15 miles south of Spokane. Mr. McNeil engineer

teT- hai thOTOUgh7 “Ptored these began"
nnalV / * PP i® Practlcally inexhaustible. The
quality, too, is equal if not superior to any sewer pipe

clay in the country. There is an ample supply of red

t^b"’ jLtSsuch as are used ioi,’tl'

for^fac^rfshe?1 Statement after a deal

MiTk are buildi,ng our P,ant at Spokane instead of at
Mica because the location near the city will help solve the

labor problem We have the best of shipping facilities
where we are located, street car transportation is ivaib
ab e for our employes if they want to live in the city and

citv ih7nyS eaS'er *u keep h‘gh-class billed labor in the
city than m a small town. Then, it would cost us 75

cents a ton to have our coal hauled to Mica. We can get

haYcoaFthere!” haU‘ed ^ ‘'tan we fan

Jfh,6 fa£tor>' !°. be erected in Spokane will be the best
,at mechamcal ingenuity can desire and it will be com¬
plete and permanent in every detail. The plant will be

th" ! lowest S° thn kS immCnSe °utput can be handled at
he lowest possible cost and the machinery and equip-

wiH hWH bC m2dern throughout. The company’s works

men who^F^’ constructed> equipped and operated by
a\ e spent years m building and operating the

pr°oduSctsC wlf|‘ day Pr°pertief “ Africa. PSomeoSf
road culver T? ?lpf’ drain pipe’ wa?on and rail-

and flue linffig ’ " §'IaZed Water pipe’ wdl curbi^

The quantity and quality of the deposits have been
thoroughly examined and tested. It has been proved that
__ d material is practically pure and entirely free from
} substance that can be detrimental to its use The

whenViet7n°h thlS deposit wiI1 be more fully appreciated
bed nf 1 pl^S1<;al propf:tles are fully understood. The
a*d °f i Ti !S Io?ated hlffh above the railroad and has
solutely perfect natural drainage; it is 20 to 70 feet
in depth and is covered by an average drift of less than
U inches and in many cases will require no.stripping.

j PhysicMly as well as chemically, the properties of the
clay are excellent, as it pulverizes readily in the drv pan
an reaches the press with the expenditure of a small
amount of energy. It has been examined in detail Tt is
a rare deposit of superior quality, unlimited in quantity
id perfectly adapted for the business to be conducted
successfully. Possibly in the entire northwest no other
such property containing raw material equal in qualitv so
admirably located, can be found.

The Boss system of burning brick as advertised on
page .), is again attracting the attention of the brick-
makers that wish to burn their ware in an economical
way and at the least expense.

CLRV RECORD,

NEW USES FOR KANSAS CLAYS

An extensive study of the clays of Kansas to find just
how much valuable clay the state of Kansas has and
find new uses for it, it is to be begun bY the J

of Kansas this summer under the direction
Haworth of the state geological survey.

The university has given a special appropna ion

this work in ceramics and the investigation will last

through one entire year and a possible second if the

reports cannot be finished by that time. .

The first move to be taken by the university will be
to find out what clays can be found m the stole and m
what particular section. For example a ^

good fo? a certain kind of brick is to be found m Law-
fence, another kind at Cofifeyville and m a like mann

0VApartynwm go^'t from K. U. in a few weeks to visit
every portion of the state where clay is to be found and
investigate its quality and quantity so that a complete
report on the amount of this soil in the state can be de-
termined and the locations of the various kinds.

Samples of each kind of clay will be gathered from
oil nvpr Kansas and brought to the university for test
h4°T *nb?suab7ected fo all kinds of tests for various
qualities so that a report can be made of the quail y
of the clay from each particular locality.

In their work with the clay, the geologists hope t
find new uses for it in a commercial way so that the
vast quantities of clay in the state can be turned into
wealth in an even larger way than it has been m t

Pt larrg°eUgkilnhte ?henLrnibn4Cof the day is to be put
uo at the university and will be used in making the tests
of the Clays from over the state. This fire test is one of
‘he most important known in the study of ceramics.

In additon to the use of the kiln for commercial pur¬
poses and testing the quality of clay, the kiln will be used
by" the Fine Arts students of the university under Pro-
fessor Griffith who will have a class in clay working.

They will make all kinds of models out of the clay
and burn them in the experimental kiln.

Prof Haworth is working out the details of the c ay
investigations now and will be prepared to announce

more complete details later.

- - - - - -

firm entertains salesmen

Brazil, Ind.— A meeting of the selling or^mz^10^
the Hvdraulic Press Brick company for the states of
Missouri, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan and Indiana met
in this city recently and were guests of the officials o
the plant.' The visiting representatives were Harry
Walters, fourth vice president, and C. L. Schutte F. ^
Schutte and H. G. Browstead, sales agents of Chicago ,
Frank C Aschemeyer, sales manager, St. Louis, and G.

A. Gunn, sales manager, Milwaukee.

_ _ • ♦ >

BRICK MAN WINS

Judge Troup has granted J. H. Krittenbrmk a writ
of' mandamus compelling the city budding inspector to
issue him a permit to erect a brick kiln on his property
just southwest of Creighton’s first addition. The FW
is issued on the grounds that the city ordinance forbid¬
ding the erection and operation of any more kilns withi
the city limits is an arbitrary and unfair exercise of th
city’s police power and as such is invalid.

The Scott Manufacturing Co., 3rd National. Bank
Bldg St. Louis, Mo., are offering some extra induce¬
ments in their advertisements as will be seen on page 35
of this issue.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Co. will rebuild
at once their plant which recently burned to the ground.
The plant will be in operation again in October A tt.
Farrens is president of the company and Allen Hopkins

secretary and manager. , . ,

Gottleib Swerner has begun the manufacture of brick
from cinders and cement by his own process at Mani¬
towoc, Wis. , ,, ,

H. C. Mclntire is authority for the statement that a

plant for the manufacture of brick made out of cement,
will be built at Beloit, Wis. He expects to make water¬
proof brick for $11.00 per thousand and common brick

for $6.00. , r, . , n

The Raton (N. Mexico) Cement Block and Brick Go.

is now making brick and are now furnishing them for
the Miners’ Hospital and other buildings

Fred Groscup of Indiana has arrived at Lamro, b. Dak.,
with his new brick and tile making machinery and begun

the making of cement brick, etc. ,

The Excelsior Concrete Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. has been
incorporated with $5,000 capital stock, to make cement
brick Incorporators are John Campbell, 1433 47th St.,
Claude S. Sherwood and Wm. A. lhorn.

The stockholders of the Wilkesbarre (Pa.) Cement
Brick Co., whose plant was destroyed by fire some weeks
ago have decided to erect a new plant better equipped
than the old one. J. E. McKeon is president and George
Russell, secretary of the company.

The stockholders of the International Sand-Lime
Brick and Machinery Co., 90 West St., New York, voted
to increase the capital stock of the company from $100,-
000 to $250,000, and to correspondingly enlarge their

POTTERY PLANT FOR SAVANNAH

From letters which have recently passed through the
hands of Secretary Gray of the Chamber of Commerce,
there seems to be great likelihood that. Savannah may
add a pottery plant to the already long list of her manu¬
facturing establishments. . . ,

A short time ago a letter was received from a resident
of Trenton, N. J., making inquiry as to the local condi¬
tions with regard to the pottery manufacturing business,
the writer stating that he contemplated the establish¬
ment of a pottery plant in Savannah provided all things
proved favorable. Inquiry was thereupon made by Mr.
Gray into the matter, and a reply favorable to the enter¬
prise was made. As yet no definite result has been
reached, but there seems to be every good reason for sup¬
posing that something will be soon done in the matter.

Clay suitable for pottery purposes is to be found
throughout Georgia, and this branch of business has in¬
creased extensively in late years. The clay mines of the
Kaolin Mining company, located in the vicinity of McIn¬
tyre, are productive of clay which is eminently suitable
for the manufacture of such articles of pottery as are
used in hotels and similar places, and of sanitary and
porcelain goods. There are large deposits of clay
throughout the state, and although most of it contains
too high a percentage of iron to be useful in high grade
pottery, experts have succeeded in producing a process
whereby it may be utilized for many purposes, and in
some cases the iron has been almost eliminated.

With the low cost of raw material, the low rates by rail
upon such goods, the wonderful harbor facilities, which
this city possesses, Savannah should prove a formidable
competitor in the pottery trade, and there seems every
reason for believing that the enterprise will pay. With
all the natural advantages possessed by this city taken
into consideration, it is even possible that the foreign
pottery market might be invaded with success.

OLAY RECOHD,

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

The Bloomsburg (Pa.) Brick Works have started mak¬
ing brick and will be kept busy until fall.

G. W. Oaks of Columbus Junction, la., is enlarging
his tile factory on account of the great demand for brick
and tile.

The brick makers of the Stipes and Barr yards at Ur-
bana, Ill., have joined the ranks of the Twin City Feder¬
ation of Labor.

L. W. Ray of Oklahoma City, is considering the build¬
ing of a 10,000 daily capacity brick plant at Paducah,
Texas.

W. C. Hargrove of the 1st. Nat. Bank, Pittsburg,
Texas, is organizing with others a brick, tile and pot¬
tery plant; capital $10,000.

The United States Engineering Co., St. Louis, Mo., is
establishing a plant for the manufacture of buff, gray
and fire brick, near Mobile, Ala.

The Streator (Ill.) Clay Mfg. Co. will start to rebuild
their plant the first of August as the buildings are com¬
pleted and machinery nearly installed.

The V abash Clay Co., Veedersburg, Ind., sold i, 000,000
paving brick at Pana, Ill., and same is now being shipped.
The factory will soon be started again.

The Kentucky Development Co., Wickliffe, Ky., has
been organized to manufacture and ship clays. E. C.
Weston is general manager and H. R. Warden secretary
of the company.

George F. Hughes and others have bought 160 acres of
Clay land adjoining the plant of the Farmer’s Cooperative
Brick & Tile Co. at Mason City, la., and will build another
large plant in that city.

The Columbus (Ga.) Fire Brick Co., has been in¬
corporated with $15,000 ; Andrew L. Crawford, presi¬
dent. They have taken over the Crawford plant at
Girard, Ala., and will enlarge and increase the output.

The Ladysmith (Wis.) Brick & Tile Co. is doing a
rushing business. They recently closed an order for
2,500,000 brick for the Ballou Sulphite plant and are
now working on the order.

The Fromberg (Mont.) Pressed Brick Co. received with¬
in the week orders for 1,000,000 pressed brick for Billings.
It is expected the plant will be enlarged to keep up with the
demand. Frank H. Church, of Billings, is secretary and
general manager.

John D. Tolle has purchased the site of the LaHarpe
(Kansas) Brick Co. and will add it to his farm which is
adjoining. The machinery and buildings are all to be re¬
moved. The plant was burned and the company went into
the hands of a receiver to be closed out and the estate set¬
tled.

The Barr Clay Co., Streator, Ill., has had a new power
station put into their plant, by the Allis-Chalmers Co.

The Salina (Kan.) Vitrified Brick Co., is doing the
best business in the history of the organization.

The Rensselaer (N. Y.) Brick Co., has started to work
and gradually plans to increase its force.

The National Silica Co., East Liverpool, O., will in¬
crease its capital stock from $40,000 to $100,000.

Branhall Bros., Durant, Okla., are now burning their

first kiln of brick. Their new plant makes 60,000 brick
daily.

The Corning (N. Y.) Brick, Terra Cotta & Tile Co.,
have bought the Bradley farm and will use the large
shale deposits there located.

The Birmingham (Mich.) Brick & Tile Co. are run¬
ning full blast making brick and tile and the farmers
are coming 20 miles for tile of all sizes.

The Carvallis (Ore.) Brick & Tile works in order to
keep up with the demands has just electrified the plant
so it now turns out 20,000 brick daily.

The Paola (Kan.) Brick & Tile works recently bought
by M. J. Lee of Crawfordsville, Ind., will soon be in¬
corporated as the M. J. Lee Brick & Tile works. The
plant is being overhauled from top to bottom.

The Improved Brick Co. has been organized at Evans¬
ton, beginning with $250,000 capital stock. F. A. Druehl

of Salt Lake City, is the Utah representative. The plant
is in Salt Lake City.

Albion, Ill., is to have the third brick factory. L. L.
Emmerson of Mt. Vernon, is the promoter of the enter¬
prise. Engineers are now surveying and work will be
started at once.

The Mt. Union (Pa.) Silica Brick Co., have purchased
additional ground adjacent to their works and will build
an addition to the plant. They contemplate making ex¬
tensive improvements later.

The Fee Fee Brick Mfg. & Investment Co. was in¬
corporated in St. Louis, Mo., with $100,000 capital stock
to build a brick plant on the Rock Island Ry., seven miles
from the city. The incorporators are H. F. Rodgers, Wm.
C. Burke, and Wm. L. Rodgers of St. Louis, Eben Rod¬
gers and S. A. Caldwell of Alton, Ill.

The Union Brick Co., of Cherryvale, Kansas, are ex¬
panding and soon will build a paving brick plant at Inde¬
pendence to be known as the Kansas Paving Brick Co.
The business will be .managed largely from the Cherry-
vale office.

Fred Baum, who has disposed of the Orestes Drain
Tile works, will with his father Calvin Baum, locate a
new factory at Sweetser, Ind., where his father owns the

Sweetser Drain Tile Co. They are now putting in the
foundations.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln -Arra°ge<? -t0 Suit al1 Locatlon*

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Points of Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and oper.«te. Perfectly tree from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns t'pecially adapted for Utilizing: Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. H A I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

The J. S. Morgan Brick Works at Albany, Oregon,
has been purchased by Morgan Brothers.

The Minden (Nebr.) Brick works has been bought by
C. E. Lockwood of Petersburg, who will operate them.

The Pennsylvania Coal Co. of Milwaukee, Wis., has
agreed to purchase the entire output of the Hollandale
Brick works.

A company has been organized to make fire brick at
Alta Placer Co., Cal. A fine body of clay has been found
on the Little Bear river.

The Granton Mfg. Co., of New Durham, N. Y., is to
erect a plant with 12 million brick annual capacity, under
patents of Hiram H. Walsh.

The Slater Brick Co., Billings, Mont., have burned
their first kiln of brick at their new yard. The manufac¬
ture of paving brick will be tried in the fall.

The Empire Brick Co., Olean, N. Y., has been in¬
corporated with $15,000 capital stock by Henry Has-
brouck, F. T. Bartlett and H. S. Sartwell, all of Olean.

The Fort Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Co. have pur¬
chased an automobile to enable them to make quick time
between their office and their various interests in the
city.

The Chicago Sewer Pipe Co., Brazil, Ind., are repair¬
ing and putting in tile machinery into their pottery plant
so as to make drain tile. Martin W. Lauer is manager of
the company.

The National Builders Supply Co., Oklahoma City.
Okla., has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock,
by A. M. Lutes, George C. Gray and G. Lutes, all of
Oklahoma City.

The Dublin (Ind.) Tile & Novelty Co., has been or¬
ganized with $10,000 capital stock. The directors are
I. Fricker, E. M. Evans and C. E. McKee. The plant is
to be located at Dublin.

The Royal Brick Co., Connellsville, Pa., has all of its
machinery installed in the plant on the Hatfield farm,
two miles from town. The machines will make 60,000
brick daily and will be in operation Aug. 10th. C. W.
La Clair of Uniontown, E. L. Sherrick and Geo. W. Hal-
field of Connellsville, F. M. Richey, Jr., and E. S. Richey
of Pennsville, are interested.

I FOR SALE
COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

Entire Sewer Pipe Plant and Clay Mine, located
near Columbia, Ill., being only 4 miles from
St. Louis, on Mobile & Ohio R. R.

Private Switch and Locomotive.

Unlimited Supply of Clay.

For Particulars, Address:

COLUMBIA CLAY WORKS

610 Commonwealth Trust Bld’g. - - ST, LOUIS, MO.

F. M. Harrell & Sons will establish a brick and tile
factory at Rockport, Ky.

N. K. Freeman and associates contemplate the estab¬
lishing of a brick plant at McDade, Texas, daily capacity
20,000 brick.

Mrs. Georgiana Buckley of Montrose Col., is one of
the largest pressed brick manufacturers in the west. She
is a widow and is her own manager.

The Harbison-Walker Refractory Co.’s brick plants
are very busy and have heavy orders ahead and are
making heavy shipments.

The Stegmayer Enamel Brick Co., owned by Middle-
town, Ct., people will start their plant at Perth Amboy,
N. J., which has been idle for two years.

The construction of the work on the mammoth new
kiln of the Shackleford Brick Co.’s plant at Des Moines,
la., has been started.

E. C. Murphy has made a proposition to the Chamber
of Commerce of Hobart, Okla., in reference to putting up
a brick works at that place. It is quite likely that his re¬
quirements will be met.

The Giddings (Texas) Pressed Brick & Gin Co. has
been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock. Incor¬
porators, J. G. Kapper, W. O. Bowers and Andreas Bitt-
mer and others.

J. H. Berry of Atchison, Kansas, who is one of the
owners of the Leavenworth Brick works, states the first
kilns have been burned and that the brick are very good,
that they are making many improvements so that the
plant will be in splendid conditon very soon.

DIRECT HEAT

DRYERS

—FOR -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

After a three years’ suspension the Rock Springs Pot¬
tery works, Maryland, has resumed.

The Burke Brick Co., Ft. Smith, Ark., have turned
down orders for over two million brick on account of
not being able to furnish them. They will now enlarge
the capacity of the plant.

The Rocky Mountain Fire Brick Co., Salt Lake City,
Utah, has been incorporated with $250,000 capital stock.
L. O. Ensign is president, A. F. Greaves-Walker vice
president, S. L. Ensign, Jr., secretary, John W. Ensign,
treasurer. They will make brick, tile and crucibles.

E. J. Owen of the Owen China Co., of Minerva and
East Liverpool, O., is considering the building of an¬
other large plant in the vicnity of Big Rapids, Mich., so
as to take care of the trade from Michigan and Wiscon¬
sin. Splendid clays have been found there.

The Sam’l J. Vail Co., Hammond Bldg., Detroit, Mich.,
have elected Burt Morley, secretary and treasurer of this
well known organization, and the management has added
considerable to their already large line of brick, tile,
terra cotta and other building materials. Samuel J. Vail
is president of the company.

The Vulcan Brick Co., which has been equipping the
old Porter yard at Athens, N. Y., has made it one of the
best yards on the Hudson river. They are now making
brick from the hill and as soon as same is cut down two
more machines will be added. Wm. E. Fitzgerald is
the manager.

D. G. Heiser will locate a brick and tile factory at
Chatfield, Ohio.

Mayer Bros, will establish a plant at Frostburg, Md.,
fcr the manufacture of building and paving brick.

John Gibson of Fromberg, Mont., is thinking of start¬
ing a brick yard at Bear Creek.

1 he Melbourne (la.) Brick & Tile works has been
sold by Charles Morehouse of Des Moines, la., to S. R.
Gawthrow.

1 he Sterling Brick Co., Olean, N. Y., has been organ¬
ized with $150,000 capital stock. Incorporators are C. R.
Bard, H. Hasbrouck and F. L. Bartlett.

^ The Northwest Pottery Co., has been organized at
Golden, Colo., with $60,000 capital stock. The incor¬
porators are O. T. Ellis, William Kurlow and J. F.
Hunt.

The plant of the Columbia Clay Works at Columbia,
Ills., is for sale, on page 34 can be seen the announce¬
ment of same. This is a good plant with plenty of fine
materials to work upon.

The Kramig Tile Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, has been in¬
corporated with $10,000 capital stock by John G. Gart¬
ner, Robert S. Kramig, Charles A. Schooni, Edwin G.
Pick and Alma H. Halstrick.

The Adams Bros. -Paynes Co., Lynchburg, Va., have
purchased another complete soft mud brick plant which
they will install at their plant at Deacon, on the C. & O.
Ry. The capacity will be 100,000 brick daily.

The Carlyle Brick Co., Portsmouth, Ohio, are ship¬
ping brick to Chicago. Within the last month 940,000
brick were sent there to fill- orders. The plant has been
idle but four days in six years.

rtVWWWW WWW rtW WWW WWVfc

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 years.

Strong, Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District.

INVESTIGATE

Scott Manufacturing Co.,

I ft 15 Third National Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used
only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask
for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

POSITION WANTED

By an up-to-date man as manager or Supt. of pav¬
ing brick plant, thoroughly practical and experi¬
enced in every detail of the business, plant construct-
tion, kiln building, and handling all classes of labor.
Al references. Address B 4

Care Clay Record, Chicago

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Ret us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the James River, 90 miles from Richmond.
18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in
operation. Therefore would make very easy terms.
Address MRS. AGNES I*. TURNER,

Ferguson's Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE.

Address Durango Pressed Brick Co.,

Durango, Colo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A southern Minnesota Brick and Tile Plant, com¬
plete in running order; has done a good business
last year. Good reason for selling. Address
Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

One No. 20 Cyclone Disintegrator, made by the C.
W. Raymond Co, Has been used about two weeks.
Practically new. Address

COLUMBIA BRICK & PLASTER CO.

North East. Md.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of
a large brick works or the construction of such.
Have twenty years practical experience and
thorough knowledge of the business.

Address Brick Supt.,

P. O. Box 81, Coffeyville, Kans.

WANTED

Address “B E” Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

WANTED

One second-hand medium size steam shovel for
handling clay or sand.

Address E. J. KELLER,

Lexington, Okla.

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Wav
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFO. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

H. T M.,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

FORCED FOR SALE

Brick yard for sale within six miles of Broad Street
Station, Philadelphia, Pa., every improvement,
Penn. Ry. sidings into yard. In operation for orders
for about three million brick. Address:

A. B. Co,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

SECOND HAND BRICK MACHINERY
FOR SALE

8,000 new fire brick; 12,000 second hand fire brick.
140 single Grates as good as new, size 3 ft. 9 in.

18 Kiln doors on frames.

60 double Grates, size 3 ft.

10 plain fire doors.

5 Brick Trucks.

5 Brick Wheel Barrows.

One 40 H. P. Engine.

One 40 H. P. Boiler in good condition.

Several Pumps. One Bottom Dump Car. 800 ft.
Small Rail. 2 Switches. 60 ft. 8 inch Canvas Belt¬
ing. 52 ft. 6 inch Belting, used one year.

Address,

HENRY EHLERS & BRO.,
Watkins, Minn.

DRYLR CARS

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE.

One hardening cylinder, 72 ft. long, 6 ft. diameter.
One 4-Mold Andrus brick press.

One 9-foot Scott Dry Pan.

One Cedar Rapids Sand Dryer.

25 sand lime brick cars, 3 ft. by 5 ft. top.

2 transfer cars all in good condition.

MORGAN BRICK CO.

Norristown, Pa.

FOR SALE

150 Iron Flat Trucks forCement, Tile or Brick Yard.
One 70-inch Buffalo Forge Fan.

One 180 H. P. Heine Boiler
Two Freight Elevators

The above machinery is in good condition and at a
very low price. S. KRUG WRECKING CO.,

Nebraska City, Neb.

. 41 White St.,

No better mane, cut ire*
$8 and SiO.to

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.
Bold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK, MICH

FOR SALE.

One four-mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good
working condition. Has only been used one year.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Co.,

57th and Wallace Sts., Chicago.

PLANT FOR SALE.

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capabity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7 00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20. 00 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000. but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

FOR SALE.

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

I have a Brick and Tile Plant costing $20,000, Elec¬
tric Power, Steam Dryer. Make soft mud and stiff
mud brick and drain tile. I want a man with a few
thousand dollars to take one-half interest in the
business. If you are looking for a good chance to
get into business by investing at 50 cents on the
dollar, address

J. J. MILLER,
Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Bullick 100 H. P. Motor, one 9 foot Raymond
Pug Mill, one 18 H.P. Gasoline Engine. All nearly
new. Address

KIAMENSI CLAY CO.,

Newport Del.

FOR SALE.

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y.

CiLTSY RECORD.

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER PRESSURE

Absolute control of heat in kiln. Burns all first-class hard brick.

Applies to any style of kiln. 40% reduction in fuel cost.

JOHN C. BOSS, Monger Building, ELKHART, IND.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

Pearl *8tr«at NEW YORK

Twenty ItE’jr
years of time and
weather have trie.)
out Ricketson’s > amous
Red Britk” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc.. Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black. !

RICKfTSON MINER VL PAINT WORKS j
‘ M ' I W»UK‘F, WISCONSIN.

C, K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA,

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Don’t Let Your Profits Run Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 pe* year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

^ rite today for our latestcatalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO.,

The Marion Flue Blower, t patented February 23 1909)
wilt save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of
steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while
in commision, The accompany iug cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time We furnish different sizes as required,
and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean

Please send for our latest catalog fully describing this
useful invention.

Marion, Inndiana

No. 51 Electrical Driven Fug Mill

No. 38 Double Shaft Fug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

Roofing Tile Press

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

Model "B" Dry Press

Eagle Repress

No. 65 Auger Brick Machine

Special Giant Brick Machine

Sewer Pipe Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

9 Foot Dry Pan

Blower Dryer Apparatus

H. P. Erick Machl

Mold Sander

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

Dry Cars

Disintegrators

Winding Drums

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

Fire Bricks— Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clay Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

- A Jtc JR* ^ A A A

'a~f

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented Aprill 4,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

IT. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, V*.

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

So,e Iltirn N Y

Manufacturers 4JHva, !•

$ AMERICAN RING- HAMMER PULVERIZER

)

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30/6 to 60/6 less 3peed, and 25S6 to 50$6 less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIKUGAI, FORCE.

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.^

ST. LOUIS, MO.

Suite 4-10 Jaccard Bldg.,

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 TaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co., 39 Cortland St., New York City.
Tindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

(

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWERPIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

■

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES— Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14^x
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13)4x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9,14x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES — Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS — Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical— 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS — All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also fu!I assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running

Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works ma1Swa"v

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS"

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You. We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

- - "h~tt - mnrn- -

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER.

Masssive and 'well proportioned .
Best material.

Tjme tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mullers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.
cBuilt to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

u>ur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

A well-tried and

proven Success.

W^ith Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

wit>T^°rly StCel 5fnch Pallet that can be stackec
without slipping. They Interlock. Tight, Strong

^ ‘ (Patented.

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

made exclusively by

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

CLHY RECORD

Our Dry and W et P ans are
worth your investigation

We build them eight, nine and ten feet in diameter, weighing 30 to
50,000 pounds. They have great crushing and screening capacities

We also manufacture complete equipment for Sewer Pipe,
Brick, Terra Cotta Drain Tile and Fire-Proofing Works

Write for Description and Price

The Means Foundry & Machine Co.

Eastern Agents

wilson kiln & dryer co. Steubenville, Ohio

West End Trust Rldg.

Philadelphia , Pa.

CLHY RECORD.

Built by Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Capacity 100,000 Brick Per Day.

Patented July 8, 1902

Why are we
always busy?

Patented March 3, 1903. No. 721988

Because we study the brick business
and build kilns and dryers to suit the
conditions.

Our smoke-consuming furnaces, and
continuous waste heat system, kiln
floors, and test kilns have been in
every day use for several years and
have proven very satisfactory.

Our Brick Kilns are modern in every
way, and have proven successful
wherever built.

Our Radiation Heat Dryer has more
radiating surface than any other dryer
in use.

The Kilns and Dryers are very econ¬
omical in construction and operation.
We believe we have the most satis¬
factory Kiln and Dryer system to pro¬
duce results on the market.

Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co.

West End Trust Building
Philadelphia, Pa.

CLHY RECORD.

Paul Fuchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of g,ooo pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

61 1 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

w1JhonImc]:nd The Thew Steam Shovels

Especially adapted for brickyard require*
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust-
ed to cut to any desired level.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

OFFICE AND SHOPS 18 SLOAN STREET onc.&n.w.ry. CHICAGO

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

GARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

BABROH DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

CHICAGO IRON CLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

. . } 9

ITS SIMPLICITY,
DURABILITY AND

Av COMPLETE
WfMk SATISFACTION
SLfil TIROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

MODEL SAND DRYER

Y1RD SUPPLIES

• - ***,»

HORSE POWER MACHINE

br|ck

MOULDS Hi

THAT

ARE

BUILT ik
FOR J

HARD

USAGE

TRUCKS

WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE “P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
EHGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A

% >Wh!2! fdH<|0 Hjftid ^QHftitfl flcjOKj %

THE

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

BRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

IR.

IsT

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM — Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFC. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER. PA.. U. S. A.

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Haminerstein and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is
faced with over 500,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks
were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

n t(ed

CLHY RECORD.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Pate

International Sand-Lime Brick £» Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Eactories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Here’s What One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United States

Says About our “Pittsburg” Dri) Pan:

“Answering yours of the 19th instant; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, If not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, Indeed,
be pleased to recommend it to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they ‘Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE JMORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

V I

No. 217-E

Electric Side Dump Car.

No. 145

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 -A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

GARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

31N.

NO. 128

■A V

i ft, :

0 ■

4.-

NO. 217-S

Either Side Rocker Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, ORYER CARS, TRACK,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

K;vi»v-

Heavy Double Deck Car
Patent Malleable Iron Uprights.

mmm

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO, 277

Steal Mine and QuarryfCar.

tlas Car and Hfr. Co.

OLBTB;{..JLND, OHIO

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THE DI56EMiMA'
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• PERTAiHiflG
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iQ-.X

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DUSTER

t'/S'*

\*k‘

\909

The Construction and Manufacture of Vitrified Brick

Kentucky Clays Being Tested at State Universit v .

the Clay Working Industries . . 5 .

Chart Showing 1908 Statistics. . . . .

The Brick Industry of Evansville .

Artificial Drying as an Investment .

Gas Belt Brick Company One of Largest in West .

I wo Spokane Companies Consolidate .

to'uU'fc,*i’ : :

2Svr “S'e^S^V!" ff. °f “><“»« M«Wia

General Trade Gaining . . ' .

Brick for Country Roads Instead of Macadam . .

Obituary ... . ' * .

Fire! Fire’! Fire!!! . | . .

Havei-straw Renews War on Brick People . .

Accidents, Damages and Losses . . .

Illinois Leads the States in Common Brick " ' '

Tests Favor Use of Solid Clay Brick for Wall's .

New York Mayor Orders the Testing of Hollow Tile As W-U As '
Cinder Cement ...

Hudson River Brick Makers Strike .

Tile vs. Concrete Buildings in New York .

Union Men Protest Against Prison Made Brick .

Black Hawk Will Enlarge Their Plant . .

Government Opening of Irrigated Lands ’ . ' '

A Contractor Sues the Bricklavers' Union . .

Large Brick Business in New Jersey . .

Roofing Tile Company is Ready to Get Busy ' .

Kentucky Brick Plant Changes Hands

Dnponance of Testing Clay Products EmphasiV.ed'by V. s'. Cera nil

Brick Famine Now Imminent at Des Moines .

Pottery News Items . . . . . ' .

Sand or Lime Brick or Block News .

Miscellaneous Items .

. . » * • •

TCVw&Vus ‘ '

, .

s > *

* *

' •

• •

. ,

• •

■

1 .

I Jr

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLAY RECORD.

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 year s.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District.

Scott Manufacturing Co.

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

ST. LOUIS - - MISSOURI

THE BOYD BRICK PRE5S

Built in Two, Four and Six* Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished

fc^0JpPreSleS m Ule than aI,1 other Press Brick Machines combined
n _ A ^ e A^ss aas £reat strength and endurance, great pressure and Iona- dwell

.W&aSSSfS S3."'" “ “ "d >«* BnMSS

Chisholm, Boyd £t White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL*

CI-TSY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO. ILLINOIS

OL.HV RECORD.

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You'Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ClUKY RECORD

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

The BERG makes the

best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty-five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: MANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO, ONT., CANADA

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

BERG BRICK PRESS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MANCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEnENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

CLKY RECORD

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THB

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Pres*
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, III.

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

»i Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION. Hi

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

E. M. FREESE COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION

OHIO

T HE E HOTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. Si A. POTTS Si CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

! Built to Do the Work

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARIN6S

HARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTABLY
SECURED

STEEL SHAFTS

Cam pound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

CLHY RECORD.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

GhQ

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

Ol-MY

CLAY CRUSHERS

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white=iron

shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in. diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5% in. face. The journa s are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications ^ ^

II. Brewer & Co. €

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN

li 's tiood

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witH Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Vol. XXXV. No. 3.

CHICAGO, AUGUST 14, 1909

Semi-Monthly, fl.#0 p«r Tear
Single Coplei, - II Cents

THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF
VITRIFIED BRICK.

Geo. W. Kummer.*

The primary element of a vitrified brick is a suitable
clay ; a mineralized clay, a clay, that has annealing qual¬
ities. To lay down an inflexible rule as to what this clay
should be, as by a chemical analysis, or to be specific in
the matter of manufacture, as relates to the entire field of
the brick industry, would be but idle words. There are
no two veins of clay that are alike in their elemental
structure, and, therefore, a corresponding latitude must
be given in the discussion of this question, and which,
from the nature thereof, must be treated in a somewhat
general way or else I would feel that I was overstepping
the bounds of propriety, and the very argument used
might prove disastrous if generally applied. To meet the
conditions of the subject matter, the clay must make a
brick that is free from lime, from laminations, spalls,
checks and cracks; that is homogeneous and impervious
to moisture and that is vitrified. It must not lose more
than a certain percentage in a so-called standard rattler ;
it must not absorb over a given percentage of water in a
specified number of hours and its specific gravity is fixed.
Here we have defined, arbitrary laws quite universally
adopted.

It is impossible at all places successfully to manufac¬
ture perfect vitrified brick within the limits of defined
specifications that are universal in their application ; and
I furthermore assert that high grade vitrified bricks are
liable to fall below their entitled standard in value, be¬
cause of what I am obliged to call inconsistent extremes
in the matter of absorption on the one hand and the rat¬
tler test as the other extremity. I repeat that all clays
vary, not alone in widely separated districts or portions
of our land, but in the same locality as well, and there¬
fore it is a physical impossibility without restriction to
territory, to produce uniform brick that will show their
best results under one defined system of testing, wherein
the limits are set with no regard to the physical condi¬
tions of the material.

I repeat that, in the first place, a suitable clay, a min¬
eralized clay, if you please, is required from which to
make a vitrified, or — what I prefer to call — annealed
brick. Secondly, the proper grinding of the clay and the
perfect formation of the brick in the green state are abso¬
lutely essential. A vitrified brick of suitable clay properly
made and finished, is in itself an iron-stone substance. By

chemical action and changes during the various processes
of manufacture, the constituent elements of the clay have
been converted into new forms and the finished brick is
a homogeneous mass, free from lime as an active ele¬
ment; is annealed, every clay particle being bonded, in
short such a brick is an igneous rock, dense in its struc¬
ture,' practically impervious, resisting abrasion, and yet
retaining grittiness in its structure, and in contact has an
attractive force for steel and iron and is enduring to the
end of time as against the deteriorating agencies of the
elements.

It is a well-known fact that shrinkages of varying de¬
grees occur in clays. To make the highest quality of
vitrified brick uniform shrinkage must be had. It should
be a clay that by the lapse of ages and under earth pres¬
sure, has been purified by chemical processes in nature’s
wondrous laboratory. Such clays are found in rock or
shale form. It may be possible to make vitrified brick
from a single clay, guaranteeing absolute uniformity of
structure, or it may be possible to blend clay and a
silicate to insure density and overcome porosity. Analy¬
ses of clays are common, yet the only true test, the only
safe trial of a clay, is the manufacture of a sufficient
quantity of brick for a burning in a regular kiln, in the
regular way and tried out by the only infallible chemist
known, fire. Though analyses are very similar of clays
from different parts of the country, yet they can not be
accepted as a safe guide as universally applied. The rela¬
tive quantity of silica, alumina, iron, lime, magnesia, and
so forth, may be set down as practically from the same
clay, yet the active elements are not the same and a
perfect product is impractical.

It is a well-known principle, that during the burning of
clay in high heats, the silica and alumina form a silicate
of alumina, which becomes the basis of the ware being
made and here comes the diverging point as between a
fire brick and a vitrified brick. If a clay will make a fire¬
brick, it cannot make a vitrified brick, and the difference
in the chemical action or bonding of the clay particles is
an illustration of what a vitrified brick really is.

In a fireclay, the percentage of silica and alumina must
be in such proportions that the iron and all other deleteri¬
ous matters combined cannot successfully attach and
disturb or unite with the basic matter, or on the other
hand, for a firebrick, when the silica and alumina are held
in bond, there cannot be an excessive amount of silica,
else it becomes a free agent and the basic matter is

dissolved. If this destroying element is not present in a
firebrick, then such brick, though thoroughly bonded, is
porous; in short, has lungs, through the medium of which
such brick has respiration meeting the demands of con¬
traction and expansion, but under impact or abrasion
lacks physical strength. If this condition, as above set
forth is present in a so-called clay, perfect vitrification or
annealing can not take place.

1 have seen shale clays, highly refractory, that, when
the point of fusion was reached, the entire mass of clay
became honey-combed and when drawn from the kiln,
such brick floated on the surface of the water like cork;
whereas, brick made from clay, from another part of the
country, yet in chemical analyses much like the former,
when brought to the same degree of heat melted and
made liquified clay, or vitrified molasses.

To make a good vitrified brick, I claim that the basic
matter must be a silicate of alumina and the action from
this point of amalgamation must be the reverse to that
of making a firebrick. There must be a sufficient per¬
centage of the basic matter to give a heat range, guaran¬
teeing against fluxing when during the burning the crisis
is reached of initial vitrification and melting. Yet a suit¬
able clay for the manufacture of vitrified brick, whether
a single product or a blend, must contain sufficient quan¬
tities of flux, of iron, and so forth, so that the necessarily
inherent quality of refractoriness is overcome and a per¬
fect amalgamation of clay particles takes place, giving
the brick uniform structure, making it homogeneous.

Too much stress cannot be laid upon the absolute ne¬
cessity of a uniform clay in the point of shrinkage, for in
brick made of clays that have different shrinkages the
clay particles can not be uniformly or cohesively bonded.
Nor can brick made from such a mixture be burned per¬
fectly, for clays of varying shrinkages must be measured
according to the degrees of heat that they will endure
before fluxing, and can only be carried in the heat range
to the degree which the weakest portion of the clay mass
will endure. Otherwise, they will be structurally weak.
In outward appearance they may be high grade and they
may even do themselves credit in the rattler test, as now
so universally applied. They may even be tough, and
particularly so when dry from a kiln.

Again, brick made from such mixed clays are more
subject to laminations, owing to the unequal state of plas¬
ticity, and when in service after exposure to dampness
and the action of the elements, and the constant impact
of travel the weak spots manifest themselves and the
brick spall and shell off by reason of imperfections which
can not exist where a perfect bonding of clay particles is
present throughout the entire brick, as is the case when
a single clay or a blend of uniform shrinkage is used.

Having a suitable clay, the preparation thereof for
brick making in the first step, i. e., the grinding, is an
important one. Usually the shale or rock is reduced to
small pieces by being run through a rock crusher, or, as
in some cases, it is fed directly into what in the trade are
known as dry pans, where it is ground into degrees of
fitness as the manufacturer may direct, but it is not neces¬
sary in this paper to go into detail in the mechanical ope¬
ration of brick making, only as to some special features
as these points are reached in this discussion. The grind¬
ing of clay, however, is very important.

If there is a uniform fineness in the clay particles, the
degree of fineness being governed by the character of the
clay used, a uniform bond will result, but if the clay is
not uniformly fine, or is not uniform in quality, there will
be voids, and perfect amalgamation of particles will not
take place. Nor is it possible to produce as strong a

body, or as perfect a brick from a coarse ground clay that
has been reduced to flour form.

The ground clay next goes to the tempering mills,
water is ground into the clay to bring it to a degree of
plasticity so that the brick can be formed and that they
will have sufficient strength of adhesion of clay particles,
so that they can be handled safely and will bear sufficient
weight to permit piling on cars to be carried into tunnels
where the water that has been ground into the clay is
again driven off.

From the point of the dry clay in powdered form to the
dried brick, the product has passed through very import¬
ant stages that have much to do with the quality of the
finished brick. In the tempering of the clay, during
which the water is ground into the clay-mass, the subject
of uniformity of action again plays an important part.
While primarily this process is for the purpose, as above
set forth, yet another very important factor in the brick
structure here manifests itself, for it is during the time
the brick is being formed and dried that the first or initial
bonding of the infinitesimal particles takes place and it
is a self-evident fact that if the clay-mass is not uniformly
moistened, or not sufficiently moistened, there cannot be
a perfect and uniform bond, an essential to perfect brick.

No more can, nor will clay particles form perfect co¬
hesion when not uniformly tempered or properly moist¬
ened, nor if of widely varying degrees of fineness, than
will a cement of similar degrees of irregularity in fineness
set perfectly. It is during this stage of drying, when the
mechanical water is being driven off, that the first shrink¬
ages of the brick takes place, the degree of shrinkage
from the general size being governed by the character
of the clay used and therefore beyond the power of any
set rule that can be laid down to control.

Before following the brick to the next stage beyond the
point of drying, I want to go back in the process of manu¬
facture to the clay in its tempered state, now being put
into brick form. This is almost without exception
through what is known as a stiff mud brick machine
process. The tempered clay is fed into a steel case, of
varying diameters, according to the capacity of the ma¬
chine, and through the center of which case or cylinder is
a revolving shaft to which are attached knives or blades,
by the movements of which the clay is forced into and
through dies, from which columns of clay issue in con¬
tinuous lengths and which columns are, by mechanical
device, cut into brick size and shape.

I here are two styles of dies in use in forming these
clay columns in the manufacture of the so-called standard
size brick, which are approximately 2y2x4xSy2 inches.
In one instance the column issues and is cut crosswise
every 2V2 inches, thus making what is known as side-cut
brick. In the other case, two columns of clay issue from
the die, the columns being cut every 8y2 inches, thus
making what is known as the end-cut brick. It is dur¬
ing this process of forming the clay columns that lamina¬
tions in brick, if they exist, have their inception and it is
in this mechanical construction that I maintain that spe¬
cial cars should be taken in the form or shape of the
knives or blades, and particularly in the construction of
the die in point of lines of issue guiding the clay.

I maintain that every clay has its own peculiar char¬
acteristic and dies constructed on the same pattern are
not fit for general use. The degrees of plasticity or re¬
fractoriness of the clay must be thoroughly understood
before the lines of a suitable die or issue can be safely
drawn.

Aeain, it is -not a safe plan indiscriminately to use a
lubricated die, for some clays make a better brick when a
dry die is used. In a lubricated die, the issue of the clay

column is absolutely free in all points of contact with the
metal, giving no side resistance in the issue, whereas,
there are high grade clays that demand this retarding
influence to give the best internal structure to the brick.

This same principle carries back into the brick ma¬
chine and should be the determining factor as between
side-cut and end-cut brick. All laminations can be avoid¬
ed in vitrified brick by a study of the clay, and the con¬
struction of mechanical appliances that are suited to the
clay, as against the far too common practice of trying
to make a clay suit the machine just because it makes
brick successfully somewhere else and the machine man
told you so.

Furthermore, while I know I am treading on disputed
and possibly dangerous ground, yet I want to assert as
my belief, that a better standard size brick can be made,
with properly constructed dies, in end-cut form than if
made side-cut, even if the side-cut is repressed and the
end-cut is taken directly from the machine.

I take this position because in the side-cut article the
clay issues approximately 4 inches thick by 8Y2 inches
wide in a single column, which is cut at right angles
through the breadth of the column; whereas, the end-cut
brick columns, two to the issue, divided in the die by a
steel center, issue 2% inches wide and 4 inches thick each
and are cut through the narrow column, the clay forma¬
tion in the brick running with the column, whereas in the
side-cut form the clay formation is cut at right angles
and severed for each brick thickness.

Furthermore, it is a far simpler thing to construct a die
that will control, and thereby guard against twists and
laminations in slender clay columns than to overcome the
same condition in a greater mass of clay in one issue.

After the brick has been formed, it is common practice
to repress the product. Outside of shaping up the edges,
or of forming lugs on the brick or of stamping the name
of the maker upon the product, the repressing has no
value and it is an open question, at least in the case of
some clays, whether it is not an injury, caused by the
sudden blow of the repress and the almost instant release
of the pressure that is put upon the brick.

Referring again to the brick during the drying, the
same inflexible law of conditions and quality of clay in
respective districts controlling, the one general principle
that is most important, is the time required and the time
allowed for perfect evaporation of the mechanical moist¬
ure. No limit can be set for this as a universal rule to be
observed. But the essential feature of this process is that
the drying shall not be unduly forced, for it is during this
season that the clay particles are adhering, and if this
process of knitting is forced a perfect bond can not result.

A brick that is to be carried to a state of vitrification
must have all the elements of perfection at the stage of
coming from the dry kilns. It must have had the ad¬
vantages of perfect and free circulation of air in the kilns,
with increasing degrees of heat from the green state to
the dried product, which is accomplished in modern brick
driers by mechanical devices that operate most success¬
fully to thermometer tests, the heat for this purpose,
now almost universally being drawn from the kilns that
have been finished and where the firing has ceased.

From the drier, through which the brick have gone on
steel cars, the driers being in tunnel form, the brick are
taken into a cooling room, where they remain until they
can be handled by men when they are set in kilns ready
for the final treatment by fire, which is one of the great¬
est destroying agencies, and yet makes from a true clay
one of a very few things in existence that is not destroyed
by the action of the elements, namely, a vitrified brick.

There are kilns of many styles, yet the true principle
of a kiln is that it shall have a free draft. There are many
ramifications in flues through which the heat is drawn,
the principle being to so hold the heat and to so distribute
it as to equalize it throughout the mass of brick that are
being burned within one chamber. The important feat¬
ure of this construction is that the flue space shall be
adequate to the area of the chamber in which the fire
shall be controlled.

The brick are set or piled in height according to what
clay will endure and the manner of setting is again con¬
trolled by the nature of the clay forming the brick.

Again, each separate clay must be understood before
suitable kilns in all their details can be built for its suc¬
cessful burning, which in its essential feature is the draft
area and the application thereof.

During the burning of the brick, the mechanical water
not eliminated in the driers is now driven off and this in
turn, is followed by the elimination of the water held in
bond in the chemical composition of the clay in its orig¬
inal state, and here is where the final shrinkage of the
brick in the interlacing and knitting of the clay particles
takes place and it is here where clays of excessive shrink¬
age or where mixed clays of uneven shrinkage, or where
impure clays come to grief or leave their damaging ef¬
fects within the finished product.

It is here, also, that the stability of the clay is tested
in the matter of initial vitrification and melting. It is
imperative that a clay has a fair range of heat in this re¬
spect, for if this margin is limited to a narrow basis, it
is almost impossible to bring about uniform or satisfac¬
tory results in the final firing.

By ingenious and thoroughly practical devices now in
use in modern brick plants, the elimination of the water
by absorption, and the water in bond, is noted during the
progress of burning. The degrees of heat in all important
portions of the kiln are also recorded constantly from the
light firing, as an initial burning, to the point of vitrifica¬
tion, and the measure of shrinkage that the brick is un¬
dergoing during the firing is carefully noted — these com¬
bined observations being a safe guide to the operator in
charge. The word of caution that may here be spoken,
with the ever present varying conditions of clays and
what they will endure, is, do not force the firing beyond
what the clay being burned will stand with safety; for if
you do, the opened kiln will not defend your action.

We now come to the final act in the manufacture of
vitrified brick, i. e., the cooling of the semi-molten mass.
Here to be safe, to get the best product, the manufacturer
must set aside the desire for gain, must turn a deaf ear
to the clamor of contractor, engineer or layman, who may
be crowding him and let nature take her course; for, as
it is imperative during the burning to let the heat soak
into and through the brick naturally and not under forced
draft, so must this heat be permitted again to pass away.
It . is now that the work of making structures is taking
place, and the mass is being annealed and toughened, and
if this is checked in the slightest degree by too sudden
cooling a weakened and imperfect, or a brittle product
will be the result ; but if permitted to work out under
natural laws, with every condition present for the good,
a product will come forth — as comes in many places and
in ever increasing numbers — that is not to be excelled.

“How may a man tell a good vitrified brick when he
sees it?”

Establish what is the average size of a satisfactorily
burned vitrified brick, made from any given clay, for all
uniformly made brick of uniform clay, uniformly burned,
must be practically of uniform size when finished.

CL-HY RECORD.

Test by absorption.

Establish a machine or device that shall hold the brick
in place as they are in service and test by impact and
abrasion as under traffic.

Then put a hammer into the hands of a practical in¬
spector and let this hammer, by test of sound and by the
fracture of brick, determine the quality. This quality lies
entirely in the brick structure, and is not governed or de¬
termined by simple shades of color. It must be remem¬
bered that any clay that will vitrify cannot be burned to
an absolute shade in color unless the degrees of heat are
practically identical throughout the entire kiln area,
which has never been possible as measured from top to
bottom of the kiln, even in the burning of the highest
grades of face brick, where uniformity of color or shade
is much desired.

It is said above: “Test by absorption.” But this must
have its limitations, for vitrified brick will vary in the
percentages of absorption from nil to various quantitative
proportions, according to the degrees of heat to which
they have been subjected in their relative position in the
kiln during the burning, which is but a natural result of
the absolutely esential element in clay of heat range be¬
tween the point of initial vitrification and fluxing. The
matter of absorption, the limitation to which it may be
extended, here becomes an open book, and can readily
be determined as a safe guide in tests and to guard
against overburned brick; the hammer in the hands of a
competent man is $cer sufficient.

We have, in a vitrified brick, as I have endeavored to
describe, a material that in structure and enduring quali¬
ties is not surpassed by any known material, for it is not
affected by heat or cold, is not amenable to the deteri¬
orating influences of the elements and is as lasting as is
the lava that was emitted from the crater’s mouth and
has endured for centuries, and which has given us our
first lesson in vitrification at the hands of the Great
Creator.

KENTUCKY CLAYS BEING TESTED AT STATE

UNIVERSITY.

Prof. H. D. Eastin of the college of mining engineering
of State University, who is doing some work in connection
with the state geological survey, has just begun a very in¬
teresting series of tests of clay from different parts of the
state that are intended to determine the commercial value of
each, so as to foster the development of the resources of the
state along this particular line. The work is being carried on
under the auspices of the department of ceramics of the sur¬
vey and is a very interesting process.

All kinds of clays, from common building brick clay to the
very precious kaoline, from which handsome pottery and
chinaware are made, are molded and baked in pots, and tested
to determine the tensile strength, shrinkage, etc. These tests
are made in numerous ways, but the most interesting is the
one with Kankin’s revelation kiln, in which intense heat is
applied to the models and their endurance and general quality
thoroughly tested. The heat in this kiln is so great that no
heat-measuring instrument can be used and it has to be
measured by a series of cones which are different sizes and
which melt only when a certain amount of heat is applied.

The most interesting of these burnings and tests are the
ones with kaolin. This, which is very rare in Kentucky with
the exception of a few counties, is in its natural state per¬
fectly white, but when it has been baked it turns all the colors
of the rainbow and the colors are very beautiful.

Kentucky has a great deal of wealth in her soil other than
her crops and pasturage land, and the geological survey is
doing much to foster the clay industries of the State.

THE CLAY- WORKING INDUSTRIES.

Chart Showing 1908 Statistics.

The United States Geological Survey has just published
a large chart showing the statistics of the clay-working in¬
dustries in 1908 by States and products, with comparative
totals for 1907. This chart shows that the clay products of
the United States in 1908 were valued at $133,197,762, com¬
pared with $158,942,369 in 1907, a decrease of about one-
sixth. Every State and Territory except Alaska is repre¬
sented in this total, a fact which shows the widespread charac¬
ter of the clay-working industries. Ohio is the leading clay¬
working State, reporting products worth $26,622,490, or
19.99 Per cent °f the total. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ill¬
inois, New York, Indiana, Missouri, California, Iowa, and
West Virginia are the next largest producing States, in the
order named. These ten States produced ware valued at
$98,494,107, or nearly three-fourths of the value for the
whole country. The first five States produced considerably
over one-half of the total output. Wyoming has the small¬
est production, with products valued at $52,282, or only
0.04 per cent of the total.

COMMON BRICK.

Every State reported common brick, the total quantity be¬
ing 7,811,046,000, valued at $44,765,614; this represents
over one-third of the value of all clay products. Illinois is
the leading producer of common brick, reporting 1,119,224,-
000, valued at $4,834,652, or $4.32 per thousand. New York
is the second in quantity but first in value the figures being
1,055,006,000, valued at $5,066,084, or $4.80 per thousand.
The average value per thousand ranged from $3.97 in Kansas
to $10.33 in Wyoming, with a general average of $5.73.
Tennessee comes the nearest to the general average — $5.72.
The average value in 1907 was $6 for the whole country.

There was a decrease in the value of the common brick
from 1907 of $14,079,847, or 23.85 per cent, and the quantity
decreased 1,984,652,000, or 20.26 per cent. The only States
showing increases in output of common brick were Arizona,
Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Oregon, South Dakota, and Wash¬
ington, and of these States Washington showed a decrease in
value.

VITRIFIED PAVING BRICK.

Vitrified paving brick is one of the only two products that
showed an increase in 1908. This product increased from
876,245,000 in 1907 to 978,122,000 in 1908, a gain of 11.63
per cent ; and in value from $9,654,282 in 1907 to $10,657,475
in 1908, a gain of 10.39 Per cent. Ohio is the leading State
for vitrified paving brick, reporting about one-third of the
entire quantity and value.

DRAIN, TILE, FIRE BRICK AND POTTERY PRODUCTS.

Drain tile is the other product that reported a gain in 1908,
the increase being from $6,864,162 in 1907 to $8,661,476 in
1908, or 26.18 per cent. This product finds its largest use
in the Middle West — Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, and Mich¬
igan reporting 89.84 per cent of the total.

Fire brick was reported in 1908 to the value of $10,696,216,
compared with $14,946,045 in 1907, a decrease of 28.43 Per
cent. The quantity decreased from 783,017,000 in 1907 to
552,366,000 in 1908, a loss of 29.46 per cent.

Pottery products decreased in value from $30,143,474 in
1907 to $25,135,555, a loss of 16.61 per cent. The value of
the pottery products was nearly one-fifth of the value of all
clay products.

Copies of this chart may be had by addressing the Director,
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

CLKY RECORD,

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CLKY

THE BRICK INDUSTRY OF EVANSVILLE.

Evansville, the thriving industrial center of Southern
Indiana, is the home of the Standard Brick Mfg. Com¬
pany, who are operating several of the best plants in the
southwest. William Suhrheinrich is president, H. C.
Kleymeyer, general manager, and John Andres, secre¬
tary, H. Kleymeyer and F. Klutey, of the Kleymeyer-
Klutey Brick & Tile Works, Henderson, Kentucky, are
also stockholders and directors. 125 men are employed
at the Evansville yards, the annual capacity being 20,-
.000,000 brick which is at present fully sufficient to sup¬
ply local trade and the territory for many miles around.

The company’s largest plant is located on the Upper
Mt. Vernon Road at the intersection of Tekoppel avenue
on the western outskirts of the city. Here was found

skillful arrangement of this machinery makes it possible
for two men to haul the clay from the pit, pass it through
the various reducing machinery, over the conveying sys¬
tem and distribute it in the storage shed, the daily ca¬
pacity being enough to make 60,000 brick.

After the shale has gone through a sweating process,
during a period averaging sixty days, it is then in fur¬
ther preparation run through a high speed Fernholtz
pulverizer, a set of Dunlap revolving screens, a rotary
clay mixer, and then fed into two Berg dry presses,
where the brick are moulded into shape four at a time.
This equipment is in duplicate, giving the plant a capac¬
ity of 40,000 brick per day, by what is called the dry
press process.

The kiln in which the brick are burned is a Haigh semi-

Standard Brick Manufacturing

a large deposit of carboniferous shale, a hard, rock-like
substance which must be blasted. It is hauled up an in¬
cline track by drum and cable to a tipple-dump, from
which it is fed into a rock crusher which breaks up the
larger lumps. From here the shale is transferred by a
belt conveyor to a mixing machine where enough water
is added to give the clay the proper dampness; then it
is dropped into a nine foot Raymond dry pan which re¬
duces the lumps to about the size of rice kernels, after
which it is elevated and carried to the storage shed by
a system of Jeffrey’s conveyors which distribute the
material to all parts of the immense shed which holds
clay enough for a million and half brick, and provides for
the weathering of the clay as well as for the steady ope¬
ration of the plant regardless of weather conditions. The

Co’s. Piant at Evansville, Ind.

continuous kiln, consisting of 36 chambers, the draft be¬
ing furnished through a subterranean tunnel connected
with a brick stack 150 ft. high, 7 ft. in diameter inside
and 14 ft. on the foundations. Each of the chambers has
a capacity of 20,000 brick, three sets of chambers to each
machine being kept under fire constantly while some of
the chambers are cooling, and others are being emptied
and then refilled.

Since building the Haigh kiln, which superseded four
immense up draft kilns, the product at this yard has been
greatly improved. Scarcely any salmon brick being
found in any of the chambers, and the saving in fuel is
considerable.

At plant No. 2 in the extreme eastern part of the city,
the company is making soft mud brick on an Arnold-

CLAY RECORD.

Creager machine at the rate of 30,000 per day, the three
large up draft kilns being equipped with the Boss system
of burning and the fan is driven by an electric motor.
The principal stockholders in the Standard Company

brick, and a six track dryer for the drain tile, the hot
blast system being used, a 12 ft. Green fuel economizer
fan and heaters supply both dryers.

The company is fortunate in the location of their three

Showing end of Haigh Continuous Kiln at Standard Brick Works.

also control the First Avenue Brick & Tile Company plants, having one in each end of the city, which en-
plant just north of the city. Herman Bredenkamp is ables them to handle any contract wherever situated to
superintendent. Here also a red sand mould brick is advantage. Their land holdings are extensive, the com-

Interior view of Shed over Haigh Kiln at Evansville.

made on the Potts machine and drain tile on machin¬
ery installed by the American Clay Machinery Company,
the drying of the material is accomplished in two .tunnels
dryers, situated 100 ft. apart, a 15 track dryer for the

bined total being 140 acres, the shale bank at plant No.
1 running to a depth 50 ft. Altogether the clay deposits
in sight are ample to supply the demand for fifty to one
hundred years.

CL-HY RECORD.

ARTIFICIAL DRYING AS AN INVESTMENT.

By M. W. Blair, St. Louis, Mo.

The artificial drying of clay ware, especially the cheaper
products, such as building brick and drain tile, has been given
considerable attention in the last few years. There are many
able gentlemen who still advocate the open air or natural
method, modified, it is true, by sheds that fold up and close
that a child can handle, but crude, expensive and out-of-date
nevertheless. The first and a natural question of a manufac¬
turer is, “Does it pay?”, “And if not, why has my competitor
built one?’’ It is my intention to direct your attention to a
few facts in an endeavor to answer these questions.

Leaving out of the question for a moment the direct, tan¬
gible money return, some of the advantages of artificial
drying are these, i. e.

It condenses the plant, reducing the general operating
costs, fire risks and factory investment.

It enables the capital invested to work practically the year
round, and makes possible a more permanent working force.

It enables a plant to stock up during the winter months for
the active demand of spring when prices are best, and enables
a small plant to thus handle larger contracts than it otherwise
could.

It renders a plant practically independent of weather con¬
ditions, and makes the operation of the plant practically con¬
tinuous, thus deriving all the benefit possible from machinery
and kiln equipment, which are otherwise many times in a sea¬
son made entirely useless by a twenty-minute summer shower.

It lessens the danger of damaged ware from rain and
breakage in handling.

These points doubtless cover the reasons your competitor
had for putting in a dryer and in part tells why you should
follow his example.

There are a few clays which cannot be dried in an artificial
dryer of proper construction. The reason why seemingly
workable clays have not been successfully dried is not so
much the fault of the clay or of the dryer, as popularly sup¬
posed, as it is the fault of the structure of the clay column
as it comes from the machine. I fully believe that 75 per cent
of the trouble in drying is due to this and other causes
outside the dryer.

The blame for cracked ware, centerchecks and other defects
which only manifest themselves upon drying have for years
been attributed to faulty dryers. I maintain that if the selec¬
tion and preparation of the clay and mechanical construction
of the machine were correct it would be impossible from the
same clay and under the same conditions of manufacture to
produce such a wide range of quality as is actually found

It is difficult to determine the earning power of a dryer
in dollars and cents, as the amount varies with each in¬
dividual case, but it can be shown that they will pay in actual
cash for their construction- and operation. The advantages
mentioned may therefore be considered as profit.

Suppose we look for a moment at a dryer of twenty thou¬
sand daily capacity. The cost of buildings and equipment will
average about $300 per thousand brick, daily capacity. Tak¬
ing 20,000 as a basis the cost of drying, using waste heat

from cooling kilns, per year would be :

Interest $6,000 at 6 per cent . $ 360.00

Depreciation $6,000 at 10 per cent . 600.00

Fuel (steam for fans) 20 H.P. coal at $3.00 . 864.00

$1,824.00

For a direct fired, radiated heat dryer the cost would be

about the same:

Interest $6,000 at 6 per cent . $ 360.00

Depreciation $6,000 at 10 per cent . 600.00

Fuel 300 lb. per 1,000 brick . 2025.00

_ $2,985.00

♦Read at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers’
Association, held at Milwaukee,

For live steam the fuel cost would run about the same, but
there would be the added expense of repairs and annoyance
of operation.

The cost of an open-air system to handle 20 M will vary

from $1,000 to $2,000.

Interest at 6 per cent per $1,000 . $ 60.00

Depreciation at 10 per cent . 100.00

Cost of handling at 25c (3,000,000) . 750.00

Interest on $20,000 at 6 per cent for three months . . . 400.00

Profit at $1.00 per M on 2,000 M additional output 2000.00

$3,310.00

1,824.00

$1,496.00

It is thus seen that a plant making only 20,000 per day
could afford to borrow the necessary capital to invest in a
dryer and at the end of the year with waste heat show a
profit of $1,496.

The best dryer to install is a question which should always
be determined by local conditions. All other things being
equal, however, the use of waste heat from the cooling kilns
should be given preference as the most easily controlled, the
most efficient and the most economical.

In my judgment a steam dryer of any form should be the
last considered and only used in mild climates. The expense
and annoyance of bursted pipes from frost or neglect and
trouble from other sources become a burden and from the
very fact that the construction of this class of dryer can be
made cheap as compared with the waste heat. Even as con¬
structed the results obtained are fairly good on the surface
for a few months, but later an examination of fuel bills and
repair costs will show that it is only another of those very
pretty deceptions upon which the infant brick maker cuts his
eye teeth.

Two factors are necessary to the successful drying of brick,
these are heat and circulation ; heat to evaporate the water in
the clay and circulation to carry away the vapor formed.
Neither one will succeed without the other, and to obtain the
best results both must be under control.

Cheap construction never pays, and among the worst places
to use cheap construction is the dryer. Very, soon tracks be¬
gin to settle or spread, cars are wrecked, and tempers ruined
by the necessity of unloading a car of ware in a temperature
of 150 degrees F.

From an investment point of view the construction should
be the best, and absolutely fireproof. There should never be
a stick of wood used. The rail should be at least 20 pounds to
the yard, and should be on iron ties. The floor should be of
concrete and the roof concrete provided with expansion
joints and covered with some roofing material or with a
water proofed coat. A concrete slab is easier to apply than
book tile, brick platten or clay. Cars should be reasonably
heavy. When axles less than 1^ inches or wheels weighing
less than 25 pounds are used they are shortly found in the
scrap heap. A good serviceable dryer car will weigh between
five and six hundred pounds. Dryer equipment throughout
like any other equipment from the standpoint of investment
cannot be too good.

And in conclusion I will say that any investment which
decreases loss from damaged ware, eliminates the effects of
bad weather, lessens the cost of handling, increases possible
running time, holds the employees together, a^d increases the
production of a plant, and yet does not matei tally increase the
running expenses, is a good investment.

CLAY RECORD.

GAS BELT BRICK COMPANY ONE OF LAR¬
GEST IN WEST.

The Gas Belt Brick company, incorporated a few days ago
with $750,000 capital stock, will soon be comfortably located
in its quarters on the third floor of the Columbian building,
Topeka, Kansas. This will be one of the largest brick, tile
and hollow ware concerns in the country and one of the two
largest west of the Mississippi river. The company is in¬
corporated for $750,000 and everything considered, has the
brightest of prospects.

One of the valuable assets of the company is a large num¬
ber of cheap long time gas leases. On this item alone the
company expects to save thousands of dollars which usually
go into fuel in the making of brick and other similar wares.
One of the five large plants is now in course of construction
at Henrietta, Okla., and four others are to be constructed as
rapidly as possible. All five of the plants will be located in
Oklahoma because of the differential freight rates now in
effect there. The five plants now planned will have a
capacity of half a million brick per day, or the equivalent of
this amount in other shale products.

In the Oklahoma gas fields, which are acknowledged to be
the greatest in the world, gas which would amount to 500,-
000,000 barrels daily is not bottled up. The supply of gas is
practically unlimited, as this production could be multiplied
by ten with very little effort. And beside the gas, which is
the cheapest of fuel, there is also in Oklahoma the two other
fuels, coal and oil. At the Henrietta plant all three of the
fuels abound. The next two plants to be constructed will bt
at Pawhuska and Tulsa. The exact location of the remain-
inn two plants has not been definitely decided upon.

Another reason for having the plants located in Oklahoma
is that the new state is now engaged in the construction of
many buildings, both public and private, and brick for the
last year has been worth $1 per thousand more there than
it is in Kansas for this reason. With what the company will
save on fuel and labor the profits will be exceedingly large.

The possibilities of such a business as the Gas Belt Brick
company has been under consideration by the men who are in¬
terested in the company for more than a year. They arc
practical brick men and business men. By their plan it is
believed that ninety per cent of the cost of brick and similar
productions can be saved. This means that they will make
brick at about one-tenth of the cost of making it in the ordi¬
nary brick yard, and the profits to the stockholders will be
correspondingly large. And there are few brick plants, now,
that, properly managed, are not paying from 25 to 70 per cent
on the investment.

As an indication of the worth of brick securities, the panic
of two years ago had the effect of lowering the prices of
structural steel and cement securities, but brick securities
remained stationary. As to the efficiency of brick, the fire
and earthquake at Frisco a few years ago demonstrated be¬
yond a doubt that neither stone nor cement were as imper¬
vious to fire and water as the brick.

The market for the products of the new concern, which
will include all gas burned shale made products, will be such
that it will be but a question of how rapidly the company’s
wares can be made and shipped. It will be the market of
the west, there being only one other such concern in the west.
Because of the low cost of production longer shipments can
be made than can be made by most companies, and still the
prevailing prices in the various localities can be met, and with
a good profit to the concern.

Bonds running for fifteen years unless recalled sooner
under the terms of the contract, will be sold by the company.
These bonds are sold for the purpose of raising money to
build the five gigantic plants contemplated by the company.
The bonds will pay 7 per cent interest beside giving the

owner a bonus of one-half the face value of the bonds in the
stock of the company. As soon as the first plant, now under
construction, is completed and operation begins, dividends
will be paid out of the profits.

The Gas Belt Brick company has a neatly prepared pros¬
pectus which will be furnished upon application, and which
tells more definitely of the plans and assets of the company.
Letters should be addressed to the companay at Room 31,
Columbian building.

The officers are: President, C. J. Price, Topeka; vice-
president, E. G. Potter, Minneapolis, Minn.; secretary, W.
S. Cochrane, Chanute ; treasurer, F. E. Blaise, Topeka ; at¬
torney, John J. Jones, Chanute ; trustee for bondholders, John

R. Mulvane, Topeka.

- -

TWO SPOKANE COMPANIES CONSOLIDATE.

Spokane, Wash., August 13. — Washington Brick, Lime
and Manufacturing company and the Spokane Sewer Pipe
company have consolidated their interests in a $2,000,000
corporation, with Joseph H. Spear, head of the first named
concern as president and manager. The new company will
take over all the plants and other property of the first named
company, also carry out the plans of the sewer pipe com¬
pany to erect a $300,000 plant adjoining the east city limits
of Spokane. Identified with the corporation are the follow¬
ing: William M. Colby of Mason City, Iowa, vice presi¬
dent ; S. J. Boal of Minneapolis, secretary ; T. Ed. Redman of
Jackson, Mich., treasurer ; L. A. Spear, director.

The sewer pipe plant, occupying part of 15 acres, will
have a capacity of 1,500 carloads a year and employ 150 men.
The large clay deposits which the company owned at Mica,
Wash., become the property of the consolidated companies,
and will be used in the manufacture of the sewer pipe and
clay products in the new plant.

The Washington Brick, Lime and Manufacturing com¬
pany’s plants and office building and ground in Spokane are
included in the consolidation. The clay products plant is
located at Clayton, Wash., and has a capacity of 80,000
brick a day. It is the largest terra cotta plant west of
Chicago. The town site, company dwellings and stores go in
with the deal.

The Freeman brick plank at Freeman, Wash., has a ca¬
pacity of 120,000 brick a day, and the lime plant at Bay View,
Idaho, has a capacity of 500 barrels a day. Four thousand
acres of land is included in the consolidation, belonging to
Mr. Spear’s company. The three plants employ 250 men.

“We came to the northwest because we consider this the
best field for sewer pipe and building materials in the
United States,” said T. Ed. Redman, treasurer of the new
company. “Cities in the northwest are doubling in popula¬
tion every 10 years, besides new ones are springing up.
There is a tremendous amount of building and extension of
sewerage systems. Add to this that the clay deposits we have
are the equal, if not the superior, of any in the United States,
and we have ideal conditions for the kind of factory we are
establishing and operating.”

The Washington Brick, Lime and Manufacturing company
was established in 1889, the result of a partnership in 1888
by J. H. Spear and H. N. Belt under the name of Spear &
Belt. In the following year Mr. Spear acquired Mr. Belt’s
interests and changed the name of the company to the W ash-
ington Brick, Lime and Manufacturing company. Mr. Spear
owned practically all of the stock up to the time of the con¬
solidation with the Spokane Sewer Pipe company.

The plant at Clayton was built 10 years ago to manufacture
the brick. It now has five times the capacity of the original
plant. At the St. Louis exposition in 1904 products from
this plant took second prize for range of production and
quality of clay. At the Portland exposition products from
the plant took first prize.

CLKY RECOFtu

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

920,544. Device for Removing Obstructions in Conduits.
Thomas J. Cope, Philadelphia, Pa. Filed Feb. 5, 1908.
Serial No. 414,390.

A device for removing an obstruction in the interior of a
conduit, comprising a cutting member of less cross area
than the conduit and adapted to have its cutting edge en¬
gage an obstruction, and means embodying a flexible mem¬
ber movable through said cutting member, and a device car¬
ried by said flexible means for forcibly striking the cut¬
ting member to drive its edge against and through said ob¬
struction.

A device for removing an obstruction in the interior of a
conduit, consisting of a cutting member of less cross area
than the interior of the conduit, flexible means movable
through said cutter, and a ram connected with said flexible
means and provided with means actuating it in one direc¬
tion for forcing the cutting edge of said cutting member
against the obstruction.

921,142. Tile-Machine. William W. Myers and Jesse R.
Royer, Janesville, Iowa. Filed Sept. 26, 1908. Serial No.
454,873.'

In a tile machine, in combination, a mold-casing, concen¬
tric shaft oppositely rotatable in said casing, a core secured
on each shaft and located one above the other, and eccen¬
trically adjustable former-plates secured to each core, said
cores and attached plates working within said casing and
spaced apart therefrom.

In a tile machine, in combination, a cold-casing, opposite-
ly-rotatable shafts in said casing, a core secured to each
shaft, one being located above the other, former-plates de¬
tachably secured about the outer periphery of each core,
each of said plates being both radially and eccentrically ad¬
justable from the axis of its core, said cores and attached
plates working within and spaced away from said mold¬
casing.

921,879. Brick-Glazing Compound. Henry Ohlsen and
John Ohlsen, Loup City, Nebr. Filed Feb. 17, 1908. Serial

No. 416,383.

A glazing composition comprising lead pigment mixed
with muddy clay water and an alcoholic liquor.

A glazing composition comprising lead pigment mixed
with clay water and an alcoholic liquor, and a coloring in¬
gredient commingled therewith.

A glazing composition composed of one part lead pig¬
ment, one part brandy and one part muddy clay water.

A glazing composition comprising one part lead pigment,
one part muddy clay water, one part blue vitriol water, one
part air-slaked lime and one part alcoholic liquor.

922,594. Building-Block. Roy E. Keagle, Lodi, Cal.
Filed Feb. 15, 1907. Serial No. 357,449.

A building block comprising a block proper having end
projections extending vartically from top to bottom of the

inner face of said block, a center projection on said block
proper, such center projection being in substantial alinement
with said end projections, obliquely projecting arms extend¬
ing outward from said center projection and forming an in¬
termediate air space, and a tying tongue projecting outward
from the outer ends of such obliquely extending arms.

923,108. Vibrating Screen or Separator. Willard J.
Bell, Newaygo, Mich., and Thomas L. Sturtevant, Quincy,
and Thomas J. Sturtevant, Wellesley, Mass.; said T. L. and
T. J. Sturtevant assignors to said Bell. Filed Oct 4, 1907.
Serial No. 395,935.

The combination with a wire cloth screen, of a frame on
which said screen is mounted, means comprising stretching
springs mounted on the said frame, acting on said wire
cloth screen and serving to hold the same under elastic ten¬

sion in said frame and relative to the bars thereof, means
for imparting percussive vibrating movements to said
screen, and protecting means for preventing the screen sur¬
face from being injured by the percussive mechanism.

The combination with an inclined, spring-supported, wire
cloth screen, of mechanism arranged below the same and
serving to impart percussive vibrating movements thereto,
a frame on which said screen is mounted, and one or more
stretching springs acting on the said wire cloth screen and
serving to hold the same under elastic tension relative to the
bars of said frame.

CLAY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

As the summer advances building operations in San Fran¬
cisco continue to grow in volume until now they are larger
than they have been any time this season and are considerably
ahead of the record established last year. While there are no
very large contracts to be noted the great number of medium
sized ones amply make up the deficiency. It is noteworthy
that the character of construction this season is of a high
average, and that the buildings that are going up, both in the
city and in the suburban towns, are less and less inclined to be
along the cheap order. This is in part a natural result for it
is noticeable that the better buildings that cost the most, and
command the highest rent are the structures that do not
lack for tenants.

From the building trades comes the news that there are
fewer members now lacking employment than has been the
case in the past two years and conditions are reported as be¬
ing favorable for a splendid fall season. Conditions gener¬
ally are satisfactory and with plenty of materials of all kinds
on hand building operations are not being hampered from the
lack of speedy delivery as was the case during the great rush
of building. Pressed brick and terra cotta work seems to be
coming more and more into favor even where concrete is the
main material used. There is less cement now being used
than has been the case at any time since the fire, due largely
to the fact that so many of the buildings now being erected
here are of class “C” construction and builders have not
looked kindly upon its use for -buildings of this class.

The announcement is made that within a short time work
will be commenced upon the erection of the Examiner build¬
ing at Third and Market streets and this will be one of the
largest undertakings in recent months. This building will be
the tallest in the city and brick and tile will enter largely into
its construction. Another building where Mission tiling will
play a prominent part in the construction is the Mission Sav¬
ings Bank at Sixteenth and Valencia streets.

There is but very little old brick now being offered in this
market, the largest lot being that taken from the old city
hall. The task of razing this structure has been practically
completed but there is still considerable brick to be cleaned
and placed in a salable condition. No decision has been
reached in regard to a new location for the city hall and as
it is possible that the old site will be used no attempts have
been made to remove any of the brick foundation work. The
common brick market is not in as satisfactory a shape as is the
pressed and fancy brick and terra cotta market but prices are
on a firm footing again and no reductions are anticipated in
the near future. A number of plants in the vicinity of San
Francisco are not being operated this summer on account of
the over-production that threatens the market and a number
of others are making preparations to close down much earlier
in the fall than they ordinarily do. The demand for vitrified
brick is showing an improvement of late due to the activities
in sewer construction, and another large contract totalling a
half million dollars has just been let by the city.

W. McKenzie of Alta, Cal., has just completed a transfer
of his ranch properties in that vicinity to a company of
Eastern capitalists who plan to establish a plant for the manu¬
facture of fire brick. A large bed of clay lies on the ranch
near the Little Bear River and this also carries quite a quan¬
tity of gold which will be extracted before producing the
brick. A sawmill has just been set up on the property to
furnish the lumber needed for commencing operations. Be¬
sides manufacturing brick it is the intention to ship large
quantities of clay in the crude state to be used elsewhere for
manufacturing purposes.

The Mount Shasta Volcanic Tile & Cement Co. of Yreka,
Cal., has commenced operations and the plant at Igerna is
now turning out brick on a limited scale. One-brick machine
is now in operation with a capacity of 12,000 brick a day while

three tile machines are busy. Others will be added at once
as the superior product of the plant insures a heavy demand
for the goods. The quarry yields a volcanic rock, a coarse
gravel, a lighter gravel, a fine dust, hard to distinguish from
pure cement, and a volcanic sand that has a strong affinity
for water and crystallizes rapidly.

The King City Brick and Enamel Works of King City,
Cal., is preparing to open a brick plant at that place soon.
This company, which we recently organized, is composed
of A. E. Reynolds, president; Wm. Casey, vice president;
F. G. Vivian, secretary ; J. H. McDougall, treasurer ; J. W.
Range, general manager, and J. H. Smith, consulting en¬
gineer. Preparations are now being made for breaking
ground for the factory.

The terra cotta plant of Gladding, McBean & Co. is run¬
ning on full time and a number of contracts have been se¬
cured of late for work in this city. The new ten story
building to be erected by the White Investment Company at
California and Battery streets will be faced with their prod¬
uct. Work on the facing material for the Columbia theatre
building is progressing very rapidly and this material will be
placed in position within a very short time as the building is
nearing completion. This work is regarded as being the
most important from an artistic standpoint that has been
attempted in the new San Francisco and is expected to call
increased attention to terra cotta as an artistic facing ma¬
terial.

A new brick company has just been formed at Tacoma,
Wash., by C. C. Adams, Ft. B. Scovell, J. B. Champlain and
J. Moser. The new firm will be known as the Red Rock
Brick Company and controls clay deposits near Tacoma.

Another Northwest enterprise that is assuming definite
shape is the one being fostered by L. S. Thomas at Rainier,
Ore. A fine clay deposit has been located there and a com¬
pany is being formed for the purpose of installing a plant.

A brick plant will shortly be established at Holtville, Cal.,
by J. C. Schenck.

The Pyrmont Brick Company of Oakland, Cal., has been
incorporated at Auburn with a capital stock of $400,000.

The new machinery of the San Luis Brick Company has
been received at San Luis, Obispo, Cal., and has been in¬
stalled. Work has been commenced and a large run will be

made before the winter season sets in.

- - » « - -

GOVERNMENT REPORTS ON THE FIRE RE¬
SISTANCE OF BUILDING MATERIALS.

The United States geological survey nas issued a bulletin
recording the results of tests made by its technological branch
of the fire-resistive qualities of various building materials.
The tests were made at the underwriters’ laboratories in Chi*
cago, the materials being subjected to the direct application
of heat for two hours, then being exposed to a stream of
water.

The report stated that the conditions of the tests were un¬
usually severe and that none of the materials passed per¬
fectly, the temperature used being greater than that expected
in an ordinary fire. The fact brought out most clearly is the
low heat transmission rate of Portland cement mortars and
concretes, this being one of the desirable qualities in mate¬
rials intended for fireproofing purposes.

Brick sustained the tests better than the other materials,
50 per cent of the new bricks being split while 60 to 70 per
lent of the old bricks were not damaged, the hydraulic Dressed
Wick standing the tests better than the sand-lime brick.

The various natural building stones tested were so seriously
damaged that no comparison is made among them. The re
suits on hollow concrete blocks showed that the strength of
the webs is usually insufficient to resist the stresses set up in
such tests, as the rapidly rising temperature and the subse¬
quent quenching caused the webs to split.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893. at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. AUGUST 14, 1909. No. 3

•*l like to read American advertisements. They are Is
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
eountry by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
eut of every hundred merchants advertise most when there Is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

An ounce of jolly goes farther than a ton of advice.

A soft answer often may start good luck your way.

It takes a hundred cents to make a dollar, but it takes more
than a dollar’s worth of sense to make a man.

You may have a right to your own sorrows, but you have
no right to throw their shadows in another’s way.

Many will tell you that it is out of date to advertise any¬
thing as the “best.” Yet when you have the best and you
know by all signs and reasons it is, it seems further out of
date not to say so.

This is true. The man that has been taking morphine for
ten years can’t stop it off in a day or a week, but he can begin
to reduce the doses. The same with the man who does not
advertise. He can begin with small doses and work up to a
profitable business.

The advertising in the Clay Record is inserted in the belief
that all statements made therein may be implicitly relied upon.
We therefore commend to our readers as entitled to their
special consideration and patronage, the firms whose business
advertisements are found in these pages.

ALL REPORTS ENCOURAGING.

R. G. Dun & Co.’s Weekly Review of Trade says:

“All branches of business affected by the new tariff law are
rapidly adjusting themselves to the amended schedules and
the ending of the period of uncertainty as to the rates of duty
to be imposed has already had the effect of stimulating trade.
Reports from all the important cities in all the leading trades
are most encouraging.

“In the iron and steel trade each week serves to bring an
increased volume of business to the mills, and labor is in
greater request. Advices from the principal industrial cen¬
ters indicate that working forces are being enlarged when¬
ever possible, and retail trade shows more activity as pay
rolls expand. Conditions in the steel rail division steadily
improve, the railroads buying with increased freedom. Lib¬
eral orders are received for cars, but structural contracts are
not significant, although considerable business for moderate
lots continues to be placed.”

GENERAL TRADE GAINING.

Bradstreet’s says :

“Improvement is more manifest in general trade and in¬
dustry this week, but there is still present the feeling of con¬
servatism hitherto noted, which makes for small and frequent
rather than heavy individual sales. Developments have been
largely favorable, chief among these the increased arrivals
of buyers in most markets, a greater disposition to take hold
for fall and spring delivery, a favorable government crop
report, the continuance of the marked strength in security
markets, the growing firmness of the time money market.

“Trade with first hands in dry goods is fair, while jobbing
trade expands most rapidly, and retail trade is now engaged
in digesting the remnants of summer business. The railroad
situation is improving and idle cars are disappearing on the
western lines as the winter wheat movement enlarges. In¬
dustries are active, iron and steel leading, with railroads re¬
ported buying freely of rails, cars, and locomotives.

"Business failures in the United States for the week end¬
ing with August 12 were 219, against 184 last week, 249 in
the like week of 1908, 146 in 1907, 143 in 1906, and 147 in
1905.”

BRICK FOR COUNTRY ROADS INSTEAD OF

MACADAM.

In Allegheny county, Fa., notes the New Castle News,
there will be no more country roads paved with other than
brick.

The hundreds of thousands spent in macadam highways
have taught the officials at last that the only satisfactory im¬
provement is to be secured through the use of brick.

The same decision is announced in Mahoning county, Ohio,
where the county commissioners, in session at Youngstown,
decided to use brick for the paving of the new roads planned
for the southern part of the county. A brick roadway will
be laid on one side of the highway, and the other will be re¬
served for a dirt roadway for summer use.

The cost of keeping up broken stone roads has proven sc
much greater than that of brick roads, that the slight addi¬
tional cost of the latter can be undertaken with safety by the
most economical.

CLAY RECORD.

OBITUARY.

Fred Kirsch, manager of the Paragould Brick Company at
Paragould, Ark., and one of the best known citizens of that
city, died at his home after a brief illness. He was formerly
a resident of Belleville, Ill., where he was raised and was
taken to that city for interment.

Fred W. Conradt, treasurer of the Great Western Pottery
Co., Tiffin, Ohio and 50 years of age, dropped dead at his
home on the evening of Aug. 13th, having just returned from
the factory.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

Fire destroyed the plant of the Greathouse Brick & Tile
Co. at Lewisport, Ky., causing a loss of over $5,000 on the
machinery. D. B. Greathouse was the owner.

Fire destroyed the dry kilns and a tenement house of the
Day & Harvey Brick & Lumber Co. at Independence, La.
The loss was $2,500. No insurance.

A fire in the Scanlon Brick Co.’s plant at Crescent, N. Y.,
destroyed part of one of the kiln sheds and did other dam¬
age.

Fire at the plant of the Stevens Point (Wis.) Brick Co.’s
plant, otherwise known as the Polish Brick Co., did $1,000
damages, fully covered by insurance.

The main building of the Hayes Run Fire Brick Co., at
Hayes Run, near Lock Haven, Pa., was destroyed by fire,
causing a loss of $75,000, $40,000 insurance. The plant will
be rebuilt at once as it was being run night and day to fill its
orders.

- . - - -

HAVERSTRAW RENEWS WAR ON BRICK

PEOPLE.

The fight of the village of Haverstraw, N. Y., against J.
Esler Eckerson, owner of the big brickyards there, has been
renewed. One case against Eckerson, who was indicted in
Rockland county, was tried here two years ago and Charles
Morschauser was counsel for Eckerson. Eckerson was de¬
feated, but he carried the case to the appellate division of the
supreme court and had the judgment reversed. Just.ce Mor
schauser also figured in the case on motions brought before
him. The conditions now are as they were before the brick
people resumed operations.

The lines upon which excavations may be made with safety
to contiguous property were laid down by Judge Tompkins,
in the supreme court, when he granted an injunction to the
Milage of Haverstraw, restraining J. Esler Eckerson and
others from making further excavations in Rockland street
in the vicinity of Jefferson street, the scene of the great land¬
slide of 1906.

In the last case, as in the old one, the property owners pro¬
tested, on the ground that their homes were menaced by
danger of landslides. Judge Tompkins, after hearing the tes¬
timony of experts, held that the safety and preservation of
the streets affected required a slope in clay of four feet hori¬
zontal to one foot perpendicular, while in sand a slope of two
and one-half feet horizontal to one foot perpendicular was
necessary. As the excavations already made exceeded the
limits allowed by this decision, a permanent injunction was
granted.

The court also ordered the defendants to fill in and restore
the necessary support of Rockland and Jefferson streets at
their own cost.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES, AND LOSSES

Elliott Schall of Templeton, Pa., died of injuries received
by a cave-in of the clay mine at the Harbison-Walker Brick
Co. plant.

The Nowata (Okla.) Brick Works was bought at Sheriff
Sale by John B. Pollard for $6,100. The company will be
reorganized.

Charles Conner lost one of his eyes by failing to go fast
enough away from 3 chot at the mine of the Diamond Brick
Co., at Oak HiK, _ano.

Virgil Thursten was badly injured at the Southwestern
Brick Co.’s plant at Cherryvale, Kansas. His nose was
broken and his scalp cut.

Stephen A. Gilmore, proprietor of the brickyard at Marl¬
boro road at Westboro, Mass., has failed. His liabilities are
$2,675, assets $1,277.

Mr. A. P. Wood and Mrs. C. S. Wood have brought suit
against the Palmer Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga., for $8,000, claim¬
ing it is due on a lease on lands held by the brick company.

Fred Swanson, an employee of the Purrington Paving
Brick Co., Galesburg, Ill., got his arm caught in a belt and
was dragged between the belt and a pulley and badly in¬
jured.

The Wyoming (Pa.) Brick Mfg. Co. asks $50,000 damages
from the Temple Iron Co. and the Mt. Lookout Coal Co.
for their directing a water course so it overflowed their prop¬
erty.

Wilber F. Allen has been appointed receiver for the Cha-
nute (Kansas) Cement & Clay Products Co., on application
of E. E. Donnely, a Chanute contractor, who has claims of
$4039.71.

Sam Williams, a convict, is sueing the Arkansas Brick and
Mfg. Co., Little Rock, Ark., for $12,500 damages for the
loss of one of his arms when he was oiling the company’s
machinery when he was in prison.

ILLINOIS LEADS THE STATES IN COMMON

BRICK.

The United States geological survey has just published a
large chart showing the statistics of the clay-making indus¬
tries in 1908 by states and products, with comparative totals
for 1907. This chart shows that the clay products of the
United States in 1908 were valued at $133,197,762, compared
with $158,942,369 in 1907, a decrease of about one-sixth.
Every state and territory except Alaska is represented in this
total, a fact which shows the widespread character of the
clay-working industries.

Ohio is the leading clay-working state, reporting products
worth $26,622,490, or 19.99 Per cent of the total. Pennsyl¬
vania, New Jersey, Illinois, New York, Indiana, Missouri,
California, Iowa, and West Virginia are the next largest
producing states, in the order named.

Every state reported common brick, the total .quantity being
7,811,046,000, valued at $44,76t.6i4; this represents over
one-third of the value of all clay products. Illinois is the
leading producer of common brick, reporting 1,119,224,000.
valued at $4,834,652, or $4.32 per thousand. New York is
the second in quantity but first in value, the figures being
1,055,006,000, valued at $5,066,084, or $4.80 per thousand.
The average value per thousand ranged from $3.97 in Kansas
to $10.33 'n Wyoming, with a general average of $5.73.

Drain tile reported a gain in 1908, the increase being from
$6,864,162 in 1907 to $8,661,476 in 1908, or 26.18 per cent.
This product finds its largest use in the middle west — Iowa,
Indiana, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan reporting 89.84 per cent
of the total.

CLAY RECORD.

TESTS FAVOR USE OF SOLID CLAY BRICK

FOR WALLS.

The tests on the fire-resistive properties of various build¬
ing materials made by the United States Geological Survey
are only a beginning of the extensive work projected by that
branch of the government, but, incomplete though they are,
they demonstrate some of the necessary qualifications of the
material which will best stand up against a fierce and pro¬
longed fire, says Engineering News. The conditions of heat
and quenching in the tests are much more severe than in the
ordinary conflagration, but the experience of a few large
fires has shown that they are not too severe for what a good
building material should stand. In the Parker building fire
in New York, it will be remembered, the molten metal found
showed a temperature close to 2,000 deg. F. in places, which
for the short time it probably raged is certainly equaled by
the continued 1,700 deg. F. of the tests.

Aside from the surface spalling which can hardly be pre¬
vented and which causes no permanent defect to the struc¬
ture of a building, it is evident from the tests that the prin¬
cipal danger to be expected from a fire is the failure of the
structure of the material from expansion under heat and the
subsequent contraction under sudden quenching. This fail¬
ure is permanent and not only causes a total loss of the ma¬
terial itself but, when that material is used as a curtain wall
as most fire-resistive stones, tiles and concretes are, its failure
means the destruction by fire or water of the interior of the
building. The low coefficient of expansion and the low coeffi¬
cient of heat conduction which generally go together are
then the desirable qualities in a fire-resistive material.

Briefly, the results from the tests are as follows : All of the
material showed serious injury on the fact exposed to the
fire and quenching; all of the cellular blocks with thin webs
and facing, both in concrete and in tile, cracked across the
thin webs ; all of the artificially made solid blocks, either con¬
crete or brick, stood up very well under the severe condi¬
tions ; all of the natural stone block cracked and crumbled
and practically failed in toto.

These results can be easily explained. A building block or
unit to be reasonably safe under long continued fire must
have two properties: a low coefficient of expansion in the
material and a sufficient area to resist the stresses of expan¬
sion. Lacking either of the two it will fail. Clay and con¬
crete both have low coefficients of expansion and are poor
conductors of heat, so in the tests in the solid blocks, either
concrete beams or clay brick with a large area transverse
to the heated plane, the only damage done was on that plane
where the high temperature caused a surface expansion re¬
sulting in spalling. On the contrary, when either material
was made up in cellular blocks the small cross-sections of the
webs and faces were not sufficient to resist even the low ex¬
pansion, and the blocks either cracked or fell apart.

The natural stone has a high heat conductivity. All of the
temperature curves show that the backs of the stone walls
were much hotter than in any of the other materials. With
this high conductivity there was also a high coefficient of ex¬
pansion with the result that the internal stresses in the natural
stone blocks were much greater than even the large area could
resist, and they cracked and crumbled.

Unfortunately, this does not solve the fireproofing problem.
Fireproofing means generally the protection of an otherwise
non-fire resistant material ; this protection must necessarily
be light and thin and therefore, regardless of its nature, sub¬
ject to more danger through expansion than if it were thick.
The problem, therefore, is to decide upon the proper thick¬
ness so that the area is just great enough to resist the ex¬

pansion, and this the limited number of tests have not solved.
The experiments have shown, however, that solid clay brick
make good curtain walls and that hollow tile or concrete block
are dangerous articles to submit to the intense heat of a
severe conflagration.

- - ♦ - -

NEW YORK MAYOR ORDERS THE TESTING OF
HOLLOW TILE AS WELL AS CINDER CEMENT

The city of New York, through Nelson P. Lewis, chief
engineer of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, will
make a test, it was learned, not only of cinder concrete but
of other fireproofing materials as well. This information
came out, following the return of Mayor McClellan to the
Adirondacks to take up his vacation where he laid it down to
consider the building code.

When the Mayor vetoed the code he suggested that as
cinder concrete seemed the principal bone of contention be¬
tween the opposing interests the city conduct a test to see
just what degree of heat various mixtures of cinder concrete
would stand. After Mr. Lewis had a long conference with
the Mayor on the subject, they decided that so long as it
would be necessary for the city to go to a considerable ex¬
pense to prepare the proper plant for testing cinder concrete
it would be advisable to use it at the same time in giving a
thorough try-out to other fireproofing materials.

As a result of this decision tests will be made of hollow
tile, reinforced concrete and other kinds of fireproofing, as
well as of cinder concrete. Not only will their ability to
withstand fire be tested, but their tensile strength as well will
be determined. The Mayor is anxious to have these tests as
nearly conclusive as it is possible to make them, and to that
end has instructed Mr. Lewis to spare no expense and leave
nothing undone which would be calculated to furnish data
that in the future might be needed.

Mr. Lewis started on his vacation some time ago, but re¬
turned to talk with the Mayor. He hopes to make all the
arrangements for the tests before he leaves the city again.
The place of making the tests has not been determined on,
but it has been suggested that they might be held under the
Manhattan approach to the Williamsburg bridge.

After the arches and other forms are constructed of the
various materials they will be allowed to dry and settle thor¬
oughly for a period of thirty or forty days. So it will be well
toward the latter part of September before the tests can be
completed.

When Mayor McClellan started on his vacation he had
planned to end it on August 2, at the end of the thirty-day
period beyond which absence no Mayor may go without
running the risk of having his appointees removed and others
placed in their jobs. There is an unwritten law that the
Mayor shall not remain away from the city for more than
thirty days, except when he may be out of the country. Now,
however, the Mayor has another thirty-day period before
him, and it is expected that he will take advantage of it.

HUDSON RIVER BRICK MAKERS STRIKE.

Coxsackie, N. Y., Aug. 14. Six hundred brick laborers
are on a strike this morning at the Empire Brick Supply com¬
pany’s plant at Empire opposite Coxsackie. The company
recently built a fence around their plant, refusing all wagons
peddling meats, groceries, dry goods and the like on their
property. The men felt that they had a right to buy where
they please whether at the company’s stores or other stores.
The men will not tolerate the fence building and as a result
struck for an increase in wages and the right to purchase at
other places than the company’s stores. No trouble or vio¬
lence has yet broken out.

CLHV RECORD,

TILEVS. CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN NEW YORK

The recent discussion of New York’s proposed Building
Code has brought to light some interesting facts. It was
formally stated to the Mayor, who presided at those meet
ings, by one of the leading concrete experts, that fully 60
per cent of all the fireproofing work in New York was done
by one of the several tile companies there, the National
Fireproofing Company, while sixteen concrete companies
had to scramble for that part of the remaining 40 per cent
that is done by concrete.

Cinder concrete is permitted in New York, the cheapest
known concrete made, and our concrete contemporaries
would have us believe that everything or nearly everything
fireproof built there was concrete, and concrete advertise¬
ments attractively announce that any concrete is as good as
tile, and cinder concrete is infinitely cheaper than the latter.
Yet, on the stand, they have to admit that not all but just one
of the tile companies does 60 per cent of all the fireproofing
in the city.

This certainly would indicate that the building public of
New York is discriminating, wants only the best and safest
material and is willing, in at least 60 per cent of its work,
to pay a little more to secure the very best.

More than that, tile has been the acknowledged standard
fireproofing since 1874; concrete has not yet passed the ex¬
perimental stage in spite of the millions spent in advertis¬
ing and exploiting it, it can hardly be termed a dangerous
competitor of tile-fireproofing for of the existing “fireproof”
buildings the country over fully 94 per cent are tile.

It was further shown at these hearings that the National
Fireproofing Company maintains a great testing laboratory
in Chicago where its work, (as well as every system of con¬
crete construction) is carefully and impartially tried by skilled
engineers, its object is to constantly better its system and
make it less costly to the users.

UNION MEN PROTEST AGAINST
PRISON MADE BRICK.

Brick making at the Minneapolis workhouse is not only a
necessity, but a practical proposition by which Minneapolis
can save money, according to the statement made before the
board of charities and corrections by Superintendent Frank
McDonald of the workhouse.

Upon his recommendation the board will ask the city coun¬
cil to instruct the park commission and other departments to
use the city brick in construction work wherever possible. It
is recommended that if the teamsters’ union refuses to haul
die bt lck the city should use its own teams and men.

The question was brought up following objections raised
by members of the teamsters’ union, who declared that they
would refuse to haul prison-made brick.

“I believe that there is no reason for objection on the part
of the teamsters,” declared Mr. McDonald. “We certainly
must put the workhouse prisoners at some kind of work and
brick making seems the most practical. Our brick is made
from clay owned by the city and the brick itself is owned by
the city. There is no reason why we cannot use it in the con¬
struction of our buildings.

“The teamsters are the only people complaining. The
bricklayers have agreed to lay the brick and think it perfectly
proper for the city to use its brick on its own buildings.”

A statement of the facts is being prepared by the board,
which will be submitted to the council.

BLACK HAWK WILL ENLARGE THEIR PLANT

The Black Hawk Clay Manufacturing Co., Rock Island,
Ill., makes the announcement that it will install during the
coming fall and winter an addition to its present plant at
Sears of 40,000 brick a day. The new addition will be what
is known as a stiff mud plant. The new plant will cost in
the neighborhood of $30,000 and it will be used for the manu¬
facture of hollow blocks, building blocks and vitrified brick.
It will necessitate the purchase of additional crushers and
pug mills, together with buildings, dryers and kilns for the
handling of the clay and brick. Additional switches will
also be asked of the Rock Island road in connection with the
new plant.

The new plant will be located on the west side of the
Milan road just north of the present plant and between that
and the boarding house. Manager Engelbrecht when seen
stated that the new plant would employ about 40 additional
men, to the force now being employed by the company, and
that it will mean almost a doubling of the present capacity of
the plant.

The business of the Black Hawk Clay Manufacturing com¬
pany is steadily increasing and the demand for the brick is
coming in very rapidly. In two days orders for nearly a
quarter of a million of brick were received, including those
of a new high school at Ankney, Iowa, 60,000; a Catholic
church at Jefiferson, Iowa, 80,000; a college building at Min¬
neapolis, 50,000; and a business block in Minneapolis, 28,000,
making a total of 218,000.

GOVERNMENT OPENING OF
IRRIGATED LANDS.

Arrangements have been completed for the opening of
70,000 acres of choice irrigated lands on the Valier (Mont.)
tract, October 7th, 1909. The days set for registering claims
are October 1st. 2nd, 4th, 5th, and 6th, Everything is being
planned for handling the crowds comfortably and for con¬
ducting the drawing without delay or discomfort. This
Carey segregation is to be thrown open to the public at
reasonable terms. The price and terms set by the State
Land Board is $40.50 per acre, including land and perpetual
water rights which are the oldest and best established in
the State. The first payment required is $3.50 per acre
fifteen years are allowed in which to complete the payments
The land will grow as good crops as the best $200 an acre
soils of the corn belt without their uncertainty of seasons,
and home-seekers will doubtless gobble up the 70,000 acres of
irrigated land very quickly.

- -

A CONTRACTOR SUES THE BRICKLAYERS’

UNION.

Fort Smith, Ark. — J. B. Carbaugh, a brick manufacturer
and general contractor, in a suit filed here, affirms that the
stonemasons and the brickmasons have conspired to put him
out of business. He recently secured a contract to erect a
building costing $13,000 and was compelled to cancel the
contract because of a refusal of the stonemasons and the
bricklayers to work for him. He also alleges that he has
been obliged to give up a number of other contracts for the
same reason. His suit is against the officers of the stone¬
masons’ and bricklayers’ organization to recover damages in
accordance with the profits he would have made had he been
permitted to complete the contracts he was compelled to
abandon. He further alleges that he is being boycotted be¬
cause he will not permit the organizations named to control
his business.

CL.7SY RECORD.

LARGE BRICK BUSINESS IN NEW JERSEY.

The New Jersey brick market continues to be remarkably
active, with good contracts going ahead in Jersey City, Ho¬
boken and Newark. This market is expected to increase, due
to the building boom that is expected to follow the actual
operation of the Hudson river tunnels, and it is said that
some New York and the leading New Jersey architects have
more work on hand than they can comfortably accommodate.

Most of this is in the nature of estimating on prospective
structures in the cities named. Hackensack Valley manufac¬
turers report big orders from local and metropolitan markets.
Unprecedented activity is reported in the Passaic and Hack¬
ensack valleys, in factory, office building and considerable
apartment house projects. A reliable authority states that
there has been somewhat less activity in dwelling house con¬
struction in the extreme north section of New Jersey this
year.

Of all the new business reported in New Jersey most of it
is of a contract rather than of a speculative nature. If any¬
thing, there is an overproduction of dwelling houses in the
suburbs, due in a measure to foresightedness of property
owners in anticipating the probable rush of Manhattanites to
the suburbs with the inauguration of easier transportation
facilities between the larger North Jersey cities and Gotham.
But experts agree that this surplus will rapidly be trans¬
formed into a deficit, and that there will be even a greater
demand for apartment houses than heretofore. Therein is
where brick manufacturers expect the present demand will
continue.

■ - « ♦ » -

ROOFING TILE COMPANY IS READY
TO GET BUSY.

The New York Roofing Tile company has purchased from
Richard F. Mueller the eighteen acres of land at Malden
Station, near Saugerties, N. Y., adjoining the present hold¬
ings of the company on the west. This gives the company
the sole ownership of the entire deposit of roofing tile clay,
about forty acres.

Lucius H. Washburn of Albany, the president of the com¬
pany, said:

“This is the first step toward the larger plant. Our engi¬
neers are at work on the plans and we expect to begin the
actual work of construction in about three weeks. We will
employ when in full operation about 150 and will make a
complete line of natural color and glazed tile of various pat¬
terns and sizes, together with the necessary fittings.

“The new buildings will cover nearly two acres of land
and will consist of plain and glazing kilns, dryers, machin¬
ery houses and engine house and will have a capacity of three
million tiles a year.”

KENTUCKY BRICK PLANT CHANGES HANDS.

A joint stock sompany, which will be known as the Bar-
boursville (Ky.) Clay Manufacturing company, will shortly
take over the plant of the Guyan Valley Brick company at
Barboursville. The new company has been formed largely
through the efforts of Rev. M. C. Johnson. The capital
stock of the new company is $25,000, of which $15,000 is
paid up. Practically all the stock has been sold and the new
company will be organized within a few days. Most of the
stock was taken up by residents of Barboursville and of
Marion county.

The Guyan Valley Brick company was organized several
years ago, a splendidly equipped plant was constructed and
the concern prospered until the panic set in, since which time
it has been operated only in a desultory manner.

The new company will take charge of the plant imme¬
diately, and after a thorough overhauling of the equipment,
together with the installation of additional machinery of the
latest pattern, expects to begin operations by September 15.

IMPORTANCE OF TESTING CLAY PRODUCTS
EMPHASIZED BY U. S CERAMIC CHEMIST.

The importance of clay products as a structural material
was emphasized in a recent address by A. V. Bleininger,
United States ceramic chemist, says the current issue of the
National Contractor and Builder. The government spends
about $40,000,000 annually in construction work, and Con¬
gress has authorized the prosecution of testing work upon all
building products made from clay used by the federal gov¬
ernment.

It is intended that tests should be made of common and
pressed brick, paving brick, hollow tiles and conduits, sewer
pipe, fire proofing, terra cotta, enameled bricks and glazed
tiles, floor and roofing tiles, fire brick and all other refrac¬
tories, electric porcelain insulators and other structural goods
submitted for this purpose by the construction bureaus of the
government. A great number of problems relating to the
testing of clay wares might be mentioned. What shall con¬
stitute the minimum crushing strength of a good, common
brick? Relation between porosity and crushing strength.
Relation between porosity and resistance to freezing. Rela¬
tion between density and resistance to sudden heating.
Crushing strength of fire brick at high temperatures. Heat
conductivity of burnt clay wares. Can the present rattler test
for paving brick be improved ? Strength of hollow tile walls,
arches and columns. Strength of terra cotta of various
shapes. This list could be extended almost indefinitely.

BRICK FAMINE NOW IMMINENT AT
DES MOINES.

Indications are that Des Moines, Iowa, brick plants will
be unable to turn out enough common building brick to com¬
plete the extensive local improvements before winter. More
than 20,000,000 brick are to be laid in Des Moines before the
cold season arrives.

Two weeks ago contractors were forced to advertise in
different newspapers throughout the middle west to secure
a sufficient number of brickmasons to complete the improve¬
ments before winter. Seventy-five bricklayers have come
into Des Moines since then and now a brick famine is pre¬
dicted.

The shortage is on brick used to back up walls. The sup¬
ply of finishing brick is unusually large and since a week ago
none but common brick have been manufactured here. It is
probable that brick will have to be imported in order to close
the new buildings before snow flies.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS.

The Star Pottery Works at Elmendorf, Texas, has in¬
creased its capital stock from $8,000 to $16,000 and will en¬
large the business.

W. R. Williams, secretary of the Board of Trade at Graf¬
ton, W. Va., can be addressed regarding the organization of
a two kiln clay working plant.

A stock company is being formed at Badger, Minn., to
start a pottery factory. Gus Anderson has successfully
burned a small kiln of ware made from local clays.

W. B. Jones has resigned as head of the decorating depart¬
ment of the Steubenville (Ohio) Pottery. He will go into
business selling supplies to potteries and glass works.

The French China Co., Sebring, Ohio, is building two large
additions to its pottery, one is 60 x 250 feet, and the other
15 x 100 feet. This is owing to the large increase in busi¬
ness.

The Imperial Porcelain Works, Mulberry St., New York,
and Trenton, N. Y., was partly destroyed by fire, causing a
loss of $50,000. Fully insured. The plant will be rebuilt at
once on a larger scale. R. A. Duggan and B. F. Dinsmore
are the owners.

OL.MY RECORD,

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS.

Godlieb Swerner, of Manitowoc, Wis., has started a new
industry and is making brick of cinders.

The Mt. Shasta Volcanic Hollow Tile & Cement Co. has
its plant at Igerna, Cal., in operation. Senator Weed is in¬
terested.

The Lake Superior Stone Brick Co., Calumet, Mich., have
a crew of men operating a sand sucker. The factory is run¬
ning at full force.

The Little Rock (Ark.) Granite Brick Co. will put more
money into the business and make enlargements so as to
keep the force steadily employed.

The Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Co. will soon com¬
mence the erection of a new building to replace the $20,000
structure recently destroyed by fire.

The Elsmore (Minn.) Cement & Tile Co. are putting up an
addition to their present building so that they can add new
machinery for making the large sized tile.

The Watertown (S. D.) Pressed Brick Co., makers of
sand-lime brick have made a splendid growth. They are ship¬
ping a most excellent quality all over the state.

The Kentucky Unit Brick & Tile Co., Louisville, Ky., re¬
cently reorganized, will shortly begin the erection of a plant
that will cost $100,000. New machinery has been purchased.

The plant of the Owensboro (Ky.) Sand-Lime Brick Co.
was completely destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $35,000 ;
insurance, $20,000. Oil exploded in the oil room, causing
the fire.

The Oklahoma & Texas Cement Brick Co., Oklahoma City,
Okla., has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock.
Directors are W. K. Hamilton, E. L. Benedict and W. G.
Kenny, all of Oklahoma City.

D. R. Ingram, 413 Olive St., Kansas City, Mo., writes that
they expect to have their sand-lime brick plant at Turner,
Kansas, in operation by October. They have 10 acres of land
and use the sand from the Kaw river.

The Architectural Stone Co., Jersey City, N. J., has been
incorporated with $100,000 to manufacture brick and build¬
ing material: Incorporators are W. J. Connor, T. F. Mul-
vaney and W. H. Saunders of Jersey City.

Henry Huennekes, who built one of the first sand-lime
brick plants in America, has returned to this country and is
now at the Hoffman House in New York. We understand
that he is open for an engagement in this line of work.

The Enamel Brick & Concrete Co., New York Building,
Seattle, Wash., have put their plant at Richmond Beach into
operation. The capital stock of the company is $300,000.
R. M. Moody is president and Henry Gay superintendent.

The Gary (Ind.) Granite Brick & Stone Co., a $75,000
corporation, is now running their plant at Highlands making
20,000 brick per day. J. K. Stinson, of Hammond, is presi¬
dent ; W. C. Kunert, of Gary, vice-president ; E. S. Emmerine.
of Hammond, treasurer.

The Hydro-Silica Brick Co. has been organized at Tacoma,
Wash., with $150,000 capital stock. They will use the “divis¬
ion method” of making sand-lime brick, using the sand from
Maury Island, where the plant is to . be built. W. M. Guiwitz
and G. A. Misner are the eastern parties interested.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

The Harvey (la. ) Brick and Tile Co. expect to add two
new kilns to their plant this summer.

J. C. Hancock, Benson, Minn., is dismantling his brick
works and will not operate same any more.

The Cimarron (N. M.) Brick & Tile Co. are working on
their third kiln of brick, each kiln producing a better brick
than was at first expected.

The Gettysburg (Pa.) Brick Plant of the Auburn Shale
Brick Co. are getting ready to double their force on account
of the boom in that community.

George French, the proprietor of the Polo (Ill.) Brick &
Tile Works has just finished a 60,000 capacity brick kiln so
as to better handle his increasing business.

The New York Roofing Tile Co. has purchased 18 acres
of roofing tile clay adjoining their plant at Saugerties, N. Y.,
and will enlarge their plant to a very great extent.

The Logue Brick Works at Oscaloosa, Iowa, have a large
force of workmen employed and orders are coming in so as
to keep the plant running to its fullest capacity.

The brick manufacturers in the vicinity of Springfield,.
Mass., report a good season so far. Burnham Bros, at Mon¬
tague City cannot fill all the orders they have received.

The Deming (N. M.) Brick & Building Co. has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock. Directors are Ed¬
ward F. Moran, Otto Lennold and Julius Rosch of Deming.

A stock company has been organized at Gorin, Mo., to
manufacture fire brick and mine coal. They have a four
foot vein of clay and two foot vein of coal at a depth of 170
feet.

The Sterling Brick Co. has been organized at Olean, N,
Y., with $150,000 capital stock. The directors are Fred H,
Enyder of Rochester, Henry Hasbrouck, H. S. Sartwell and
C. R. Bard of Olean.

The Southern Clay Co., Birmingham, Ala., has just booked
an order for 4,000,000 paving brick, which with other orders,
will keep the plant at Warrior running indifinitely. O. S.,
Adams is the general manager.

The Uvalda (Texas) Business Men’s Club is very desir¬
ous of securing a brick works for U valda and will offer sub¬
stantial inducements. There is an abundance of clay south
of town. M. M. McFarland is president of the Club.

George Evans formerly of Hamilton, Ontario, has taken
the management of the Birmingham (Mich.) Brick and Tile
Co. works and is making satisfactory brick. He will move to
Birmingham. The plant is being overhauled so as to get the
best of results.

The Farmers’ Co-operative Clay Co. has been incorporated
at Augusta, Maine, with $400,000 capital stock. The presi¬
dent is J. H. Brown of Rockwell, la., E. G. Dunn, vice presi¬
dent, W R. Fleming, secretary and George E. Hughes is
treasurer ; the office of the company is at Mason City, Iowa.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln

Arranged to Suit all Locations

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Points of Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from .any

one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successful. y

Address, H. H A I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

The Mobile (Ala.) Portland Cement & Coal Co. will pro¬
ceed with its plans to erect a cement plant at St. Stephens in
the Warrior district.

F. X. Freyder of Iowa City, is interested in the Kalona
(la.) Brick & Tile Co., which is making an investment of
$50,000 in a new plant.

Employees of the Rawson (O.) Tile Company struck for
25 cents more daily wages, and their places were filled at
once by other workmen.

F. W. Herron has been elected vice president of the Lehigh
(la.) Clay Co. and it has been decided to rebuild the plant
recently destroyed by fire.

The Hanreddy Brick Co., capital stock $10,000, has been
incorporated in Chicago. Incorporators are Joseph Han¬
reddy, Otto E. Nickoff and Timothy J. Fell.

The Indiana Press Brick Co., Indianapolis, Ind., has been
incorporated with $300,000 capital stock. Directors are John
H. Radke, Emma Radke and Chas. Rulpinski.

C. E. Lockwood of Petersburg, Nebr., has traded a 5,400
acre ranch for the Minden (Nebr.) Brick Works and will
operate same under the management of Hod Taylor.

The city of Newport, Ky., recently purchased a brick
testing machine, as they were looking for the best they
naturally would purchase one from the P. Hayden Sallery
Hardware Co., of Columlbus, Ohio.

The Jamestown (N. Y.) Shale Paving Brick Co. are mak¬
ing extensive changes to their plant and when completed
will make 100,000 brick daily. The old kilns are being taken
down to make room for new and improved kilns.

The Rose Brick Co. is spending $60,000 improving its
Roseton, N. Y. brick works. Electric clay carriers doing
away with the old dump cars will be installed as well as
houses to accommodate the workmen are to be built.

The Brownwood (Tex.) Commercial Club are making an
effort to locate a paving or face brick plant in that city. The
local plant, making only common brick, has increased the
capacity of its plant twice since it was built, two years ago.
so as to keep up with the demand.

South Webster, O., is to have a new $500,000 fire brick
plant to be built by Chicago and other capitalists, called the
South Webster Clay Products Co. Incorporators are W. E.
Tripp of South Webster, I. M. Appel, J. C. Bauer, A. F.
Marting and attorney Frank B. Finney of Portsmouth, O.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

is registered in the U. S. Patent Office and is our
exclusive property It brands our best burned
clay products. All manufacturers and dealers,
except those selling our goods, are warned
against infringement.

Boston FISKE & CO., InC., New York

Thomas Harney is superintendent of the work at the brick
yard at Sinsinawa, Wis.

The Morton (Minn.) Brick & Tile Co. is contemplating
extensive improvements in order to increase the capacity of
the plant.

M, W. Russey is considering the organizing of a brick
plant to use the shale found at Arkansas City, Kansas. He
is now testing the shale for that purpose.

The Western Stoneware Co., Monmouth, Ill., will remodel
plant No. 1 so as to put plant to work on a year’s run. The)-
have many orders for a special filter that they are turning out
even shipping it to many foreign countries.

The Prewitt Brick Mfg. Co., Elgin, Texas, has been in¬
corporated with $75,000, to make fine face brick, etc. The
president of the company is Ira A. Prewitt, T. D. Prewitt is
manager and J. B. Morrison is superintendent.

The plant of the Gadsden (Ala.) Brick Co. which has not
been operated for a long time is to be placed into operation
as soon as it can be put in readiness. The fact that this
large plant is starting again is another indication of the re¬
vival of prosperity around Gadsden.

The Lexington (Tex.) Brick & Tile Co. has been organ¬
ized with $75,000 capital stock, and the following are the
board of directors : G. P. Dickson, R. F. McGinty, E. Zander,
H. Englehart, Will Fricke, with G. P. Dickson president and
R. F. McGinty secretary and treasurer. Stiff mud machin¬
ery has already been purchased.

Alliance, Ohio, is to mave another clay plant. The capital
stock will be $300,000 and active work will begin on the con¬
struction of the plant on the Zurbrugg farm at once. The
incorporators are F. A. Hoiles, W. H. Purcell, George
Reeves, A. C. Reeves, Ross Rue, Fred Zurbrugg, E. E
Dussill D. W. Crise and I. Koch.

DIRECT HEAT

— FOR ~

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

CLKY RECORD.

George Barney has sold out his brick business at Leesville
and will locate at Lake Charles, La.

P. V. Liggett, Thomas, Okla., has his brick plant in opera¬
tion and is now turning out brick.

The Bloomsburg (Pa.) Brick and Concrete Co., with $10,-
ooo capital stock has been incorporated.

R. M. Cleveland will establish a brick plant at Marietta,
S. C., with a daily capacity of 35,000 brick.

Francis F. Green well has located a brick yard at Leonard-
town, Md., and can furnish all grades of brick.

Work has been started in the Montello Brick Works, Read¬
ing, Pa. Everything has been overhauled for a good run.

The Elmore (Minn.) Tile Co. are building an addition to
their plant so as to install additional machinery to make large
tile.

John B. Pollard has bought the Nowata (Okla.) Brick
Works and will reorganize and put the factory on a paying
basis.

Grenola, Kansas, is to have a new brick works, using the
shale recently discovered. The machinery is now on the

ground.

The Edisto Kavlin Co. has been incorporated with $50,000
capital stock, by J. K. Gautt, T. R. Gantt, and J. C. Gautt,
all of Steedman, S. C.

The Elliotts Knob Coal & Iron Co. propose to establish d
paving brick plant at Buffalo Gap, Va., using the clay dis¬
covered on the Cimotti lands.

The Thornton Fire Brick Co., Grafton, W. Va., are in
shape to bid on paving brick jobs that can be handled from
there and are looking for orders.

The Portsmouth (Ohio) Paving Brick Co. are adding new
kilns and putting in new machinery with a view of largely
increasing the capacity of the works.

G. M. Boyd & Co., Knobnoster, Mo., has just completed
two new kilns of 200,000 brick capacity and will soon start on
more so as to keep up with the demand.

The Atlantic and Gulf Portland Cement Co. are pushing
the completion of their plant at Ragland, Ala., so as to have
same in operation by the first of November.

The Llyfire Brick Co. of Vallejo, Cal., has been incorpor¬
ated with $100,000 capital stock by G. Abrahamson, E. E.
Kemble and F. A. Alexander, all of Oakland. •

The Wilpicoba Clay Works, at Ragland, Ala., have shut
down their plant so as to make improvements to the extent
of $40,000. A new continuous kiln will be built.

The Black Hawk Clay Mfg. Co., Rock Island, Ill., will
enlarge their brick plant at Sears so as to make 200,000 ad¬
ditional brick a day. The addition will cost $30,000.

Groman Bros, of South Bethelem, Pa., have received a
contract from the state for 6,000,000 brick to be used to build
the State Hospital for the Insane at Rittersville.

William Goodwin of the Goodwin Brick & Tile Co., at
Des Moines, la., has bought the Redfield (la.) Brick & Tile
Works. J. H. Queal will take charge of the plant at once.

The Corrona (Cal.) Pressed Brick and Terra Cotta Co.
recently elected the following officers : W. W. Stowell of Los
Angeles, president ; C. H. Bennett of Los Angeles, Secre¬
tary.

The Gas Belt Brick Co., Topeka, Kansas, has been in¬
corporated with $750,000 capital stock to build brick plants
in Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana and Mis¬
souri.

I he Sedalia (Mo.) Clay Mfg. Co. has been incorporated
with $50,000 capital stock. Iihe directors for the first year
are J. E. Mecusker, G. L. Mecusker, Jerome Moyer, H. K.
Bente and C. L. Wilson.

The site for the proposed tile works to be established by the
Simons Brick Co., Los Angeles, Cal., has been located on a
tract of twenty acres south of the Southern Pacific stock¬
yards at Imeperial Valley.

The Muskogee (Okla.) Pressed Brick Co. has been in¬
corporated with $30,000 capital stock. Incorporators are A.
B. Beilis, Frank Fee, and J. H. Gossom, all of Muskogee and
J. M. Parkins of Humboldt, Kansas.

The Longmont (Colo.) Brick & Tile Co. is building a
$25,000 stiff mud brick plant on the Gunning place. Wil¬
liam Stewartson is president and general manager and C.
W Stewart, secretary and treasurer.

G. B. Dickinson, Lester Wade and George Stidham have
leased the North brick plant at Mound Valley, Kansas, which
was recently bought by Mr. Raber. They will overhaul the
plant, kilns, etc., and put it into operation.

A new brick yard is to be located at Benicia, Solono county,
Cal., on the Dillan ranch, near Glen Cove. Property owned
by the Dominican Fathers has been leased to San Francisco
parties and they will commence work immediately.

Jos. Gauthier of Sherbrook, Quebec, is now the general
manager of the Le Roy (Kan.) Vitrified Brick Co.’s plant.
The company plans several improvements, among them are
the building of fifteen cottages for the workmen.

The Ft. Smith Vitrified Brick Co.’s plant at Ft. Smith,
Ark., has been finished in 70 days and is now turning out
150,000 brick made of shale. The brick are burned with
gas, also the power plant is operated by same.

The Barboursville (Ky.) Clay Mfg. Co., will shortly take
over the plant of the Guyan Valley Brick Co. The capital
stock of the new company is $25,000. The plant will be
thoroughly overhauled and additional machinery added. Rev.
M. C. Johnson is interested in the work.

The Fowlerton (Ind.) Drain Tile Co. has incorporated
with $10,000 capital stock. Incorporators are John O. Spur¬
geon, Wm. J. Nesbitt, C. N. Brown, Vaslin Spurgeon and
Leslie Nesbitt.

The Virginia Fire Clay Mfg. Co., New Cumberland, W.
Va., has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are W. W. Ballantyne, C. A. Ballantyne, L. B.
Ballantyne, O. M. Brown and R. W. Brown, all of New Cum¬
berland.

Merry Brothers, Augusta, Ga., has been incorporated with
$60,000 capital stock and taken over the business of Walter
D. Merry, Ernest B Merry and Arthur R. Merry. The firm
of Merry Brothers has been in the brick business for the
past six years.

FOR SALE

One power Repress, in number one condition, used
only but a short time; capacity 10000 per day. Ask
for full particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave. New York

FOR SALE

Paper Jogger# quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St..

No better made, cut irom
$8 and SID. to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers.

BATTLE CREEK, MICH-

LXFERILNCE.D MANUFACTURED
WANTED

Thoroughly experienced brick manufacturer to
operate and manage modern plant at Washburn,
Wis. Best clay, unlimited market; party with some
money to invest preferred,

Address Washburn, care of Clay Record,

Chicago, 111

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the James River, 90 miles from Richmond,
18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in
operation . Therefore would make very easy terms.
Address MRS. AGNES 1.. TURNER,

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFQ. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

H. T. M.,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago-

FORCED FOR SALE

Brick yard for sale within six miles of Broad Street
Station, Philadelphia, Pa., every improvement,
Penn. Ry. sidings into yard. In operation for orders
for about three million brick. Address:

A. B. Co,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on five
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

PLANT FOR SALE,

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

FOR SALE.

Address Durango Pressed Brick Co.,

Durango, Colo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

A southern Minnesota Brick and Tile Plant, com¬
plete in running order; has done a good business
last year. Good reason for selling. Address
Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

SECOND HAND BRICK MACHINERY
FOR SALE

8 000 new fire brick; 12,000 second hand fire brick.
140 single Grates as good as new, size 3 ft. 9 in.

18 Kiln doors on frames.

60 double Grates, size 3 ft.

10 plain fire doors.

5 Brick Trucks.

6 Brick Wheel Barrows.

One 40 H. P. Engine.

One 40 H. P. Boiler in good condition.

Several Pumps. One Bottom Dump Car. 800 ft.
Small Rail. 2 Switches. 60 ft. 8 inch Canvas Belt¬
ing. 52 ft. 6 inch Belting, used one year.

Address,

henry EHLERS & BRO.,
Watkins, Minn.

FOR SALE,

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ brick machine CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

One No. 20 Cyclone Disintegrator, made by the C.
W. Raymond Co, Has been used about two weeks.
Practically new. Address

COLUMBIA BRICK & PLASTER CO.

North East. Md.

FOR SALE.

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to

GREEN, Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

Address ‘ B E” Care of Clay Record, Chicago.

WANTED

One second-hand medium size steam shovel for
handling clay or sand.

Address E. J. KELLER,

Lexington, Okla.

DRYER CARS

FOR SALE

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

dollar, address

J. J. MILLER,
Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE,

One hardening cylinder, 72 ft. long, 6 ft. diameter.
One 4-Mold Andrus brick press.

One 9-foot Scott Dry Pan.

One Cedar Rapids Sand Dryer.

25 sand lime brick cars, 3 ft. by 5 ft. top.

2 transfer cars all in good condition.

MORGAN BRICK CO.

Norristown, Pa.

FOR SALE

150 Iron Flat Trucks for Cement, Tile or Brick Yard.
One 70-inch Buffalo Forge Fan.

One 180 H. P. Heine Boiler
Two Freight Elevators

The above machinery is in good condition and at a
very low price. S. KRUG WRECKING CO.,

Nebraska City, Neb.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Bullick 100 H. P. Motor, one 9 foot Raymond
Pug Mill, one 18 H.P. Gasoline Engine. All nearly
new. Address

KIAMENSI CLAY CO.,

Newport Del.

FOR SALE,

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y.

CL-KV RECORD. 37

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER PRESSURE

Absolute control of heat in kiln. Burns all first-class hard brick.

Applies to any style of kiln. 40% reduction in fuel cost.

JOHN C. BOSS, Monger Building, ELKHART, IND.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventativ. for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

Peari<8tr.«t NEW YORK

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,

etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent, j

Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

_ i

RICKETSON MINER VL PAINT WORKS j
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

G. K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

' rRONT nrJD REAR View OF" TYPE "B " RUST CLAY" FEEDER A mixer"

Don't Let Your Profits Run A way

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 per year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

Write today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

The Marion Flue Blosrer, (patented February 23 1909)
will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure yon
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of
steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while
in commision, The accompanying cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a uozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time. We furnish different sizes as required,
and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean.

Please send for our latest catalog fully describing this
useful invention.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO., - Marion, Inndiana

CLHY RECORD

- j - , -

3UJ L?
jtt GJ-rr
\ ami /

OH I O

Roofing Tile Press

Eagle Repress

Model "B” Dry Press

Special Giant Brick Machine

No, 65 Auger Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic lutter

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill

No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

1*4

1 r'Xm

GLMY RECORD.

yjur

iiJGi-rr

OHIO

> » n

Sewer Pine Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

9 Foot Dry Pan

Blower Dryer Apparatus

H. P. Brick Machi

Mold Sander

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

Dry Cars

Disintegrators

Winding Drums

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

CLHY RECORD.

Fire Brick - Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock | of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Go.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

!T“

5 Something New

In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Dennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and Septembers, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

^jr -vy w rw w wyr qjm '

Approveu anu Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30# to 60# less 3peed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIKUGAI, FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens* Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZPR CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

K, C. Willis. 36 LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St.. New York City.

Lindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES— Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

E.NGINES-Automatic-16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, Utfx
16 Buckeye, 1414x14 Ball & Wood, 13>4xl5 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 914x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES— Throttling- 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary-72xl8 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ‘‘Leader" Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street

Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURO, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pane for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running
Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works

"A CHANGE IN FLUES WARES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS"

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
w^xave examined our records and find that our
average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

CLMV RECORD,

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

Masssive and well proportioned .
Best material .

Tjme tried and reliable.

Large capacity .
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mullers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity 10 to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.
cBailt to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN CLAY CRUSHER

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTLER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. 6., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

QPUIIDC Perfected
OUnUnO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

w th handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

►4

£
►— >
Q
<3

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

A well-tried and
proven Success.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

cjjBuilt Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. (Patented.)

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

1TIL.ES, OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

We also manufacture complete equipment for Sewer Pipe,
Brick, Terra Cotta Drain Tile and Fire-Proofing Works

Write for Description and Price

The Means Foundry & Machine Co.

Eastern Agents

WILSON KILN & DRYER CO.
West End Trust Dldg.

: Philadelphia . Pa.

Steubenville, Ohio

Our Dry and W et Pans are
worth your investigation

We build them eight, nine and ten feet in diameter, weighing 30 to
50,000 pounds. They have great crushing and screening capacities

Built by Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Capacity 100,000 Brick Per Day.

Why are we
always busy?

Because we study the brick business
and build kilns and dryers to suit the
conditions.

Our smoke-consuming furnaces, and
continuous waste heat system, kiln
floors, and test kilns have been in
every day use for several years and
have proven very satisfactory.

Our Radiation Heat Dryer has more
radiating surface than any other dryer
in use.

Our Brick Kilns are modern in every
way, and have proven successful
wherever built.

The Kilns and Dryers are very econ¬
omical in construction and operation.
We believe we have the most satis¬
factory Kiln and Dryer system to pro¬
duce results on the market.

Patented March 3, 1903. No. 721988

Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co.

West End Trust Building
Philadelphia, Pa.

Patented July 8, 1902

GLMY RECORD,

Paul Fuchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making "GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand- lime
brick of a compression strength of g,ooo pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

61 1 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

w™ onJ The Thew Steam Shovels

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 2 Shovel — Pioneer Fireproofing Co., Ottawa, Ill.

HURON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

OFFICE AND SHOPS 18 SLOAN STREET onc.&n.w.ry. CHICAGO

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

OF ALL KINDS
BUILT

TRUCKS I

WE BUILD DRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE *‘P" CRUSHER

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA., U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

YARD SUPPLIES

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
THROUGHOUT

GUARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY

MODEL SAND DRYER

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

$ HKQh^ WO WQHjtitfl tfcjCM $

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

BRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699809
October 10, 1906. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin’' Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

A UdOKQaOiW QWJXD i

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £> Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Here's What One of the Largest Cement Companies in the United Mates

Says About our “Pittsburg” Drtj Pan:

.« Answering yours of the 19th Instant ; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend it to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Backed up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPR1NQFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

No. 217-E

Electric Side Dump Car.

No. 146

Bali Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 it. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, will)
trip and brake.

CARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

ATLAS CAR * ™

CL£VClAHO , 0/7

I-3IN.

4.-. . • ■ ^

NO. 217 S

Either Side Rocker Dump Car.

>' ,

\ v . -

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACY,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 128

Heavy Double Deck Car
'•r. Malleable Iron Uprights.

NO. 142

Transfe? Car.

,tlas

QUBIT

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry Car.

g. Co.

1 V'vv

THE Di56EMiNA'

all Matters

PERTAiHirtG

- TP THE -

JOE1

iL/w

[no

°<p.

^909

Details of Taying Tile on the Farm .

Handling Clay from Bank to Machinery . . ........

Porter Bros. & Co. Brick Plant at Weirton Ago . .... ..!!*!

Burning of Clays . ■ . ’ ’ ‘

How the Modern Production of the Brick Kiln is Recovering ’from

the Blight of Perfection ...... .

Secret Formula Discovered by Men Connected with I.i’bbv Company ’
A Kansas Manufacturer Says Brick Making in the Mid-Continent
Field Offers the Biggest Money Making Opportunity in the United

States Today .

Galesburg Man Gets $20,000 for Patent * * * ’

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer '

Pacific Coast News Items ... .

Baltimore Merchants Satisfied With the Trade Situation .

Fashions in Brick .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! . .

Manufacturers of Hollow Tile Await Test With Interest ! ......

Chambers Bros. Co. New Chicago Address .

Fire Clay Discovered, Two Plants Started.’.

Accidents, Damages and Tosses . .

New York Brick Market Still Sluggish .

Product of Tabor of City Prisoners Has Failed of A Market

Americans Order Fire Brick of Scottish Firm .

Brickyard Employes Give Tiberal to Hospital ........

Claims He Will Revolutionize Building . ‘

Milwaukee Brick Prices Take A Fall . .

Oaklandera to Take Over Big Brick Works. \

Bricklayers Shouting for More Brickyards

A New Branch of Mosaic Industry . ....'.

Macon Now the Targest Brick Producer in the S ru States ’ .’

Fire Department Charged With Responsibility o\ ,he Fire . .

Single Course Brick Streets Doomed at Guthrie .

Pottery News Items . ’ ... *

Eire Horses Go to Brickyard Fire Without Driver and One was’ Kilted

Sand or Time Brick or Block News .

Miscellaneous Items . .

•>

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON. OHIO, U. S. A.

The Andrus Brick Press

Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 years.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District.

INVESTIGATE

Scott Manufacturing Co.

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

ST. LOUIS - - MISSOURI

CL- 75V RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Si x= Mold Sizes

FOUR- MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & Whit e Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four - Mold Sizes

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CMISHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ctiUMV' RECORD

BERG BRICK PRESS

The highest development of the
Art of Brickmaking Machinery
so pronounced by the United
States Government.

The BERG for the highest grade
of pressed brick of shale or
clay. It makes all kinds of
shapes and sizes of brick.
Changes from one shape to
another can be made in
less than an hour’s time.

First-Class Workman¬
ship. Cut Gearing. Fully
Warranted.

The BERG MAKES the highest
grade of fire brick. Can
make all kinds of shapes
desired for fire-brick
purposes.

Three distinct
pressures make
the brick evenly
pressed all
through. No
granulated cen¬
ters of the brick.

The BERG makes the
best sand-lime brick and
cheapest because it is the
strongest machine and
gives the highest pres¬
sure. Thirty -five sand-
lime plants in United
States use the BERG
Brick Press SUCCESSFULLY.

The 1905 Berg Press

The BERG is
the best for sand
and cement be-
cause of its
strong pressure.
Uses less ce¬
ment, makes cheaper brick.

For prices and full particulars, address

A. BERG & SONS

OFFICE: HANNING CHAMBERS

TORONTO. ONT., CANADA

CLKY RECORD,

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MANCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

GLKV RECORD

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THB

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE 8RI0K MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDIN6, - ... ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Hachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, Ill.

CLHY RECORD. n

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour— also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION.

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

s E. M. FREESE £• COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

■ GALION - - - OHIO

■•■•■•■•■•BoioappB+iooioiaaaiaaeBPioioioioio

T Tr£ IE IROTTS

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Rotts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS TH0R0U6HLY
CHILLED

RIN6 OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

HARD STEEL CUTTING
GARS ADJOSTA BLY
SECURED

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

“Built to “Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

XohQ

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Erick

Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

CLHY RECORD.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

CLAY CRUSHERS

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white=iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5% in. face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications L f Marked

II. Brewer &> Co.

It’s Good

TECUMSEH , MICHIGAN

It’s Good

£1

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky."

STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THEJGiUILDER CAR

THE

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Vol. XXXV. No. 4.

CHICAGO, AUGUST 30, 1909

S»ml-Mo«thly, 91.90 p«r Y«*r
Sing;!* Copies. - !• Ceats

DETAILS OF LAYING TILE ON THE FARM

By Otto O. Uhlhorn, of Minnesota.

When one intends to do his own digging, he must prepare
for a lot of hard as well as dirty work. The tools required
are a tile spade, either blade or rod, a long handled shovel,
a crummer, a rule, a measuring gauge, a tile hook, a mason's
line and a light rope 100 or more feet long, says the August
number of that old and reliable farm journal, the Orange
Judd Farmer.

Most tilers work according to a line, and it is this method
I wish to describe : Set the pointer on the gauge 5 feet from
the bottom, if your work is 3 or 4 feet deep. Now begin at
the outlet where we have station o, which calls for a cut
in ditch of 2 feet 10 inches. We drive a stout board 3 or 4
feet long and measure up from the grade stake 2 feet 2
inches, equal to the difference between 2 feet 10 inches and
5 feet and fasten the mason’s line.

At station 1, which calls for a cut in ditch of 3 feet 934
inches, we drive a similar board and measure up from the
grade stake 1 foot 2 inches and fasten the line. At sta¬
tion 2, which calls for a cut in ditch of 4 feet 2 inches, drive
a stake and make a mark 10 inches above grade stake. These
three heights should line up perfectly. When the first sta¬
tion is completed it is well to leave the target at station o to
sight to, for all subsequent stations must line up perfectly,
unless the grade changes.

This will give you a chance to test your survey. Stake
the rope 4 to 6 inches away from the grade stakes and stretch
it nice and straight along on the ground and you are ready
to begin to dig. Shove the spade down its full length, push it
a little forward to break the ground loose and throw out
the dirt, making as few crumbs as possible. Shovel out
the crumbs before the second spade is dug out. When near
the bottom of the ditch dig to within a few inches of it and
take out the rest with the crummer or tile scoop. With this
you can make a nice groove for the tile to fit in.

TILE SHOULD FIT TIGHTLY.

'bile 7 inches or larger are generally laid by hand, and the
bottom made with a pointed shovel instead of with the scoop.
Lay the tile so they will fit tightly together on top. giving
them an occasional firm rap, so as to drive them close to¬
gether. Don't let anyone tell you that tile must be laid
loose, which means open at the joints, so as to permit the
entrance of water. If you do, you will be a wiser but a
sadder man within a short time. Close joints will permit
water to enter, but no soil, while open joints will permit both

water and soil, until the tile is filled with silt, slush and mud
and then the water will stay out. Your tile will not work,
your land is not drained, but the money paid for laying your
tile is thrown away.

Lay the tile close together, for the irregularity of the ends
will leave a crack from 1-16 to l/s inch wide. Assuming
that we are laying a 4-inch tile and that the tile is square
instead of round, we have a total area in tile of 16 square
inches. A crack 1- 16-inch wide and 16 inches long equals
1 square inch. With 16 such squares to the rod we have a
water-taking surface equal to the entire area of the tile every
i6j4 feet.

To protect yourself against imperfect work, in case you
hire a man, you should reserve the right to inspect the work
and see the tile in the ditch before they are blinded. You
can then see just how the work has been done and how it
will be when the ditch is filled. If there is a flaw in any
tile, or a joint left open, or a hole in a tile that has not been
covered with a piece of broken tile, you will see it and insist
upon having it fixed before permitting the tile to be blinded.
Also see whether the grade has been followed and, as a rule,
any defects in the work can be detected.

Many advocate resurveying the tile after the work has
been completed. To me this seems absolutely unnecessary
•under ordinary drainage work on the majority of farms.
There may be cases where it is advisable, but these are ex¬
ceptions rather than the rule. It is generally the survevor
ai cl the tiler who advocate this method, and in the end the
work is no better for it anyway.

BLINDING AN IMPORTANT JOB.

When you have inspected the tile and convinced yourself
that all is right, permit the tiler to blind them. This is done
by pushing the spade in the edge of the ditch, near the sur¬
face, and covering the tile with about 6 inches of coarse soil.
This acts as a filter and adds greatly to the efficiency of the
drain. However, each day’s work should be blinded, and
in case of a threatening rain the ditch should be filled in com¬
pletely at intervals of 200 to 300 feet to prevent water flow¬
ing in the ditch and washing out the tile. Be fair with the
tiler and inspect as often as he may require it, in order that
he may blind and protect his work.

The end tile should be good and sound. Into one end
wedge several pieces of broken tile, pack with coarse gravel,
pieces of brick or tile bats. Lay the tile with the wedged
end down stream, to hold the packing; this gives a porous
opening at the end and prevents the soil from washing in.

CLKV RECORD.

For junctions use good, sound tile, one size larger than
the main, as this will give the water currents space in which
to collect. With a file or cold chisel break a hole in the mid¬
dle of the tile, make a nice, round hole of the same size as
the tile entering at this point, chip off the end of the branch
tile, so as to fit nice and snug and have it join at an acute
angle.

It is well to make a catch basin in the lowest portion of
the ponds, so as to give the surplus water a chance to enter
the tile readily. This is made by digging a hole down to the
tile and filling it with gravel or any other porous material.

The ditch is now ready to fill, and as good a tool .as I
know of is an ordinary stubble plow, preferably a 14-inch,
and four horses. Make a cutter for the plow of ^xj^-inch
spring steel and bend so as to appear like an old-fashioned
corn knife sharpened on the back and fasten to the land side
near the point. You will probably bore an extra hole for
this, but it will do no harm, sharpen all the way up to height
of beam of plow and fasten to beam with a clamp. This will
strengthen the plow and cut the sod and clods, which would
otherwise clog under the beam. For an evener, use a 4x4x12
or 16 feet long, pine will do, and notch the ends bootjack
fashion. Slip a log chain through this and bore a hole for a
bolt small enough to go through a link in the chain. This
will keep the chain in place. Fasten the other end the same
way, leaving the chain a little slack. Attach the plow with a
small clevis, the pin of which will go through a link of the
chain. Attach a whiffletree to each end. Have a set of lines
on each team and hitch the inner two horses together with a
strap long enough to allow the horses to walk on the outside
of the thrown-out dirt. Hitch your plow to the chain at
such a place as to cut a furrow near the edge of the ditch
and plow this down into the ditch on top of tile.

In coming back plow a furrow in a like manner on the
opposite side. Shift your plow on the chain to where it will
work best. Four furrows will in this way fill a two-spade
ditch. For smoothing down the ground, the harrow pulver¬
izer or King road drag will be found an effective tool. In
seven hours I have, without any assistance, filled 5,500 feet
of ditch, of which 3,700 feet were natural sod.

It is often argued that tile will not work when the ground
is frozen. This is not true, and I submit herewith the dates
on which we have seen our tile drains discharge water. (Au¬
drain was laid in the spring of 1905, and the ditch was filled
when the job was completed. That year we had a heavy
rain when the ground was frozen from 8 to 12 inches, and
the tile discharged water to their full capacity just one week
before Christmas. No attention was paid during 1906 and
1907. After a rain of about 24 hours’ duration, the tile were
flowing plumb full on February 8, 1908. March it, the same
year, was warm, the snow melted fast and at 5 p. m. the tile
were flowing full. On January 23, 1909, after a few days
of soft weather, our tile drain discharged water and con¬
tinued to do so for a week, when cold weather set in and
locked up the water in the snow. On March 3, after one
day’s thaw, they again began to flow and kept it up until
now, May 2.

We also have two small, open ditches on our farm that
were filled with snow, which prevented the water from flow¬
ing in them until March 23. These are shallow and con¬
structed for the purpose of relieving ponds of surface water.

In summing up, it may be said that a tile drain well laid is
a permanent improvement and one that never goes on strike
when there is work for it, or growls because of too much
work and too long hours.

The Boss system of burning brick involves the original
principle of applying air under pressure. Write to John
C. Boss, Munger Building, Elkhart, Ind.

HANDLING CLAY FROM BANK TO
MACHINERY.

By F. R. Ivanengeiser, Bessemer, Pa.

In offering to you a paper on the subject just announced,
we will confine ourselves to a recital of our experience in
the handling of shale for a paving block plant from its
natural deposit to the ground shale, ready for the . auger
machine, together with what data it has been possible to
gather in the short period of preparation.

The shale bank in question overlays a ledge of limestone,
and varies in depth from 20 to 35 feet, the whole carrying
some 5 feet of drift clay. In the center and deeper part
of the "bank and lying directly on top of the shale, a vein of
bastard fire clay, varying in thickness from 3 to 8 feet,
makes its appearance.

This bank, like practically all other shale banks, varies as to
character of shale. In the center of the bank we find the
hardest, most silicious shale. Near the ends, or outcrops,
we find a fine, plastic weathered shale, and a gradual varia¬
tion from center to ends. (We will say at this point that
this whole deposit of shale has been cut into sections by
glacial action, and the outcrop spoken of is the part of the
deposit next to these cutouts.)

The bank which is being worked at present has been
sectioned or staked off in 50-foot sections, and chemical
analyses made of the drillings in all sections ; these analyses,
together with abrasive and absorption tests, form the basis
for our mixture of shale, and permit of very intelligent
handling of the same.

The practical handling of the shale bank is unquestionably
familiar to all. The bank is first drilled with an ordinary
well drill, which puts down a 4>4-inch hole. The hole is
squibbed or sprung with dynamite and then charged with
black powder; the resulting shot merely shakes the bank
loose and permits of much easier and faster digging. In
this connection, we will say that the steam shovel in use will
dig the bank without shooting, but we have always found
it more economical and less troublesome to pay for the
ammunition necessary to shoot the bank, rather than to give
our steam shovel the extra wear and tear, coupled with
the greater cost of maintenance and repair’s. One shot in
the bank will loosen about 1,600 tons.

The digging and loading are accomplished by a large-
size steam shovel, which delivers shale to the ordinary type
of side dump cars ; these cars are then hauled by dinkey
locomotives to their several destinations. When a shot is
made, the bank loosens in such a way that the drift clay
and fire clay hold together, and may then be taken down
by the shovel and sent to the waste dump. In the instance
under consideration shale has been delivered to two plants ;
at one plant all the shale was shoveled directly into the dry
pans, at the other plant shale was shoveled directly into pans
for about half of last year, and the remaining time shale
was placed in storage and fed to the pans by belt con¬
veyors.

The storage above mentioned is built of concrete and has
the following dimensions : Three hundred feet in length,
62 feet in width, 30 feet in depth, and has a capacity of
20,000 cubic yards. The two outer and one end wall are heavy
concrete retaining walls, while. the other end is open to the
dry pans ; a chord wall runs lengthwise through the center
of the storage; “I” beams spanning from wall to wall carry
the overhead narrow gauge tracks, which run the full length
of the storage. From these tracks shale is dumped into the
storage, and may be so placed as to give the best mixture
for the manufacture of paving block. At the bottom of
the storage, and running the full length of the same, are
four conveyor pits, covered with timber of sufficient size to

* A paper read before the Twenty-third Annual Convention of the National
Brick Manufacturers’ Association. Rochester, N. Y., Feb. 1-6, 1909.

CLHV RECORD.

carry the load of shale dumped on them. In each pit is
placed a conveyor of the ordinary troughed belt conveyor
type, and same is driven at a belt speed of 360 feet per
minute by a sprocket chain connecting it directly to the dry
pan counter shaft, so that the dry pan clutch operates pan
and conveyor simultaneously. These conveyors are 312 feet
center to center of drums, and carry an 18-inch belt, and
the whole of the shed, including tracks, is roofed and closed
on all sides, so that the shale is kept dry and free from frost.

The feeding of a conveyor, and, consequently, one pan,
requires one and a third man, and consists simply of raking
the shale down the slope of the 30-foot pile to an opening
over the belt. If a hard nodule or other hard substance
gets into the pan, a man, whose duty it is to watch for just
such cases, throws the clutch of the pan, thus stopping both
pan and conveyor.

The ground clay passes over piano wire screens to a
conveyor, and thence to a ground clay storage of 200 cubic
yards capacity, where it is ready to be drawn on for the
manufacture of brick.

We have given an outline of the mechanical handling of
our shale from bank to machinery, and will now endeavor
to present some results of this storage and method of

handling.

We find that from January 1st, 1908, to January 1st, 1909,
a total of 23,712 carloads of shale was delivered to our No.
2 plant, at which place the storage is located. Each car
carries an average load of 4,429 tons of shale; this, then,
shows a total delivery to plant of 105,020 tons. The pro¬
duction of the plant for the year consumed 90,034 tons,
showing a surplus of 14,986 tons. The tonnage consumed
for the year shows an average consumption of 7,502 tons
per month. During November and December there were
twenty-four working days on which no shale was delivered,
thus it will clearly be seen that the storage has practically
three months’ storage capacity, based on the production of
1908.

At our No. 1 plant, a similar storage is in course of con¬
struction, and when completed will hold an amount propor¬
tional to the capacity of our No. 1 plant. Thus, when both
sheds are full the expense of the steam shovel, dinkeys,
cars and men engaged at present the year round in handling
shale, will be cut off for a period of from two to three
months per year. . i( .■ L

The shale storage in question was first Used in .inly. 190S,
and has been in continuous operation since. Now, if wS
take the operation of pans during the five months preceding
July, namely, February, March, April, May aild June, when
shale was dumped at the pans and then shoveled into them,
we find that 9,522,000 brick were manufactured. Four pans
ground the clay and worked during this period, 4,481 hours,
showing an output of 2,125 brick per pan per hour. We
realize, of course, that during February and March grinding
of shale fresh from the bank, full of frost and moisture, is
not ideal, and that if conditions had been better the output
per pan might have been greater, but we take these figures
to show what was accomplished during the five months.

Now, taking the operation during the five months follow¬
ing July, namely, August, September, October, November
and December, we find that 9.592,500 brick were manufac¬
tured, and that two pans ground all the clay. The two pans
worked a total of 2,163.25 hours, showing an output of
4,434 brick per pan per hour. This shows a net gain by using
storage and conveyors of 2,309 brick per pan per hour, or
108.6 per cent.

In the course of investigation, which has been carried on
lor a year, we obtained results which were very gratifying.
Taking an average of 100 abrasive tests on paving block for
the months of June and July as a basis, we found that as our
mixture improved we gained in abrasive quality of block.

The following data will be of interest to paving block manu¬
facturers: The shale shed was first used in July; brick were
taken from the kiln in August ; forty-nine abrasive tests in
August showed a gain over June and July basis of 10.74 per
cent. One hundred and one tests taken in September show
a gain over June and July basis of 14.58 per cent.: seventy-
eight tests taken in October show a gain over June and July
basis of 21.90 per cent.

As many of you know, our block have passed many city
tests previous to August, 1908, so the meaning of this gain
in abrasive quality must be clearly self-evident.

The shale taken from storage gives us other advantages,
namely, the column on the machine works more uniformly
than when clay was delivered straight from the bank, drying
is more uniform ; burning, settle and heats carried practically
do not vary as they do with shale brought directly from the
bank. The appearance of the burned block is surprisingly
uniform since the installation of this storage. We will now
make a brief summary and place before you the advantages
of this storage in their order of importance in our judgment.

First, uniform quality is produced, making your ware
strictly high-grade ; second, uniform quantity of production,
the importance of which 'we must all realize, the dry un¬
frozen shale in large quantity makes this production possible
during the winter months ; third, saving in cost of operation
of steam shovel, which alone will pay good interest on the
investment ; fourth, saving in grinding machinery, on ac¬
count of increased output of each machine, and fifth, a small
saving in the cost of feeding pans.

During the latter part of the year just passed we have
very materially increased our kiln capacity. During the
month of January our output from one stiff mud machine
has been increased 50 per cent., thus showing that the shale
storage may be drawn on at will to conform to any added
production within the limits of stiff mud machinery.

In conclusion, we will say that we have discovered no new
methods. We have to pay money to win our shale, just as
usual. We have simply enlarged others ideas, added some
of our own, and put the whole to a capacity suiting our re¬
quirements, and while it costs money to equip thus, we will
say that wherever a shale bank, used for paving block mantv-
facture, varies in its block-making characteristics, the above
described method will be found exceedingly efficient, and,
when all costs have been summed up, the balance will be
very gratifying.

— - » ♦ » - -

PORTER BROS. BRICK CO. BRICK PLANT AT

WEIRTON AGO.

The indications are that Porter Bros. & Co., of Kenil¬
worth, Ohio, are planning the construction of a brick plant
at Weirton, the new mill town of Hancock county, W. Va.
The plans for the proposed brick works have been under
consideration bv the Porter Bros. & Co. for the past several
weeks, and it is thought that the affair has reached a point
where construction of the proposed concern will be started
within the next few weeks. The fact that Porter Bros,
would erect a brick plant at Weirton was announced several
weeks ago. The intention of the company to follow out
their proposed plans have been further reiterated.

Porter Bros. & Co. now operate a brick plant at Kenil¬
worth. They are considered among the best business men in
Hancock county. In fact, the senior member of the firm is
one of the most philanthropic men in the country, through
his untiring efforts, the Panhandle railroad was constructed
through Hancock county several years ago. In former
years, John Porter was known throughout the commercial

world as the “brick king.” .

The opportunities for a plant at Weirton are abundant.
The Porter Bros. & Co. are making preparations for the
construction and it is a foregone conclusion that the concern
will be established.

BURNING OF CLAYS.

By W. D. Richardson, Columbus, O.

You will all agree that “burning” is too big a subject to
be well handled in a single paper to be presented on an
occasion like this. When I was informed that this subject
had been assigned to me, and also that Prof. Bleininger
would be with you to talk upon another subject, “The
Preparation of Clays,” I obtained permission to negotiate
with him for dividing the two subjects between us, thus
giving you four shorter papers in place of two long ones.
My object was not to save your time nor mine, but that we
might get more from Prof. Bleininger’s vast store of
ceramic knowledge, and that I might shift on to him the
treatment of that portion of the subject of burning that I
have talked of and written about so much, and upon which
he is far better qualified to speak. Lest some of you may
think that all of his knowledge has been obtained from
books, I may say that before he went to college he was a
brickburner on the paving brick plant of which I had charge,
and a brickburner who not only looked after the manage¬
ment of the kiln, but at the same time did all the firing and
the cleaning of the furnaces, work that few men of any
physical powers can be hired to do nowadays. For many
years before he went to college, as well as during the vaca¬
tions in his college course, he did a variety of practical work
on brick plants and did it well. It is largely this capacity
for work and enthusiastic interest in ceramics that has
brought him to the prominent position which he occupies
today. *

I have selected from the subject of “Burning” a few
points for discussion upon which I judge that you want
more information, viz. : “Selection of the Kiln,” “Mistakes
in Kiln Construction,” “System in Burning.”

You will readily see that I could give all my time to any
one of these heads and then not say all that you ought to
know — and I may add, all that I want to know, too, but if
1 can make any statements in regard to these important
matters that will be helpful, directly or indirectly to the
clay workers' of Wisconsin, my purpose will have been ac¬
complished.

SELECTION OF THE KILN.

The first question to be decided in connection with the
subject of the burning of the product on a new plant, or
one that is to be remodelled, is what kind of a kiln should
be built. The chief conditions to be determined in the
choice of a kiln in any case are:

1. Character of the clay.

2. Kind of product and process of manufacture.

3. Annual output that can profitably be sold and the
time in operation during the year.

4. Permanence of the business.

5. Amount of capital available for investment.

6. Size and shape of the kiln ground.

7. Method of transporting the brick to the kiln.

8. Method of delivering the burned brick.

9. Drainage of the kiln ground.

10. Character of the fuel available, and price.

11. Labor conditions.

12. Climatic conditions.

13. Sanitary requirements.

To give due weight to all of these conditions requires a
thorough knowledge of the subject of kilns and burning,
much practical experience and good judgment. There are so
many types and forms of kilns, and so many modifications
of each that can be made to meet special conditions that even
the ablest engineer must study hard in order to make the
best selection for his client.

One of the first things that an engineer wants to know,
before designing the kiln, as well as the whole plant, is how

* Read at the Wisconsin Clay Manufactures’ Association Meeting.

much money is available for investment. He knows that if
he designs a kiln such that the cost of construction runs
away beyond the amount of money that his client has pro¬
vided for the purpose, either the kiln will not be built in
proper manner, or if built right the company will be involved
in debt at the start. Sometimes he is deceived as to the
financial conditions of his client, as they give him to under¬
stand that they want the best, and have the money to pay
for it. Later the engineer is blamed for designing a kiln
that they cannot build, or for running his client in debt. This
is a little better, to be sure, than designing a kiln that is not
adapted to the other conditions, but is nevertheless a mis¬
take that may have serious consequences. Thus a continu¬
ous kiln, costing $20,000 to $25,000 may be very desirable
for economic reasons, but if his clients have only $10,000 to
$15,000 the debt may bankrupt them before they can have
an opportunity to reap the benefits of the kiln.

Another factor that often determines the kind of kiln to be
employed is the character of the clay, its behavior under fire,
the temperature at which the desired body is obtained, the
vitrification range, etc. Thus other conditions, such as small
capital and limited demand may indicate the cheapest form
of updraft kiln, but the high temperature at which the brick
must be burned, or the margin between the temperature at
which a perfect and durable body is produced and that at
which the brick becomes viscous and loses form, may be so
small as to make the updraft kiln impracticable. In such
cases a form of down-draft kiln, adapted to these and the
other requirements, should be specified.

It is self-evident that the kind of product and the process
of manufacture governs to a great extent the choice of kiln.
A common building brick under favorable conditions may be
burned most advantageously in an open-top up-draft kiln,
even without permanent walls or furnaces ; but to attempt
to burn paving brick, dry-press face brick, sewer pipe, drain
tile or roofing tile, in such a kiln is to invite disaster. The
continuous kiln in some form may be adapted to almost any
product, but no single form of continuous kiln is well adapted
to every clay product.

The quantity of the annual output and how much of the
year the plant is to be in operation are also to be taken into
consideration. The bearing that the annual output has upon
the investment in the kiln has already been mentioned. A
large output and steady running for nine months or more a
year may make the continuous kiln, independent of other
conditions, the most practicable ; but if the annual output is
only two or three millions of brick, or the brickmaking sea¬
son only four or five months in the year, the continuous kiln,
except perhaps of the cheap open-top form, would not be
advisable.

Occasionally the available yard room may have a bearing
upon the kiln question. Other conditions may favor the
round down-draft type of kilns ; but the yard room may be
so limited, or of such shape as to cause the rectangular down-
draft kiln or the continuous kiln to be decided upon.

Another condition that sometimes limits the design of the
kiln is the drainage of the kiln grounds. The ground may be
low and wet and without fall for drainage. If a down-draft
or a continuous kiln is to be built upon such ground, it must
be of a form that permits very shallow flues under the floor,
or no underground flues at all.

The method of transporting brick to the kiln from the ma¬
chine or dryer, as well as the method of delivering the burned
brick, often determines the form of kiln to be built. Thus the
other conditions may be such that a round down-draft kiln,
with center stack, would be most suitable ; but if the brick are
to be taken into kiln on dryer cars the center stack is objec¬
tionable, and the kiln with a single outside stack for one or
more kilns, or with multiple stacks on the kiln walls, is better.

CLHY RECORD,

Or if the brick are to be delivered from yard to building in
wagons, it will be more economical to build a rectangular
kiln, or a form of continuous kiln with doors large enough
to back a wagon in for loading.

It is evident that the price of fuel and its character will
often determine whether a periodical or a continuous kiln is
to be used, and if the latter whether it is to be direct fired or
producer-gas fired. Since a continuous kiln will require only
twenty-five to fifty per cent of the fuel used in a periodical
kiln, this saving of fuel where the price is high will of itself
bring a fair profit to the brickmaker. In considering, how¬
ever, the advantages or disadvantages of the continuous kiln,
there enters into the question also in addition to the saving
in fuel, labor conditions and sanitary requirements. High
priced labor, or men who refuse to work in the hot chambers
of the continuous kiln, may cause a decision to be made in
favor of the periodical kiln. The greatest advantage of the
continuous kiln is derived where labor is cheap and fuel
dear ; though the continuous kiln is favorable to modification
to adapt it to almost any condition.

Climatic conditions effect the choice of a kiln in two ways.
In the first place the climate may be such that brick can be
made only a few months in the year. This would generally
mean that the investment in kiln should not be too high. An¬
other influence in climate may be to make the work in the
chambers of a continuous kiln uncomfortable if not un¬
healthy ; yet continuous kilns are now found in all parts of
the world.

Enough has been said to make it clear that the selection of
the best kiln for any special conditions or purposes is not
an easy matter, but requires all the knowledge that one’s own
experience furnishes and as much as can be obtained from
the experience of others, since any man’s experience must
necessarily be limited. The advice generally given in Europe
and that is becoming more frequent in this country, is to
consult a competent engineer of special knowledge and ex¬
perience in the manufacture of clay products. If he is the
right man he will save you money and worry, and perhaps
a business failure.

MISTAKES IN KILN CONSTRUCTION.

Xot only must a type and form of kiln be selected that is
best adapted to the special conditions and purposes, but the
kiln must be properly designed and constructed. The design¬
ing of the kiln, the proper form and proportion of all of its
parts, based upon accurate calculation of all dimensions, is a
subject for the engineer. We will only consider the con¬
struction of the kiln after the proper type and form has been
determined, and such kiln has been properly designed — the
drawing and specifications having been prepared in more
or less detail.

The construction of the kiln has a wider interest for brick-
makers since so many of them build kilns without having any
well-developed plans or specifications, and often make some
serious mistakes. The mistakes in kiln construction that are
most commonly seen will be briefly discussed.

The most serious mistake in kiln construction is generally
made at the beginning, in not providing proper drainage of
the kiln ground, and proper insulation of the kiln bottom
from ground moisture. Most brickmakers can see that the
kiln ground should be so drained as not to allow rain to flood
the kiln bottom ; but few can be impressed with the import¬
ance of thoroughly insulating the kiln bottom from ground
moisture. They do not easily comprehend that a wet bottom
or one from which water is being evaporated, is always a
cold bottom, and that a cold bottom means poor draft ; that
the brick in the kiln or near the floor cannot be raised to a
sufficiently high temperature until the flues and flue walls
underneath are at a high heat from top to bottom, and that
these flues cannot attain a high temperature until all the
moisture has been evaporated from them and from the kiln

ground for several feet below. This means in all cases
longer time burning and a large preventable loss of fuel in
evaporating the ground moisture, and in some cases also
soft or shaky and non-ringing brick in the lower part of the
kiln. The kiln ground should be excavated to a sufficient
depth below the foundation walls to permit of a coarse filling
of boulders or a series of brick flues to be laid over the whole
bottom from outside to outside of walls. From this drainage
bottom there should be conducted drain-tile or sewer-pipe
drains leading to the main drains of the yard. On top of
this there should be cement concrete of sufficient thickness
and strength to form a firm bearing for the superstructure.
The top of this concrete should have a layer of strong cement
mortar to prevent, as far as possible, the moisture coming
up through it. On top of this cement there should be a few
inches of fine damp clay, well tamped down to an even hard
surface. On top of this clay there should be two to four
inches of sand upon which to lay the brick pavement that
forms the bottom of the flue. Better bottoms than this can
be made, but we would be satisfied if we could secure as good
construction as this in all of our kilns.

Another mistake is the using of too poor materials in the
wall. Brick makers often seem to think that any old rubbish
is good enough for kilns. It is true that in some places soft
bricks and over -burned bricks and bats can be used without
detriment, but it is also true that it pays to build kiln-walls
well. A well-bonded wall of hard-burned brick will not only
last longer, but will cost much less for repairs and will not
cause the waste of heat and checking of draft from cracked,
leaky walls. Soft bricks in the outside walls that soon begin
to crumble are not only an eyesore and a damaging adver¬
tisement of brick, but may seriously lessen the efficiency and
durability of the kiln.

A poor grade of fire brick in the furnaces and furnace
throats is false economy, necessitating frequent repairs, per¬
haps at a time when the kiln is needed for regular work.
No fire brick for lining the walls or for the crown may in
some cases be advisable, but is generally a mistake.

Common brick, even for outside kiln walls, are sometimes
laid up in clay mortar instead of in cement or lime-cement
mortar. This makes a weak wall which is soon pushed out
of place and leaks air badly. Fire brick are sometimes laid
up in common clay mortar instead of in fire-clay mortar.
The common clay fuses and damages the fire brick and pre¬
vents their being used again when repairs or removal be¬
comes necessary. Fire brick should be laid with thin mor¬
tar joints, just enough fire clay being used to bed the brick.

The effects of poor bonding of the brick work in kiln con¬
struction are often evident in the cracking of the walls and
the pulling away of the outside stretcher courses between the
headers. Every third course across the wall should be head¬
ers, or the wall should be laid in Flemish bond throughout.
The latter requires common brick and fire brick to be of
nearly the same thickness. One large brick company which
has been in the business for more than half a century, and
which expects to continue at the same place indefinitely, lay
up all of their kiln walls in Flemish bond and make a com¬
mon brick of special thickness to bond with the fire brick.
In round kilns it is permissible to lay up a nine-inch fire
brick lining without bonding to the outer walls ; but a well-
bonded wall is best. In the straight wall of the rectangular
kiln it is a mistake not to bond the whole wall together in
the manner specified.

kilns are too thin. The amount of heat lost by radiation

A mistake that is commonly made also is that the walls of
through walls, especially in cold weather, is enormous. Kiln
crowns also are often left uncovered, a single course of brick
on end. exposed to the cold air and carrying away the heat
from the kiln. The first cost in construction is reduced at
the after-expense of many times the amount in increased

CLKY RECORD.

fuel bills. Thin walls, properly braced, and the cracks
daubed will stand a long time; but the operation of such
kilns is a heavy charge on production cost. Solid kiln walls
should never be less than three brick, and the hubs not less
than five bricks thick. Kiln crowns should be covered with
a course of common brick laid on a layer of loam, and the
top covered with sand, or if left uncovered and without roof,
given a coat of thin cement wash before each filling of the
kiln.

The bracing of the kiln walls is often improperly done,
causing much damage and after expense. A round kiln is
easily braced by bands, and even if done improperly may not
cause serious damage for some time ; but a rectangular kiln,
if not properly braced, had better not have been built at all,
as it is a waste of money.

Bottom flues and floor supports are sometimes built on
soft or filled ground, but after the first burn the settle neces¬
sitates a re-laying of the floor ; or the flue walls are some¬
times built of soft-burned brick that shrink at every burn ;
or with thick mortar joints that cause the same trouble. Flue
walls or feather walls, or any walls supporting the floor of a
brick kiln should be built upon a solid foundation, and of
hard burned brick laid in thin mortar joints.

Kiln stacks also are often improperly constructed, and
upon poor foundations, the walls of poor material, improp¬
erly bonded and without an air space, causing a cracking of
the walls and a reduction of the inside temperature, which
means a reduction of the draft power of the stack. The most
serious mistakes in stacks are in an improper design ; but
even a well-designed stack may have its efficiency and dura¬
bility seriously damaged by improper construction.

Now I realize that financial conditions may be such that
good construction of kiln is out of the question, and that a
man must cut according to his cloth. I have seen round down-
draft kilns, 26 to 28 feet in diameter, built at a total cost for
labor and material, exclusive of the brick made on the yard,
of $125 to $150. This was in a southern city, all of the brick
being laid in common clay mortar by common negro labor.
The bracing was done with second-hand wire cable, over ver¬
tical strips of old wagon tires and other scrap. The kilns were
built rapidly and served their purpose. The last time I saw
them they had been in operation over a year, burning dry-
pressed face brick. This could not under the circumstances
be considered improper construction, since these kilns gave
far better results for their brick than the up-draft kilns, and
enabled the proprietors to do a business that they could not
otherwise have done.

SYSTEM IN BURNING.

It is now quite generally recognized that system is a neces¬
sary element of success in any line of endeavor. System is as
applicable to all of the operations of a clayworking plant as
to any other manufacturing or commercial establishment. No
operation in the manufacture of a clay product needs the ap¬
plication of system more than that of the burning. Even an
indififerent system is better than no system at all. Operations
conducted systematically are productive of improvement, but
a “hit-or-miss” “take-your-chanCe” method gives uncertain
results and makes no positive advance. A method of burning
that is empirical, that has come to a man by tradition or by
the constant use of his senses in this special work, may de¬
velop a skill that is productive of excellent results ; but such
individual skill does not advance the general knowledge of
burning, and dependence upon such a burner is always at¬
tended with risk and anxiety, since his absence from any
cause puts this critical operation in the hands of those who
may have neither skill nor knowledge. Moreover, such a
burner is generally successful only under conditions to which
he has become accustomed; but a change of clay, fuel or
kilns may upset his calculations and put him at sea. Is it not
true that the average brick burner is wasteful of time and

fuel, and never certain of duplicating any desired results?
Is it not discreditable to our art that success or failure is so
often dependent upon the results of an operation that is in
the hands of a man who has little definite positive knowledge
of the principles underlying it and who has no systematic
method of attacking the many problems that arise, but who
works by guess or by “rule of thumb?”

It is the desire and aim of every manufacturer of clay
products to get the best possible results from the burning, to
get the highest possible percentage of first quality ware with
the least possible expenditure of time, labor and fuel ; but is
he going about the attainment of this in a systematic manner,
or does he hire the best burner that comes along and leave
all in his hands ?

The establishment of system in burning requires careful
forethought and a well-developed plan of securing data of
all conditions, and of making regular observations of the
progress of the kiln, the effect of the fires upon the wares
and a systematic record of such facts, careful comparison
with previous records, and the making of deductions there¬
from for improvement. It is not within the province of this
paper to describe the various means of ascertaining the prog¬
ress of the action of the fires, the conditions of the kiln, etc.,
though it must be said that little can be accomplished in
securing facts for record without proper apparatus for mak¬
ing tests and observation. It is assumed that every manufac¬
turer who wants to reduce his burning to a system will ap¬
preciate the value of every means to secure this. It will also
be assumed that Prof. Bleininger has or will describe and
explain the use of such apparatus as is most practical for the
purpose, and that this apparatus is in your hands. It is evi¬
dent, however, that the possession and use of this apparatus
does not necessarily mean that the burning is being systema¬
tized, but that an important step has been taken for secur¬
ing this.

The systematizing of the burning consists of the following
operations :

1. . Securing of the data by means of a series of daily re¬
port cards upon which are placed the readings of all the con¬
trolling apparatus, the measurements of settle, amount of
fuel used, etc., and all observations of the condition -of the
kiln and the progress of the burning.

2. The recording of the information on these report cards
in permanent form in books specially prepared for the pur¬
pose, which books shall also contain all data in regard to set¬
ting, cooling, emptying, repairs, etc., with calculations of the
cost of each operation and the percentages of the different
grades of ware.

3. Comparison of results, firing conditions and progress
made, with records of previous burns.

4. Deductions made from comparisons.

The primary object of these records is improvement — bet¬
ter quality of ware, less expense for labor and fuel, and the
reduction of the whole operation of burning to a system that
can be carried out at any time by any one from an examina¬
tion of the records. Such records become the property of
the man or company owning the plant and are a valuable
asset for the conducting of the business. The manager is
by such means made independent of the arbitrary action of
a burner, and is relieved of anxiety as to the burner becom¬
ing ill or throwing up his job. Where a complete set of
records is kept in this manner any desired result may be dup¬
licated at will, whether the same or a different man be in
charge of the burning. It is only by such a system that this
most important operation in the manufacture of clay prod¬
ucts can be placed under control and positive, definite results
assured.

CLKV RECORD,

HOW THE MODERN PRODUCTION OF THE
BRICK KILN IS RECOVERING FROM
THE BLIGHT OF PERFECTION.

Some interesting things are said in the August Crafts¬
man about the recent revival of some old fashions in the
making and laying of brick, and about the increased interest
shown nowadays in that humble material and its artistic
possibilities. Brick has been treated very badly, there is no
denying it. It has been looked upon as a base and vulgar
material tit only for the plainest of utilitarian purposes. Even
for dwelling houses it has been disliked by a good many peo¬
ple because of an ill reputation for dampness — an objection
by the way, which thorough drainage soon disposes of. For
public buildings it has been thought too common and unim¬
pressive — a cheap substitute for stone to be resorted to only
in case of lack of money for marble or granite. This mean
conception of brick has not been held by those who have
carefully studied the splendid things done with it in past
times, but it has been very prevalent, and the Craftsman
undertakes to explain how it came about.

It was in the Victorian era, according to this view, that
the "blight of perfection” overtook brickwork and every¬
thing else. America suffered most because of greater addic¬
tion to machine methods and machine ideals : “Our pictures
and our sculptures became the slickest (to use a good old
Yankee word) most highly polished exhibition of trivial
imitation; our houses inside and out were overfinished and
overfurnished and without personal interest; our clothes
were all an overfine imitation of something we thought bet¬
ter ; our woods were varnished and veneered out of all
beauty and naturalness; our bricks were pointed or hidden
under smooth cement, and so on through every last ramifica¬
tion of our artificial, highly polished, disingenuous civiliza¬
tion.” As for brick, the ideal came to be something that
should be as smooth as marble. Till the Victorian era bricks
had been hand made and irregular in size, shape and color ;
with the advent of machinery they became uniform in size
and shape, and the edges were made sharp and the corners
square. To secure perfect uniformity of color, they were
carefully sorted after they were burned. When a wall was
laid, as evenly as possible and with narrow joints of fine
mortar the surface was scoured smooth with a soft brick,
and joints could be neatly indicated by mathematically ac¬
curate stripes of black or white paint. Later, in the pressed
brick era, so beautifully smooth and regular a product was
put on the market that scouring was unnecessary. “These
bricks were laid close together and joined with a mortar
colored to match. The result resembled nothing so much as
a sheet of tin painted red ; every inch was exactly like every
other inch. In looking at it the eyesight went sprawling
over the surface like a dog on slippery ice.”

It was in a very different way that the beautiful brick¬
work of the past was done. Brick has from necessity or
choice been the characteristic material of various schools of
architecture. In some cases, to be sure, notably during the
Roman empire, it was often treated as a mere foundation on
which to lay a fine white stucco, and no special attempt at
beauty of surface was made in putting the brick in place.
But where the brick has been the external material it has
been used frankly for what it is, with no effort to polish it
into the semblance of something better. On the contrary,
variety and interest of surface has been sought — sometimes
by rough, homely irregularity, sometimes by picturesque
patterns in color, sometimes by combining brick with other
material, as in the Persian architecture early in the Christian
era. where the bricks are used as a matrix in which to set
glazed tiles. In Italy in the middle ages beautiful patterns
were made in brick, as in a Bologna church, where “the
bricks are set in every conceivable fashion even with the an¬
gle of the head turned out, which makes them resemble a

beading. I he tiles inlaid are smooth and unglazed, in white
or dull colors that blend with the red-brown bricks in the
field of the wall.”

Of course for work of this kind the artist’s eye and hand
must be present at every point, and in modern times, un¬
luckily, the artist’s province has usually stopped with the
designing of a building, the erection of a wall, for example,
being made as mechanical a process as possible and intrusted
to workmen with skill in the technic of their craft, but with
no artistic training. It was the late Stanford White who dis¬
covered the great possibilities of the strange rich violets and
blues and dull deep purples in the overburned bricks which
had been discarded, and which he got for a song till manu¬
facturers began to see the decorative work he did with them.
It will very likely be some time before brick is rated at its
true value by the public, which thinks of it as a plain and
even ugly material, and is quite justified in that view so far
as the common use made of it in this country is concerned.
Nevertheless, its possibilities are increasingly appreciated
by architects and by students of art, and it is to be hoped
that the interest of experimenting with it will lead to some
happy results.

As a utilitarian materal, as is well recognized, brick can
hardly be surpassed. In fireproof qualities it surpasses any
kind of stone, and in endurance it is almost unequaled ; even
very thin walls of good brick have lasted from ancient times
almost uninjured, if not harmed by war or earthquake. And
on the artistic side, if brick lacks the serene majesty of Greek
marble and the rugged strength (or semblance of it) found
in granite, it has qualities of its own which are immensely
valuable. It is a pity to see a fetish made of stone ; part of
the money which Americans are ready to lavish on the finest
materials might well go toward a more beautiful architec¬
ture and workmanship in plainer stuff. But it is much
harder, unluckily, to raise money for workmanship and
artistic talent than for raw material. Public sentiment would
still rather have a plain marble wall than spend a like sum
for the designing and execution of a beautiful effect in
bricks. It may be quite as durable and much more interest¬
ing, but there is apt to be a feeling that it is extravagant,
while the marble, being put in place as cheaply as possible,
is a sound permanent investment. The feeling is due, of
course, to valuing costly materials above artistic skill, a fal¬
lacy which it is to be hoped the renaissance in brick work
which the Craftsman describes will do something to dispel.

- « ♦ - -

SECRET FORMULA DISCOVERED BY MEN
CONNECTED WITH LIBBY COMPANY.

Toledo, Ohio, is to be the home of another industry con¬
nected with the glass trade.

A new concern, called the Buckeye Clay Pot Co., has just
been launched with a capital of $100,000 and is backed
financially by S. O. Richardson, Jr., M. J. Owens and others
heavily interested in the glass business in Toledo.

The company will make pots, tanks, blocks and all sorts
of refractory supplies for glass factories from a secret
formula discovered by Wm. Brownee and A. Zopfi, who
are connected with the Libby Glass Co., and who have been
for some time at work on the process.

It is said that these two discoverers have finally succeeded
in evolving something that has long been wanted in the
glass making business. The new pots, it is understood, are
a wonderful improvement over those now in use both as
to strength and length of life. The new company expects
to supply all the glass factories in the country with pots
from the new process.

It has not yet been decided where the new plant will be
located other than that it will be built in Toledo and prob¬
ably near the Libby glass factory.

CL-KV RECORD.

A KANSAS MANUFACTURER SAYS BRICK

MAKING IN THE MID-CONTINENT FIELD
OFFERS THE BIGGEST MONEY MAKING
OPPORTUNITY IN THE UNITED
STATES TODAY,

If the reader has ever paid any attention to the brands on
the brick in the sidewalks in a good share of the towns of
Kansas, he will probably remember that on the brick made
by the Coffeyville Vitrified Brick & Tile Company the “&
character is made backwards. Now that does not mean
much to the fellow who notices it in Kansas, but suppose
you were over in Australia and saw brick bearing that
mark. It would mean a great deal to you, wouldn’t it? A
Kansas man who recently returned from a trip to Australia
reports having seen that old familiar brand of brick over
there, and that it was the only thing he say from Kansas.

Even in our own and the adjoining states the vitrified
brick has been the means of giving a knowledge of Coffey¬
ville to people who probably never heard of that place in any
other connection, unless it was as the place where the Dalton
brothers were killed, says the Topeka Capital.

And Coffeyville is not the only Kansas town for which the
brick industry has done so much, although it was at Coffey¬
ville that the pioneer shale brick company of this country
was established. .

Therefore, when you saw a brick it was a “mud brick,”
made of clay and very likely molded by a process almost
as crude when compared with the methods of today as
would be the straw and mud process by which the children
of Israel made brick for the Pharaohs. But now you will
scarcelv ever see a mud brick in this western country, even
among" the class of brick known as common builders, and
the old-fashioned people who shaved dust off a brick to
polish their table knives would scarcely be able to find a suit¬
ably soft brick anywhere except among the debris from some
old building or chimney.

The modern brick, especially in the west, whether for
building, sidewalk or paving purposes is the shale brick,
harder and heavier than the old brick and a dozen of them
will not absorb as much water as one of the old kind, hence
they are almost impervious to damage from water, fire and
frost.

There are today in Kansas nearly as many brick plants
as there were men employed in the brick-making industry in
the State twenty years ago, and almost any one of the plants
down in the gas belt will turn out as many brick in a day
as the combined daily output of all the plants in the State
at that time.

Labor Commissioner Johnson in his annual report for last
year states that there were about 2,500 men employed in the
brick and tile industry and that their total wages for the
year were very nearly a million dollars. And the demand for
brick is so great that four or five times as many plants and
men would not have overstocked the market. In fact, all
over the west buildings were built of cement blocks, stone,
etc.', which would have been built of brick could they have
been obtained.

In the new State of Oklahoma there exists today a de¬
mand for brick that was never before equaled in any State
in the Union, it being estimated that four hundred million
brick would be used there during the next year if they could
be secured. This extraordinarily great demand is due to
the very large number of school buildings, court houses and
other public buildings made necessary by the wonderful
growth of that State, and made possible by the vast sums
secured in taxes from its oil producing sections.

Hundreds of business buildings in that State are being
built from native stone, concrete blocks and lumber because
the builders cannot find brick manufacturers who will con¬
tract to furnish the brick within a specified time. The same
conditions obtain, although in not so great an extent in

Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana, and no immediate relief is
in sight.

A few years ago. when cement block and concrete con¬
struction first came into prominence many people, both brick
manufacturers and others, became very much afraid that
the advent of cement meant the destruction of the brick in¬
dustry, but that fear, like the fear that the bicycle would
do away with the demand for horses, had no foundation in
fact. Each fills a demand that cannot be adequately met by
the other, and the demands for both are far beyond the
visible supply, while the constant decrease in the supply and
increase in the price of lumber and the tendency toward
fireproof construction seems to indicate that the increase
in the building demand will keep pace with the increase in the
number and capacity of plants ; while the growing popularity
of the vitrified brick blocks with asphalt filler for paving
purposes promises a market for all that can be made for
many years to come.

It is a remarkable fact that during the panic of 1907 vitri¬
fied brick and paving blocks did not fall a cent in price,
while building brick, lumber, cement and structural steel all
showed marked decreases, and it is a further fact that no
other commodity, unless it is pig iron, is more readily ac¬
cepted as security for industrial loans, and a manufacturer
who needs money temporarily can get it upon paving brick
almost as readily as a pawnbroker loans money on a diamond.

Vitrified brick, such as were used for paving purposes a
few years ago, are coming to be used a great deal in the last
few years in building residences, flats and apartment houses
as well as for business and public buildings, and, while the
first cost is slightly greater than frame construction, the
lower cost of maintenance, painting, etc., make them a much
cheaper building material, while the difference in fire insur¬
ance rates and the greater appearance of stability renders
buildings made of them much more desirable from both
economic and aesthetic points of view.

In spite of the fact that a good many of the smaller brick
plants of Kansas have been established and are managed by
men that are not practical brick men, it is stated that no
other manufacturing industry in the State has paid a big¬
ger return on the money invested than have the brick plants
established since the discovery and development of the shale
processes and the use of natural gas for fuel. One plant in
a town not a hundred miles from Topeka has paid average
dividends of 60 per cent a year for the last ten years and
another not much further away paid 70 per cent last year,
and neither of the two plants were of modern construction,
hence could not carry on their processes by the most economi¬
cal methods.

Under the heading, “Brick Production in Oklahoma,” the
Daily Oklahoman, of Oklahoma City, of July 4, said edi¬
torially :

“Oklahoma is destined to become one of the greatest brick
producing states in the union, as she has the clay and the
fuel with which to burn it.

“The greater part of the rocks in eastern and northeastern
Oklahoma consist of alternating layers of clay and shale,
with intervening strata of limestone and sandstone. This
clay and shale is usually gray, yellow or drab in color. The
greater part of the clay in this region is suitable for the
manufacture of pressed brick, stiff mud brick, tile, hollow-
ware. and certain grades of pottery. Pressed brick plants
have been established at Bartlesville, Ramona, Ochelata,
Tulsa, Redfork, Sapulpa, Cleveland, Okmulgee, Vinita,
Claremore, Muskogee and McAlester, Few of these plants
do more than supply local demand and so great has been
the demand for brick the past few years that many towns
have had to import brick from Kansas.

“This is the fuel region of Oklahoma. Coal is found in
every county in this part of the State and near practically
every town. Oil and gas are present in the greatest abun-

CLAY RECORD. 2s

dance in many localities. Gas wells which furnish all the
way up to 50 million cubic feet per day occur in many com¬
munities. Nothing is needed in this region but the establish¬
ment of tile and pottery works.

“AH the essentials for a number of profitable plants are
found in eastern Oklahoma. Raw material is here in abun¬
dance ; cheap fuel, of three kinds ; coal, oil and gas, is in
quantities, for all practical purposes, inexhaustible. Com¬
peting lines of railroads spider-web the region. A market
is assured ; for Oklahoma now has a million and a half of
people with comparatively few substantial buildings. Almost
no drainage has been built and a few roads constructed.
Drain tile will be used in constantly increasing amounts, for
drainage and culverts. The first plants on the ground will
reap a harvest. A number of growing cities stand ready to
give substantial encouragement to bona fide enterprises.

“Professor Gould, State geologist, has made arrangements
through co-operation with the United States Geological Sur¬
vey to have the clays of the various parts of the State tested
at the government laboratories in Pittsburg this summer at
government and State expense. The State chemist will
spend the summer in Pittsburg assisting with the tests.

*‘Dr. Gould wishes to find out just what products the vari¬
ous clays and shales of the State are suited for and make the
information public through reports of the survey.”

Commenting upon the statements of the Oklahoman, a
prominent Kansas manufacturer stated to the writer the
other day that they were very conservative. He said: “Cer¬
tain sections of Oklahoma, such as those around Tulsa,
Henryetta, etc., offer the greatest advantages for clay and
shale manufacturers that are offered anywhere in the coun¬
try today. Beside unlimited deposits of shale they have the
three kinds of fuel mentioned in quantities not found else¬
where in the country. There are in the gas field of Okla¬
homa wells having a combined capacity of over a billion cubic
feet per day capped in and not drawn upon because there is
no demand for the gas, and ten times as much more could
be drilled in without going outside the proven fields, while
wild-cat drilling would doubtless develop the same condi¬
tion in fields where no drilling has been done. Most of the
Oklahoma gas is deep well gas — wells from 1,200 to 2,000
feet deep with rock pressure of from 500 to 900 pounds per
square inch, and they will range in capacity from five to fifty
million cubic feet per day.

“There is no question but that investments in Oklahoma
brick and tile plants will pay big dividends in the next ten
years, and I will not attempt to forecast what they will be
after that time. I know that the inland tariff which Okla¬
homa holds against brick from other states by means of its
intra-state freight rates on brick being lower than those on
interstate shipments is sufficient to pay anywhere from 8 to
30 per cent on the money invested. Why, on a haul of 75
miles the difference is enough to amount to $1.27 on each
thousand, while on shipments of 250 miles and upward it
amounts to $1.90 a thousand.

“The fuel cost is the biggest item in brick manufacturing
where coal is used, and the saving in cost of manufacturing
by using gas will amount to from $1.25 to $2.50 a thou¬
sand, while the demand is great enough to make it possible
to sell at just as high prices as the coal burned brick must
bring. And I know of places in Oklahoma where I can get
contracts for gas at 3 cents a thousand feet as long as the
field lasts, while at the same time it will be possible to fall
back on oil and coal when the gas field is exhausted.

“Another thing that is going to be in favor of the plants
that will be built in that country, as compared with our Kan¬
sas plants, is the fact that manufacturers are waking up to
the fact that it pays to put in the most up-to-date machinery,
no matter how much more it costs, because it makes possible
a bigger output every working day, and that means a lot of

gain in each year. You know it is necessary to shut down
almost all plants on rainy or snowy days, because it is hard to
get men to work in the shale pits and because the shale will
not grind as well as when it is dry, so the up-to-date plants
will be provided with storage bins to hold enough shale for
several days’ run and when wet weather comes they need
not stop an hour. By this means a gain of fifty days in each
year can be made. If a plant makes a hundred thousand
brick a day the profit on the output for those fifty days’ prod¬
uct will amount to a pretty good figure.

“The modern plant will be built practically fireproof and a
big expense in the way of fire insurance premiums will thus
be avoided, and the use of the internal combustion engines
for power will produce a considerable saving.

“The brick plants of the future will be big ones and the
companies owning a number of plants will be the ones to
make money, because they can undertake contracts that the
smaller plants won’t dare to touch and they can cut down
the overhead cost enough to pay dividends where the smaller
companies would not more than break even.

“Then think of the demand for other shale and clay prod¬
ucts. Take sewer pipe and drain tile and roofing tile; they
are made by only one of two plants in this section of the
country and the demand for them is hardly started. What
will it be in a few years? Roofing tile is going to be the
roofing material of the future, and there is only one plant
west of the Mississippi river that I know of, and that is at
Coffevville, and it employs only about 35 men.

“I look upon the brick and tile industry of this mid-con¬
tinent field as the biggest money-making opportunity in the
United States today.”

- - - - -

GALESBURG MAN GETS $20,000 FOR PATENT.

E. S. Lafferty of Galesburg, Ill., has just concluded ne¬
gotiations for the sale of his patent rights in the manufacture
of hollow building brick and as the result it is said that the
local man will get in the neighborhood of $20,000 in royal¬
ties and other perquisites which accrue to him as the holder
of the patent right. Mr. Frank Dutcher of Versailes, Penn¬
sylvania, who has been stopping for several days past at
the Illinois hotel and engaged in negotiations with Mr.
Lafferty for the sale of his patent, left for Pittsburg after
the deal had been consummated. It is estimated that the
royalties which will accrue to Mr. Lafferty will aggregate
$20,000.

Mr. Lafferty resides east of the city on Michigan avenue.
The patented article for whose manufacture he gets the big
sum is a hollow building brick. The brick is just like the
ordinary building brick except that instead of being solid
it is hollow. By this hollow construction the manufacturer
is able to make brick much cheaper than by the old method
as the hollow brick require much less fuel in the kilns and
can be burned in much less time. A saving is also effected
in the material used in the brick and it is represented that
the hollow brick are capable of withstanding all the pressure
necessary in ordinary construction work. Another advan¬
tage is that the brick are much lighter and much easier to
handle a fact which cuts down freight rates and facilitates
the work of building construction. Still another advantage
found in the hollow brick is their sanitary excellence, the
air-chambers in the brick making the buildings of which
they are constructed of much more even temperature all
the year round.

It is said that Mr. Dutcher, who conducted the negotia¬
tions for the sale of the patent intends to head a syndicate
which will manufacture the brick. The plant is to be lo¬
cated near Pittsburg and will represent an investment of
$300,000. For each brick manufactured Mr. Lafferty will
receive a royalty and the aggregate is expected to net him a
handsome sum.

CLHY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are t'hose that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

923,921. Tile Greenhouse-Bench. Byron P. Wise, Cleve¬
land, Ohio. Filed July 11, 1908. Serial No. 443>o84-

A tile greenhouse bench, comprising rows of hollow posts,
a plurality of hollow cross-beam tiles arranged in alinement
and carried by the posts in each row, and floor-tiles resting
upon the hollow cross-beam tiles, each floor-tile provided
with webs or flanges extending, transversely of the cross¬
beam tiles.

In a tile greenhouse bench, the combination with a sup¬
port, of a floor-tile carried by said support, said floor-tile
comprising a body provided with longitudinally-extending
vertical flanges or webs upon its under face, and said webs
serving as a support for the body and spacing the same from
the support.

924,014. Grinding-Mill. Thomas L. Sturtevant, Quincy,
and Thomas J. Sturtevant, Wellesley, Mass., assignors to
Sturtevant Mill Company, Portland, Me., a Corporation of
Maine. Filed October 5, 1905. Serial No. 281,404.

In a grinding machine, the combination with a rotating
disk or plate, of a casing having a section adjustable trans¬
versely to the axis of rotation of said rotating disk or plate,
a stationary disk carried by said adjustable section, and an
adjusting screw for moving said adjustable section trans¬
versely to the said axis of rotation of said rotating disk or
plate.

In a grinding mill, the combination with a rotating grind¬
ing disk or plate and a casing within which the same is
mounted, of a door-like part closing the end of the chamber
formed by the said casing and mounted on a vertical hinge
or part so as to swing horizontally, said door-like part hav¬
ing a horizontally extending arm overlapping said casing, a
stationary grinding disk or plate mounted on said door-like

part, and a screw tapped in said arm and abutting against
said casing for adjusting the said door-like part vertically on
its hinge or pivot for the purpose of varying the eccen¬
tricity of the said stationary disk or plate relative to the said
rotating disk or plate.

924,113. Cutting-Table for Bricks and Tiles. John S.
Smith, Niles, Cal. Filed December 29, 1908. Serial No.
469,868.

In combination with a support for a bar of clay, a putting
reel comprising cutting wires, means for rotating said reel,
a presser foot for holding a bar of clay immovably on said
support, means for so actuating said presser foot, and means
arranged to be rotated with the reel for operating said actuat¬
ing means, substantially as described.

In combination with a support for a bar of clay, a cutting
reel comprising cutting wires, means for rotating said reel,
a presser foot for holding a bar of clay immovably on said
support, means for so actuating said presser foot, a cam
secured to said reel and arranged to move said presser foot
into its operative position immediately before the cutting
wires enter the bar of clay, and to hold the same in operative
position while said cutting wires pass through said bar, and
means for adjusting said cam as to its angular position, sub¬
stantially as described.

924,131. Filter-Press. Samuel K. Behrend, Denver, Colo.
Filed July 21, 1905. Serial No. 270,663.

In a filter press, the combination with a suitable support
and tracks, of a plurality of frames mounted to travel on
said tracks, and automatic means for forcing them together
and separating them.

In a filter press, the combination with a suitable support
and tracks, of frames mounted to travel on said tracks, said
frames loosely connected to one another, whereby after a
limited separation of two frames, the third and fourth will
be separated and so on until all are pulled apart, and auto¬
matic means for applying power at one end of the series
of frames for separating them and for forcing them together.

CLAY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

During the past two weeks there has been a decided in¬
crease in the price of lumber locally and the announcement
is made by several builders that they have changed their plans
and will use brick instead of wood now that the actual cost
of construction is so nearly the same, or so close, anyway that
the increased cost of the brick work does not make a great
deal of difference. One of the most encouraging features
of the situation locally is the fact that work has been started
on a large number of flats and apartment houses in the burnt
district within the fire limits. These are all brick structures
and the commencement of active work in this district will
mean an increased market for brick, or one which will make
up for the decreases that are to be noted in the erection of
large office and store buildings in the downtown district due
to the fact that the chief retail and wholesale districts are well
built up again. Property owners in the district lying between
the present retail district and Van Ness Avenue have been
petitioning the Board of Supervisors to take away a large
area from the district covered by the present fire limits and
allow cheaper buildings to be erected, but such action has not
been looked upon in a favorable light and brick and concrete
are the materials that must be used.

The ruins of the old City Hall have been practically all
cleared away and most of the brick have been cleaned and
are now being marketed. Immediately after the fire large
quantities of brick were hauled away and dumped into sloughs
and low places but now everything is saved and used. The
whole brick are cleaned and used again and the broken bits
are crushed to the right size and used for making concrete
where great strength is not required.

The efforts to secure a uniform sized brick does not seem
to have met with much success from the local manufacturers
for while the standard size adopted was made for a time by
most of the concerns in the business many of them have gone
back to the old sizes again and there are now about as many
sizes in use as there plants in operation. Several manufac¬
turers have taken up the manufacture of a brick double the
size of the ordinary brick and this is meeting with consider¬
able favor from contractors who use them for foundation
work. They are rapidly laid and a wall in which they are
used is just as strong as though the old style ones were used.
In a few cases they have been used for face work in walls,
the odd size being considered quite distinctive.

W. E. Dennison, who is one of the members of the State
Board of Harbor Commissioners, and also president of the
Steiger Terra Cotta and Pottery Works, in speaking of his
opinion of the new tariff, as applying to the brick making in¬
dustry says : “I believe that California has fared as well in the
new tariff as any other State in the union. The reduction on
firebrick will have practically no effect on the business done in
that line on the Coast. The importations of firebrick have
lessened and lessened each year until they amount to but
little and we make right here in the State better brick than
the imported article. The fact that California plants have
been shipping firebrick to the Orient is sufficient proof that
protection is not needed here.”

A Bartolomeo, an employee of the Great Western Brick

Company of Richmond, Cal., was killed at the plant re¬
cently by having his leg caught and crushed in a grinding
machine. The grinder was in full operation and the top
of it being on a level with the ground Bartolomeo accidental¬
ly stepped into it. Before the machinery could be stopped
or the man could tear his limb away he fell backward, dead.

A. Abrahamson of Oakland, Cal., has purchased the old
brick works on the water front at Vallejo and has organized
the Hyfire Brick Company to take over and develop the
property. New machinery will be purchased immediately
and some brick will be made before the winter rains set in,
if possible. The enterprise is backed by Oakland men among
whom are Albert and G. Abrahamson, E. E. Kemble, F. E.
Alexander and A. Mayer. It is the intention to manufacture
both common and fire brick.

The Pyrmont Brick Company of Lincoln, Cal., engineered
by Sacramento capitalists, is making great preparations to
commence operations at that place. A spur track is being
laid from the main line of the Southern Pacific railroad and
as soon as this track is completed to the clay beds the work of
erecting an immense brick plant will be commenced. The
clay secured from the beds around Lincoln are of the
highest quality and it is from this section that the high art
tiling to be used on the Columbia theater building in San
Fancisco is to be secured.

A new brick yard is being planned for Benecia, Cal., but
definite plans have not been announced by the interested
parties. A portion of the Dillan ranch owned by the
Dominican Fathers, near Glen Cove has been leased to San
Francisco parties and within a short time a brick and
tile works will be erected there. There was formerly a
similar plant on the ground but this has not been operated
for a long time.

The Simons Brick Company which has been negotiating
for a site for a tile works at El Centro, Cal., has selected
a site of twenty acres on the outskirts of the city. The brick
company is a Los Angeles concern and a large part of the
product will be shipped there.

Plans have been made by the Vallejo Brick & Tile Co.
for some extensive additions to the plant at Vallejo but the
installation of new kilns will not commence until next spring.
Nine kilns are now in operation and these are being worked
to their full capacity in order to keep up with the demand.

The big plant of N. Clark & Son in East Oakland is very
busy at the present time working on sewer pipe. All of
the small incorporated towns east of that cirv are installing
sewer systems and a large amount of sewer pipe is being
used.

What is planned to be the largest sewer pipe and clay
products plant in the Northwest, and one of the largest
in the United States, is being built at the present time near
the city of Spokane, Wash., at an estimated cost of $300,000.
William M. Colby of Mason City, Iowa, is president of the
concern and S. J. Beal of Minneapolis, secretary. Surveys
for the big plant have been made and work has been com¬
menced on some of the buildings. Machinery is to be pur¬
chased at once and it is expected that a portion of the plant
will be in operation by the first of the new year.

The Washington Brick, Lime and Sewer Pipe Co. has
been incorporated at Spokane. Wash.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. AUGUST 30, 1909. No. 4

**l like to read American advertisements. They are It*
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

Every man has a klondike in his own brain, “Keep dig¬
ging.”

Some men who pat you on the back would rather punch
your head.

Don’t wait for your ship to come in. Charter a tug and
go out to meet it.

It’s all right for selfish people to indulge in self-admira¬
tion ; otherwise they would not get any kind.

We have not asked you about that subscription lately.
Have you sent it in? One dollar for twenty-four numbers
is all that is asked for papers to be sent in this country.

Advertising of the right-kind in the right-place at the
right time cuts the salesman’s work in two. Don’t expect
your salesman to do their best unless you do the best for
them.

“No person should be refused employment, or in any
way discriminated against, on account of membership in
any labor organization, and there should be no discriminat¬
ing against any employe who’s not a member of a labor
organization by members of such organizations.”

Your advertising is saying something or other about your
goods or factory to the public every day in the year. It
is forming impressions and shaping opinions in thousands
of minds all the year. Do not neglect it, or think you can
get along without it because business may be good or poor.

BALTIMORE MERCHANTS SATISFIED WITH
THE TRADE SITUATION.

The settlement of the tariff question is reflected in de¬
cided improvement in all branches of trade, especially in
iron and steel lines. For the first time in two years all de¬
partments of the Maryland Steel Co. are running full time
six days a week, giving employment to 4,000 men and boys.
Wholesalers and jobbers report shipments of goods, espe¬
cially to the South, larger than at any time for two years.
Southern merchants continue to come to Baltimore in large
numbers, and without exception bring the most encourag¬
ing advices relative to conditions in Dixie. They say that
the monetary returns from cotton will be the largest on
record, despite the decrease in the yield of the staple.

Local railroad officials are well satisfied with the traffic
situation and predict a return to the volume of 1906 and the
first half of 1907 by the end of the year. Many shippers
are apprehensive of a shortage of cars, but traffic men say
there is no danger of a blockade. It is a fact, however, that
railroads are looking ahead and are buying equipment to be
in position to handle the expected rush of freight. The
order for cars, rails and bridge material, aggregating ap¬
proximately $7,000,000, just placed by the Baltimore &
Ohio Railroad, is to be followed by further purchases be¬
fore the close of the year, which will call for an additional
expenditure of more than $3,000,000. The repair shops of
this company in and around Baltimore, also those of the
Northern Central Railway, are busier than they have been
at any time since the panic.

- . » » -

The Baltimore Brick Co., the largest manufacturer of
brick in this territory, is operating its plant to full capacity
and reports a steadily increasing demand for its product.
The coal industry in Maryland and West Virginia is shar¬
ing to the full in the better times. Production of fuel is
larger than for two years, and prices are more stable. Coast¬
wise shipments have reached large proportions, and the coal
piers along the wharves are taking on something like the
old-time activity. Foreign demand for coal is improving,
and some good-sized contracts are pending.

FASHIONS IN BRICK.

According to an interesting article in Surburban Life for
September, there are fashions in brick as well as in woman’s
dress. The writer, C. Wendell Lansing, of the article says:
“No longer are buildings built of red brick of uniform color
and shape, laid in running bond, with narrow mortar joint,
the whole giving the appearance of a painted surface ruled
off with geometrical precision. This conventional style has
been abandoned, and has given place to walls built of brick
of varying colors, shapes and finish. The style of the mor¬
tar joint has also changed, with the result that today a brick
facade is a work of artistic character, and the various styles
of brick and of brick-laying offer themselves to an unending
variety of architectural treatment.”

CLHY RECORD.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

Fire destroyed one of the large kilns at the Tobias &
Sheridan’s Brick Works at Hamburg, Pa., the large shed
being entirely destroyed. The plant is running at its fullest
capacity and the kiln will be rebuilt as soon as possible.

Oil exploded in the oil room and completely destroyed
the sand-lime brick plant of the Owensboro (Ky.) Sand
Lime Brick Co., causing a loss of $35,000. Insurance,
$20,000. Same is now being adjusted and it is expected
the plant will be rebuilt at once. To save expenses the
company had taken off the night watchman.

The John Kulp & Son Brick Works on Marion Avenue,
Columbus, Ohio, was visited by a fire which caused damage
to the plant to the extent of $7,500.

MANUFACTURERS OF HOLLOW TILE AWAIT
TEST WITH INTEREST.

Columbus manufacturers of hollow tile, and in fact, all
men interested in this industry, which has grown to great
proportions in the Hocking valley and the eastern district
of Ohio, will follow with interest the tests to be made in
New York City in the next few weeks of the use of hollow
tile in fire-proof buildings.

W. D. Henry of Pittsburg, president of the National Fire
Proofing company, has been in New York arranging for
the test and in letters to local men regarding these, he says
that Mayor McClellan gave hollow tile a clean bill and in
order that there may be no misunderstanding has suggested
and Mr. Henry, with other manufacturers, have agreed to
have a test in order to settle the points in dispute. Represen¬
tatives of hollow tile and cinder concrete construction will
be present and both will give tests. Mr. Henry says that
the result of these tests will settle the whole controversy
and prove of benefit to the fire proofing company. It is con¬
tended that the entire matter has been wonderfully mis¬
represented in New York because the concrete interests
have had a monopoly on the small building business, and
the hollow tile concerns seek to secure their share. The
National Fire Proofing Co. announces that it will furnish
hollow tile for the new Morris building, Philadelphia. It
will require 10,000 tons. The material will be shipped from
one of the Ohio plants.

CHAMBERS BROS. CO. NEW CHICAGO
ADDRESS.

On September 1st, the renumbering of streets in the City
of Chicago will take effect and it is important that sub¬
scribers in writing to firms use the new address if they
wish their mail to be delivered as early as possible.

The only advertiser in the Clay Record that is affected
by this new ordinance is the Chambers Bros. Company, of
Philadelphia, who have maintained a Chicago office and
supply department at 59 West Jackson Boulevard. This
office after the above date will be known as 524 West Jack-
son Boulevard.

Mr. E. R. Frazier would be glad to meet all bis friends
at the new number but at the old stand and will tell them
of some of the recent accomplishments of the Chambers
Machinery.

- -

FIRE CLAY DISCOVERED, TWO PLANTS

STARTED.

The first brick company is now awaiting a big lot of
machinery, while a second is making preparations to do
business at Ranier, Oregon. It has been found during the
excavations for sewers that the whole city is underlaid with
the finest kind of brick clay, and vast quantities of fine clay
are found just on the outskirts of the city.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES, AND LOSSES

An employee of the Cary Brick Co., living at Stuyvesant,
N. Y., had his back broken by falling from a load of wood.

Joe Gondol, a laborer, lost his hand by being caught in
the mold of the brick machine at the plant of the Flint
(Mich.) Sandstone Brick Co.

Louis Horn, manager of the Cement Block & Concrete
Co., Bellefontaine, O., was killed by falling from the top of
a 30-ft. derrick which fell with him and crushed his skull.

Joe Quezada is suing the Texas Brick Co. for the loss of
an arm in their Carrollton plant. He wants $18,000 for lost
earning capacity and $10,000 for physical pain he suffered.

The Empire Brick & Oil Co.’s plant at New Albany,
Kansas, has been sold by sheriff’s sale to trustees who will
reincorporate and reorganize the company and work the
plant.

The plant of the Florida White Pressed Brick Co., near
Jacksonville, Fla., has been ordered sold by the court on
complaint of the Barnett National Bank, which it owes
$ 1 1,000.

Michael Reilly an employee of the Archer Bros. Brick
Works at Haverstraw, N. Y., was killed by highwaymen.
He was found by the roadside with his skull crushed and his
pockets empty.

The State Labor Agent caused the arrest of E. W. Wolters
of the Wolters Bros. Brick Works at Atchison, Kansas, for
employing a fourteen-year-old boy, which is a violation of
the child labor law.

The heavy rains did damage to the St. Anne (Til.) Brick
& Tile Co.’s plant by being flooded causing a loss of $500.
A rotarv pump capable of throwing 10,000 gallons of water
per hour will be permanently installed.

The Yoke Vitrified Brick Co., Coffeyville, Kansas, has
been made an involuntary bankrupt by proceedings filed by
creditors. The liabilities are $150,000. A. J. Yoke founded
the business but sold out some time ago.

Two men were injured, one killed, two houses demolished
and much other damage was done as a result of blasting at
the plant of the Kansas Buff Brick Mfg. Co., at Altoona.

4,000 pounds of powder and 100 pounds of dynamite let go.

- - - - -

NEW YORK BRICK MARKET STILL SLUGGISH.

The brick situation remains in the same condition re¬
ported last issue. Market quotations range from $4.50 to
$5 for common hards. Several instances were reported
where $5.25 was obtained, but these are exceptional, and do
not represent prevailing prices. The feeling is general that
prices will not drop any further, but on the other hand no
prophesies are being made as to when conditions will im¬
prove.

Transactions last week were: holdovers, 16; arrivals,
69; sales, 74. Eleven cargoes held over for this week.
These are normal figures, and show that the shipments met
a slightly improving market.

From one source it was learned that if the present condi¬
tion continues manufacturers will stock up their sheds and
stop making, or at least ease off for a while. An unprece¬
dented run of good brick making weather is responsible, in
a large measure, for the present over-supply. Some dealers
are taking advantage of present prices and are stacking,
but this would be more general if better grades were coming
in. As it is few are loading heavily.

CLKY RECORD.

PRODUCT OF LABOR OF CITY PRISONERS
HAS FAILED OF A MARKET.

The board of charities and corrections in a report sub¬
mitted to the Minneapolis city council summed up the con¬
ditions at the workhouse which call for the use by the city
departments of the brick manufactured by city prisoners.

Some time ago the local teamsters’ union raised objections
because the city contemplated using prison-made brick in
school buildings, and declared that it would refuse to haul
the material. This led to an investigation by the board and
the following report resulted :

“In August, 1904, your honorable body passed an or¬
dinance the effect of which was to compel the employment
of city workhouse labor in the workhouse grounds only.

“From June 1, 1905, when the ordinance went into effect,
until December, 1907, the only available outlet for the work-
house labor was the routine work in the workhouse grounds
and farm. The result was the enforced idleness of prison¬
ers, for it was found impossible to find steady work for more
than one-third of the population.

“The others had to be kept in their cells. In December,
1907, the population increased to such an extent that the
forced idleness had an extremely bad effect. The board
found it expedient to establish some industry in the work-
house grounds so as to not infringe on the ordinance. The
result was that seven acres of adjoining ground was pur¬
chased which contained a large deposit of brick clay. A
brick plant was also required.

“The work has proceeded down to the present time, giv¬
ing ample employment to the prisoners. During the season
of 1908 there was manufactured 1,900,000 brick of which
1,100,000 is still on hand. So far this season, 1,400,000
brick were manufactured, making a total of 2,500,000 brick
on hand. No effort has been made by the board to dispose
of this product to outside purchasers in competition with
outside companies. Every effort has been made to co¬
operate with the other city departments, but without success.

“At the present time the storage capacity is exhausted
and unless immediate steps are taken it will be necessary
to shut down the plant altogether.”

The board asked that the council take steps providing for
the disposition of the brick.

On motion of Alderman Williams the question was re¬
ferred to a special committee made up of one alderman from
each ward. He intimated that one city department had asked
for prices on the product but that it had not been given any
figures.

- - ♦ « -

AMERICANS ORDER FIRE BRICK OF
SCOTTISH FIRM.

New York, Aug. 21. — English cablegrams say that Am¬
erican iron and steel manufacturers have placed large or¬
ders for the immediate shipment of fire clay bricks for the
erection of many additional blast furnaces. Most of these
orders have been placed with Scottish makers, so the ad¬
vices state, with instructions that the material is to be de¬
livered in the United States as quickly as possible. In Eng¬
land these orders are accepted as an additional indication
that the iron and steel trades are booming.

BRICKYARD EMPLOYES GIVE LIBERALLY TO

HOSPITAL.

Cash donations to St. Luke’s Hospital at Newburgh, N. Y.,
in July were as follows: David L. Ward, $4.50; children of
Berath Heyman, $2.61 ; Misses Della Gardner and Helen
Rouss, $5 ; Miss Mary B. Wright, $2 ; Mrs. George H. Ross,
$5 ; Hon. Cornelius L. Waring, $5 ; Lawson Hose Co., No. 5,
$50; Arrow Brick Co., $55 ; the Jova brick works and em¬
ployes, $170 ; Bartlett brick works and employes, $65.

CLAIMS HE WILL REVOLUTIONIZE
BUILDING.

The following from the Indianapolis Star tells of Lieut.
Parkhurst’s inventions that will revolutionize building.

“The invention of a process which makes stone from
earth — stone that is harder than granite, impervious to
water and which can be moulded into any shape and pro¬
duced in any color — was announced yesterday by L. M.
Parkhurst, an Indianapolis man.

“Patents are pending on the process, and until granted
the secret will not be made public. The invention is of a
chemical operation, used in connection with an electrical
apparatus of special design. The feasibility of the inven¬
tion has been indorsed by State Geologist W. S. Blatchlev,
Prof. Michael Golden of Purdue University and the Smith¬
sonian Institute at Washington.

“By the process building brick can be made for $1 a
thousand, and from the very earth that is dug out from
the foundations. The material can be manufactured and
is better than concrete because impervious to water. A
solid rock roadbed can be made for railroads, which will
stand as long as solid granite would stand, and would obvi¬
ate washouts and a tremendous expense which is yearly
required to keep roadbeds in good condition.

“In fact, any construction that requires stone, brick, tile
or concrete is open to the competition of this new material,
which, it is promised, will make better stone and cheaper
stone.

“By the process any of the ingredients of the earth within
twenty feet of the surface are eaten up by Parkhur^t’s ma¬
chinery and turned out into his rock. It can be molded
into any shape, in bricks, slabs or blocks. Street pavements
can be constructed from it and the foundations for pave¬
ments, with the very dirt that is excavated for the founda¬
tion, with the machine right on the ground to make the
transformation.

“ ‘The very proposition itself’ said Parkhurst, ‘means
either nothing or a fabulous sum. I have been very careful
not to take one step without scientific verification of my
theory.’ ”

MILWAUKEE BRICK PRICES TAKE A FALL.

Milwaukee brick took a great tumble the middle of the
month. A cut of 50 cents a thousand was made.

It is expected that the slump will have a stimulating effect
on building. Building work of all kinds will be effected.

A year ago at the corresponding period of the season,
Milwaukee brick was $6.50 a thousand. It is now $6.

The cut in Milwaukee is said to be due to the warfare of
Chicago brick-makers, who only recently stopped the slash¬
ing of prices that had prevailed in that city, but who are
still fighting on outside business. In Chicago the manu¬
facturers are charging $6 for brick in Milwaukee, after

paying the freight, they make a price of only $4.50.

- - - - -

OAKLANDERS TO TAKE OVER BIG BRICK

WORKS.

The Hyfire Brick Co. has been incorporated by San
Francisco and Oakland capitalists to take over and operate
the brick and tile works on the north beach shore at Vallejo,
Cal. The local plant, which is one of the finest in the West,
has lain idle for many years. The capital stock of the com¬
pany is $100,000, divided into shares of the par value of $1
each. The incorporators of the company are Albert Abra-
hamson, A. Mayer, G. Abrahamson, F. A. Alexander and
F. A. Kemble. - — . -

Don’t let your profits run away when you can use a
clay feeder and mixer on your machines and save from
$500 to $1,000 a year. Write to the Marion Machine,
Foundry & Supply Co., at Marion, Ind., for particulars.

BRICKLAYERS SHOUTING FOR MORE
BRICKYARDS.

To the Editor. Some time ago I was instructed by the
Bricklayers' union to go before the city council with a
statement of facts regarding the shortage of brick in Omaha.

I asked them to repeal the ordinance forbidding the erec¬
tion of brick plants passed by the old council. We thought
at that time that with such an array of facts and arguments
as we were able to present the council would certainly have
their eyes opened and see the injury that had resulted from
the passage of such a hasty ordinance. But it seems that a
few of the “high brows” in the west end of town immedi¬
ately began to sneeze and were almost suffocated at the
mere mention of more manufacturing industries in Omaha.
After the council adjourned I heard some of the gentlemen
who were protesting against this repealing of the ordinance
say: “Let Sioux City or any other place make the brick,
we will buy them and we don’t want them made here.”

Now the facts are that for the last two years the brick¬
layers of Omaha have been losing thousands of dollars
through lost time caused bv a shortage of brick. And when
bricklayers cannot get material it naturally follows that all
other building trades must also lose time and buildings which
are badly needed are tied up.

The government geological report specially mentions the
clay along the river near Omaha as being the cheapest clay
to work and the most accessible of any in the west.

Modern brick plants such as we have now of the gas pro¬
ducer style will not make as much smoke or fumes as one of
our ordinary schoolhouses. It would certainly be a good
idea for the different clubs formed for the purpose of boost¬
ing Omaha to cease paying attention to a few “finicky”
ones and boost for more brick plants, more improvements,
annexation, better streets and a great, big Omaha.

George Routt,
Secretary Bricklayers’ Union.

A NEW BRANCH OF MOSAIC INDUSTRY.

That Trenton, N. J., is forging its way to the front in the
manufacture of tiling for the exterior of buildings is evi¬
denced in the recent receipt of an order from Louisville,
Kv., by the Mueller Mosaic Co., of Chambers and Cedar
Streets.

• This company is making a specialty of an entirely new
application of faience enamels, and the interior of the same
office building in Louisville is to be partially walled with
some exceptionally artistic designs of this character.

These enamels are of Roman mosaic of small tesserae,
principally representing mediaeval coats of arms. They are
also produced in similar panel work of Florentine mosaic,
representing classical subjects of numerous types and per¬
iods. One of each of these panels is now on exhibition in
the windows of Thomas Trapp, jeweler, in the Common¬
wealth Building, on East State Street.

In addition to the above, the Mueller Company is pre¬
paring a new style of tiling of Arabic ornamentation, said
to be one of the finest grades of higher class of mosaics.
Tt. too, is largely for hallways, lobbies, bath rooms and
other places v/here better materials are employed.

The Mueller Co.’s Louisville order will require many
thousand feet of tiling, inasmuch as the building to be dec¬
orated is an office building of several stories and the in¬
terior is spacious. Shipments are to commence within the
next two weeks and the entire delivery to be completed be¬
fore the middle of October.

Herman Mueller, president of the Mueller Co., is one of
the pioneer tile men in the United States, fie founded the
Mosaic Tile Co. in Zanesville, ()., new one of the largest
factories in the country, and for several years he was with
the Robertson Art Tile Co. in Morrisville.

MACON NOW THE LARGEST BRICK PRO¬
DUCER IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.

There are few people in that section who realize the mag¬
nitude of Macon, Georgia’s, brick industry. The brick man¬
ufacturers of Macon supply practically all of southwest
Georgia, and even shipping their product into Atlanta by
the millions. Macon people as a rule are not aware of the
fact that there are over one hundred million of brick manu¬
factured in Macon every year.

Out of this hundred million, the Standard Brick Co.,
which has come to be recognized as the largest brick manu¬
factory in the south, makes and ships approximately seventy-
five million brick per annum.

A new feature that they have just added to their plant is
the building of six large down draft kilns, especially con¬
structed to burn paving brick. This industry was prompted
by the experiment that the city of Macon made the first
of the year in placing its orders for about a half million vitri¬
fied brick with the brick makers of Macon. It proved very
difficult for the makers to supply a satisfactory article out
of the old style up draft kilns, and the Standard Brick Co.,
with its enterprising management, readily arose to the ne¬
cessities of the occasion, and at an expense of between
$15,000 and $20,000, installed the large number of down
draft kilns. These kilns will produce solid blocks of vitri¬
fied brick. They come out. as blue as steel, of a uniform
color, and vitrified throughout.

In talking with Mr. Dunwodv, president of the Standard
Brick Co., a representative learned that they were making
extensive contracts for paving many streets for south Geor¬
gia cities, and their products going well into Florida.

The clay of the Ocmulgee river swamp has been analyzed,
and it is learned that the treatment to which it is now sub¬
jected by the Standard Brick Co.’s plant and the down draft
kilns that have just been installed, that this brick is as dur¬
able as any paving material to be obtained anywhere.

The- Standard Brick Co. is also making a specialty of face
brick, having immense sheds under which they are stored
and sorted after having been made by machinery especially
adapted to the purpose, and burned in kilns especially erected
for burning them a beautiful uniform color.

The Standard’s plants are running on full time, and they
are turning out from ten to twenty to thirty cars of brick
per day, covering the whole of south Georgia, a large part
of Alabama, and" going far into Florida with their product.

FIRE DEPARTMENT CHARGED WITH RES¬
PONSIBILITY OF THE FIRE.

W. H. Kulp, proprietor of Kulp’s brick yard in Marion
avenue, east of the City of Columbus, Ohio, declared that the
fire department made no effort to extinguish a blaze which
destroyed the engine and machine rooms in his brick yard,
and says the damage to the plant was $750° to building and
machinery. The fire department estimated the loss at $100.

Mr. Kulp further declared that there is a fire hydrant but
two squares from the building which burned, but no water
was thrown.

Chief Daniels of the fire department said Mr. Kulp’s
criticism is unjust and that he probably does not know the
conditions which existed at the fire.

“In the first place,” declared the chief, “the presence of
hydrants would have made little difference at the Kulp fire.
When the department arrived the building was a total loss
and nothing could have been done to save it whether there
was water there or not. The building had a good start and
burned fast.

“The closest hydrant to the brick yard is considerable
distance away and it would require 2000 feet of hose to have
reached the fire.”

CLHV RECORD.

SINGLE COURSE BRICK STREETS DOOMED

AT GUTHRIE.

Because of a desire, as representatives of the contracting
company expressed it, that the city of Guthrie, Okla., may
be able to retire from the embarrassing position, and to make
it possible for residents along almost two miles of city
streets to escape from contracts to pave the streets with
single course brick, the Hill Construction Co., at a special
session of the city council, waived all its contracts along
these streets, the total contracts amounting to $180,000.
There was but one condition and that is that new bids be
advertised for at once following plans and specifications for
double brick and asphalt, which were in effect at the time
the original contracts were awarded, and that the success¬
ful bidders on new paving on the streets which the Hill
company had under contract, pay the Hill company the
actual amount which the company has expended in grading
and hauling material on the streets.

Negotiations looking to this end have been in progress
for a number of days and the agreement has been reached
between City Attorney Green, Mayor Farquharson and
members of the council, and C. E. Garvin and other repre¬
sentatives of the Hill Construction Co.

Immediately after the Hill Construction Co. had waived
its contracts, the council passed resolutions ordering the
paving of First, Division, Maple, Warner and Vilas streets
with either asphalt or double course brick, as has been re¬
quested by residents along the streets named.

Previous to the waiving of the contracts the council, by
resolution, adopted plans and specifications for additional
street paving contracts, to be advertised in the near future
and which are to be paved with natural asphalt, thus elim¬
inating the possibility of oil asphalt being used in Guthrie
paving.

Messrs. Garvin, Nichols and Levy, of the Hill Construc¬
tion Co., advised the council not to experiment with oil as¬
phalt, after it became known that under the plans and speci¬
fications it might be possible for companies putting down
such paving to make bids. The city chemist stated that he
was of the opinion that there might be oil asphalts which
would be satisfactory, but in closing his remark said that
with natural asphalt there was a better opportunity of se¬
curing a first-class pavement.

Contracts for paving on those streets, which in the past
were under single course brick, are to be let under the same
plans and specifications as those adopted for the first paving
and which were advertised for last December, while con¬
tracts on other streets are to be awarded under the new
plans and specifications proposed by the city engineer and
city chemist and which were adopted last evening.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS.

The Artistic Porcelain Co., Trenton, N. J., has brought
suit against Noah W. Bach, trading as the American Porce¬
lain Works, also of Trenton, to restrain him from manu¬
facturing white porcelain door knobs.

The Grafton Pottery Co., Grafton, W. Va., is the name
of a new pottery with $50,000 capital stock. Two kilns will
be built. W. R. Williams, secretary of the Board of Trade,
can give information.

O. J. Walburn, who has been for several years with D.
E. Abbott & Co., has accepted the place as treasurer of the.
IT. R. Wyllie Pottery Co., at Huntington, W. Va.

The manufacturing potters, according to a prominent
potter of East Liverpool, O., are satisfied with the new tariff
on pottery, which is about the same as the Dingley tariff.

Michael Hilfrich has placed an order for one million brick
to be used to build another pottery at Evansville, Ind. The
plant will be at St. Joseph Ave. and West Maryland Street.

OMAHA THREATENED WITH BRICK FAMINE
AS RESULT OF COUNCIL S ACTION.

Omaha is now face to face with a brick famine.

Shortage in the brick supply has already been felt by local
contractors and John Latenser, architect for a number of
the larger business buildings now being erected, is authority
for the statement that contractors will do well if they get
through the year without having to cut down their forces,
to say nothing about stopping work altogether for a time.

The shortage in material is largely due to the legislation
of the old democratic council, which prohibited the location
of more brick yard's in Omaha and those now in the city are
utterly unable to furnish all the brick needed in Omaha this
year. Sioux City brick yards have been “milked dry” and
nearly all the brick from the natural gas belt in Kansas has
been contracted for. Freight rates prohibit buying brick
at points farther removed from Omaha.

Caldwell & Drake, the contractors for the new court
house, are in about the best shape of any of the contractors,
according to Mr. Latenser, as they have enough material to
keep going for sometime. They bought about half their
brick in Sioux City, intending to buy the rest in Omaha.
The Thompson & Starrett Co., contractors for the Brandeis
theater and office building, hoped to secure all the brick
they needed in Omaha, but, with the local yards working-
night and day, a full supply of material is away short.
Sioux City brick was bought exclusively for the large addi¬
tion being built to the academy of the Sacred Heart, while
Kansas gas belt brick was bought for the block long addi¬
tion to the St. Joseph hospital.

“Sioux City has no more brick to sell, I understand,”
said Mr. Latenser, “and the giving out of the supply of
natural gas in Kansas has practically stopped the manu¬
facture there. Local yards are utterly unable to meet the
great demand made this year by building contractors, and
with so many buildings of all kinds, from small brick flats
and store buildings to sky-scraper office buildings, we will
do well if we get through the year.

FIRE HORSES GO TO BRICKYARD FIRE WITH¬
OUT DRIVER AND ONE WAS KILLED.

Responding to an alarm of fire at 1 1 o’clock at St. Louis,
Mo., the horses of Engine Company No. 35 dashed out of
the engine house without the driver. One got so badly in¬
jured in a fast run it had to be shot by a policeman and its
companion probably will not survive the injuries it sus¬
tained.

The alarm came from the Superior Press Brick Co., on
King’s Highway. The fire was a small one and $10 will
cover the damage.

The horses, among the best trained in the department,
and known as Grandpa and Morocco, as soon as the alarm
sounded, made a quick trip to their stations. When the har¬
ness dropped upon their backs they rushed out of the house,
at Sublette avenue and Arsenal street. Driver Tom Weaver
was left. Ladderman Octavius Treeloux attempted to stop
the horses as they rushed by him. He was knocked down
and bruised.

The horses, with the driverless engine, made straight east
on Arsenal street toward the fire. Near Oak Hill Bridge
the engine collided with a Tower Grove car. Motorman F.
E. Odell jumped from the car and was not injured. No one
was hurt in the 'collision except the horses. The car was
somewhat damaged, as was also the engine. Grandpa was
the horse which was killed.

The Ohio Galvanizing & Mfg. Co., at Niles, Ohio, make
a steel pallet that is built right, the price is right, and if
you are interested you can write to them.

CLKY RECORD.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS.

W illiam R. South, of Ogden, Utah, has installed a cement
brick plant at Trenton, and is now operating same.

1 he Madelia (Minn.) Cement Tile Works will double
the capacity of its works so as to keep up with the demand.

J. R. Harrington, manager of the Edinburg (Ill.) Light',
Heat and Power Co., is building a concrete block and tile
factory on the site of the old stock yards.

1 he Plymouth Cordage Co., at Plymouth, Mass., will
require 2,400,000 brick for their new mill No. 3, and will
make sand-lime brick on the premises for same.

The Frahm Fuel & Construction Co., Davenport, Iowa,
are now turning out building brick made of concrete. The
new plant costs $8,000 and makes 20,000 brick daily.

The Eaton (O.) Cement Tile Co., has been incorporated
with $20,000 capital stock by F. B. Austed, H. M. Young,
C. M. Austed, W. E. Young and S. E. Young.

The Kentucky Unit Brick & Tile Co., Louisville, Ky.,
recently reorganized, will shortly begin the erection of a
plant to cost $100,000. New machinery has been pur¬
chased.

Paul Fuchs, 61 1 Carmen Avenue, Chicago, a specialist
for the sand-lime brick industry, has closed a contract for
a complete plant in the southwest also one for western
Canada.

The Iowa Cement Tile Co., Ft. Madison, Iowa, have a
plant at Second and Bluff Streets. The officers are T. P.
Hollowell, E. N. Jack and C. Queberg, the latter being the
manager.

The Wiebe Engineering Co., 170 Broadway, New York,
has been organized by Sigurd Wiebe and others to design
and build factories for the manufacture of high grade
silica brick, etc.

Edward E. Klooz, who has been for eleven years the
superintendent of the Brier Hill Iron & Coal Co.’s cement
plant, will be transferred to the Portage Silica Co.’s plant
at Mahoning, Ohio.

The Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Co. have let the con¬
tracts for the reconstruction of their sand-lime brick plant
which recently burned to the ground. The managers visited
many plants in all parts of the country.

The White quarry, a mile out of Amherstburg, Mich.,
has been purchased by Detroit, Mich., business men who are
planning to build a big plant for the manufacture of a
patent brick as well as soda ash plant.

The International Sand Lime Brick & Machinery Co.,
90 West Street, New York, have the contract for a com¬
plete plant to be built in the east. The division method used
by them makes a very fine sand-lime brick.

The Enameled Brick & Concrete Co., Seattle, Wash., has
commenced work at its $300,000 plant at Richmond Beach,
twelve miles north on the Great Northern Railway. R. M.
Moody is president and Henry Gay superintendent. Frank
Stehm, of Des Moines, Iowa, and the company behind him
are the makers of the machinery. The Seattle office is in
the New York Building.

The Mueller Mosaic Co., Chambers and Cedar Streets,
Trenton, N. J.. is doing a splendid business, making a spe¬
cialty of an entirely new application of faience enamels for
the exterior and interior of buildings. A large order is now
being filled for a large office building for Louisville, Ky.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

The Canton (Ohio) Sagger Clay Co., has been incor¬
porated with $5,000.

The Wellston (O.) Coal & Brick Co., has increased its
capital stock from $75,000 to $250,000.

A fire brick plant is talked of for Williamsport, Pa., to
be located up liyner Run on land owned bv ex-Mayor S. N.
Williams, of Williamsport.

The Coliseum Co., of Des Moines, Iowa, have contracted
for $40,000 worth of brick, with the Flint Brick Company,
to be used for the walls of their big structure.

The Northern Michigan Brick & Tile Co., St. Ignace,
Mich., will soon have their new plant, ready to manufacture
brick. Ed. A. Reavie, formerly of Laurium, is the manager.

The Hibbard Brick Co., Kearney, Neb., is working night
and day to keep within speaking distance for the demands
for their product. They now have orders ahead for 1,750,-
000 brick. The brick are of a very fine quality.

The Wise County Brick Co., Bridgeport, Texas, will soon
have a kiln capacity of 500,000 brick. They are now build¬
ing a kiln that requires 1,000,000 brick for its construction.
They have a fine bed of shale that is inexhaustible.

The New Jersey Clay Pot Co., Vineland, N. J., has given
out a contract for the erection of brick buildings in which
to manufacture pots and fire clays used in the glass trade.
It will be the first factory of the kind east of Pittsburgh.

The Raleigh (N. C.) Pressed Brick Co., is now making
40,000 brick daily. They have a splendid equipment and
work 35 skilled workmen throughout the season. T. T.
Hay is president, and J. W. Jennings superintendent of the
plant.

The D. H. Haeger Estate will manufacture this year 550
car loads of brick and tile at their Gilberts, Ills., plant. This
will be the most successful year in the history of the plane.
Over $15,000 has been expended in improvements to the
plant and 35 men are employed the year around.

The Brooksville (Fla.) Brick Co.’s plant, a $40,000 in¬
vestment, is ready to be operated as soon as the rainy season
lets up. The plant is up-to-date in every respect, the clay
has stood the tests and a large output has already been con¬
tracted for. R. L. Davis is interested in the property.

Consul George A. Chamberlain, of Pernambuco, Brazil,
reports that the municipal council of Recife (Pernambuco)
has prohibited the use of glazed tiles on the fronts of houses
within the city limits. The law carries no explanation, but it
is supposed that the prohibition is based on the ground that
the glare from the tiles is detrimental to the eyesight.

The plant of the Hydraulic Brick Co., of Menomonic,
Wis., is now being operated by electricity from the power
plant. Steam power is retained only for the drying ma¬
chine. The installation of a complete fire equipment is also
about completed. The company has its own mains and hy¬
drants and the supplv is obtained from its own wells.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged Suit a" Locations

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Point* of Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns Specially adapted for Utilizing- Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. H A I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

CLHYFRECORD.

The Buckeye Clay Pot Co., Toledo, Ohio, has been incor¬
porated with $100,000 capital stock by H. W. Fraser and
others.

The Girard (Kansas) Brick & Tile Co. have just turned
out their first kiln of brick. They are fine brick and better
than was expected.

The brick plant of the York Portland Cement Co., located
at Spencer, Ohio, resumed operations after being- closed
down to make repairs.

South Haven, Mich., is attempting to secure the Mulliken
(Mich.) Brick & Tile Mfg. Co., for that place. The man¬
agers say they will move if a substantial ofifer is made them.

The Praton Brick Co., Attica, Ind., is making heavy
shipments of paving brick to the Chicago City Railway Co.,
which is one of the largest users of paving brick in Chicago.

Albert Jay, who has operated the Bessemer (Ala.) Brick
plant for the past three years, has sold the plant to Frank
Holt, and same will be thoroughly overhauled and put into
first class condition.

The Gay Head Fire Brick Co., are steadily proceeding
with the work of clearing their property at Pottersville,
Mass., of the old buildings and kilns and intend to erect
thereon a $25,000 hotel.

The Moist Proof Brick Co. has been incorporated at
Norfolk, Va., with $10,000 capital stock, by E. L. Pelot,
president ; R. E. Pelot, vice-president, and Gertrude Pelot,
secretary and treasurer.

Guy H. Powell, of Warroad, Minn., is in communica¬
tion with parties from the east concerning the establishing
of a brick and tile plant at that place. All the parties seem
to want is proof of the right kind of clay in sufficient quan¬
tity and a site.

The Commercial Club of Mclntire, Iowa, are interested
in the establishing of a brick and tile plant at that place
and the prospects are good provided good material in large
quantities is found, that will be satisfactory to a large Iowa
brick and tile manufacturing company.

The Empire Brick Plant, at New Albany, Kansas, has
been bought by Mrs. L. L. Worth, of St. Louis, Mo., and
T. I .. Certain and Samuel Blinn, of New Albany as trus¬
tees. A new organization will be incorporated with $50,000
capital and the plant will be started soon as possible.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston FISKE & CO., InC., New York

The Armstrong (Iowa) Brick & Tile Co. has dissolved
by consent of its stockholders.

The employees of the Holdeman, Ky., brick plant, went
on a strike and the plant is being guarded by an armed force
of deputy sheriffs

The Shackelford Brick Co., at Des Moines, Iowa, expect
to have their $75,000 continuous kiln in operation by the
first of September.

The Ft. Smith Vitrified Brick Co., owned by Yoke &
Brown and others, have started their first kiln at their plant
at the new town of Arkoma

The Albion (Ill.) Shale Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $20,000 to manufacture paving and building brick.
The interested are L. L. Emerson, Walter Colyer and H. J.
Strawn.

The Rome (Ga.) Brick Co. has started the rebuilding of
their plant which was destroyed by fire some weeks ago;
$30,000 insurance was collected. The plant will be rebuilt
larger than ever and give employment to 150 men.

Pittsburgh capitalists, with J. M. Porter at the head,
have completed plans for a 100,000 capacity paving brick
plant at the new mill town of Weirton, Hancock Co., near
New Cumberland, W. Va. The machinery has been pur¬
chased.

The 'Alabama Fire Brick Co. stockholders- met in their
office at Riverside, Ala., and voted for the issue of $30,000
bonds to complete the plant. H. C. Alford is president.
John F. Baldwin was elected vice-president, and C. F.
Wittichen secretary. The company has a fine deposit of
fire clay.

•DIRECT HEAT

— rnn -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

CLKY RECORD.

A practical brick maker is considering De Queen, Ark.,
as a location for a brick factory.

The plant of the Hollywood Brick Co., just east of York,
Pa., has resumed operations after a shutdown of four weeks.

The Parsons, Kansas, brick factory, which has been idle
for two years, has been reopened and giving employment to
65 men.

The Standard Brick Co., Macon, Ga., has built six large
down-draft kilns especially constructed to burn paving
brick, costing $20,000.

Experts have been testing the shales near Heltonville,
lnd., and find that they will make fine brick and tile and a
plant will be established there.

The plant of the Zanesville (O.) Tile Co. was sold on
the front steps of the court house at Zanesville on the 26th
inst. The liabilities of the company are $70,000.

It is reported that J. D. Avery, of Cliffwood, N. J.. has
purchased the Stegmaver Enamel Brick Works at South
Amboy, N. J. The plant is owned by Connecticut parties.

The Hoffman Diamond Brick & Lath Co., Whitefish,
Mont., are burning their second kiln of 180,000 brick and
are having a great demand for brick from that section of
the state.

The plant of the Muscogee Brick & Terra Cotta Co., at
Columbus, Ga., was sold at public outcry by the trustees
and was bought by a representative of the bondholders
for $45,000.

The Bloomsburg (Pa.) Shale Brick Co. has been incor¬
porated to build a modern brick plant on Fifth street east
of Oak Grove. The incorporators are C. H. Reinard, John
A. Whitney and Jas. T. Goodwin.

The Penton Brick Works, owned by W. L. Ewen, of
Alloway, N. J., which has been idle for a number of years
has been leased by a Wilmington, Del., firm and will be
opened at once. Salem is the postoffice for Penton.

C. C. May, of Galveston, Texas, has contracted to move
his brick works to Penn City, a new town to be constructed
below Houston, Texas, on the ship canal. The plant must
be in operation by October 1st. Free site and clay will
be given to him.

The stockholders of the Kansas Vitrified Brick Co.,
Chanute, Kansas, recently elected the following officers :
J. C. Carpenter, president; Henry Yochey, vice-president;
C. T. Beatty, secretary, and Miss Helen Beatty, treasurer.
The plant is leased to the Hydraulic Press Brick Co.

The Barr Clay Company, Streator, Ill., have let a con¬
tract to wire and equip the complete plant with electrical
machinery. Four hundred horse power current will be
generated and used in the plant.

The plant of the Fromsburg (Mont.) Brick Co., is run¬
ning to its fullest capacity and the plant has orders booked
ahead for 1,000,000 brick and refused orders to that num¬
ber. F. H. Church is the manager of the concern.

The Rich Hill (Mo.) Brick & Tile Co., the management
of which has heretofore devoted its time to making drain
tile, is now turning out building and paving brick of fine
quality. The company has booked an order for one-half
million paving brick from an eastern concern.

The Blandon (Pa.) Clay Co. is erecting a large building
to be used for drying and preparing clay for the market.

The Post Pipe Co., Texarkana, Ark., has been obliged
to build additional kilns so as to take care of the demand
for their sewer pipe and tiling.

The Scott Manufacturing Co., 1815 Third National Bank
Building, St. Louis, Mo., have their ad. in new dress on page
three of this issue. Investigate.

The Sedalia Clay Mfg. Co., Sedalia, Mo., for a dry pan,
elevators, continuous kiln equipment, clay dryer, clay gath¬
erer, and an electrical equipment.

The Defiance (O.) Tile Co. has been organized with
$10,000 capital stock by H. G. Monen, Lillie Monen, K. C.
Thompson, G. DeVeaux and Robert Newbegin.

The City & Suburban Homes Co., Ltd., Detroit, Mich.,
has sold 30 acres of land on Michigan avenue beyond the
city limits, for an up-to-date brick plant of large proportions.

The Mutton Hollow Fire Brick Co. has purchased the
old Flood-Mundy farm of eighty acres between Wood-
bridge and Metuchen, N. J. The office is in Woodbridge.

On page 41 is illustrated a battery of dry pans as installed
in an eastern plant by the Means Foundry & Machine Co.,
of Steubenville, Ohio. They ask you to investigate the
merits of this pan.

E. M. Freese & Co., 142 South street, Gabon, Ohio, have
a new announcement to make on page 11. The company
has just sold a splendid order to go to a well known Ohio
river manufacturer.

The Standard Preservative Co., Jersey City, N. J., has
been incorporated with $200,000 capital stock to manu¬
facture tiling. The incorporators are Fred L. Whitner,
H. B. Mahn, and H. C. Roundtree.

The P. Hayden S. H. Co., Columbus, Ohio, make a line
of machinery that ought not to be overlooked. The word
Hayden means good workmanship and that is what we are
after when we buy our machines.

The Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Philadelphia, Pa., write
that they have about all the work they can handle for several
months. That they are installing many of their kilns and
dryers. Write to them if interested.

The Clay Products Co., Texarkana, Ark., are doing a
big business manufacturing jugs and earthenware of all
sorts. They also manufacture a water filter that finds a
ready sale in all parts of the country.

If you are thinking of burning brick with oil you should
at once consider the oil burner. The one we hear the most
about is the Schurs perfect oil burner. It is made at Los
Angeles, Cal., by John Schurs, who is an expert in that
line.

The Mahnken Building Material Co., of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
has been incorporated with $300,000 capital stock. The
directors are J. H. Mahnken and C. W. Mahnken, of Free¬
port. and D. W. Moore, J. E. Sparrow and A. LI. Krusa,
of Brooklyn.

Fiske & Co., New York and Boston, have a new trade¬
mark for their clay products. Same is registered in the
Gnited States patent office and must not be used by any
other manufacturer or dealer. A notice to this effect can
be found on page 34 of this issue.

FOR SALE

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

EXPERIENCED MANUFACTURER
WANTED

Thoroughly experienced brick manufacturer to
operate and manage modern 'plant at Washburn,
YVis. Best clay, unlimited market; party with some
money to invest preferred.

Address Washburn, care of Clay Record,

Chicago 111,

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Ret us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

WANTED

A two, three or four mold Dry Press, second hand
but in perfect order. Address

“Dry Press” Care of Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

M0LDERS WANTED

We have steady work for eight good brick and
tile molders. Bright foreigners given equal chance.

Chicago Retort & Fire Brick Co.,

Ottawa, Ill.

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of a
large brick works -Or the planning and building of a
large plant. Twenty years experience with all
kinds of clays and shales and all processes from mud
to dry process yards. All styles of wood, coal and
gas kilns. Understands the business thoroughly
from clay pit to office work. Also competent in
Sewer pipe and architectural Terra Cotta Manufac¬
ture. Address Brick Yard Supt.

Office 56, No. 84 vVashington St.

Chicago, Ill.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Well known and good market in the city of
Minneapolis. Plant is running at present. Will
sell equipment and yard including horses. If deal
is made quick owner can make brick this fall for
spring trade. Address

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOREMAN WANTED

Foreman wanted for a fire brick plant, one com¬
petent to take charge of hand molding and setting.
Iu reply state age, experience and salary expected
at start. Address

Foreman, Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS GAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Brick and tile plant; coal and potters’ clay mine;
all combined in active operation; new machinery,
none better ; coal and clay, unlimited quautity;
superior in quality; suitable for fire brick, enamel
brick or fine face brick, terra cotta, tile, sewer pipe,
stone ware; and all high refractory material. As to
proportion of strata used, it is 25 ft. thick rock top
and easy to mine. Clays burn white, buff, gray,
brown, and also makes a fine spreckled manganese
brick. As to proportion of clay used -best clay in
Illinois. Railroad runs direct through center of 900
acres; direct to St. Louis and Chicago. Reason for
sale, owner crippled; will sell on easy payments,
trade for good real estate, or lease to’gooa, expe¬
rienced men with capital to operate and increase
business: Address,

H. T. M..

Care of Clay Record, Chicago-

FORCED FOR SALE

Brick yard for sale within six miles of Broad Street
Station. Philadelphia, Pa., every improvement,
Peun. Ry. sidings into yard. In operation for orders
for about three million brick. Address:

A. B. Co,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago

SECOND HAND BRICK MACHINERY
FOR SALE

8 000 new fire brick; 12,000 second hand fire brick.
140 single Grates as good as new, size 3 ft. 9 in.

18 Kiln doors on frames.

60 double Grates, size 3 ft.

10 plain fire doors.

5 Brick Trucks

6 Brick Wheel Barrows.

One 40 H P. Engine.

One 40 H. P. Boiler in good condition
Several Pumps. One Bottom Dump Car. 800 ft.
Small Rail. 2 Switches. 60 ft. 8 inch Canvas Belt¬
ing. 52 ft. 6 inch Belting, used one year.

Address,

HENRY EHLERS & BRO.,
Watkins, Minn.

DRYER CARS

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

One hardening cylinder, 72 ft. long, 6 ft. diameter.
One 4- Mold Andrus brick press.

One 9-foot Scott Dry Pan.

One Cedar Rapids Sand Dryer

25 sand lime brick cars, 3 ft. by 5 ft. top.

2 transfer cars all in good condition.

MORGAN BRICK CO.

Norristown, Pa.

FOR SALE

150 Iron Flat Trucks for Cement, Tile or Brick Yard.
One 70-inch Buffalo Forge Fan.

One 189 H. P. Heine Boiler
Two Freight Elevators

The above machinery is in good condition and at a
very low price. S. KRUG WRECKING CO.,

Nebraska City, Neb.

WANTED

A young or middle aged man, of habits, strictly
good, honest and reliable, one who is experienced
iu the manufacture of clay products and also able
to handle correspondence pertaining thereto, and
the use of machinery for the manufacture thereof,
for position in sales department of reliable mach¬
inery manufacturer. In reply to this advertisement
state salary that would be expected and give several
references as to ability and character. Address.

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, I) 1.

Paper Jogger* quoted.

R A HART 4.1 Whitt. <54

Ro better made, cut iron
$8 and SlO.to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers.

D ATT1 C CDCCV MICH.

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage iu freight rates over a good market on file
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE

I have a nice little Brick and Tile Plant that sup¬
plies a local trade of 500,000 to 80U 000 Brick
and 100,000 Tile, 7 acres of fine red burning clay. New
6 room dwelling, new 40 H. P. Engine, 65 H. P. Boiler,
P'rost make Frost Dry Pan, Brewer Mill, Automatic
cutter. Hoisting drum. Steel track, everything in
first-class running condition. No debt. Sheds and
Buildings newly roofed. 2 good down draft kilns.
Stiff mud pallets for 100,000 brick, premises newly
fenced with “American Field." Good pasture and
fine for truck, right in town. $12,000 would scarcely
replace it. Will take $4,900 cash, $2,000 down, time
on rest. Would consider an exchange for small
well improved property at its low cash value. If
this looks right to you come and see it, no time to
fool away in correspondence.

C. A. ZANDER,

Rushville, Ill.

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

J. J. MILLER,

Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE CHEAP

One Bullick 100 H. P. Motor, one 9 foot Raymond
Pug Mill, one 18 H.P. Gasoline Engine. All nearly
new. Address

KIAMENSI CLAY CO.,

Newport Del.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y.

CL-HY RECORD. 37

THE B05S SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER PRESSURE

Absolute control of heat in kiln. Burns all first-class hard brick.

Applies to any style of kiln. 40% reduction in fuel cost.

JOHN C. BOSS, Monger Building, ELKHART, IND.

WRITE FOR CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

Th« only proventativ. for scum and discolora¬
tion on faoing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

*05 NPW VODIf p o.Box

Pearl Street ▼▼ I Wt\.*V 171a

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK ABO MORTAR

COLORING

"front rw-JD Rear view or- type S" Rust Clay Felder & mixer"

FEEDER Hr\3
H SPIRALS
f iH. ihl DiAMETEf?.
mounted on

ifo i n. clutch pulley
R P M 70

Catpacaty F roaa
0 Ooo To 100 000

Brick
per Day:

Don’t Let Your Profits Run Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 per- year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

W rite today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

The Marion Flue Blower. Tpaienle<’ February 23 lPOO-
will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the co-l of
steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while
in eommision. The accompanying cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time. We furnish different sizes as required,
aud positively guarantee to blow each flue clean

Please send for our latest catalog fnlty describing this
useful invention.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO., - Marion, Inndiana

CLHY RECORD.

OH 1 O

Roofing Tile Press

Cagle Repress

Model "B" Dry Press

Special Giant Brick Machine

No.r65 Auger Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill

No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

GLKY RECORD,

yjiir

ill G>Jt

ami /

bimm

OHIO, U . S . A

Sand-Lime brick Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sewer Pine Machinery

Blower Dryer Apparatus

9 Foot Dry Pan

XTCTT-N

H. P. Brick Machine

Mold Sander

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

Winding Drums

Disintegrators

Dry Cars

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the Best Clay

Wnrkino Marhinerv in the World

CLAY RECORD,

Fire Brick -Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock (of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Glav Go.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

A A A A A atii All A ^k.A^tLji9h. A A A

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. .Patented April 1 4,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Wafer St„ Norfolk, Va.

T**r *tpr mjm -^pr-^pr

WWW w

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Manufacturers Utica, N. Y.

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30$ to 60$ less 3peed, and 25$ to 50$ less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens, Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZf R CO.

•Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

K, C. Willis. 36 LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Cole? & Co.. 39 Cortland St.. New York City.

Eindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

•

044X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWERPIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGI FALLS, 0.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES— Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

E.NGINES-Automatic-16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14%x
16 Buckeye, 1414x14 Ball & Wood, 1314x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 914x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

E.NGINES-Throllling- 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary- 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Eire Box - 80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

B01LE.RS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

•

■

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURR, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pana for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running
Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.

W rite for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works

MASON CITY,
IOWA

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DBYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

Mmm+ A M. A. A It i X V fci^ *

Masssive and well proportioned.
Best material.

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mailers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market .

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.

‘ Built to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street

COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATFD APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S . , MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be

I and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

proven Success.

A well-tried and

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong
RlSld- (Patented)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

KTIL.ES, OHIO

OI-HY RECORD

Our Dry and W et Pans are
worth your investigation

We build them eight, nine and ten feet in diameter, weighing 30 to
50,000 pounds. They have great crushing and screening capacities

We also manufacture complete equipment for Sewer Pipe,
Brick, Terra Cotta Drain Tile and Fire-Proofing Works

Write for Description and Price

The Means Foundry & Machine Co.

Eastern Agents

wilsoj^ kiln & dryer co. Steubenville, Ohio

West End Trust Bldg.

Philadelphia, Pa.

Built by Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co., Capacity 100,000 Brick Per Day.

Why are we
always busy?

Patented July 8, 1902

Patented March 3, 1903. No. 721988

Because we study the brick business
and build kilns and dryers to suit the
conditions.

Our smoke-consuming furnaces, and
continuous waste heat system, kiln
floors, and test kilns have been in
every day use for several years and
have proven very satisfactory.

Our Brick Kilns are modern in every
way, and have proven successful
wherever built.

Our Radiation Heat Dryer has more
radiating surface than any other dryer
in use.

The Kilns and Dryers are very econ¬
omical in construction and operation.
We believe we have the most satis¬
factory Kiln and Dryer system to pro¬
duce results on the market.

Wilson Kiln & Dryer Co.

West End Trust Building
Philadelphia, Pa.

glky record.

Paul Fuchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making "GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand -lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

61 1 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S. A.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

MHX gv.-." nt, 3'Hjji

Type No. 2 Shovel— Pioneer Fireproofing Co., Ottawa, Ill.

; : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30, OCX) to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

CL-AY RECORD.

OFFICE AND SHOPS 18 SLOAN STREET omc- &»• *■ RY- CHICAGO

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON CLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYER

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

YARD SUPPLIES

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

OF ALL KINDS
BUILT

TRUCKS

WE BUILD DRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE “P" CRUSHER

STYLE "P” BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA., U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

THE MARTIN CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

DRYER CARS

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
THROUGHOUT

TRUCKS

GUARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY

MODEL SAND DRYER

$ •3W0HSS <dH<JO WQhH)W tdaOKi )

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

BRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699809
October 10, 1905. No. 95620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489
May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

THE HENRY

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

A HcJOKQcJOidliln O^H<jj>co fdObJ^F $

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any o’. her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £» Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Mere’s Wbat One of the Largest Cement Companies in Lhe IJniled States

Says About our “ Pittsburg” Dri| Pan:

•« Answering yours of the 19th instant ; We are pleased to state that the dry pan
which we purchased of you about a year ago has given entire satisfaction. We
consider it one of the best, if not the best, dry pan manufactured and shall, indeed,
be pleased to recommend it to prospective purchasers of such machinery.

Yours truly,

WESTERN STATES PORTLAND CEMENT CO.”

And they Racked up their statement by ordering recently THREE MORE Pans from us

UNITED IRON WORKS COMPANY

General Offices: SPRINGFIELD, MO.

SPRINGFIELD, MO.; AURORA, MO.; IOLA, KAS.; PITTSBURG, KAS.

CHERRYVALE, KAS.; KANSAS CITY, MO.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CRRS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,
^^■■■1 , BRICK PALLETS.

SWITCHES,

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry.Car.

tlas Car and Mfg. Co.

C'.EVELAIID, OHIO

<p.

a mmm\u . de

THE Di66EMiNA‘

OF ALL MATTERS
* PERTAiNirtG

,\)Cf

iV ]

t^!*

TQ THE

LAY

The Preparation of Surface Clays ,

id r

NDU'

Fuel and Power for Clay Working Plants ....

Property Owners Object to Dust from Brick Kiln ‘

Does Drainage Pay ...

Frisco System Fined for Contempt by Corporation Commission
Pull 1 ext of Agreement by Which Potters Insure Peace
The Making of a Mechanic .

W. P. Blair, Expert on Road Construction, Tells Some Interesting
Facts About Brick Roads .... . . _ 6

Plasticity of Clays . ’ . .

Trenton Advances Ceramic Interest to Extent Never Before Approach¬
ed in United States . ,

Illinois Leads in the Common Brick Branch of Industry Says Statistics
New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer

Pacific Coast News Items .

Killed in Daughter's Sight . ’

Fire Lesson for New York ...

The Largest Brick Plant in the World .

Obituary .

Portland Cement Production Increasing While Natural Cement De¬
creases .

Accidents, Damages and Losses .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! . * . ....

Difference in Directorate Responsible for Dissolution of Company !
Potters Sign for Two Years Peace

Sued for $5000 for the Mangling of a Hand by the Explosion of a
Stolen Dynamite Cap ...

A Tennesee Contractor Will Revolutionize Brick Making ’

Every Trenton General Ware Pottery Working to the Limit .
Judgment not Given; Defense is .Sufficient . . .

The Zanesville Tile Plant Bought bv the Mosaic Tile Co
Workhouse Brick to be Sold in Local Market
Output of the Yards along the Hudson River

New Big Tile Plant for Zanesville .

Houston's New Brick Plant Now in Operation
Mr. Gregory Gives Fountains to City ....

Sand or Lime Brick or Block News ...

Briufield Brick Makers Protest for Loss of W;,te • , nver
Miscellaneous Items .

15**'

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 years.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

188888888888888888888888888888

Scott Manufacturing Co.

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

LOUIS - - MISSOURI

CL-HY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Si x= Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four-Mold Sizes

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CMISHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

IflHH

GLHY RECORD.

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO

1300 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

CL-HY RECORD.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery

Company

Sizes

29"

56"

42"

50"

A GOOD MIXER. IS ALWAY. APPRECIATED

TRe Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company,

Boyle Avc. and Old Manchester Road, St. Louis, Mo.

BHBBBK

Fitted

with

Adjustable

Pins

If you want
to make a
FACE BRICK
you need it.

Makes Your
Brick
Uniform

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER

CLRV RECORD

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST. LOUIS, MO,

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

C. M. FREESE £> COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION - - - OHIO

CLMY RECORD,

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. Sc A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Stool.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

CLHY RECORD.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Potts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RIN6 OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

HARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTABLY
SECURED

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OIUNG BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘Built to "Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHY RECORD.

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, III.

CLAY RECORD,

CLAY CRUSHERS

Brewer Crushers are built in* a great variety of kinds and sizes. There
are Conical Roll Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers,
Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in
two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer crusher Rolls with removable white=iron

shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications If ^Iflrkgd

h. Brewer £* Co. <!

Good

MICHIGAN

TECUMSEH

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witH Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky."

THE STRONGEST. BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THEfGUILDER CAR

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Vol. XXXV. No. 5.

CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 15, 1909

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 p«r Year
Single Copies, - lO Cent*

THE PREPARATION OF SURFACE CLAYS. *

By Permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey.

A. V. Bleininger, Pittsburg, Pa.

Gentlemen ctf the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers’ Asso¬
ciation :

In order to obtain a clear understanding of the beha¬
vior of our common clays we must take the pains to de¬
termine what they are made of, for it is obvious that we
are not dealing with a simple homogeneous substance,
but with one extremely complex in its structure.

We can obtain a pretty clear idea of the mineral struc¬
ture of clay by making up some of it with water into a
thin slip and pouring the latter through a set of sieves,
starting with the coarser and finishing with the finest
ones. Each sieve is then washed with water so that only
a certain size of grain is retained. If we desire it we could
weigh the amount of clay taken in the beginning as well
as the residues left on, for instance, the 10, 20, 40, 60, 80,
100, 120, 150 and 200 mesh sieves. In this manner a pret-
ty good idea could be obtained of the size of grains mak¬
ing up the material.

As to the separate constituents making up the clay,
probably the first thing we observe on the coarser sieves
would be hard, colorless grains which we can at once
identify as quartz, known to all of us as pure white sand.

The mineral quartz is one of the constituents inva¬
riably present, and it plays an important part in the make¬
up of our clays. It occurs in all sizes from the coarsest
to the very finest grains. This mineral naturally posses¬
ses no plasticity whatever. Its presence, therefore, in the
clay tends to reduce the plastic quality of the latter, and
hence it decreases the shrinkage of the clay in drying.
When heated, quartz will be found to resist very high
temperatures, which are far above the heat employed in
the burning of our red-burning surface clays. At the
same time, however, quartz possesses the peculiar prop¬
erty of expanding on being heated. Inversely, when hot
quartz is cooled it has a tendency to shrink again I his
change in volume must not be confused with the changes
occurring in heating and cooling any body. These val-
ume changes are far greater than those due to expansion
and contraction. Chemists tell us that quartz when being
heated to a certain temperature changes its entire^char-
acter and becomes a new mineral called “tridymite. vy e
have frequently the opportunity of observing this in¬
crease in volume when we endeavor to burn clays very

♦Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association.

high in quartz in our kilns. We find thus that bricks
made from such materials appear to show no shrinkage,
but in fact increase in volume. From this we observe,
therefore, that the quartz when heated in a clay not only
decreases the. drying shrinkage of the latter, but tends to
decrease the burning shrinkage as well. It is evident that
in pugging a clay very high in sand much less water will
be required than in working a more plastic clay. Like¬
wise, a sandier clay may be dried much more rapidly than
one not so high in sand. As regards the porosity of the
clay mixed with sand and burnt to a good hardness, we
observe that this also is greater than that of the clay con¬
taining no sand burned to the same temperature.

It is easy to see, therefore, that if we have too much
sand in our clay we experience trouble in drying, owing
to the weakness of the mixture, the clay not being suf¬
ficient in amount to withstand the tensile strain caused
by drying and in consequence the product cracks and
checks. Furthermore, in burning very sandy clays, since
they do not shrink but expand, they result in a weak,
punky structure which becomes evident to the eye by the
fine hair-cracks appearing on the surface, and by the lack
of ring. The question of the fineness of the sand is a very
important one. We find that very fine sand behaves al¬
together different from coarse sand. To illustrate: If
we add a small amount of coarser sand, for instance, a
grade passing 10-mesh sieve, to a fine grained, red-burn¬
ing clay, we shall find that the material stands up better
in the kiln than the clay alone. It does not soften so
easily in the heat, and therefore the loss due to kiln mark-
ing and deformation is reduced. However on adding to
the same clay a small amount of very fine sand the clay
will not stand up as well in the kiln as it would without
the addition of sand. This difference is due to the fact
that fine sand enters into chemical reaction with the clay,
while the coarser one does not. Again, a certain amount,
say 15 per cent., of fine sand added to a clay requires
more water in pugging than 15 per cent, of coarser sand.
Furthermore, the addition of fine sand to a clay does not
shorten the time of drying as much as the coarser Fine
sand also causes a greater tendency to check and crack
in the kiln than the coarser. For best results as regards
drying, shrinking and burning, as well as final strength,
the sand should not consist of one size of material, but
should be made up of coarser as well as of finer grains.
The coarser grains should predominate, so that, roughly
speaking, we should have about 3 parts of the coarser

LrL.AY

OKD.

grain to one part of the finer, although this is subject to
fluctuations according to the sizes of grain involved.
Speaking more exactly, the volume of the finer sand
grains should be equal to the volume of the pore space in
the coarser sand.

This 'we can illustrate by filling a quart pail full of the
coarser sand and striking off the excess by means of a
straight edge. If we now pour water onto the sand from
a measuring vessel, until the pail appears to be full, we
shall learn just what the volume of the pore space is. For
instance, if our pail holds 60 cubic inches of coarse sand
and we succeed in pouring in 20 cubic inches of water, it
is quite clear that the pore space is about 20 cubic inches.
The sand mixtures, therefore, should consist of about 75
per cent, of coarse sand and 25 per cent of fine sand. A
mixture of this kind if added to the clay in reasonable
amounts depending upon the original richness of the clay,
say 15 per cent., would thus decrease the drying shrink¬
age, reduce the time of drying, and any tendency to check
and crack, would cause the brick to stand up better in the
fire and would result in a denser and stronger brick. It
would also cause the clay to burn to a cleaner color, pro¬
vided the sand itself is free from impurities and there
would be less tendency for the brick to white wash.
Where the bricks are made by the stiff-mud process the
time of burning would be considerably shortened, and
bloating would be practically eliminated. If the sand
used is too coarse, however, the bricks will invariably
check and crack in the kiln, to say nothing of the rough
appearance of the product. Many clays naturally contain
enough of this sand properly proportioned to perform the
functions already indicated. The question of improving
heavy, plastic clays which dry difficultly by the addition
of sand is an important matter, and more attention should
be given to this matter. Because a sand bank happens to
be close by is not a sufficient reason why this material
should be employed. Many of the sands are so full of
impurities, or are either so fine or coarse that they are un¬
fit for the purpose for which they are intended. It would
pay many brickmakers to clean their sand, rejecting that
portion which is too coarse, as well as the excess of the
fine matter.

In resuming our study of the sediments found on the
sieves we observe among the fine grains of sand mineral
particles which, on close inspection, appear to possess a
kind of pearly lustre, which are not translucent like the
quartz grains, and which also are considerably softer,
being scratched by a knife blade very easily. On placing
some of these grains before a gas blast lamp they will be
found to melt to a glassy bead. This mineral is feldspar
and it differs completely from quartz in that it is not re¬
fractory. It is what is called a “flux,” that is, it helps vit¬
rify the clay and it does so very gradually. Although
feldspar does not melt at the temperature at which brick
clays are burnt, it nevertheless behaves as a flux, and its
fusion action begins at a comparatively low temperature.
While the melting point of feldspar is about cone No. 8.
its fluxing action begins as low as cone 05. Feldspar,
therefore, is a useful constituent of our brick clays, and
it practically never occurs in excess. The greater the
amount of feldspar in a clay of this kind, the better the
latter is suited for the production of hard-burnt ware.
However, the feldspar in order to accomplish its function
most thoroughly must be fine grained. In most sedimen¬
tary clays, it appears in this condition.

Feldspar itself possesses no plasticity and hence be¬
haves similarly to quartz in reducing drying shrinkage.

If it were possible to add fine grained feldspar to a clay
and mix it thoroughly with the latter, we would find that
the vitrification would be accelerated in a very gradual

manner. This we could illustrate by adding to a clay
various amounts of fine grained feldspar ; for instance,
amounts corresponding to 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 per cent.’
1 hese mixtures we would pug and blend thoroughly, and
on burning them to the best kiln temperature we would
find that the porosities of the burnt bricks, as determined
by the absorption of water would decrease with the
amount of feldspar added. This decrease in porosity, or,
in other words, the increase in vitrification, would diop
gradually for every interval of 2 per cent, and thus illus¬
trates the characteristic action of feldspar.

Further examination of the deposits on our sieves will
reveal some mineral matter present in the form of thin
flakes, which float readily in water and we have no dif¬
ficulty in recognizing them as mica ; this material is well
known to us by its uses on stoves and for similar pur¬
poses. Its main characteristic points are its cleavage and
softness. As we know, a sheet of mica may be subdi¬
vided almost indefinitely into thin layers. This mineral
is hardly ever lacking in clay. It is non-plastic and being
usually of very fine grain, it contributes practically noth¬
ing towards improvement in drying. It is found to fuse
at a temperature somewhat above that of feldspar, and
while the latter burns to a pure white glass, mica pro¬
duces a greenish or even almost black fusion. From this
we learn that mica is a flux similar to feldspar, although
considerably weaker in its action. Since its amount in
clay is usually fairly small, it is not of great importance.
1 here are, however, clay deposits very high in mica in
which its effect is very prominent. Such clays, however,
are not found in Wisconsin as far as the writer knows.

Again giving our attention to the residues found on
the sieves we observe still another variety of minerals
which we recognize most easily by its behavior toward
acids. On adding a drop of acid, like muriatic acid, to a
grain of this material it will be found to effervesce quite
vigorously. It is evident, therefore, that this mineral is
carbonate of lime, the effervescence being caused by the
escape of the carbonic acid from this compound. In the
Wisconsin clays we detect the presence of this substance
very frequently, and we find that its size of grain varies
from coarse pebbles down to the very finest particles of
microscopic size.

Carbonate of lime when heated will lose its carbonic
acid at a good red heat and we have left caustic lime, or
quick lime. On adding water to the lime we observe
heating and a violent combination of the water with this
base, while at the same time, the resulting product, slaked
lime, appears to have increased in volume.

In discussing the function of lime in clay we must clear¬
ly distinguish between fine and coarse lime. By fine lime
we mean that kind which passes 120-mesh sieve. Lime
in this finely divided state behaves as a flux. However,
its action is entirely unlike that of the feldspar, inasmuch
as it accelerates vitrification, not at a slow rate, but very
rapidly.

1 he fluxing power of lime which becomes active so
very suddenly is therefore a source of considerable
trouble to the manufacturer. The difficulty is due to the
fact that vitrification and fusion are so close together that
the minute the clay begins to vitrify any small rise in
temperature will bring about a softening of the clay, or
even fusion. Since it is difficult for us to maintain uni¬
form temperatures throughout the kiln, and since inva¬
riably some parts of it are hotter or cooler, it is readily
seen that the burning of vitrified bricks from lime-carry¬
ing clays is a matter of extreme difficulty. The safest
policy, therefore, is to.burn the bricks just high enough
so that they may obtain a reasonable degree of strength
without attempting to bring about vitrification. For this

reason calcareous clays invariably are burned into porous
bricks, owing to the fact that it is impossible to burn
dense material. At the same time the clay becomes more
porous than red-burning clays, due to the escape of the
carbonic acid from the clay in the burning. It is readily
seen that the finer the carbonate of lime contained in the

clay is, the more intense will be the above fusing action.

On the other hand, if the limestone occurs in the form
of pebbles or larger particles, the fusing action is not so
marked. But another difficulty arises. While the fine¬
grained lime unites chemically with the clay producing a
lime silicate, the coarser particles are unable to do so.
They will remain simply as granules of caustic lime
which are combined with the clay only on the surface. If,
now, the bricks are stored away or used in a building,
after some time water will penetrate into them. As soon
as it has passed through the clay surrounding the lime
grains and has come in contact with the latter, it is ob¬
vious that they will become slaked. As soon as this has
taken place the volume of the lime particles will increase,
that is, they will swell with such a force that the brick
may be disintegrated. If this happens near the surface,
spalling will naturally take place. From this it appears
that the trouble caused by coarse lime is very serious in¬
deed, and that it is therefore preferable either to remove
the coarser grains of limestone by screening or some
other method of elimination, or to reduce all of it to such
a fineness that it will do no harm. In other words, the
cost of preparation becomes more expensive, and the best
way out of the difficulty would probably be to adopt a
combination treatment which will eliminate as many of
the lime pebbles as possible, and to follow this up by
grinding as fine as it can be done commercially.

5 It is an interesting fact of which use is made in Europe
that when bricks containing grains of lime are immersed
in water, as soon as they leave the kiln the disturbing
effect of the slaking is far less evident. In many Euro¬
pean plants arrangements are provided for lowering the
barrows of bricks coming from the kiln in pits filled with
water and for this purpose a double platform elevator is

used. . r , ..

The condition under which the bursting out of the lime
specks will take place is bound to vary according to how
thoroughly the particles are protected by the surround¬
ing clay, and whether this clay is dense or porous. In
some cases it may take quite a while for the water to pen¬
etrate through, to the grains of lime. In others the slak¬
ing may take place very rapidly. Hard burning may de¬
lay the slaking of the coarse grains, but unless the brick
is burnt so dense that no water can pass through it, this
action is bound to take place in time. _

Still another peculiar defect may be observed in some
limey clays in which the content of carbonate is quite
high, going as high as 30 per cent, and above. In this
case the manifestations are a crumbling and dusting of
the brick as a whole. This action usually takes place
quite rapidly after the bricks have left the kiln, or even
in the kiln, and it is due to the formation of a peculiar
chemical compound, a lime slag, which on cooling changes
to another chemical compound, this change being accom¬
plished by a large increase in volume. This force is great
enough to cause the particles to disintegrate to a fine
powder. The manufacturers of Portland cement observe
a similar phenomenon wherever they produce a cement
somewhat low in lime. In this case the trouble is cal e

“dustin

&•

Continued in next issue.

The Gohn Brick Works on Locust St., Columbia, Pa.,
is working overtime to catch up with the great numbei
of orders on hand.

FUEL AND POWER FOR CLAYWORKING

PLANTS.*

By Lemon Parker, St. Louis, Mo.

The study and development of special appliances and
methods of saving costs is very necessary to a manager
or superintendent, and the most enterprising brickmakers
are constantly seeking for information in this direction.

To begin the discussion, the digging of clay has ad¬
vanced from the hand pick and shovel to the steam shovel
and other labor-saving appliances : from the transfer by
mule cart and barrow to electric and steam haulage, and
from older methods of manipulation of clays to the ma¬
chinery of today, making the raw product into its final
form with little hand labor. From this point less general
progress has been made.

Extravagant burning methods of old-style kilns, with
their wasteful fuel consumption, are still largely em¬
ployed, and the old slide-valve engine is still a favorite
means of developing power.

As to the economical use of fuel in kilns, I am distinct¬
ly in favor of the development of the continuous kiln, not
necessarily but preferably, along the line of producer gas,
and having experimented along that line, I know that
the field has much promise.

Some of the continuous kiln plans followed permit of
the burning of fuel right in the body of the kiln, with its
very objectionable marking and discoloration from con¬
tact with ash and cinder. Another plan leads producer
gas over a long distance, permitting loss from cooling,
endless trouble in starting and liability of sooting up of
kilns and gas ducts.

The third and most promising method is that in which
the producer gas is made and used right at the kiln, less¬
ening the liability of trouble from sooting and utilizing
more of the initial heat developed in the manufacture of
the gas. The objections found are those common to gas
producer plants, such as careless firing, too thin beds of
coal causing overheating of the generator, or on closing
down heat radiation from the body of kiln melting hop¬
pers and bells. Conditions easily remedied and another
possible fault an excessive and long continued period of
oxidation. I believe this or other methods of fuel saving
in kilns will develop into a practical process in the near

future.

In any of the foregoing continuous methods of kiln
burning the saving is not in the form of the firebox or in
the application of heat through burning of fuel gas, but
entirely due to use of heat usually allowed to pass out of
the stack.

There is another method of heat saving which can be

applied to ordinary kilns, that of extracting the heat of a
cooling kiln by fans and forcing it through drying tun¬
nels, which seems to find favor amongst some of us, but
is this as promising a field as the continuous arrange¬
ment, which extracts the heat from the products of com¬
bustion to heat up a kiln just starting and at the same
time takes the highly heated air from a cooling kiln to
furnish the air of combustion ?

In one instance the highly heated products of combus¬
tion are allowed to escape. In the other case a large per
cent, of both heat from products of combustion and cool¬
ing are extracted and used.

I admit the first of the above propositions seems to
have a wider use today as the problem is simpler, but the
continuous proposition appeals strongly to me from its
greater economy. I know the heating of drying tunnels
from waste heat of some kind is desirable. I may sav nec¬
essary, but why can’t we look to the engine, with its ex¬
haust direct to atmosphere, for this0

*A paper read before the Twenty-Third Annual Convention of the National
Brick Manufacturers’ Association, Rochester, N. Y., l eb. 1 6. 1.09-

CLAY RECORD.

In my experience, 200 horse-power of exhaust steam
used during working hours will heat 90,000 square feet,
or over 2,000,000 cubic feet, and 200 horse-power of live
steam at night is more than sufficient in zero weather.

As the exhaust steam used during the ten working
hours is naturally charged to power, the extra coal neces¬
sary at night is only chargeable to the heating cost, or
one-half the expense usual wherever live steam or meth¬
ods other than from waste heat are employed.

With properly designed continuous kilns using either
coal or gas fired furnaces directly in contact with kilns,
and kilns so placed that the leads of flues from one kiln to
another is by the very shortest and least tortuous route,
and of ample capacity, a saving of from 40 to 50 per cent,
in fuel should result. Repeating a statement made before,
the natural tendency will be toward an oxidizing rather
than a reducing condition, possibly not desirable for some
kinds of clay ware, and, indeed, herein is one of the weak
points of the continuous system. Should the air of com¬
bustion not be hot, as it is usually toward the end of a
burn, very high temperatures are sometimes hard to
maintain. As to the quality of fuel, speaking from expe¬
rience with ordinary and good grades of soft coal, a me¬
dium grade should answer. I do not favor under any cir¬
cumstances the use of coal with much dirt or inert mat¬
ter, as the same adds to its weight and has to be removed
in clinkering, wasting by carelessness a large per cent, of
good fuel, as witnessed by the presence of a great and un¬
knowable quantity of unburnt coal in our ash heaps.

There are a number of factories both in Europe and
America which have tried out various systems of kilns,
tending toward economy in fuel, and the data obtainable
on this subject should be fairly reliable and complete.

I have also heard of economizers built in stacks for the
purpose of extracting heat as the gas of combustion leaves
the boiler furnace. This might be worthy of considera¬
tion as one of the factors tending toward economy. Out-*
side of the above, a somewhat Utopian scheme which
hardly appeals to a practical man consists in the sug¬
gestion to utilize some of the heat lost in the walls of a
kiln through water tubes built therein to generate steam,
but it seems to me that a project of this kind, if at all
practical, calls for enlarged fireboxes and more fuel to
generate extra heat units necessitated by the rapid ab¬
sorption of heat in the kiln walls necessary to generate
the steam.

Discussing the same problem from the power side of
the question under three heads : First, a plant equipped
with steam exhausting into the atmosphere and old-fash¬
ioned kilns, up or down draft.

Plan A. The simple and economical plan here would
be to place a system of exhaust steam pipes throughout
the plant, or in drying tunnels as called for by existing
conditions, utilizing the exhaust steam in the day and
live steam at night, or, better still, if construction of kilns
will permit, utilize the hot air from cooling kilns passed
through a box containing steam coils and then to build¬
ings or tunnels as desired. During the day the hot air
from cooling kilns, meeting the heated steam coils from
exhaust of engine, would furnish a large quantity of heat
ordinarily allowed to go to waste, and at night only the
heated air from kilns plus steam used for fan and electric
lights, if any. Objections lie in the use of live steam at
night in the one instance, and in the other to the use of
power to run the hot air fan day and night, but this is not
a serious hindrance, as the power used would not make
cost appreciable against the area heated.

The above methods are in use successfully in several
places. Of course the heat lost through the kiln stacks
by the passage of the unused hot products of combustion
must be very large.

Plan B. Combining the above exhaust and live steam
heating with continuous kilns should result in a saving of
from 30 to 50 per cent, of fuel used in kilns and permit of
heating entire plant where power enough is used, free of
all costs, for ten hours in the day, and live steam for four¬
teen hours at night, or about 40 per cent, saving on the
plant heating item, resulting in a saving of 40 per cent, of
entire fuel bill for kiln firing and heating. Overcoming
this waste of live steam while power is not used, is the
problem to be considered, and remains a problem still un¬
less the steam power were used day and night. To this
point, therefore, neither proposition A or B is satisfac¬
tory ; they are only steps in the right direction, the great
difficulty being that we have to use heat when it is not
possible to get it as a waste from power or other source,
except as in case A, which has its drawbacks of loss of
products of combustion to stacks.

Plan C. Were the various schemes of fuel gas power
satisfactorily carried out on a soft coal basis, we might
find a means of some further economy, as it is claimed a
large saving results in using explosion engines over that
used in converting heat into power through steam.
Steam, of course, is an ideal way to furnish both power
and heat, but it is too costly if the more direct method of
obtaining power from fuel gas were available on a prac¬
tical basis, and with it a good way of using the waste
heat generated by the explosions.

The whole problem lies in the proper use of two by¬
products called hot products of combustion and the stored
heat, usually allowed to go to waste through our boiler
stacks and out of cooling kilns.

My experience on a plant only partially equipped with
fuel-saving devices, shows, taking an average for ten
years, with drying rooms containing 90,000 square feet,
or 2,000,000 cubic feet of cubic area, and 57,000 cubic feet
of kiln area and 200 horse-power in power required about
one-half of a ton of coal per ton of burnt product. Of
course red brick yards might make a much better show¬
ing, because they do not need the high burning tempera¬
tures required for firebrick, and the power used for man¬
ufacturing purposes is very much less.

PROPERTY OWNERS OBJECT TO DUST
FROM BRICK KILN.

Property owners in the southeastern section of the city
of Pasadena, Cali., have entered such vigorous protest
against the brickyard of the Simons brothers that the
city council will soon take up the matter of providing
an ordinance which shall restrict this industry to sections
outside of the residence district. The Simons brothers’
brick yard is almost surrounded by new residences of
the better sort and the dwellers in that neighborhood
protest they are unable to open their windows when the
yard is in operation because of the dust which comes
from it and sifts into their carpets and furniture.

The owners of the brick yard protest that they were
there first and the presence of the yard in the neighbor¬
hood does not constitute the nuisance the protestants
say it does. They are understood to be willing to sell
out at a fair price, but the figures which have been quoted
them from time to time do not come up to their estimate
of the worth of their buildings and holdings. If an ordi¬
nance is passed which will prohibit their working the
yard the case will undoubtedly be taken into the courts in
order to decide just what constitutes a nuisance. Both
sides are said to be determined to thrash the question out
thoroughly and will spare neither money nor legal tal¬
ent to secure the best light on the question.

CL-HY RECORD.

DOES DRAINAGE PAY?

Nearly every farmer has dug an open drain at some
time to carry off surplus water. If he has dug through
hard ground and sloped the sides of his ditches at an an¬
gle of one in three the ditch has usually remained in
service from five to fifteen years, usually not longer. If
he has dug through mucky land or has made his ditch
banks nearly vertical usually the first winter’s frost has
caved in the ditch and given him days of back breaking
labor the next spring in order to clean out the drain.

Such ditches have their value in providing temporary
drainage while the first surplus of water is being removed
and until the ground has settled and hardened sufficiently
to allow of more permanent forms of drainage, such as
tiling. They cut up the land into small areas, are a nui¬
sance both in ploughing and cultivation and constitute
only a makeshift method of drainage, adequate only for
temporary use in the removal of excess surface water.
Of course, in large drainage districts the main canals
must be open ditches ; but the farm drains should be lines
of tile into the open canals along the boundaries of the
farm.

For local surface drainage the U-shaped ditch cut by a
slip scraper or a road machine is much better than the
other forms of open ditch. By ploughing a few furrows,
scraping out the surplus dirt and then ploughing and
scraping out the hard subsoil a broad permanent hollow
can be formed.

It frequently pays to scrape the surface soil back into
the ditch and to seed down. Then soil erosion is pre¬
vented, mowing machines and rakes and all larger farm
machinery can work across the ditch and the continuity
of the fields is not broken. The ditch in most instances
should not be ploughed for cultivated crops. The culti¬
vator can ride through, however, from the corn row on
one side to the same row on the other. This cannot be
done with the steepsided open ditch.

Each farm, in fact, each field, constitutes a definite
drainage problem. The character of the soil and subsoil,
whether loam, silt loam or clay, stone free or stony, sub¬
ject to seepage from above or level and clogged with stag¬
nant water, constitutes one important factor to determine
the location of drains, the depth at which they must be
laid, the frequency of the drain, the size of the tile and
the slope of the drainage line.

The “lay of the land” is also, of course, a controlling
factor. A heavy clay soil lying on a slope requires a
much greater frequency of drains, though not necessarily
a larger diameter of tile, than would a loose loam lying
on the same slope. Other things being equal, the heavier
the soil the nearer together must the tile lines be laid.

The depth of the drain also varies with the character of
the soil and the kind of crops to be raised. Less than two
feet and a half is too shallow. Frost action, the roots of
crops and trees and the burrowing of moles are all likely
to cave in and obstruct shallow tile systems. Moreover,
the shallow lines drain back only a short distance on each
side of the line, while deeper laid lines drain a far wider
“land,” and are therefore cheaper in the end.

Similarly the size of the tile to be used varies. Few
drainage engineers will install tile of less than three
inches in diameter, and the best size for land which great¬
ly needs drainage is probably four inches .for the laterals,
six inches for the main ditches and larger sizes for the
principal outlets. Each drainage plan must be carefully
figured for these points. It is well to hold in mind, also,
that tile drain will never completely carry off surface
water from a sudden heavy shower. There must be some
surface provision for this “run-off” water, while the tiles
perform their proper function of removing included soil

water, thus lowering the level of standing water, and
making provision for soil moisture circulation and the
proper airing of the soil.

“What will tile drainage cost?” That depends on the
individual field. A single line of the tile laid through a
fairly well drained field to drain low spots or to relieve
stagnation over a loamy soil, too level for perfect inside
drainage, may cost only $4 to $10 an acre, and will last
almost indefinitely. A complete tile drainage system for
heavy clay soils, swamp lands, muck areas or seepage
waters from higher lying land might cost as high as $40>
to $50 an acre. Practically all farm drainage necessities
lie between these extremes, and the majority of drained
farms have been tiled at a cost of $12 to $20 an acre.

“Does it pay to drain?” In the vast majority of cases
the answer is unqualifiedly yes, but the drainage system
must be well planned, well constructed and an adequate
first cost must be incurred. It does not pay to “save
money” with cheap work, infrequent ditches, shallow
depth and unprotected outlets. Well built systems are
permanent. No one knows how long the best ones will
last. Some have lasted sixty years and are apparently
as good as new. Burned clay laid below the frost line is
practically indestructible, and well made ditches, with
good alignsient, insure permanency.

As to cash returns, it would be well to calculate that an
increase in crop or an increase in available land area must
be made sufficient to pay the annual interest charge or*
the first cost of the system. Of course, some farsighted
farmers would also be willing to consider a saving in
labor annually forever as something of a return on the in¬
vestment. Many of us, however, would want money in
hand as an equivalent for money spent. The increased
selling value of the land drained will usually account for
the initial cost. Stated differently, the cost of tile drain¬
ing is part of the cost of the land. It would scarcely pay,
indeed, to pay $40 to $100 an acre for the title to the land
— merely the right to use, sell or bequeath it — and then
to refrain from putting the purchased land in such condi¬
tion that it could be used, sold or bequeathed forever to
the best advantage. Viewed in this light, drainage, fences
and farm buildings are all in the same class. Land is of
little value without them, and the man who cannot af¬
ford them cannot afford the land.

An increase, due to drainage, of one bushel of corn an
acre at 50 cents a bushel would pay 5 per cent, interest
on $10 invested in tiled ditches, or about twenty rods of
ditch, on that particular acre. An increase of one bushel
of wheat would pay 8 per cent, or more. An increase of
one hundred weight of hay or one bushel of oats or pota¬
toes or the proper fruiting of one side of one apple tree
would constitute a paying investment.

Look out at your fields next April and ask them,
“Would drainage pay this year?” Then pay heed to the
answer.

FRISCO SYSTEM FINED FOR CONTEMPT BY
CORPORATION COMMISSION

In the case of the Bartlesville, (Okla.) Vitrified Brick
Company vs. the Frisco Railway, in which the railroad
was found guilty of a rate excessive .7 of one per cent,
the railroad refused to refund the excess charges when
their attention was called to the matter by the corpora¬
tion commission. Complaint was then filed. I he rail¬
road then admitted the overcharge but laid the violation
to “inadvertence or a mistake of its agents.” Rather late
in the day for such a plea, considering that we called
your attention to the violation before complaint was filed,
said the commission, and assessed a fine of $100 and
costs.

FULL TEXT OF AGREEMENTS BY WHICH
POTTERS INSURE PEACE.

Agreements adopted by the conference committees of
the National Brotherhood of Potters and United States
Potters’ Association, binding operatives and operators
of the potting trade for two years, follow:

1. That in case of a vacancy in any clay branch of
the general ware trade when it is found impossible to
secure a competent journeyman of the particular branch
in which the vacancy exists, it shall be permissible for
any journeyman in any other clay branch of the general
ware trade to accept such position.

2. That no one but a journeyman clay worker shall
be permitted to accept a sticking-up bench.

3. That the ratio in the pressing and casting trades
be fixed at eight journeymen to one apprentice.

As a substitute for the propositions 1, 2 and 3 it was
recommended that the clay shops be considered as one
trade, and that one apprentice system be established to
cover the same, instead of having an apprentice system
in each and every department, as at present, this proposi¬
tion to be submitted to a vote of the trade, and if ac¬
cepted, the ratio of apprentices to journeymen to be
agreed to later by the Labor Committee of the United
States Potters’ Association and the Brotherhood.

The resolution providing for the dipping of sacks by
the firm was agreed to where oil of creosote is used.

That when an apprentice is put on to learn kiln work,
he shall serve 18 months on glost and 18 months on
bisque, or vice versa, when it can be done without ne¬
cessity of discharging a journeyman on the opposite
crew.

The proposition providing for a day wage basis for
placing a kiln entirely with green saggers, where ware is
placed in such saggers, was left to the men and the firm
to determine the price.

All scraps and broken ware to be returned to the slip-
house at the firm’s expense.

That all new kilns, or any kiln having a new crown or
bottom, shall be measured after the third firing.

That all ware boards in the dipping department be
washed after each time used was considered a local con¬
dition to be taken up as a shop matter.

The apprentice dipper in the third or last year of his
apprenticeship shall be given hollow ware dipping, pro¬
vided he has not had an opportunity to dip this class of
work during the first two years of his apprenticeship.

That when kilndrawers are required to draw kiln at
night or on Sunday they shall be paid time and a half
for such work, provided that such condition is not caused
by the refusal of the kilnmen to go into the kiln at or be¬
fore noon time. Five a. m. to eight p. m. to be considered
as day time.

That the seven hour clause shall not apply when two
kilns are to be drawn by one crew on the same day at
the same pottery.

That the heat limit for drawing kilns shall be 130 de¬
grees Fahrenheit, the test to be taken on the second ring
two feet from the crown of the kiln ; kilns showing a
greater heat than this may be drawn at the option of
the kilndrawers.

The proposition on china handling and extra pay to
turners for loss from cracks in china jiggered work were
referred to a special committee of china manufacturers
and operatives.

That the piece work price of blocking, and casing be
abolished and $4.00 per day shall be paid for this class of
work, the journeyman mould-maker to receive 10 per
cent, less than list price for making moulds and each
mouldmaker shall draw his pay from the office ; buckets,

coddles and soap shall be furnished by the firm without
extra cost to the mouldmakers ; this proposition does not
apply to shops engaged in the exclusive manufacture of
china.

That the proportion of apprentices to journeymen
mouldmakers in the entire generalware trade shall not
exceed one to four ; that no shop shall be entitled to more
than 50 per cent, of its full force of mouldmakers in ap¬
prentices; that no shop shall be entitled to a second ap¬
prentice until it employs at least four journeymen, nor a
third apprentice until it employs at least seven journey¬
men ; the term of apprenticeship shall be five years ; the
apprentice shall receive his wages directly from the office
at the following scale of discounts, figured from the full
list, not being subject to the extra ten per cent.

First year, 33 1-3 off; second year, 25 per cent, off;
third year, 20 per cent, of ; fourth and fifth year, 15 per
cent, off; no journeyman shall be discharged to make
room for an apprentice and no apprentice at present em¬
ployed shall be discharged for the purpose of establishing
this ratio.

The proposition asking that all crates equal to the
English “Humbug” crate in capacity be paid for at the
rate of 75 cents each, was referred to the Eastern Stand¬
ing Committee.

As a substitute for the proposition to establish a uni¬
form size, list for all crates and boxes, it was agreed to
fix a maximum size for such articles as listed, the same
to be taken up with the Labor Committee of the United
States Potters’ Association later.

That all potteries suspend operations at noon on Sat¬
urdays and pay at noon on pay Saturday; left optional
with the firm.

That in the employment of finishers by piece workers,
no firm shall object to male finishers solely upon the
grounds of sex.

As a substitute for the proposition asking for the abo¬
lition of Note 1 in the Uniform Size List, it was agreed
to recommend to the original Size List Committee that
they take up the matter for investigation and determine
whether there are any abuses in the sizes of cover-dishes,
casseroles, coupe soups, chambers, etc., and if such abuses
are found to exist, aim to correct them, and that they ex¬
tend the Uniform Size List wherever it may be properly
done to articles not now included.

Any time during a depression of trade where the start¬
ing of apprentices would work a hardship, any petition
we might make to the manufacturers regarding the same
will be given proper consideration.

That the distance for carrying out moulds, dust, etc.,
was considered a local matter, and should be treated as
such.

That the operatives shall submit their propositions at
least 60 days and the manufacturers submit their propo¬
sitions at least 30 days before the conference.

The agreement to be known as the “Pittsburg Agree¬
ment.'’ The 1907 agreement known as the New York
agreement was reaffirmed insofar as it does not conflict
with the terms of the Pittsburg agreement.

The Pittsburg agreement to cover a period of two
years, beginning with the first full pay in October, 1909.

All propositions not enumerated in this list were with¬
drawn.

Pocahontas, Va.— The brick plant of the United States
Coal and Coke Company, located at Oran, W. Va., on
the maip line of the Norfolk and Western Railway about
two miles from this city, has resumed opertions. This
plant has been idle for the past eighteen months, and re¬
sumption of work there is welcomed by the people of the
city, as much benefit is derived from that plant.

CLAY RECORD. 21

THE MAKING OF A MECHANIC.

In replying to an editorial in the St. Louis Republic
which he regarded as unjustly criticising trade schools,
Mr. Anthony Ittner, a well-known St. Louis manufac¬
turer, has this to say in defense of the method of giving
technical and practical training in these schools, as com¬
pared with the apprentice system under the domination
of trades unions :

I was very much pained this morning on reading your
editorial headed “Trade Schools.” 'And then to see with
what assurance and positiveness it was written, made it
the more aggravating, as follows: “Two or three things
are writ large on the record of American experience with
industrial educations.”

In the first place I was not aware that the experience
of this country with industrial education, in so far as it
aimed to produce finished, skilled mechanics, was writ
anywhere, or at all on the record of American experience.

There are a great many good people in this country
who are earnestly striving to have it so writ as you
mention, and it is even hoped by some that this may be
accomplished during the present generation.

Now then for your three points, which I desire to con¬
sider as briefly as possible.

“First, it is necessary to remember that no school ever
created an effective journeyman out of hand. It takes a
year or so of practical work after graduation to do that.”

There seems to be a studied purpose among some
people to make it appear that a finished mechanic cannot
be graduated from a trade school, but I would never
think for a moment that one of the leading newspapers
of the country and one that had celebrated the one-
hundredth anniversary of its existence, could have any
selfish purpose in making it so appear. Now in this mat¬
ter I feel deeply in earnest, and do not feel that I can
afford to let any such false idea as you here advance gain
currency.

Of course, I am aware that not all skilled trades are
alike in comparison as being taught either in the regular
industries or in a trade school, but of the trade in which
I served an apprenticeship in this city, commencing fifty-
six years ago, I can speak, and I want to say that a boy
entering the bricklaying class in a trade school would re¬
ceive more technical instruction during his first day at
school than I received during the entire period of my ap¬
prenticeship, and the hand work that he does is so nearly
what the apprentice receives in the actual industries as to
leave him at no disadavntage in this as compared with
the boy who serves an apprenticeship in the old wrav, so
that in so far as the trade of the brick-layer is concerned,
a boy who would graduate from a trade school would be
a far better skilled workman than one who had served an
apprenticeship in the industries.

There may be, and I admit that there are skilled trades
in which this comparison would not hold good to such an
extent as in that of bricklaying, or any of the trades in
the building industries, to mention a few, such as locomo¬
tive building and machinery work of all kinds and en¬
gine building, but I am pleased to say that in these and
some other industries they are already supplied with the
advanced apprenticeship system to the extent that it
would be just and proper to call them trade schools. To
cite a few, for instance, such as the General Electric Com¬
pany, at Lynn, Mass., and the Baldwin Locomotive
Works and other large establishments throughout the
country, which, as I have said, all have their advanced
apprenticeship systems, which are very much similar to
trade schools, rendering regular trade schools in these
particular lines of industry unnecessary, since they are

at present so well provided for, and, besides, as I under¬
stand, they are not controlled by the restrictive rules of
labor unions, limiting apprenticeships.

Your mention of the necessity of a year or so of prac¬
tical work after graduating in a trade school, in order to
make a finished workman made me smile, since it is the
argument so universally advanced by labor leaders. It
is now some eighteen years since a movement was inau¬
gurated by the then Mechanics’ Exchange of this city,
looking to the establishment of a trade school. In this
movement I took part, and have been actively working
in the interest of industrial education for the American
boy ever since ; am now the chairman of the Committee
on Industrial Education for the National Association of
Manufacturers and chairman of a similar committee for
the National Brick Manufacturers’ Association and a
member of the Board of Managers of the National Soci¬
ety for the Promotion of Industrial Education, and during
the years mentioned have devoted a large part of my time
and spent considerable money in this interest, and yet if
I could be made to believe that a finished skilled work¬
man could not be graduated from a trade school I would
never utter another word or make another effort looking
to their establishment.

Do you ask why? I answer that it would be time and
money worse than wasted ! in fact, thrown away, since,
if the boy would not be considered a full-fledged skilled
mechanic, and by reason of the limitations placed upon
apprenticeships — and in some trades an outright bar
would confront him — not being able to complete his
trade, the knowledge of a trade which he had acquired
in the school could be of no practical use to him.

Now, I think I have said about all there is to be said
on the subject, but it will be necessary to mention and
touch upon your second and third points.

“Second, the schools must decide exactly what they
want to do before they begin.” This goes without say¬
ing, and will follow as a natural result; and as to “fore¬
men, assistant superintendents, erectors and men for
other supervisory and special duties” (which you say are
not present given by any school, and in which you are
mistaken), these positions will develop as they should
develop out of the most efficient skilled workmen. You
have heard the old and true saying that, “You cannot
make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear,” and likewise you
cannot make a superintendent, foreman and such out of a
person who has not the natural ability and qualifications
to make him a director of men, as I said, they should be
allowed to develop from the ranks as their natural apti¬
tude demonstrates their capability for advancement.

Now we come to your third and last point. “Third,
after the boy is taught there comes the question of his
entrance into the shop through the cheval-de-frise (what¬
ever that means) of the special regulations that obtain
in particular trades. It is no use to teach a student a
trade which he will not be permitted to practice after he
learns it.” This is fully covered by my answer to your
first point, and what you meant by cheval-de-frise may be
what I mean by limitation and outright proscription, and
yet I am not willing to admit that we are living under a
despotism, and that the individual liberty clause in the
Constitution of the United States is a dead letter. You
finish by saying that “Conditions vary much in the dif¬
ferent industries, it will take careful and comprehensive
study to work out a practicable plan” ; in this I do not
agree with you ; my opinion is that it will adjust itself.
That it will come as easily and naturally as water finds
its level, or, using a more common and crude expression,
“just like falling off a log.”

W. P. BLAIR EXPERT ON ROAD COSTRUCTION,
TELLS SOME INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT BRICK ROADS IN GOOD
ROADS MAGAZINE.

In an article written for the Good Roads Magazine,
Will P. Blair, an expert on road construction who is well
known says :

A vitrified brick highway is the one kind of pavement
for county roads that has clearly passed the experi¬
mental stage. The most important special features that
have been proven beyond all dispute are as follows:

They are the most economical.

They are the most satisfactory in use.

Their proper construction in all its details are easily
understood.

It is true that they may and generally cost one-fourth
to one-third more in the first instance than any of the
highways made of macadam, broken stone, etc., but the
cost of the highway is not to be measured by the first
expenditure, but must be measured by the cost of the
first expenditure plus the required cost to maintain it in
the first class condition for the purpose for which it was
built.

There is another element of cost that must be con¬
sidered by way of comparison in the economy of a brick
road with that of any form of gravel or macadam, and
that is the deteriorated condition which always obtains
for a considerable lapse of time before a repair is or can
be made.

By way of illustration the following facts are certainly
proof : Six years ago the city of Linton, Ind., laid a brick
street from the center of town to the corporate limits.
Three years afterward it was decided to construct a
broken stone highway from the terminals of the brick out
into the county. For more than a year past the mac¬
adam road has been in such a condition that it is impossi¬
ble to haul as much tonnage per vehicle by 50 per cent
as was hauled over the road when first constructed. The
brick portion is in perfect condition. In other words,
the macadam road was deteriorated 50 per cent in three
years, while after six years’ wear the brick road shows
in perfect condition.

The writer recalls another instance where a macadam
road in Northern Ohio was built at a cost of $76,000. It
has proven so worthless in use that farmers along the
road tiring of the excuse for a road, have recently peti¬
tioned for a brick road, thus correcting the mistake they
made, and being willing to throw away $76,000 in order
to secure something they can use every day in the year.

The brick road is always satisfactory in use because
always in repair — never a mudhole or a chuckhole, free
from dust, does not originate dust. The traction resist¬
ance is so little that a maximum load can always be
hauled. Unaffected by weather and equally good in all
seasons of the year. In New York State a few years ago
$50,000,000 was appropriated for good roads. Many
miles of macadam were constructed in the past few years,
yet only last winter a bill was introduced in the "legis¬
lature appropriating $1,000,000 for the repair of these
macadam roadways, and it is stated that many of them
are in very bad shape and that the cost of keeping them
up is far in excess of what the localities can afford.

Therefore, it has been proven that the brick paved
highway while more in first cost, more than makes up
for the difference in a few years.

A sixteen-foot brick roadway in Pennsylvania cost
from $16,000 to $20,000 per mile against macadam at
67,000 to $12,000, yet brick roads more than overcome
the difference in from five to ten years.

In Cuyahoga county, in the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio,
the advantage of the brick road is amply proven. In this
section the county pays 65 per cent to 85 per cent, of
the first cost, the balance being paid by the property
along the district. The benefit is only partly derived
from the 50 to 200 per cent increase in property values
along the brick roads. The farmers along such highways
are able to add 50 per cent to the loads on their wagons
of produce going to the city. The speed of the vehicle
is increased, saving much time, repairs to wagons, etc.,
as well as enabling farmers to haul every day in the
year regardless of weather conditions. The day it rains
and no work can be done on the farm, hauling can be
done, for the brick road is never muddy.

The construction authorized in Cuyahoga county pro¬
vides for the paving of 117 miles of brick roadway this
year. Already $3,394,682 has been expended on 176
miles of brick paved county roads in this county, mak¬
ing an average cost of $19,288 per mile. Notwithstand¬
ing this first high cost the people consider these road¬
ways a splendid improvement.

PLASTICITY OF CLAYS.

An explanation of what appears to be a satisfactory
method by which workers in clay can accurately ascer¬
tain the plasticity of any given clay has just been pub¬
lished by the Geological Survey in a bulletin (No. 388)
prepared by H. E. Ashley.

Heretofore an accurate judgment as to the qualities of
a particular clay could be formed only after long and
costly experiments. Clays, apparently similar in nearly
all respects, were found in actual manufacturing to give
results very different from those expected ; and of late
years it has become increasingly important to devise
some test by which their qualities could be quickly and
easily determined in advance of expensive installations.

Mr. Ashley, acting for the Geological Survey, under
an appropriation by Congress for the investigation, of
the structural materials of the United States, has discov¬
ered that the degree to which certain dyes, of which
malachite green seems to be the most satisfactory, are
adsorbed by a given clay furnishes a very satisfactory
index of its plasticity, which, of course, is the most im¬
portant of all its qualities.

Adsorption is the property by which dyes and other
substances are extracted from solution and incorporated
into the thing dyed. It differs from absorption, which is
incorporation of a liquid as it stands, irrespective of what
it holds in solution. Adsorption is especially character¬
istic of the peculiar substances known as colloids, which
form the bulk of clays, and on which their plasticity is
believed to depend. The amount of dye, therefore, which
a given amount of clay will adsorb from a standard dye
solution indicates pretty accurately the proportion of
colloids that the clay contains.

Tests by Mr. Ashley of most of the well-known com¬
mercial clays with a standard malachite green solution
have shown that their adsorption of the coloring of the
dye corresponds very closely indeed with their actual
known plasticities. As tests with malachite green give ex¬
pected results where the plasticity is already known, it
is inferred that they will prove equally accurate in deter¬
mining the plasticity where this has not yet been ascer¬
tained.

Bulletin 388, which is entitled “The colloid matter of
clay and its measurement,” can be had free by applying
to the Director of the United States Geological Survey
at Washington, D. C. Its nature is highly technical.

CLKY RECORD.

TRENTON ADVANCES CERAMIC INTERESTS In the Bronx Theatre the panels of red crystal glazes

TO EXTENT NEVER BEFORE AP¬
PROACHED IN U. S.

Within the last month Trenton, N. J., has advanced the
interests of ceramics in this country in a fashion never
before approached by American manufacturers.

Three orders for tile, just filled and shipped by the
Trent Tile Company, are among the most important
consignments of the kind on record in the United States.
In fact, in one instance, the material produced is cal¬
culated to inaugurate an entirely new era in the applica¬
tion of ceramics.

In a second instance, the company has completed one
of the first orders in the country for tile in red crystal
glazes. This latter accomplishment follows a lengthy
series of experiments on the part of practically all of the
ceramists this side of the continent and the first fruits of
the successful attempts in Trenton are to go into the
foyer of the magnificent new Bronx Theatre, in New
York.

Large and handsome many-colored pictures in tile, to
be inserted in the heavy wainscoting of the new historic
Hall apartment house, in the metropolis, marks the ad¬
vent, in the United States, of the use of permanent and
imperishable mural paintings, in tile, in combination with
decorative marble. This is essentially an idea of Ger¬
man architecture, followed first in England and only re¬
cently attempted in America.

The third shipment of the Trent Company, marking
an important stride in the company’s business, as well as
advancing, generally, the cause of ceramics in decora¬
tive combinations will go into the main dining room of
a new Dye Street restaurant, immediately opposite the
new Hudson Terminal Building, in New York. This
work, however, is much less pretentious than the others
mentioned though its location is expected to attract con¬
siderable attention and maybe serve to increase the in¬
terest of architects in modern application of highly col¬
ored tile.

To produce a picture of New York City, as it appeared
in 1607, true to nature and within a space of five feet six .
inches by four feet six inches, and to reproduce an old
print showing Harlem, from Morrisania, in 1647 in a
panel of three feet six inches by two feet six inches, and
to present an accurate likeness of the trees planted in
New York by Alexander Hamilton, in 1802, inside of two
feet six inches by nine feet, all in ceramics of imperish¬
able matt glazes, is indeed an extraordinary accomplish¬
ment.

And this is what has been done by Trenton skill and
ingenuity for the decoration of the main floor of Historic
Hall. Architect Albert P. Morris, of the Metropolis,
is responsible for the thought and Charles B. Upjohn,
chief of the designing staff of the Trent Tile Company,
is responsible for the color and accuracy of the pictures.
The matt color painting was executed by Norman E:
Rulon, also of the Tile company, while the production of
the material, including all the technical arrangements
and the bodies and glazes employed in the three con¬
tracts, is the work of Charles P. Lawshe, general man¬
ager of the company.

‘ The floor of Historic Hall, in the main corridor is to be
covered with tile, in the design of a damask rug, in 14
colors, embracing a space of ten feet and six inches by
eleven feet. The fine, old-fashioned fireplace, too, is to
be of tile, and the words Historic Hall, in superior cera¬
mic mosaics, are to be placed beneath the handsome sur¬
mounting mantel. All of this material is of the inde¬
structible sort, even to the highest colors, each of which
is fired to stand the ravages of time.

are to supplant the imported tapestries formerly em¬
ployed almost exclusively in decorating theatre foyers.
The glazes will be fancifully set off with narrow rims of
buff and a margin of tile, terra vitrea, in the extra rough.
The latter is to be embellished with black cement grout¬
ing giving probably the highest possible color tone to
the scheme. The panels in crystal will be three by six
feet. This departure in decorations is of immense ad¬
vantage to the tile industry, not only in Trenton, but
throughout the United States, inasmuch as it opens up
an entirely new field for high class ceramics in this
country.

The dining room in the Dye Street restaurant is deco¬
rated with a wainscoting of tile six feet from the floor.
It is all colored in buff, matt glaze, and painted in pinks
and greens, harmonizing perfectly with the floor design,
also of tile. The general style of the decorations here,
including the walls and panel effects, is all l’art nouveau,
showing the possibility of such an application from the
standpoint of perfect combinations in this imperishable
product.

All of the above described work in ceramics is notable
from the fact that it is the most pretentious effort of the
kind that has been made in Trenton in the last five years.
Being along the line of purely ornamental tile, and also
marking an epoch in the permanent application of mural
paintings in this country, the undertaking is looked
upon as especially remarkable. Where mineral and vege¬
table paints decay and decline, requiring periodical
touching up and constant care in their preservation, par¬
ticularly in public places, the same colors in tile are ab¬
solutely indestructible, and for this reason the ceramic
decoration is fast gaining in popularity in artistic archi¬
tecture.

ILLINOIS LEADS IN THE COMMON BRICK
BRANCH OF INDUSTRY SAYS
STATISTICS

The United States Geological Survey has just pub¬
lished a large chart, showing the statistics of the clay¬
making industries in 1908 by states and products, with
comparative totals for 1907. Ihis chart shows that the
clay products of the United States in 1908 were valued
at $133,197,762, compared with $158,942,369 in 1907, a
decrease of about one-sixth. Every state and territory
except Alaska is represented in this total, a fact which
shows the widespread character of the clay working
industries.

Ohio is the leading clay working state, reporting prod¬
ucts worth $26,622,490, or 19.99 per cent of the total,
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Illinois, New \ ork, Indiana,
Missouri California, Iowa and West Virginia are the
next largest producing states, in the order named.

Every state reported common brick, the total quan¬
tity being 7,811,046,000, valued at $44,765,614; this rep¬
resents over one-third of the value of all clay products.
Illinois is the leading producer of common brick, report¬
ing 1,119,224,000, valued at $4,834,652, or $4.32 per thou¬
sand. New York is the second in quantity but first in
value, the figures being 1,055,006,000, valued at $o. 066. 084,
or $4.80 per thousand. The average value per thousand
ranged from $3.97 in Kansas to $10.33 in Wyoming, with

a general average of $5.73. . .

Drain tile reported a gain in 1908, the increase being
from $6,864,162 in 1907, to $8,661,476 in 1908, or 26.18
per cent. This product finds its largest use in the mid¬
dle west — Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan
reporting 89.84 per cent of the total.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

923>34° • Apparatus for Drying Bricks. William F.
Decker, Goshen, N. Y. Filed Sept. 29, 1906. Serial No.
336,782.

In a brick drying apparatus, in combination, a drying
shed having a roof, a cupola on the roof extending longi¬
tudinally of the latter and having air-outlet openings in its
sides, means for regulating the flow of air through said
openings, a ceiling below the roof, the space below the ceil-

ing being divided into a plurality of drying chambers and
the ceiling being provided with openings extending longi¬
tudinally of the chambers for the discharge of air from the
chambers into the collecting space or chamber between the
ceiling and the roof, means for regulating the flow of air
through the ceiling openings, an air conduit common to
the chambers for supplying air thereto, as set forth.

924,439. Crushing and Pulverizing Mill. Charles A.
Dorn, John O- Ludlam, and Charles F. Bonnot, Canton, and
Louis C. Bonnot, Louisville, Ohio. Filed November 14,
1907. Serial No. 402,149.

A pulverizing machine having a grinding chamber with
a vertically arranged grinding ring or track therein, and a

rotary grinder cooperating with the track or ring and ar¬
ranged to throw the pulverized or partially pulverized ma¬
terial upwardly past the ring or track, in combination with
a screening chamber having screening walls arranged about
a vertical axis and located above the grinding chamber, and
a rotary distributing device in the screening chamber ar¬
ranged to deflect outwardly against the screen walls of said
chamber the material which is projected upwardly by the
grinder ; substantially as described.

924,450. Tile-Machine. Howard H. Gibson, Sterling,
Mich. Filed February 28, 1908. Serial No. 418,267.

A machine for forming and pressing cement tile, com¬
prising a stationary mold box having open ends, a displace¬
able imperforate cover for one of said ends, a plate, a lever
pivoted thereon, a rack bar, a plunger provided at one end
of said rack bar and movable in said box longitudinally there¬
of, a spring controlled pawl carried by the lever and nor¬
mally in engagement with the teeth of said rack bar, a sec¬

ond displaceable pawl mounted upon said plate for engage¬
ment with the teeth of said rack bar, and flexible means con¬
nected to both pawls, whereby the same will be simultan¬
eously released.

924,819. Gas-Producer. Lewis C. Parker and Frederick
W. Bussmeyer, St. Louis, Mo. Filed July 2, 1908. Serial
No. 44L634.

In combination with the wall of a gas producer, a cast¬
ing fastened to said wall and provided with a central open¬
ing, the marginal edge of which is provided with
annular groove, a series of grate bars, the upper ends of
which are angled and rest upon the projecting bottom wall

of said groove, a ring having shouldered portions upon the
inner marginal edge ehereof, the lower end of said grate
bars resting upon one of said shoulders, links pivoted at
their upper end in grooves formed upon the under surface
of said casting, their lower ends pivoted to said ring above
the lower ends of the grate bars, a grate mounted upon said
ring and resting upon the lower of said shoulders, as set
forth.

CLAY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

Rather than witness a recurrence of the disastrous
market conditions that prevailed here last fall and winter
when there were such large stocks of brick on hand that
prices dropped to cost, and in some cases below, several
of the large operators are preparing to close their plants
for the season several months ahead of time. Usually the
plants around the Bay operate until about the first of
December, when the rainy season sets in but if they all
do so this season it is realized that there will be more
stock on hand than the market can absorb, especially
since it will be but a short time until the falling off in the
demand for material will commence to be noted. Aside
from a slight flurry in the prices of common brick that
took place a couple of months ago, the market prices have
been well maintained this summer and all engaged in the
business have done fairly well. The demand has really
been better than was anticipated for there has not only
been more actual building done than was expected but
it is to be noted that a greater proportion of the buildings
put up have been of brick that has been the case since the
fire. Cement is still rather high priced and is not being
as enthusiastically recommended as it was a few months
ago. The use of face brick and terra cotta tiling is stead¬
ily increasing and at no time has there been an overpro¬
duction to be noted in these lines. The plants operated
are fewer in number and in strong hands which will not
allow either an overproduction or a cutting of rates. It
is largely due to the use of fancy brick and terra cotta that
San Francisco now has so many beautiful structures for
all those that are at all noteworthy in this respect show
these materials. Many of the concrete buildings have
colored terra cotta trimmings to relieve the plainness of
the concrete. Glazed tiling is also very popular and the
ease with which it is kept new and fresh looking appeals
to many property owners.

One of the most important buildings that have been
planned for future construction is the “Examiner” build¬
ing to be erected on Market and Third streets. This is to
be a twenty-three story structure of brick in Mission
style with a plentiful use of tiling. The general contract
has been let to Mahoney Bros., but the different parts of
the work will be sub-let.

That vitrified paving brick will soon come into promi¬
nent use for the paving of streets on this section of the
Coast is apparent from the plans that are being made by
several cities around the Bay for installing a large amount
of this work at an early date. Walter C. Howe, Superin¬
tendent of Streets for the City of Oakland has just re¬
turned from an extended visit to the cities of the North¬
west where he made a careful study of the proposition
where the paving brick had been tried out extensively and
he is very enthusiastic over what he saw. Howe states
that of all the cities he visited while away Seattle had by
far the best streets and these were largely of vitrified
brick. City Engineer Thompson of that city assured him
that by laying the brick in a thorough manner there was
no doubt in his mind that brick is the best and most eco¬
nomical paving material to be found in the market at the
present time. Oakland has already been experimenting
with the use of vitified brick for street work and it is ex¬
pected that the report of Superintendent Howe will re¬
sult in a large amount of work -of a permanent character.
Owners of brick plants in this section of the state are com¬
mencing to realize that the manufacture of paving brick-
will be a very important branch of the business in the
very near future and are preparing to turn their attention
to this branch of the business. Suitable clay beds have
been located and the brick now being turned out are said
to be equal to any on the market.

The brick pavement laid down the center of the new
state wharf at pier 40, San Francisco, has proved some¬
what of a disappointment but the fault has been found to
be with the manner in which the brick has been laid. It
will be repaired by the contractors who have agreed to
keep it in repair without charge for five years.

Numerous legal tangles involving the right of a corpo¬
ration to commit suicide and reincorporate under a new
name to escape its debts and retain its assets has crop¬
ped up in a recent suit in San Francisco. The Windsor
Terra Cotta and Pottery Works several years ago while
actually defunct by reason of the revocation of its charter,
borrowed from a local bank $13,325, giving as security a
trust deed on property in East Oakland. Shortly after¬
ward the Windsor Pottery Works was organized and to
this corporation were sold the assets of the old company.
T. T. Crittenden was a stockholder in both concerns.
When the amount borrowed from the bank was not re¬
paid’, the bank, defunct itself by that time, secured per¬
mission to foreclose on the property. Crittenden, how¬
ever, secured a temporary restraining order and is now
seeking to have this made permanent.

C. H. McKenney, receiver of the Sutter Creek State
Bank, has asked for instructions as to what should be
done with 20,000 shares of the capital stock of the Cali¬
fornia Pressed Brick Company of Niles, Cal., held as col¬
lateral security for two promissory notes of the Sunset
Contract and Supply Co. An assessment of 5 cents a
share has been levied upon the stock, which has a market
value of about 30 cents, and the receiver is anxious to
get rid of it. .

Lodi, Cal., will shortly be in the market for a large
amount of sewer pipe, $50,000 worth of municipal bonds
having just been sold to pay for sanitary work.

The Houze Brick & Cement Co., which recently pur¬
chased the works of the Pressed Brick & Supply Co.,
near Vallejo, Cal., has found a steady market for its
product and is making preparations to materially enlarge
the plant at the expenditure of a large sum. Much new
machinery will be purchased this winter and next spring
the company expects to be operating at full blast.

The Northern Clay Company of Auburn. Wash., is
making some very extensive improvements at its factory
there and is now adding a third story to the factory build¬
ing.

T. L. Childers of Hilton, Ore., who has extensive clay
deposits at Moscow, Idaho, has just returned home from
a visit to the beds with his partner. Plans have been
made to develop the property at an early date.

Peter Easle will soon commence the manufacture of
drain tile near Medford, Ore., and when this plant is in
full operation will commence to manufacture sewer pipe
and other clay products.

The Columbia Brick Works of Portland, Ore., have
been incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000 by A.
and R. Klose, and F. Oldrick.

KILLED IN DAUGHTER’S SIGHT.

Hartford, Conn., Aug. 30.— After suffering agony for
hours, William Dennis, president of the Dennis Brick
Company of Windsor avenue, Hartford, Conn., in the
northern part of this city, died at the Hartford Hospital
from injuries received while inspecting the engitfle of his
brick manufacturing plant.

Accompanied by his little daughter, Mr. Dennis was
looking over the engine when some projection on the
fast revolving flywheel caught his clothing and he was
whirled rapidly around and over several connecting
shafts. One foot and both of his arms were torn off.

O LAY

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. SEPTEMBER 15, 1909. No. 5

**l like to read American advertisements. They are In
fbemselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan*
®cea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker. *

The success of any business depends upon the hearty
cooperation of the employes.

A leaky roof may be mended, but it is impossible to
stop the running- of a tattling tongue.

He who is content to take things as he finds them will
very soon be unable to find anything to take.

And the way of the transgressor is still harder when
he is compelled to convert bowlders into broken stone.

You will find it much better to be like the carpenter,
and have a plan and to follow it closely. It beats the hit
or miss of getting work done.

A man without ambition had better content himself
with learning a trade. A good mechanic is fairly sure of
three dollars a day and fifty-two weeks employment a
year.

Employes should remember that the most successful
institution is the one whose managers are developed from
the rank and file. The best houses do not hire high
classed help from another concern. The most successful
men are those who start in at the bottom of the ladder,
and by perseverence and pluck and aptitude they climbed
the ladder until they reached the top.

FIRE “LESSON” FOR NEW YORK
In the Reconstruction of the Parker Building, Which
Was Burned Last Year.

New York, Sept. 11. — Before the twelve-story Parker
Building caught fire last year it had been called “fire¬
proof. But the fire “gutted” it completely, killing three
men and destroying hundreds of thousands of dollars
worth of property — principally because the open elevator
shafts and stairways allowed the flames to spread from
one floor to another, and because not enough fireproof
material had been used to protect the columns.

Most of the metal frame was left in good condition,
however, and now the reconstruction is begun. The ar¬
chitect and builder have set out to teach New York a
lesson in fireproofing. With the experience of the fire
behind them, they are going to show what a really fire¬
proof building is.

For the floor arches the architect has specified 12-inch
hollow terra cotta blocks, of the kind used in the city’s
most modern “sky-scrapers.” In the process of manu¬
facture these blocks have been subjected to a heat of
2,000 degrees and are proof against the hottest fire. They
are to be laid so that they will cover the bottom surfaces
of beams and girders, protecting the metal members by
two inches of fireproof material.

In place of insufficient column-covering in the old Par¬
ker Building, the columns in the new will have as protec¬
tion a three-inch thickness of hard-burned terra cotta
joined together by Portland cement mortar. This cover¬
ing will insulate the metal from the fiercest heat capable
of being generated in the building.

The elevator shafts and stairways are to be enclosed in
such a manner that, if a fire starts, it will not be able to
spread from one floor to another, but will be confined to
the level of its origin. In every other detail, the architect
and builder have planned to make the new structure ab¬
solutely fireproof.

THE LARGEST BRICK PLANT IN THE WORLD

The C. W. Raymond Company of Dayton, O., are
happy over a contract for the erection and equipment
of what will eventually be the largest brick plant in
the world, although the present unit to be installed is
only about one-third of the proposed plant. The plant
will be financed by a syndicate of bankers of New York,
who own several thousand acres of coal land, near Nel-
sonville, Ohio.

The outfit will require a special train of forty cars, it
‘will consist of about 25 different machines together with
various auxiliary machinery and equipment, also an arti¬
ficial dryer of forty tunnels and a continuous burning
kiln to be operated by manufactured gas, made from the
companies coal.

The machinery will be of strictly modern build, auto¬
matic, and of the heaviest type known having a capacity
of two hundred thousand 'brick per day, with the present
unit. Two additional units will be installed upon the
completion of this one, when the capacity of the plant
will have an estimate capacity of six hundred thousand
brick.

The order was taken by Mr. Geo. M. Raymond of
the C. W. Raymond Company, and will be constructed
and equipped under his immediate supervision.

CLAY RECORD.

OBITUARY.

William Dennis president of the Dennis Brick Co.,
Hartford, Conn., died from an accident caused by being
caught in a fly wheel of the engine at his brick plant.

John Oloff, a pioneer brick manufacturer of Rock Isl¬
and, Illinois, died at the St. Anthony Hospital. He was
stricken with apoplexy. He was born in Sweden in 1840,
and came to Rock Island in 1854. When twenty-one
years of age he formed a partnership with Christopher
Atkinson which was continued until seven years ago
when Mr. Atkinson retired. He is survived by two sis¬
ters.

Jacob May, one of the leading German citizens of La-
Fayette, Ind., died at the St. Elizabeth Hospital of blood
poisoning started in his foot from a small bruise on the
little toe. The leg was amputated below the knee in hope
of saving him. In 1867 he started in the brick business
and at the time of his death had his four sons engaged
with hijn under the firm name of Jacob May & Sons. He
was born in 1836.

PORTLAND CEMENT PRODUCTION INCREAS¬
ING WHILE NATURAL CEMENT
DECREASES.

A bulletin just published by the Geological Survey
relative to the cement industry in the United States dur¬
ing 1908 states :

The total quantity of Portland, natural and puzzolan
cements produced last year was 53,910,925 barrels, valued
at $44,477,653. As compared with 1907, whose produc¬
tion was 52,230,342 barrels, valued at $55,903,851, the
year showed an increase of 1.3 per cent in quantity and
a decrease of 20 per cent in value. The total Portland-
cement production was 51,072,612 barrels, valued at $43,-
547,679. This is an increase in quantity of 4.6 per cent
and a decrease in value of 19.3 per cent compared with
the figures for 1907. Pennsylvania, with 22 producing
plants, led with 20,393j965 barrels. The average price
per barrell was 85 cents. Of the four types of Portland
cement, divided according to the kinds of raw material
used, 40.6 per cent was made from cement rock and pure
limestone, 45 per cent from limestone and clay or shale,
5.5 per cent from marl and clay, and 8.9 per cent from
slag and limestone.

The production of Portland cement has shown an in¬
crease each year. The natural-cement industry, on the
other hand, reached its maximum in 1899, with an out¬
put of 9,868,179 barrels, since which year it has shown an
almost continuous decrease, until now it has become a
relatively unimportant factor in the cement situation.
The natural cement produced in the United States in
1908 amounted to 1,686,862 barrels, valued at $834,509,
which was a decrease of 41 per cent in quantity and 43
per cent in value under the preceding year. Of puzzolan
cement, made by mixing blast-furnace slag and slaked
lime, there was manufactured 151,451 barrels, valued at
$95,468, a heavy decrease when compared with the pro¬
duction reported for 1907.

Imports of foreign cement (comprising not only Port¬
land but all other hydraulic cements) amounted to 842,-
121 barrels, with exports of 846,528 barrels. Shipments
to the Canal Zone for use in the Panama Canal will
heavily increase the exports of cement from the United
States.

« - - -

The extensive and complete plant, fixtures, material,
etc., of the Northeastern Terra Cotta Co., of Bradford,
Pa., has been sold to William Hanley on a bid of $14,025.
He is also the principal owner of the Bradford Pressed
Brick Co.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES.

H. F. Plummer has been appointed receiver for the
Wheeland Brick Co., Mountain View, Cali., at the re¬
quest of the president of the Bank of Mountain View.

Lewis A. Knight has sued the Hydraulic Press Brick
Co., of Washington, D. C., for $10,000 damages for being-
knocked from his bicycle by a team belonging to the com¬
pany. He was seriously injured.

Joseph Feedrico, foreman of a blasting gang, was killed
and two laborers seriously injured in a cave in at the shale
quarry of the Bradford (Pa.) Pressed Brick Co., at
Lewis Run.

G. A. N. Thone, a stockholder of the American Clay
Products Co., of Swoyerville, Pa., filed an equity suit
against the company and asks for the appointment of a
receiver and that the company may be declared insolvent.

Suilt for $5,000 damages for the loss of fingers of a boy
whose boy friend appropriated dynamite cartridges from
the plant of the Alliance (O.) Clay Products Co. has been
filed.

William Pollock, a brick layer employed at the works
of the Enameled Brick Works at Mount Savage, Md.,
fell from a scaffold and sustained four broken ribs, a
broken arm and several severe cuts.

Michael Prince, of Bound Brook, N. J., a laborer em¬
ployed at the Lincoln Tile Works received fatal injuries.
While handling large cement piers one toppled over on
him, crushing his chest and legs so that he died on the
way to the hospital.

The Frisco Road was fined $100.00 and costs for con¬
tempt by the corporation commission of Oklahoma on
complaint of the Bartlesville (Okla.) Vitrified Brick Co.,
for charging excessive rates on a car load of brick from
Bartlesville to Avard.

An involuntary petition in bankruptcy has been filed
in the courts against the Claytonia Brick & Clay Products
Co., South Kentucky Ave. and I. C. Ry., Evansville, Ind.
It is claimed that the indebtedness is not large and that
the defendant company made a preference of creditors.
George M. Uhl is one of the petitioners.

FIRE ! FIRE ! ! FIRE ! ! !

The Terra Cotta Works at Alfred, N. Y., is practically
destroyed. Origin unknown. Loss $50,000. Insurance
$35,000.

The Steelton and Harrisburg (Pa.) Brick Co.’s plant at
Ninth and Reilly Streets, Harrisburg, is a total wreck
from fire. The loss is $20,000, partly covered by insur-

3,nc0

Fire occurred in the kiln sheds of the brick making
plant of Whittet Brothers at Edgerton, Wis., destroying
the sheds only. The loss will reach $1,000, partly covered
by insurance.

The brick yard owned by William Fox, 1010 North
Elizabeth Street, Peoria, Ill., was twice visited by fire
within a week, supposed to be of incendiary origin. The
first loss amounts to $1,500, while the later one totally de¬
stroyed the plant, causing a loss of $10,000. The loss is

partly covered by insurance. '

Fire originating in the dryer at the plant ol the Harris
Brick Company at Zanesville, Ohio, caused a loss of $50,-
000, partly covered by insurance. The plant was leased
only a month ago by R. E. Weaver and A. M. Backer, of
Akron, O. The lessees loose $5,000 in manufactured
stock and new equipment. 4 he plant was principally
owned by Mr. Tiedeman, the president, and a New \ ork
soap manufacturer and Peter Gorter, of Evansville, Ind.
It is not yet decided whether or not the plant will be re¬
built.

DIFFERENCE IN DIRECTORATE RESPONSIBLE
FOR DISSOLUTION OF COMPANY.

The order which Attorney C. L. Waring secured from
Supreme Court Justice Tompkins directing the receivers
for the Bartlett Brick Company to dispose of the property
brings to light an interesting story.

I he Bartlett Brick Co., was organized about three years
ago with a capitalization of $300,000. F. W. Bartlett, form¬
erly of Hudson, N. Y., had about fifty per cent of the stock
and other members of the Bartlett family held blocks
of stock. Senator John B. Rose held the second largest
block of stock and was an important factor in the affairs
of the company. The other heavy stockholders were
Dr. Charles T. Townsend of this city and Denton Fowler
of Haverstraw. Mr. Bartlett was president, and there
were eight directors.

Some time after the organization of the company dif¬
ferences arose among the stockholders as to the man¬
agement of the company and two factions arose. One
was known as the Bartlett faction and the other as the
Rose faction. Of the eight directors each side had four
and a deadlock followed. Being unable to agree it was
decided that the best thing to do was to dissolve the
concern and proceedings to this end were begun. Ed¬
ward J. Collins, an attorney and Seward U. Round, of
Newburgh, were named by the Supreme Court as re¬
ceivers of the Bartlett Brick Company. After the re¬
ceivers had gone as far as they could in winding up
the affairs of the company other action was necessary
to complete the work, and C. L. Waring the attorney
for the Bartlett faction appeared before Justice Tomp¬
kins and asked that the receivers be empowered to dis¬
pose of the property and turn it into cash so that a dis¬
tribution of the proceeds might be made among the
stockholders according to the number of shares of stock
they held.

The Bartlett Brick Company was never financially
embarrassed but its dissolution came about owing to
differences among the directors over the management.
In fact, the company was always a good money maker.
The first plant of the company was built at Hudson, N.
Y., and is still in a flourishing condition. Then the com¬
pany enlarged and built a new and modern plant at a
point just above Roseton. This plant is the best of the
two and is equipped in every way with the very latest
appliances' and machinery. It has a large output and is
capable of earning a large income.

It has been arranged that receivers Collins and Round
shall sell the two plants of the company at public sale
in October. If the bidders at this sale do not offer any¬
where near what the property is worth their bids will
be rejected and another sale held. By argeement be¬
tween the two factions a sacrifice of the property will
be prevented.

POTTERS SIGN FOR TWO YEARS’ PEACE.

Trenton operative potters are generally pleased be¬
cause of signing of the new two years’ wage agreement
at East Liverpool, where representatives of the N. B. O.
P. and the United States Potters’ Association met in con¬
ference. The new wage scale will become effective Oc¬
tober 1, when the present agreement expires.

The new agreement makes no changes in the wages as
compared with present wage conditions. The men pre¬
sented 39 propositions to the manufacturers. Many of
those propositions giving the men better working con¬
ditions were adopted and several calling for minor
changes in shop system were gained.

I he signing of the new agreement means that for the
ensuing two years the pottery industry will be free from
labor trouble, providing, of course, that both men and
manufacturers honor the new conditions.

SUED FOR $5,000 FOR THE MANGLING OF A
HAND BY THE EXPLOSION OF A STOLEN
DYNAMITE CAP.

Suit for $5,000 damages against the Alliance Clay
Product Company was brought in the courts of Mahon¬
ing county by William H. Mitchell of Alliance, O., by
his next friend, Mrs. Sarah J. Mitchell. Plaintiff is a
lad of twelve years, and the mangling of a hand by the
explosion of a dynamite cartridge on July 2, 1907, is the
basis of action, negligence on the part of the defendant
company contributing, it is alleged, to the accident.

The petition avers that the defendant company, which
is engaged in the mining of clay and shale and the manu¬
facture of brick, had on or about June 24, 1907, the time
leading up to the accident, a poorly constructed shed by
the roadside in which was kept quantities of explosives
dangerous to life and limb, the same being without fence,
guard or obstruction to keep passers-by off or out of the
property, with no sign or danger warning and with door
usually unlocked and open. That it was known by
the defendant company that the public highway thereby
was generally used by the public and that children fre¬
quently traveled by, either in the going to fish or swim
in Plum Run creek or to gather berries by the wayside.

That on or about the day above mentioned the door
of this shed had been negligently left open with the ex¬
plosives unguardedly exposed ; that plaintiff, then 10
years of age, with Mike Grail, aged 10, and Chas. Grail,
aged 12, in returning home from a fishing trip on said
day, were attracted by childlike instinct to the shed,
and that some of the dynamite cartridges were picked up
by Chas. Grail, who gave of them to his companions,
the same being carried home.

That on July 2, following, while plaintiff was handling
one of these cartridges, it exploded, mangling the left
hand and tearing off the thumb and index finger, by
reason of which he was confined to his bed for six weeks,
surgical attention being necessary, and through which
he will be deprived of the most important of the fingers
of the hand and be disfigured for life.

A TENNESSEE CONTRATOR WILL REVOLU¬
TIONIZE BRICK MAKING.

Dresden, Tenn. — Mr. Charley Pratt, a local contractor
and practical brick mason, has in operation here a brick¬
making machine that is destined to revolutionize the
manufacture of pressed brick and make Mr. Pratt, the
inventor, wealthy. The machine has just been placed
on the market and is proving a success. It makes hard
pressed brick from plain dry dirt, no water being used
in mixing. The dirt is hauled from the pit and fed into
the machine without any doctoring at all or the addi¬
tion of sand. This dirt is ground to a dust and con¬
veyed to the molds, where, by hydraulic pressure the
brick are formed. These brick are firm and weigh one-
half pound each more than the mud-made brick; they are
free from pores, which are common in the mud-made
brick, and Mr. Pratt claims that no water will be ab¬
sorbed by them after being placed in the wall. The
brick are taken direct from the machine to the kiln, 100
at a load, whereas with the old machine fine brick can
only be handled one at a time, and these are conveyed to
a drying shed, where they remain several days before
being placed in the kiln. The inventor, Mr. Pratt, claims
that three hands can manufacture with his machine the
same quantity of brick per day that is required for ten
hands with old machine. Many brick men from a dis¬
tance have been here to examine the machine and see
and test its product. Only one other of this invention is
in use, there being one at Hickman. The machine is
light and may be conveyed from place to place at little
expense.

CLAY RECORD.

EVERY TRENTON GENERAL WARE POTTERY
WORKING TO ITS LIMIT.

In addition to the business activity reported in the san¬
itary potteries of Trenton a few days ago, it is now known
that for the first time in three years every general ware
pottery in Trenton is working full force and with pros¬
pects of business for months ahead. The local plants are
busier now than they have been for a dozen years.

A few months ago nearly every general ware plant in
the city was working with the lowest number of employes
in their history. Then as soon as the manufacturers real¬
ized that the tariff would not adversely affect the local in¬
dustry and also that the National Brotherhood of Oper¬
ative Potters would not make any unreasonable demands
conditions improved. With the wage and the tariff ques¬
tions out of the way for at least a couple of years, the
manufacturers started to plan for increased trade. Trav¬
eling salesmen were hustled out to the various sections of
the country and business began to boom. Orders began
to come in from every quarter and this week every pot¬
tery found it necessary to run full-handed. This means
that several thousand Trenton people are being given
steady employment and the business men and house own¬
ers of the city are being benefited.

The plants of Charles Howell Cook are working full¬
handed and the amount of orders on hand insures steady
work for months.

Ambrose G. Dale, of the International Pottery Compa¬
ny, who is one of the best posted men on general ware, in
an interview declared that the prospects for the general
ware trade looked better than for years.

The Maddock Pottery Company on Third Street is a
bee-hive of industry as a result of the improvement in
trade. The plant is tu.rning out hotel and restaurant ware
to its fullest capacity. Orders are coming from every
quarter.

The Greenwood Pottery Company has three big plants
making general ware. In the china plant the condition of
trade for high grade of goods is fine and in the other
plants the entire force is at work.

W. H. Griggs, of the Anchor Pottery Company, de¬
clared that the settling of the tariff and wage questions
will man work to the limit. The plant has been running
full-handed for several weeks.

JUDGMENT NOT GIVEN; DEFENSE
IS SUFFICIENT.

The court discharged the rule for judgment for want
•of a sufficient affidavit of defense in the case of the U. S.
Brick Co., Reading, Pa., to the use of the receiver, against
the Middletown (Pa.) Shale Brick Co. A similar dis¬
position was made and the same order entered in the
case of the U. S. Brick Co., etc., against the Reading
Shale Brick Company. Judge Endlich handed the opin¬
ion down in both cases.

After a careful review in the questions involved in this
case Judge Endlich states “the conclusion which is forced
upon the court, though, it may be confessed, not with¬
out a feeling that the contrary is supported by many
obvious considerations of fairness and expediency, is
that the affidavit of defense filed in this case is. under our
law as it now stands, sufficient to prevent the entry of
judgment for the plaintiff upon this rule.”

This is an action to recover a balance of $11,419.19.
which it is alleged the Middletown Shale Brick Co., owes
the plaintiff corporation, which became insolvent on
July 1, 1907, and a receiver was appointed on July 27,
1908. The defendant claims that instead of being in¬
debted to the U. S. Brick Company the later is indebted
to them to the extent of $21,791.93.

THE ZANESVILLE TILE PLANT BOUGHT BY
THE MOSAIC TILE CO.

Spirited bidding on the part of three prospective buy¬
ers at the sale of the Zanesville Tile Co.’s plant forced
the price up to $68,600, when it was knocked down to
William M. Shinnick, treasurer and general manager of
the Mosaic Tile Co., his representative at the sale being
Attorney J. R. Stonesipher. It is stated that the Mosaic
will in all probability operate the plant in connection
with its own industry. The other bidders were J. B.
Owens, former owner of the manufactory, and J. C.
Flammer of New York, head of the National Associa¬
tion of Tile Manufacturers, who is said to have repre¬
sented the American Encaustic Tile Co.

The sale price was $7,000 more than the appraisement,
which was $61,931. The first bid of $42,000 was made by
Mr. Flammer, two-thirds of the appraisement being $41,-
287.32. He and Mr. Owens had a merry race, bidding in
thousands until the $50,000 mark was reached, after
which Mr. Flammer dropped out. Then Mr. Stonesipher,
representing the Mosaic, entered the bidding and it pro¬
ceeded by one hundreds and several five hundred bids
until Master Commissioner L. E. Dodd knocked it down
to Mr. Stonesipher for $68,600.

The sale was held at the front door of the court house
and the high sale price is a surprise to many. It was
forecasted the day before that the plant would not sell
at the present appraisement, but all these opinions were
in error.

^ The sale is the result of a court order, given Master
Commissioner Dodd by Judge Frazier, in the case of
Harry L. Mooar vs. the Zanesville Tile Co., in which Mr.
Mooar asked for a receiver. Mr. Dodd was appointed
receiver, and after some time the court allowed Mr. Dodd
to lease the plant to Mr. Owens, who has been conduct¬
ing it for some months. Mr. Owens holds about 90 per
cent of the claims against the concern.

WORKHOUSE BRICK TO BE SOLD ON LOCAL

MARKET.

The Minneapolis workhouse brick problem will be set¬
tled by the sale of that product in the open market to the
highest bidder.

At a meeting of the special council committee which
considered the brick question, this course met with ap¬
proval but final action rests with the board of charities
and corrections.

Mayor James C. Hayens, Frank McDonald, superin¬
tendent of the workhouse; Fred R. Salisbury and J. D.
Holtzerman, members of the board of charities and cor¬
rections, urged that the city find a use for the brick.

“The question is,” declared Mayor Haynes, “whether
the city has a right to use its own property as it sees fit.
There seems to be some strange influence operating to
prevent the use of these brick. The building trades have
approved but the hatters’ union and others with no par¬
ticular interest in the matter have voted against it.”

Andrew Rinker, city engineer, explained that the only
place these brick would be available would be for sewer
work. He said that about 60 per cent, of them would be
available for this purpose, but as the brick for the sewer
construction ordered for this year has already been pur¬
chased nothing can be done in this matter until next
spring.

Although the speakers advocating the use of the brick
by the city presented many arguments in favor of such
use they could not suggest a place where the 3,000,000
brick now on hand would be available.

“There is no question as to the advisability of using this
brick,” declared Aid. James D. Williams, chairman.
“What.we want to find out is where to use it.”

CL-7SY RECORD*

OUTPUT OF THE YARDS ALONG THE
HUDSON RIVER.

The greater part of the brick used in construction work
in and about New York is made along the Hudson
River, where shipping facilities are excellent. The re¬
port of the State Geological Survey says the value of the
brick made last year was only $4.75 a thousand, as com¬
pared with $5.20 a thousand in 1907. The total number
of common brick marketed from the Hudson River region
in 1908 was 817,459,000, as compared with 1,051,907,000
in 1907. The largest production was in 1906, when it
amounted to 1,230,692,000, or about '50 per cent, more
than that of 1908. There were 114 plants in operation
last year, with an average product of 7,171,000 against
a total of 122 plants and an average product of 8,622,000
in 1907.

The decline in the production was generally distri¬
buted over the nine counties of the region, and. all re¬
ported a smaller total than in 1907, though the largest
falling off was in Rockland and Ulster Counties. Ulster
County stood first in size of output, as in the preceding
year, with a total of 179,166,000, valued at $816,947. Rock¬
land County maintained its place as the second largest
producer in the region and reported a total of 172,926,000
valued at $800,603. Orange County’s total was 151,860,-
000, valued at $747,637. Dutchess came next with 132,-
000,000 brick, valued at $605,371.

On the whole, business last year was poorer than for
a long time, with prices throughout at so low a level as
to afford little or no profit to the manufacturer. An un¬
favorable factor was the large number of brick carried
over by the yards from 1907, amounting to fully 300,000,-
000. The season of manufacture was very short. The pre¬
vailing prices in the early part of the year averaged about
$4.50 a thousand. As the season advanced there was a
gradual improvement, and shipments were made at $4.75
and $5.00 in the summer. The upward tendency con¬
tinued throughout the fall and early winter with the re¬
vival of building operations, and at the close of the year
prices reached as high as $6.75 and $7.00.

NEW BIG TILE PLANT FOR ZANESVILLE.

Zanesville, Ohio, which is to have a new pottery and
tile manufactory without paying one cent of bonus or
donating a site, and the concern will be one of the larg¬
est in the city, for J. B. Owens, Zanesville’s former tile
and pottery manufacturer, has let the contract to Dunz-
weiler Bros., for erecting the first of a series of buildings.
Mr. Owens announced that 200 men would be employed
within 60 days, 300 in three months, and in four months
when everything would be in shipshape order, he expects
to employ at least 400.

The prospective cost of the new plant has not been an¬
nounced, but it will run up to an enormous figure even¬
tually, as Mr. Owens intends adding to the original build¬
ing. The plant will be modern in every respect, and will
be one of the largest in the city, and as the cost of big til¬
ing industries run into the hundreds of thousands of dol¬
lars, it will be seen that the affair is one of magnitude.

The new plant will be located just opposite the Zanes¬
ville Tile Co. as Mr. Owens owns 65 acres of ground in
that vicinity, enough for the biggest pottery in the world,
if the new concern should enlarge to that point. The first
building, where the goods will be manufactured, will front
160 feet on the railroad, while the warehouses and stock
rooms will be near this.

The first main building will be 160 feet wide and 350
feet long, and will be constructed of brick. The plans
call for its completion in 60 days, and Mr. Owens stated
that the contractors must also finish a kiln every four
days, after the first two weeks, so more workmen. can be
added every week.

HOUSTON’S NEW BRICK PLANT NOW IN
OPERATION.

The first of September was the first day of the opera¬
tion of the new brick plant that has been erected by
Sherman Brady, at Houston, Texas. The new factory
is located in the Second ward near the Hill street bridge
with only a street between the new site and that of the
old factory. The new factory is virtually an addition to
the already established concern and was built to meet
the demands of the growing business of the concern.
Preparations and work have been going on at the new
plant for about seven months and while the plant is now
in condition to run regularly, there will be a great deal
more improvement made before it is entirely completed.

The old factory owned by Mr. Brady is the oldest
brick making establishment in Texas and one of the
oldest in the South, and has been continually in operation
for many years. The new plant will add greatly to the
capacity of the plant for turning out brick.

There were three presses in operation at the new plant
and one stiff mud machine. About 100,000 brick have
been turned out since the start was made. Sheds will
be built over the entire brick yards and the factory will
be equippel with necessary conveniences for running
both day and night and in any kind of weather. Includ¬
ing both shifts of men, about fifty men will be employed
at the plant.

The clay out of which the brick will be made is brought
from Harrisburg up the ship channel by barge. Mr.
Brady is having slips put in at Harrisburg and will also
construct slips at the yards where the clay will be un¬
loaded from the barges. Mr. Brady is proprietor of the
barges and transportation facilities and has everything
arranged to conduct the business on the most economi¬
cal plans. The clay is tranferred from the barges by a
new 50-horse power derrick of the American Hoist and
Derrick Company, which will be used also to transfer
sand and shell from barges. The clay is of a very fine
quality of a red color and makes a handsome brick. It
is pressed dry and can be made into brick a few minutes
after it leaves the barge. The Harrisburg clay will be
used at both plants for the making of the brick.

The International and Great Northern railroad has just
laid 2,400 feet of new track into the yards, which makes
the shipping facilities of the plant unexcelled, having the
best of both water and rail transportation facilities.

A large supply of wood and oil has been procured and
the plant is in a position to continue in operation with¬
out delay. Mr. Brady has acquired about 200 lots in
the vicinity of the plant and will be prepared to continue
the development of his property. Five new kilns will
be built, which will have a capacity of 435,000 brick each.

MR. GREGORY GIVES FOUNTAINS TO CITY

M. E. Gregory, proprietor of the Corning, (N. Y.)
Brick and Terra Cotta Co. plant, and a public spirited
man, has presented six large terra cotta flower vases to
the city of Corning for decorating the large fountain now
being built in the Court House Park.

A vase will be placed on each side of the six pillars,
and will contain flowering plants. The fountain is now
being constructed, the forms having been placed for
the concrete and one pillar completed. The outer edge
of the fountain will form a huge circular seat. The water
will fall from the center of the fountain where the elec¬
tric light standard is located over rough stones creating
a cascade effect.

Mr. Gregory is the ex-president of the National Brick
Manufacturers’ Association and a member of the Execu¬
tive Committee. He has always been interested in bring¬
ing to the front anything pertaining to the ceramic indus¬
try..

CLAV RECORD.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS.

A report has been received from an American consular
officer in the United Kingdom stating a business man in
his district is desirous of seeing American bricks made
of sand (sand with a mixture of lime or cement). He
also desires to be supplied with illustrated lists of up-to-
date machinery used in the United States in the produc¬
tion of these bricks, together with the approximate cost
thereof, as he is contemplating engaging in the manufac¬
ture of bricks, sewer pipes, sanitary ware, etc. Address
Xo. 3858, Bureau of Manufactures, Washington. D. C.

After a thorough investigation the Monterey, (Cali.)
Pressed Brick Co. has decided to erect a plant for the
manufacture of building brick from the sands of the
American river. The plant will be at Sacramento on the
water front. Tests were made at their Monterey plant
which are very satisfactory.

The Raton (New Mexico), Cement Block & Brick
Mfg. Co., is now delivering its first 200,000 brick.

The Wainwright Adamant Brick Co., Wainwright,
Okla., has been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are, D. A. Skillen, L. W. Hampton and L.
R. Skillen, of Okmulgee and W. H. Wainw’right and C.
L. Hunt of Wainwright.

The Fairmont Cement Stone Mfg. Co., Fairmont,
Minn., is putting up a large cement tile factory at Tuttle
Lake. They will make tile from 12 to 40 inches in size
and two feet long.

The Montana Granite Brick Co., Helena, Mont., is mak¬
ing a permanent exhibit for the Montana State Fair.

Pure silica sand has been found on Gordon Creek, near
Elgin, Union Co., Oregon. J. W. Robinson has become
interested and has a process by which fire-proof, facing
and ornamental brick are made. Plass Bros., of Elgin,
are preparing to erect a plant using the silica and process.

The new address of Paul Fuchs, the specialist for the
sand-lime brick industry, is 1747 Carmen Ave., Chicago.
It is not a change of location, simply a renumbering of
the streets. Mr. Fuchs has a splenid laboratory, where
all kinds of tests can be made.

The International Sand Lime Brick and Machinery Co.,
90 West Street, New York, reports that business is much
improved. Their “Division Method” of making silica
brick is meeting with great favor. The Philadelphia
Opera House, owned by Oscar Hammerstein, is a lasting-
monument for this method.

BRIMFIELD BRICKMAKERS PROTEST FOR
LOSS OF WATER POWER.

Marcy & Gardner, makers of brick in Brimfield, Mass.,
filed a bill of complaint in the superior court against
Augusta R. Schnell of Warren, asking for damages and
that the defendant be restrained from continuing to
remove the bank and divide the waters of “Mill brook.”
The plaintiff have a dam and mill situated in the west¬
erly part of Brimfield along Mill brook and for years
have been using the water in the brook for the manu¬
facture of brick.

In the bill of complaint it is claimed that the defendant
owns land along the brook above the property of the
plaintiff and that the defendant has taken away a por¬
tion of the bank and divided the waters in the brook, so
that the plaintiff’s business has been damaged by the
curtailing of the output of brick.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

I he Mosaic Tile Co., Zanesville, O., has purchased
the Zanesville Tile Co. plant paying $68,600 for same.

The Sioux City (la.) Brick and Tile Co., are now de¬
livering brick to the trade from its rebuilt plant at
Springdale.

The Manteno (Ill.) Brick Co., recently broke all previ¬
ous records by making 210,000 brick in eight hours on
one Chambers Bros. Co., brick machine.

The Beebe (Ark.) Brick Mfg. Co., has filed a certificate
with the state increasing its capital stock from $5,000
to $50,000. W. H. Strickland is president of the com¬
pany.

J. B. Owens has let contracts to Dunzweiller Bros., to
build a tile and pottery factory, the main building to be
160 feet wide by 350 feet long, and wrill employ 400
workers. It will be known as the Owens’ Tile Works.

The Montello Brick Co., Reading, Pa., has opened the
first kiln of brick at the Perkiomen plant and will put a
force of men at work on the Mantello plant so as to put
it in shape to start. L. A. Rehr is the general manager.

A. E. Huckins has purchased of John W. Stipes a half
interest in the Sheldon Brick Co. plant at Urbana, Ill.
He will make his home in Champaign where the office of
the company is located.

The Hayes Run Fire Brick Co., at Hayes Run, near
Lock Haven, Pa., has decided to rebuild its works which
recently burned. This time the plant will be built of
brick and stone instead of wood.

Holley & Smith have been incorporated at Hackensack,

N. J., with $125,000 capital stock. Alfred T. Holley,
Walter H. Smith and Arch. C. Hart are the incorporators.
They will manufacture and sell lumber, brick and build¬
ing material with offices on State Street.

The Evansdale Lime and Clay Product Co., organized
by Canton, O., residents with a $20,000 capital stock has
begun operations near North Industry. The office is in
the City National Bank Bldg. Milton Shaefer is presi¬
dent and Otto Benra, manager.

The Empire Brick and Sand Co., Jersey City, N. J.,
has been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. Incor¬
porators are John S. Crump of Bayside, L. I., and Charles
H. S'tanton and F. H. Pfeiffer of New York City. They *
will manufacture brick, tile, pottery or terra cotta.

After the Ft. Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Co., had
spent nearly $100,000 building a splendid plant near that
city the St. Louis ScTTancisco Ry., took up the switch
track and the company is now obliged to cart their brick
to a railway track until the matter can be settled in the
courts. The plant was built and owned by A. J. Yoke
and others.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged.

_ * i m t 4 T V l ' V ' 1 4 I \ I J . . _ _ _ _ J m a. LI 1 D a 1-4 I -

to Suit all Locations

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

p _ ; t f Vtmprloritv Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
Jn?-h“f of the' Refused ”o^her Kilns Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and wh.ch is being done most successfully

Address, H. HAIG H, CatsRill, N. Y.

CLKY RECORD.

The Batchelor Brick and Tile Co., is building- another
kiln to their plant at Angola, Ind.

C. M. Baldridge has sold his brick and tile works and
will move to North Dakota.

The Quanah (Tex.) Chamber of Commerce wants esti¬
mates on the cost of a brick making plant.

A brick plant to cost $100,000 will be located at Sa-
pulpa, Okla. A. Kentner is now in charge of the work.

The South Webster (O.) Clay Products Co., increased
its capital stock from $100,000 to $1,000,000. W. E. Tripp
is president, and E. B. Blair, secretary and treasurer.

The Washington Brick, Lime and Mfg. Co., Spokane,
Wash., will resume operations with 250 men at their
lime works at Sprindale.

The new plant of Sherman Brady, near the Hill Street
Bridge at Houston, Texas, is now in operation. Five
new kilns will be built with a capacity of 435,000 brick.

The Low Art Tile Works on Broadway. Chelsea,
Mass., has been sold to Samuel Freudenberg of Boston,
and he will tear down some of the buildings and erect
apartments.

The contract for the construction of four large kilns
at the Bloomfield (Ind.) Vitrified Brick and Tile Co.
plant has been let to Charles E. Watts of Brazil. Other
improvements will be made to the plant.

Dutton Realty and Construction Co., New York, has
been incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. Object, to
deal in brick and building material. Incorporators are

V. M. Dutton, T. H. Roxbury, G. S. de Heirapoles, all of
New York City.

A charter has been issued to the West Virginia Clay
Products Co., of Charleston, W. Va. The works will be
near Charleston. The capital stock is $200,000. The in¬
corporators are W. E. Caldwell, Walter E. Caldwell, J.

W. Jenkins, R. H. Yates and A. H. Robinson of Louis¬
ville, Ky., and J. H. Highbaugh of Sonoro, Ky.

The Southern Fire Brick and Clay Co., Montezuma,
Ind., has shipping instructions for fifteen car loads daily
but shortage of cars proves a serious problem.

The Kenilworth (Ohio) Brick Works which have been
idle since May for want of orders has resumed operations
for the balance of the year. The plant is owned by Porter

Bros.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston FISKE & CO., InC., New York

The United Brick Co., Conneaut. O., has closed a con¬
tract for 2,000,000 paving brick for the city of Erie, Pa.

The Melvin (O.) Brick and Tile Co., is now under full
working head and will soon have a stock of brick and
tile for the market.

The American Encaustic Tiling Co., Zanesville, O., are
building an addition to their plant 87x160 feet, and will
build four additional kilns.

The New Jersey Brick Co., 54 Wall St., New York, has
been incorporated with $2,000 capital stock. Incorpo¬
rators are are John G. Hogan, Harry C. Belmore, and
Frank H. Parcells, all of the above address.

The demands for their brick have caused the Weston
(Oregon) Brick Works to put on an extra crew to be
able to meet the present demands and the early spring-
trade.

Herman Suer, Station H, Cincinnati, O., has purchased
thirty-two acres of land in Rossmoyne. O., on which to
start a brick yard. He will handle his product by rail
instead of wagon delivery.

The United Clay Companys, New York, has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
C. A. Wilkins, 20 Broad St., H. Jaquary, 116 Nassau St.,
and A. G. Duyster of 158 Broadway, New York City.

The Cimarron (N. Mex.) Brick and Tile Co., are plan¬
ning to put stock on the market and to install a modern
dry press brick plant using the shale recently discov¬
ered.

The Lanius Brick Co., Abilene, Texas, is now turn¬
ing out the first brick at their plant which was com¬
pleted a short time ago. They have 42 acres of shale 200
feet in depth.

- FOR-

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

I lie Jeanette (Pa.) Brick and Stone Company lias been
incorporated with $5,000 capital stock.

A. F. Feumer, of St. Cloud, Minn., will start a lar«e

brick yard at Royalton.

S. M. Baugh, Etowah, Tenn., has installed on complete
new outfit in his brick yard.

The Ft. Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Cov will build
sixteen down-draft kilns as soon as the brick can be made
for them.

The Diamond Coal and Clay Co., Wellsville, O., has
been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock by W. E.
Smith and others.

The Harris Kaolin Co., has been incorporated at Port¬
land, Maine, with $1,000,000 capital stock. C. E. Eaton
is president and C. G. Trott, treasurer.

The Plymouth Clay Products Co., Ft. Dodge, la., made
a very creditable exhibit at the State Fair held at Des
Moines, Iowa.

The new brick company at Leavenworth, Kansas, is
behind with their orders. Leavenworth can use three
times as many brick as they can make.

The brick plant of the United States Coal and Coke
Co., located at Oran, McDowell Co., W. Va., which has
been idle for eighteen months has resumed operations.

The Brooksville, (Fla.) Brick Company is now turn¬
ing out 300,000 brick weekly. R. L. Davis is the general
manager.

Al. Mathern has bought J. T. Nesbit’s interests in the
Traer (la.) Brick and Tile Works and is now the sole
owner. Mr. Nesbit and family will move to Colorado.

Owensboro and Whitesville citizens are organizing a
company to build a brick and tile factory at Whitesville,
Ky.

Mr. Rustin has accepted the position as assistant man¬
ager of the Northern Michigan Brick and Tile Co.’s plant
at St. Ignace, Mich.

The Grand Ledge Clay Products Co.’s factory at Grand
Ledge, Mich., is unusually busy and the plant is being
run to its fullest capacity. One order for 75 carloads of
conduits is being filled.

The Standard Brick Co., New York City, has been in¬
corporated in Delaware with $300,000 capital stock. The
incorporators are P. K. Stauff, F. F. Wright and G. O.
Dean, 81 Nassau St., New York.

James Brown of Iola, Kansas, recently purchased the
machinery of the brick plant at LaHarpe and is locating
it at Waverly, Oklahoma, where he is locating a large
plant.

The Barry Brick Works at Atchison, Kansas, are to be
equipped with electrical power, a 150 horse power will
be installed ; also a small 15 horse power motor. The
change will cost $2,000 to install.

The Menlo Park Tile Works which recently was de¬
stroyed by fire was fully covered by insurance and the
plant will soon be rebuilt.

Wm, M. Evart, the New England manager of the Na¬
tional Fire Proofing Co., is making arrangements to open
up a works at the old brick works on Parker Street, New-
buryport, Mass.

Frank Berryman is now in charge of the John T.
Hutler brick yards at Denison. Wash.

The head office of the Buff Brick and Mfg. Co., is to be
removed from N.eodesha to the plant at Altoona, Kansas.

Councilman J. J. Riner has accepted the management
of the Star Brick Co.’s works at Nowata, Okla., recently
incorporated with $25,000 capital.

Justice Thompkins has signed an order directing that
the property of the Bartlett Brick Co., Newburgh, N. Y.,
be sold and the company closed up.

Captain James Pelham .is now the general manager
of the Ouachita Coal and Clay Products Co.’s plant at
V ersailles, Mo. S. W. Tate, resigned.

The Hanrahan Brick and Ice Co., of Kingston, N. Y.,
has been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock by W.
E. Hanrahan of Saugerties and others.

1 he Ottumwa (la.) Brick and Construction Co., at the
present time are very busy with large orders for brick,
pottery and stoneware.

Ivorf Brothers, Rosebud, Mo., are burning brick of ex¬
cellent quality. They recently shipped a large order to
Owensville.

The Plymouth Clay Products tCo., Ft. Dodge, la., will
erect an $8,000 clay shed at their plant. 8,000 tons can
be stored in it at one time.

Buffaioe & Hewitt, Marion, N. C., have installed a
complete brickmaking outfit.

The Nansemond River Brick and Tile Co., Norfolk,
Va., have installed an automatic cutting table in their
plant and otherwise increased its capacity.

The Lexington (Tex.) Brick and Tile Co., has recently
been organized with $7,500 capital and ordered machin¬
ery for 20,000 brick per day capacity. Plant is expected
to be in operation in October.

The Maryland Clay Products Co., capital stock $250,-
000 has been incorporated by S. L. Stadelman and R.
Barker, Ardmore, Pa., and W. Lyle of Belmont Heights,
Marayunk, Pa.

E. F. Wayland & Co., Monadnock Bid., San Francisco,
Cali., are offering stock of the California Pressed Brick
Co., of Niles, Cali., for sale to investors looking for some¬
thing good.

The Southern Brick Co., has been incorporated with
$15,000 capital stock by T. E. Simmons of Fulton Co.,
Ga., W. L. Pethel of Ben Hill Co., and William E.
Withers.

The Ferris Paving Brick Co., have completed the in¬
stalling of a 42,000 brick per day capacity brick machine
in their Mechanicsville, N. Y., plant, thus doubling the
capacity of the plant.

Work will be started at once on the building of a $100,-
000 brick plant at Pawhuska, Okla. Mr. Tucker of Cha-
nute, Kansas, is at the head of the company which ob¬
tained -the lease of the shale beds on the Indian Reser¬
vation.

The Lake Union Brick Co., has bought a complete
brick making plant to manufacture 30,000 brick daily
from R. N. Bond, the Northwest agent of the C. W. Ray¬
mond Co., of Dayton, O. His office is in the Pioneer
Bldg., 'Seattle, Wash.

C?L>«Y R^CQl^D-

3 l

FOR SALE

OnePenfield power Repress in first-classcondition,
capacity 10,1)00 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

WANTED

One go id second hand Housing for Stevenson 9
foot dry pan, 2 pieces. Address,

BOX 52.

Hyndman, Pa.

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A ceuveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the .lames River, 90 miles from Richmond.
18 miles to Newport News, and 4(1 mile to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boais. Want to see plant in
operation. Therefore would make veiy eas\ terms.
Address MRS. AGNES I.. TURNER,

Ferguson’s Wharf James River. Va.

FOR SALE

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 314 1° 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L- FINK,
Bricelyn, Minn

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record. Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY

Ohio .State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features iddress

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of a
large brick works-Or the'planniiig and building of a
large plant. Twenty years experience with all
kinds of clays and shales and all processes from mud
to dry process j-ards. All styles of wood, coal and
gas kilns. Understands the business thoroughly
from clay pit to office work. Also competent in
Sewer pipe and architectural Terra Cotta Manufac¬
ture. Address Brick Yard Supt.

Office 56, No. 84 " ashitigtou St.

Chicago, Ill.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago. Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Sand-lime brick manufacturer, 15 years experience,
highest references, wants position as Manager or
Superintendent of a sand-lime brick plant. Capable
to build a plant, to run it and to make it pay. If you
cannot make money now call upon me.

Address ‘'SAND-LIME,'’

Care of Clay Record, Chicago. Ill.

FOR SALE

Klfht »n<1 left-hand One, T»o and Three Way
‘Switches, of va' Pius gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS CAR * MFG. CO.,

Cleveland. Ohio.

CL Y FOR SALE

Tell us what kind of Clay is wanted; we may have
it in our line.

Industrial Commission, Soo Ry.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

A BAGAIN

1 E. M. Freese Automatic Cutter, Cost f600; good
as new; will sell for $300.

1 American ( lay Working Machinery Co. Clay
Crusher, g 'od condition, $ 0 '.

1 No. 8 Penfield ruger Brick Machine, capacity
25 ('OD to 30.000 per day

83 Roller Bearing Iron Dryer Cars, decks 3 ft. by
6 ft 8 in., in good condition, $5.00 each.

This machinery is all in good condition and I am
offering it at little above scrap prices
If interested write,

Jas. F. Du Bois.

Bellaire, Ohio.

WANTED

A practical brick and tile man to take the
management of a brick and tile plant and invest
some money. No tile plant within 100 miles Can¬
not supp y’the demand. Everything up-to-date in
machinery, dryers, kilns, etc. Located in Michigan.

Adddress ‘MICHIGAN” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, lnd.

DRYER CARS

We have on hand a lot of secoud hand single and
doub e deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-l
condition. We offer them at a very low price for
quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill

WANTED

Superintendent of Combined Dry Press and Stiff
Mud Yard. Capacity about 60.000' Best equipped
plant in the south. "Want high grade experienced
man; married man preferred. Right salary to right
man.

GULF STATE BRICK CO.

Beaumont, Texas.

WANTED

A young or middle aged man, of habits, strictly
good, honest and reliable, one who is experienced
in the manufacture of clay products and also able
to handle correspondence pertaining thereto, and
the use of machinery for the manufacture thereof,
for position in sales department of reliable mach¬
inery manufacturer. In reply to this advertisement
state salary that would be expected and give several
references as to ability and character. Address.

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders aud pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire clay proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

"LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

Ii bitter made, cut iron
S8 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.

Paper Jogger* quoted. Sold by all dealer*.

R. A. HART. 41 White St. BATTLE CREEK. MICH-

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fire
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M., Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE

I have a nice little Brick and Tile Plant that sup¬
plies a local trade of 500,000 to 80b 000 Brick
and 100.000 Tile, 7 acres of fine red burning clay. New
6 room dwelling, new 40 H P. Plngine, 65 H. P. Boiler,
Frost make Frost Dry Pan, Brewer Mill, Automatic
cutter, Hoisting drum. Steel track, everything in
first-class running condition. No debt. Sheds and
Buildings newly roofed. 2 good down draft kijns,
Stiff mud pallets for 100,000 brick, premises newly
fenced with ‘‘American Field.” Good pasture and
fine for truck, right in town. $12,000 would scarcely
replace it. Will take $IF00 cash, $2,000 down, time
on rest. Would consider an exchange for small
well improved property at its low cash value. If
this looks right to you come and see it, no time to
fool away in correspondence.

C. A. ZANDER,

Rushville, Ill.

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities iu Ohio

Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

I have a Brick and Tile Plant costing $20,000, Elec¬
tric Power, Steam Dryer.' Make soft mud aud stiff
mud brick and drain tile. I want a man with a few
thousand dollars to take one-half interest in the
business If you are looking for a good chance to
get into business by investing at 50 cents on the
dollar, address

J. J. MILLER.

Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO..

Troy. N. Y.

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20.1 0 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

Cl -KV RECORD.

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
_ PRESSURE.

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

OFFICE; MONGER BLDG.

40/ Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick.

Elkhart, Indiana

THE BOSS SYSTEM of BURNING

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative (or scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

ao5 MPW VODK’ **. o. Bo*
Pearl Stroot TV I WKA 1712

♦

Twenty long;
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

C. K, WILLIAMS & CO.

EASTON. PA.

BRICK ARC MORTAR

COLORING

'Vront ncJD Re AR View or TYPE 'S' RUST CL RY REEDER * N)JXER"

Don’t Let Your Profits Run Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 per- year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

Write today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

The Marion Flue Blower, (patented February 23. 1909)
will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of
steam hose: it will enable you to clean your boiler while
ineommision. The accompanying cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time. We furnish different sizes as required,
and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean.

Please send' for our latest catalog fnlly describing this
useful invention.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO., - Marion, Inndiana

CLAY RECORD.

Model “B” Dry Press

Roofing Tile Press

Special Giant Brick Machine

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill

No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

Eagle Repress

No. 65 Auger Brick Machine

*05 RSCORft

.v7

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

I ' 1 1 ■ I I j ■ HI ■ | HH * I HI H HIHHHH Hi HHHH H I HHHHB * IBS&H&S 5 ™

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

Sewer Pipe Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

9 Foot Dry Pan

Dry Cars

Disintegrators

Blower Dryer Apparatus

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

Winding Drums

C* LWY RlfeGOR O.

Fire Brick - Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large Stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

■■I*..**. AWW A A A AAAArfhrfW

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of d vantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 1 4,
1903 and September 8. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St.. Norfolk. Va.

►

y-yy tyt wv 'V'' "*Wr V V V V

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manuiacturers

Utica, N. Y.

;

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30* to 60* less Speed, and 25* to 50* less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAT FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving: Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

A elite 410 J accard Bldg., ST. LOUI5, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis. 36 TaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.

I,indrooth. Shubart & Co.. Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

CLHY RECORD.

3«

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS j

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed. ■

ENGINES— Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42 2

Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc. 2

E.NGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14>(x •

16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10 ■

Fisher, 9„'4xl2 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES— Throttling— 16x24 Erie. 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x 1 6 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer, J
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S. •
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc. ■

BOILERS— Stationary- 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand- ■
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12, J
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Eire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, ■

12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc. 2

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,. 2

5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed. J

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex. ■

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks, 2

etc. Write for list. •

Also fu I assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ‘‘Leader” Injectors S
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars. 2

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBUR8, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running

Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works v

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

1 1 M ■ Min | ———II—

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

CLHY RECORD.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

THIS HAYDEN CLAY CRUSHER

Masssive and 'well proportioned.
Best material.

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mullers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick .
cBuilt to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship .

Send for descriptive matter.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market .

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTLER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision ol Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United State«, and we defy contradiction.

I _

OPUIIDC Perfected
OUnUnO Oil Burners

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

w'th handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The "Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

style No. 4.

. The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rl^d- (Patented.)

CLHY RECORD.

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STILES, OHIO

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

ALL STYLES

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Gi_AY KfcCORD,

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. -'•* Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer rto turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes, Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

\ v ts' *-

Type No. 2 Shovel— Pioneer Fireproofing Co., Ottawa, Ill.

Especially adapted for brickyard require--
ments. The shovel operates in a complete
circle, enabling material to be delivered at side
or in rear at will. The Dipper is hung from a
horizontally moving carriage and can be adiust-
ed to cut to any desired level.

; : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

• i A

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORCINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

OFFICE AND SHOPS 1335 SLOAN STREET onc.&n.w. ry. CHICAGO

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE

If m SATISFACTION
Sft/i 1 THROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

MODEL SAND DRYER

YARD SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS
BUILT f~1
RIGHT H

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK WBBH

MOULDS

THAT

ARE

BU,LT 1
FOR

HARD HB

USAGE §115,

TRUCKS

W £ BUILD DRY OR WET PINS 5-7 OR 9-Ff. WRITE US

STYLE *P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE “P" BRICK MACHINE

LANCASTER, PENNA., U. S. A

I THE
HEHRYMAfir|
BRICK

Mf&.CO,

$ fdH<|0 KjSdtJ WQnidljJ iticJO^ $

CLHY RECORD.

THE

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699109
October 10, 1906. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

THE HENRY

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFC.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

A HcJOMQclOSdffiHl Q21h<||>(0 i

Silicate Brick Made by the

“Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

international Sand-Lime Brick £» Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Eactories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly -
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick

Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

T5/>q

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

V v

No. 217-E

Electric Side Dump Car.

No. 145

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 Tt. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 -A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

CARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

Heavy Double Deck Car
Patent Malleable Iron Uprights.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car

tlas Car and Mfg. Co.

C&EVE&AND, OHIO

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry.Car.

r'~*2r_L

[91:36

. i

.. ■•-« •

gv"-

■

v • *

irf.

;;• .. :-j* *1?« «*•

■l. ■ A * _.v

>crv

ft ,**v '.

*•-

•o^ /,

'?:$* t :

‘ - v

^ \ t/-. <Vt

v,.: - 1

■rV

■ -'■• &

••Vt ■■• .» -<•

THE Di66EMiNA
1 6F ALL MATTERS
* PERTAiHinG

TQ THE —

JL/vr

xet*1

per

3°

"v9°9

■6'

^ . JT~-rr-iv-

NDUSTBM

The Preparation of Surface Clays

Glass Bricks Now Used in Building . • • • 15

Interests of the Architect and of the Brick Maker Drn"wi.W 1®

Together as Modern Construction Developed Drawmg Closer
Concession in Venezuela for Tile Factory P -18

Clay-Preparing Machinery . 3 • ’ ’ • ■ • 19

The Minneapolis Sewer Pipe Works . 20

Pacific* Coast CNew8*tems°f tG the Cla>' Manufacturer . g

Contract for $1,000,000 Furnace . . . . 23

Brick to Succeed Macadam Roads . . . . 23

Brick Demand Below Normal in New York Citv .

Obituary .... j • • • • • • • t.6

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! . . . £1

Branch Manager Arrested as Embezzler . 2Z

Accidents, Damages and Dosses . 2/

1 he Raymond Co. Purchases the Horton Mfg ‘co Plan* ' ‘ ' ' V,

Vedersburg Co Gets Contract for IndianapoUs Speedway . Z

Big Company Goes Into Bankruptcy . speeaway ... 28

Pire Did Great Damage to Denver Plant . 28

oSSrSS pK a“cSmnb“eC'”,'“ *“* ^ MU, ' ' ' ! ’ ' 1

More Cities Could Pattern After Sedalia . 29

McUane Brick Co. Making Great Success
Jersey City Building Creates Brick Famine

Brick Manufacture in Mexico .

vnarf RrtSi’OIiTCon^pnny^Has freest Plant’ in World . ™

\ork Brick Men Have Consolidated .

Canadian Cement Co. to Acquire Stock ’ ' . 22

Pottery News Items .... * * • 30

Miscellaneous Items . . . 31

. * . 31

> .

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY,

DAYTON. OHIO. U. S. A.

S K

I The Andrus Brick Press i?

M — — — ft

§ Makes Brick Every Day i

8 ■ ■■ - ft

8 ft

IP- 5 ' g

8 g

K &

ffl M

ft Been doing it 20 years. jg

jg Strong Simple and Capable. ^

|5 24 in operation in St. Louis District. S

8 H

8 ft

8 85

g ft

8 8

« 8

8 ®

8 85

~ 85

8 ■ 85

8 _ . . „ „ . ~ 85

8
85

8
8

„ 85

888888888888888888888888888888

Scott Manufacturing Co.

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

ST. LOUIS - - MISSOURI

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRES5

Built in Two, Four and Six=Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four-Mold Sizes

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

ChlSHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

ULHY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE j

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

. . . . . . . . . i

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery

Company

Sizes

29"

56"

42"

50"

THE FERNHOLTZ CLAY PULVERIZER

Fitted

with

Adjustable

Pins

If you want
to make a
FACE BRICK
you need it.

A GOOD MIXER IS ALWAY. APPRECIATED

Makes Your
Brick
Uniform

TKe Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company,

Boyle Avc, and Old Manchester Road, St. Louis, Mo.

CLKY RECORD

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross- Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING. - - - - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

, ... Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

C. M. FREESE & COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION - - - OHIO

CLKY RECORD.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Potts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

H ARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTABLY
SECURED

\3ggf

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

! Built to Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLAY RECORD.

hambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, Ill.

GLHY RECORD.

CLAY CBLJSIItiaS

Brewer Crushers are built ini a great variety of kinds and sizes. There
are Conical Roll Crushers, Straight Roll Crushers, Beaded Roll Crushers,
Disintegrators, Compound Disintegrator Crushers and Dry Pans. All in
two or more sizes and high=grade construction.

Do you know about Brewer crusher Rolls with removable white-iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white-iron shells. The gears are 5% in face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications IfMarked

(*) n. Brewer & Co. <®>

ItS Good TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It’s (iood

GLKY RECORD.

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used with Same

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Tfce most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

CAR MADE
CAR

STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER
USED W I T T H E [G U I L D E R

THE

Entered as Second-Class Matter January 25, 1893, at the Post Office at Chicago Ill., under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. No. 6.

CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 30, 1909

Semi-Monthly, fl.tO per Tear
Single Copies, - !• Cents

THE PREPARATION OF SURFACE CLAYS.*
By Permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey

A. V. Bleininger, Pittsburg, Pa.

Continued from last issue.

Another point in connection with the burning of lime
clays might be mentioned. Although clays of this kind
contain usually a considerable amount of iron oxide
which we know to be the source of the usual red color of
bricks, yet these materials do not burn red. but assume a
buff or cream color, which, when carried to vitrification
changes to green. This is due to the fact that lime un¬
dergoes some chemical reaction with the iron which
makes the red color. It is very easy to prove this point
by extracting the lime from the clay by means of some
weak acid. On burning the clay thus treated it will be
found to burn red.

Lime, no matter whether fine or coarse, affects the dry¬
ing properties of clays favorably. This is due to the fact
that the limestone is non-plastic and acts like so much
sand. The drying necessarily is affected more favorably
by the somewhat coarser grains than by the extremely
fine particles.

Again resuming our study of the residue remaining on
the sieve we observe still another kind of mineral parti¬
cles which are conspicuous for their well-defined crystal¬
line development and by their softness. We may find
fragments or even large crystals of beautiful symmetry,
which are easily cut with a knife. A simple chemical ex¬
amination will show that this mineral is gypsum. It is
a hydrous sulphate of lime.1 This mineral, however, is
usually not found in such large amounts as the limestone
or fine lime, although there are cases in wlr’ch several
per cent, of it may be present. In drying, this material
behaves something like any other non-plastic substance,
but owing to its small amount exerts no special effect.
In burning, unlike the carbonate of lime, it is not a flux
in the sense of the latter since it is not decomposed by
heating, owing to the fact that sulphuric acid is united
powerfully with the lime and cannot be expelled at the
temperatures within reach of the brickmaker. The re¬
sult is that these particles of gypsum remain as inert ma¬
terial and do not become active in the vitrification of the
clay. However, it is by no means a harmless constituent.
Gypsum is soluble to the extent of one part in about 440
parts of water. In making up the clay with water in the
pugging process some of this gypsum is dissolved and the
dissolved salt during the drying process is carried to the

♦Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association

surface of the ware. There it will remain as a wet crust
which is not removed by burning. Of course, the extent
to which this takes place depends upon the amount of
gypsum present, the character of the clay, and the length
of drying. Furthermore, the undissociated sulphate of
lime present in the burnt brick on coming in contact with
the water which' seeps into the brick while in a building
v ill in time leach out to the surface. In this case we have
a common case known as "whitewash." and it is the gyp¬
sum which is at the bottom of this difficulty. If enough
gypsum is present in the clay it may even be injurious to
the strength of the brick, inasmuch as the dissolved salt
may concentrate in one part of the brick or the tile and
crystallize out in that portion. On crystallizing it will
increase in volume and this volume change may give rise
to spalling similar to the action of the lime. Nearly all
of the whitewash we observe in our buildings is sulphate
cf lime, and hence where clean colors are desired, it is ob¬
vious that a clay should be used as low in this compound
as possible. In many clays the amount of this constit¬
uent is so great as to prohibit their use for the manufac¬
ture of face brick.

Let us now examine into the material which has passed
the 200-mesh sieve. The first thing we observe is the fact
that it is much more plastic and sticky than the sediments
retained in the sieve. At the same time we notice that it
is of a more uniform red color, showing that the iron ox¬
ide, which is the cause of the red burning clay, is dis¬
tributed throughout the mass and appears to be present
in a finely divided state. Closer examination still reveals
also the presence of a considerable amount of fine sand
and perhaps also of some of the mineral already discussed.
We could bring about a still further classification or
sizing by carrying out the so-called “mechanical" analy¬
sis, and in this way we would finally obtain a sediment
which would be composed of the real plastic constituent
of clay in as undiluted a state as it is possible to obtain
it. These very fine sediments therefore constitute the
plastic base of clay. But let us not assume that we are
here dealing with a definite material. No matter how
completely we carry out the separation of these verv
of an aggregate of plastic jelly-like particles admixed
finest grains we shall still observe that they are made up
with microscopic grains of sand and minerals. Of course
this fine sediment will show far greater plasticity and
shrinkage than the clay as a whole. What then consti¬
tutes the character of this plastic base? Evidently the
peculiar fact of plasticity is inherent in the physical con¬
stitution of this aggregate. It is jelly-like and has been

It)

OLAY H!£«OOH:U-

called “colloidal” since it is very similar to many jelly-
like substances found in nature or artificial compounds
to which the term “colloid” is applied. We are here deal¬
ing with a cellular structure resembling very much the
structure of a sponge and which, similar to the latter, ab¬
sorbs water and holds it between the particles with great
tenacity. The more of this colloidal material a clay con¬
tains, the more plastic it is said to be. This is indicated
also by the greater amount of water required to pug a
plastic clay. We know from experience that the more
plastic a clay is the more water will be required to make
it workable, and this may serve as a rough guide in es¬
timating the amount of the colloidal clay substance.
Likewise, this clay base holds on to its water very vigo¬
rously, even after being heated to the boiling point of
water. Thus we may determine approximately the
amount of this plastic substance by finding the weight of
water which is retained at temperatures above 212° Fah¬
renheit.

Since we are here dealing with a cellular structure in
which the capillaries are extremely fine, it is reasonable
to suppose that the drying is bound to be rendered more
difficult; the more of this clay base is present in the clay
and the more plastic the latter is. This may be carried to
such a degree that it may be almost impossible to dry a
clay without checking or cracking since the strain pro¬
duced by forcing the water through the extremely fine
capillaries is so great that the material does not possess
sufficient strength to withstand it. Hence, the difficulty
of drying exceedingly fine grained plastic clays which is
known to every clayworker. Speaking from the practical
standpoint a well-working clay ought to contain only so
much of this plastic and colloidal constituent as to ce¬
ment the grains of sand and other minerals together and
to sustain the load placed upon the ware in the kiln.
When this is the case little trouble is experienced in the
drying and in the water smoking. Very plastic clays
give considerable trouble during the water smoking and
we are often only too prone to neglect this important
point. We are very apt to hasten the water smoking,
during which process the hygroscopic water, that is, the
water which is driven off at a temperature above the boil¬
ing point, is expelled. Failure to water smoke exceed-
ingly plastic clays carefully will cause great strain in the
body of the ware owing to the violent expulsion of the
water inclosed in the cells of the colloidal substance. The
result then is a weakened or rotten structure, which is in¬
dicated by the absence of ring.

As to the effect of this plastic clay base in burning we
must realize that it is the true hardening and cementing
mixture. It is the one which gives us the desired strength
and which furnishes the principal part of the clay bring¬
ing about vitrification. At the same time it also gives the
clay its red color unless it is masked by the presence of
an excessive amount of fine lime.

In regard to determining without actual trial whether
or not a clay sufficiently plastic to flow through dies
properly or whether it possesses this property in a suf¬
ficient degree for other forms of moulding, we have as
vet no fixed test. Of course, some idea of the plasticity
of clay may be obtained by the feel of it, its drying
shrinkage, the amount of water taken and held in a plas¬
tic state; but we have no means of determining the de¬
gree of plasticity accurately and expressing it by means
of a numerical value. Several methods have been sug¬
gested, such as the absorption of coloring agents by clays,
the determination of the viscosity of clay slips, the ten¬
sile strength of plastic and a dry clay, etc., but the subject
has not as yet been covered thoroughly.

The clay substance may also assume a variety of mod¬
ifications by virtue of the geological changes to which it

has been subjected. Thus we have clays of the type of
the joint clay, common in Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota
and other states in which glacial action has produced a
structure which is excessively colloidal and at the same
time appears to have certain lines of cleavage which are
almost cubical in their arrangement. Clays of this type
cause a great deal of trouble to many manufacturers.

In the preparation of clay for the manufacture of clay
wares it is the purpose to reduce the clay to a condition
in which it may be worked easily in a machine, dried safe¬
ly and burned to a hard product. While with normal
clays this is not a difficult task, trouble is experienced
with many of the materials in which one or the other of
the mineral constituents of clay is in excess throwing the
character of the clay out of balance. In this connection
we might consider this subject under the following heads :

1 st, clays with an excess of coarse sand and other mineral
debris; second, clays with an excess of fine sand ; third,
clays with an excess of lime, either coarse or fine ; fourth
clays with an excess of plastic base or with inherent
excessive plasticity ; fifth, clays containing too much gyp¬
sum.

1. The glacial clays of Wisconsin only too often con¬
tain coarse rock of all sorts, from granite boulders to peb¬
bles of limestone or sandstone. It is not difficult to re¬
move the larger material by hand picking, but the dif¬
ficulty is met with in dealing with irregular pieces from
the size of the fist down to pebbles of walnut size coated
over by moist clay. The question is what kind of me¬
chanical treatment should be adopted in such cases. As a
rule the clay as it comes from the bank is too wet to be'
worked economically by the dry pan, or the hammer dis¬
integrator, and the larger pieces of hard rock would make
the use of the latter machine too risky. The roll crusher
would be the most available machine for this purpose, but
it also is not a satisfactory apparatus for many clays,
since the ordinary stone separator used in connection with
it is very unsatisfactory. The difficulty might be met
by the use of very powerful rolls which are not yet em¬
ployed in the clay industry. In Europe an attempt is
made to meet these difficulties by using a machine which
forces the clay through gratings which retain the coarse
material, allowing the clay and finer sand to pass through
it. The coarse material collected is discharged at inter¬
vals by opening a door on the side of the machine. An¬
other way of preparing these materials employed in Ger¬
many and France consists in the use of a heavy wet pan
provided with large slits through which the clay is forced,
while the coarse material is retained in the pan and must
be discharged when the bulk becomes too great for op¬
erating the machine.

Right here is the place where new devices and machines
might be adopted. A promising apparatus used extensive¬
ly in the cement industry and only to a limited extent in
the clay industry is the rotary drier. It is simply a rotat¬
ing iron tube about 40 ft. long and slightly inclined, the
clay being fed in at the upper and a furnace located at the
lower end. The clay is dried by the heat of the gases of
the furnace. The drier of this type will have a capacity
of about 15 tons of clay per hour, and would require
about 5,000 lbs. of coal per day of 10 hours. The power
consumption would be from 8 to 12 horse power, and the
cost of the apparatus including installation would proba¬
bly be somewhat above $4,000. The treatment of the
dried clay would be a far simpler proposition than the
preparation of the moist material. This drier might be
followed by a modified disintegrator with hinge bars re¬
volving within a shell composed of coarse screen plates.
The action of this machine would be to whip the dry clay
off the stones and pebbles and at the same time to allow
of the ready removal of the coarse material. It could be

OLAY RECOHu,

operated either periodically, the pebbles being removed
by tilting the cylinder and opening the hinge door, or con¬
tinuously making the cylinder longer and feeding and dis¬
charging the clay and pebbles uninterruptedly. In some
cases the gravel removed in this way might be made a
source of revenue by selling it as gravel for concrete
work. After leaving this machine the clay would then be
conveyed to a regular disintegrator, thence to a screen,
and finally to the pug mill. It might be said that such a
plant would cost much more money than the usual equip¬
ment for a soft or stiff-mud plant. This is undoubtedly
true, but the advantages gained would be :

1. Production of a better quality of ware;

2. Independence of weather conditions;

3. More uniform conditions of manufacture.

Such a procedure is about the only way of utilizing cer¬
tain clays which otherwise would be out of the question.

Where a clay contains an excessive amount of sand
which appears in various sizes of grain, it is frequently
possible to improve the clay by drying, disintegrating and
screening it in such of the machines as are on the market
today, thus removing a certain amount of coarser sand.

2. If the sand is fine enough to pass that smallest per¬
missible size of screen and the amount of it so large that
it seriously impairs the working quality of the clay, mak¬
ing it too lean, we are confronted with a more difficult
proposition as, in this caie, there is no practical way of
removing the sand since the slumming process is out of
the question in a climate such as we have in the State of
Wisconsin.

This fine sand will give trouble in making stiff-mud
brick and in drying. If the difficulty occurs in moulding
the brick, the stiff-mud process may have to be aban¬
doned, and either the soft-mud or the dry-press process
adopted. If the drying results in loss we shall have to
carry on the drying with the greatest care by keeping our
hacks or sheds well protected from the wind or the sun
and thus drying more slowly, or by using a long tunnel
drier in which the steaming zone is extended considerably
over the usual length. In very troublesome cases the pe¬
riodic or chamber drier, such as the old Bucyrus and
other driers, must be employed, in which the drying pro¬
cess is under absolute conti ol. Again the adoption of the
dry-press process might in r.ome cases solve the problem
most satisfactorily.

3. As we have seen above, the carbonate of lime may
be present in clay either in the form of pebbles or as an
exceedingly fine material, or in both conditions.

We must either remove the pebbles or we must include
them by fine grinding. The pebbles may be removed, as
has been suggested, for the rock debris, or they may be
crushed so fine that at least the trouble caused by the
bursting and spalling of the brick is done away with.
Wherever possible a combination of the two should be
adopted, removing as many of the coarser pebbles as pos¬
sible. and grinding the remaining ones, so that they will
give no difficulty. In this case no compromise should be
made. If grinding is done, it should be done thoroughly.
Probably the simplest procedure in this case would be to
dry the clay and then crush it in the dry pan, followed
by screening. By the use of such a thorough method of
separation the problem of handling calcareous clays
would be solved in such a way that a high-class product
could be produced, and at the same time the troubles of
the manufacturer practically eliminated. The fact should
be emphasized also that a shed for storing clay is of the
greatest possible value to every brick plant as far as qual¬
ity and uniformity of the products is concerned, to say
nothing of the benefit derived from having clay stored
ahead in larger quantities. Every brickmaker realizes
how surface clays differ in composition and physical

properties even for short distances. For instance, if we
have a 6-ft. deposit of clay low in lime and say 3 ft. of a
more calcareous clay, and it is not possible to separate
them, it is exceedingly important that the two clays be
thoroughly mixed so that the more limey clay really does
not represent more than one-third of the entire clay. On
working directly from the bank it happens only too often
that the limey portion at some time or another makes up
a far larger proportion of the brick than it really repre¬
sents in the bank. All the properties of the brick 'in man¬
ufacture would vary accordingly. If we keep as large a
stock pile of clay in the shed as possible, spreading the
clay brought in from the bank in layers and working
straight down through the pile, we could be reasonably
sure of working with an average clay mixture and hence
no abnormal variations in results need be feared.

4. Sometimes the brick manufacturer is obliged to use
a surface clay which is so exceedingly plastic that it gives
trouble in drying. An example of this we observe in the
so-called “joint-like” structure, thus bringing about great
loss. Many factories have been compelled to abandon
these clays. In some cases this state of affairs may be
remedied by mixing sand with these clays, although this
is not always possible owing to the great distance to the
nearest bank. In some cases even sand additions do not
help, owing to the fact that the joint structure of the clay
itself is not destroyed and the clay is simply diluted.
Usually these clays may be made workable by weather¬
ing or drying. If these clays are dug in the fall and are
exposed to the frost of one winter they frequently become
quite workable in the spring. Again, by ditching into
this clay so that without digging the bulk of it the
frost will be caused to penetrate sufficiently deep so as
to improve its character. Drying the clay in the air either
outdoors or in sheds improves the behavior of the clay
considerably, though not always sufficiently, but drying
at higher temperatures, for instance at 400 F. has been
found to bring about a radical change in the nature of the
clay so as to make it workable. In one case the drying
loss was reduced from about 30 per cent, to less than V2
per cent. The rotary drier might also be made useful in
this respect, and it may offer a solution to the problem
of working so-called “joint” and similar clays success¬
fully.

5. Clays which show the troublesome and annoying
whitewashing might be helped in this respect by the ad¬
dition of clean sand to the clay, by rapid drying, by coat¬
ing the face of the brick with an impervious combustible
mixture or burning it to a semi or completely vitrified
body. I11 the case of the high-grade bricks, such as face
brick, barium carbonate, or chloride may be added to the
clay.

Sand assists in reducing whitewash by making the clay
more porous, thus accelerating the evaporation of the
water which means, of course, that not so much of the salt
will be carried to the surface in the shorter time. The
same principle is involved in drying rapidly. In some
European plants the face of the column of clay as it is¬
sues from the auger machine is coated with an impervi¬
ous coating like tar, carbolated flour paste, etc., which is
applied automatically, and prevents any evaporation of
water on that, side, and hence also the appearance of
whitewash. This coating burns off in the kiln and leaves
a clean-colored face. Hard burning naturally breaks up
the salts and causes them to be absorbed in the clay by
chemical union, and we need fear no whitewash from vit¬
rified bricks. The use of coal lower in sulphur will great¬
ly contribute towards the elimination of whitewash aris¬
ing during burning, as well as the practice of setting the
bricks in the kiln perfectly dry. The use of barium com¬
pounds in this connection in the mixture of the better

GLfiY RECORD.

grade products is too well known to need further descrip¬
tion.

It might be well in conclusion to discuss the question
of preparing clays from the ideal standpoint. On com¬
paring the chemical composition of our clays with the
composition of granites we find that they are strikingly
alike, and it is 'an ^actual fact that we can convert our
clays into igneous rocks by sufficient heat treatment. But
we can do better than this. We know that granites pos¬
sess a crystalline structure which does not give them
their greatest possible strength. Hence, in producing
a new, almost indestructible material in the shape of our
bricks it is important to make the clays as homogeneous
as possible. We must destroy the original clay structure
and create a more uniform one in its place. Therefore,
our materials should be disintegrated and pugged thor"
oughly. Especially the latter process should be watched
closely, as there is yet a great deal of room for improve¬
ment. If we observe the pugging as carried on in many
yards we are not surprised to see the product succumb
to frost. The clay is forced through the machine so rapid¬
ly that only part of it is really softened, while a portion
remains hard until it goes into the drier. Again, so little
attention is paid to the adjustment and proper repair of
augers and moulds that lamination and other defects oc¬
cur with great frequency. It is, hence, not surprising that
lamination and other structural defects occur which tend
to weaken the product.

The most durable building material known is burnt
clay, but in order to bring out its best qualities and in
order to assert its superiority over concrete our clay
products must be made as well as it is possible for us to
make them. If this is done we need not fear competition
with other structural materials.

GLASS BRICKS NOW USED IN BUILDING

The latest novelty in building materials comes from
Germany, where glass brick for building purposes have
been used with some -measure of success. In Berlin is
constructed a small villa, the walls of which are built of
glass brick of several shades of dark green and blue.

q pg glass brick are especially adapted to construction
where light, cleanliness and neatness are particularly
in demand. In Hamburg they are utilized in place of
windows. They admit light in walls which police regula¬
tions require to be of fireproof and windowless.

In addition to admitting light to dark hallways, rooms,
etc., they are said to possess the same strength as or¬
dinary clay brick. They are also utilized in walls in
yards' and partitions in the interior of houses, salesrooms,
offices, workshops, etc., as. well as for the construction of
verandas, hothouses, kiosks, bathrooms, hospitals, ice fac¬
tories, butcher shops, railroad stations, breweries, stables,
and in other places where cleanliness, light and uniform
temperatures are especially desired.

The brick are also made with a wire coating for fire¬
proof walls. In some of the recently erected buildings
in Milan, Italy, brick made of glass have been adopted
for ground and floors on account of the light obtained.
They are also coming into use for partition work in some
of the hospitals on account of hygienic principles.

In one of the leading banking institutions of the city
of Turin the lobby office floor, which is about 36x58 feet,
is entirely paved with glass brick and laid in iron frames
for the purpose of admitting light into the basement,
where are located numerous private boxes and vaults.
In the Netherlands hollow green transparent glass brick
are used principally for light-giving purposes in machine
shops and conservatories.

INTERESTS OF THE ARCHITECT AND OF THE
BRICK MAKER DRAWING CLOSER TO¬
GETHER AS MODERN CONSTRUC¬
TION DEVELOPS .*

By F. W. Fitzpatrick, Washington, D. C.

Primarily, or perhaps we should say fundamentally,
the brick manufacturer is interested in the material as a
purely commercial proposition. He has invested a cer¬
tain amount in a plant and it is up to him to keep that
plant at its full capacity in order to get therefrom the
greatest return upon his investment. V e, the architects,
are interested in brick as simply a unit, one of many used
in the expression of our ideas, in the materialization of
our designs. In those two basic viewpoints our interests
are dissimilar, but immediately thereafter they draw
closer together. We want the very best thing we can
get, and it. is to the manufacturer’s interest to come as
near supplying that demand as he possibly can. Some
would have us believe that there is inborn antagonism
there, a sort of distrust of each other, the one ever scold¬
ing and demanding something better and the other yield¬
ing just as little as he possibly can. This is the wrong
view. The closer the architect and the manufacturer get
together and train themselves to think with each other,
so to speak, the better is it for them both and for the
buildings, the art that yields them both not only their
bread but the opportunity to develop, to attain eminence.

There were makers of brick at a very remote period in
the history of men, perhaps even before there was any
need of architects. The monuments of stone and of mar¬
ble have decayed, have become utter ruins and the story
they tell us in their hieroglyphics and pictured carvings
are’well nigh obliterated, but the work of the potter, the
maker of tiles and of bricks, has been preserved to us in
almost perfect condition and from far distant times. The
buildings may have crumbled on account of disintegra¬
tion of the mortar used in the joints of such brickwork,
but the clay work itself is intact. See what has been un¬
earthed at Babylon and Ninevah and at Thebes and look
at the splendid work in tile and in brick still standing in
rll its pristine perfection in Persia and Assyria and in
India and in the early Christian examples of architecture
at Byzantium and the other Roman dependencies. Surely
we have precedent enough not only as to how to make
brick that will last, but how we may put these brick to¬
gether in most artistic form in architectural masterpieces.

In ancient times there were rather sharply drawn lines
in the use of materials. Geography and geology had
much to do with the establishment of these demarcations.
In places where stone was found and was easily quarried,
stone, of course, was the most used material; in lhe
neighborhood of great forests wood came easiest to the
hand of man to be fashioned into habitations and shelters,
and then in regions in which neither timber nor stone
was plenty man quickly learned to make unto himself a
building material from the clay of the soil, molding it with
his hands and letting the sun harden it into permanent
form or burning it with the straw and refuse of his culti¬
vated fields. In our own time and land the history of
brick has been most interesting; its career may be said to
have been checkered, but it has succeeded in making a
place for itself that is unassailable and most eminently
respectable. At first in Colonial times it was a luxury
?nd brought here from the mother country at great cost,
and each brick was as precious as a drop of its owner’s
blood and as carefully guarded. The theft of bricks was a
very serious offense indeed and punishable with the se¬
verest penaltv. Then our fathers began to make brick
themselves, rather crude affairs, but, laid up with a wide

♦Read at the 1909 Meeting of the National Brick Manufacturers Association
recently held in Rochester. N. Y.

OLAY RECORD.

joint, the effect was quite artistic. Later, for awhile
everything- had to be of stone. A man must indeed be of
common clay if he abided in but a brick house. Stone
and marble were the proper caper, and if he couldn’t af¬
ford them, why he stuccoed his brick and jointed it up in
beautiful ashlar, or he built of wood, but it was to imitate
stone with joints and everything most painfully copied
In our own times brick was revived; there was a species
of Renaissance, but it was only used for secondary build¬
ings, as we might call them; the really monumental af¬
fairs had to be of granite or stone or marble. But those
secondary or commercial buildings were of more or less
importance, and though we couldn’t afford to make them
of marble or stone or granite, we craved something bet¬
ter than ordinary brick, and so pressed brick came into
vogue. Kilns were carefully picked over and each build¬
ing presented a most uniform appearance, the bricks all
of an exact size, with the narrowest imaginable joint and
of precisely the same shade in color — you can still get ex¬
actly the same effect by whitewashing or kalsomining a
wall surface. It was painfully beautiful. Some thought
that galvanized iron and such ornamentation wasn’t quite
the right thing, and so the brick work was ornamented
per se. Bands of black brick were introduced, little spots
of other color were injected and dog-tooth effects were
everywhere. Then we had molded brick, but the desire
was always to get something that looked as nearly like
stone as possible. We seemed to realize and properly ap¬
preciate that brick was only used as a substitute, some¬
thing cheaper than what we would like to use, and it was
up to us to make it look as much like the real thing as we
could.

It has only been within the last ten years that brick has
really come into its own and has taken its proper place
among the available media architectural. Our architects
have found that granite and stone and marble buildings,
where at all exposed to fire, have been cruelly spalled
and damaged. They realize that in our highly combusti¬
ble cities pretty nearly every building they erect is ex¬
posed to a greater or lesser fire hazard on account of its
neighbors, and they have found that brick best with¬
stands fire. It has also dawned upon them that much ex¬
pression can be obtained with brick, and latterly they
have used the material from preference, selecting it re¬
gardless of price instead of granite or marble or stone !
The old notion of uniformity of color and great exactness
as to shape has given way to the saner adaptation of
rougher forms and varying tints. It is simply surprising
to note the beautiful effects that can be obtained in brick¬
work today. In a stone building elaboration of ornament
and panelings and moldings are necessary or the mass of
a building becomes brutally heavy and uninteresting.
An architect generally fights shy of much plain wall sur¬
face in stone. In brickwork just as great a variation and
seeming elaboration can be obtained, plays of light and
shadow, and at infinitely less cost than the carvinvs and
moldings in the stonework, and at the same time a plain
wall surface is sought for by the artistic designer. If
there is no occasion or reason for his diversifying that
wall in the flat by diaper work an dartistic jointings, the
crude plain wall surface itself is most effective and pret¬
tier far than an equal surface of any other building ma¬
terial : there are finer gradations of ’tint in it than in any
other material save possibly some of the very expensive
foreign marbles, and these latter in large masses weary
the eye.

Usually it has been the architect who created the de¬
mand for certain kinds or forms of materials, but in the
case of artistic brick the manufacturers have taken the in¬
itiative and produced the material first and offered it to

the architect, much to the latter’s pleasant surprise, and
it has taxed him to apply that brick in one-half of its pos¬
sibilities of artistic effect ! There is a rather unfortunate
tendency toward ultra-specialization in materials. The
concrete enthusiast wants his house entirely of concrete.
If he could only get it transparent enough, he would have
it in his windows; the glass people have had in mind a
building entirely of glass, with fittings and furnishings
of glass, everything of glass whether it would best suit
the purpose or not, and so it goes. I believe in a judi¬
cious combination of materials, each one in the place for
which it is best suited, therefore am I not clamoring for
a brick roof, brick downspouts and brick window sash,
but I do believe that there are yet endless, almost un-
thought o"f, possibilities in brick construction that for the
best interests of architecture, let alone the brick manu¬
facturer, we should seek to develop, to bring forth, to dis¬
cover or to perfect.

The way to bring a thing about is to make it interest¬
ing for those whom we are seeking to interest. That
seems to be one of the first principles of life. So, why
would it not be a good idea for the brick manufacturers,
the clayworking associations, to inaugurate a series of
competitions among the architects for artistic effects se¬
cured in brick construction? The Brick Builder has done
this to a certain degree in its splendid competitions for
theatres, libraries and so on entirely of terra-cotta or ter¬
ra-cotta and brick, but what I would like to see would be
the development of problems in domestic architecture.
There is where brick can be used to splendid advantage.
The bigger problems will find themselves, so to speak,
but the brick house of modest dimensions, as well as
that of greater pretensions, is still in embryo. We have
done some mighty effective work in that direction, but it
is here and there and with wide intervals between. What
we ought to have are some competitive designs for nar¬
row front row houses, detached cottages, suburban
houses, etc., etc. Designs' showing how the decoration
and cornices, the “features” of such buildings, can all be
brought out in brickwork. In the present o-der of things
there is too great paucity of expression. In our ordinary
rows of city houses there is a wall with a bay window at
certain intervals and so many holes left for windows.
These openings are capped with stone and there is a gal¬
vanized iron cornice at the top, and there you are. Our
younger architects at least would jump at the chance to
show what they can do with so adaptable a material as is
brick for just such domestic architecture.

If the brick manufacturers will club together to raise
a reasonable amount for a few attractive prizes, I am
sure that through the intermediary of the clay working
journals a most interesting series of competitions can be
brought about, and* with results that will redound to the
greater glory of a material whose potentiality has been
but half developed, and to the advantage of an art that
challenges the best within us.

CONCESSION IN VENEZUELA FOR TILE

FACTORY.

Consul Isaac A. Manning reports from La Guaira that
the Venezuelan minister of commerce has made a 10-year
contract with Miguel M. Herrera, of Valencia, under
which the latter agrees to establish, within 18 months,
one' or more factories for the manufacture of porcelain
and glazed ware, including floor tiles and fancy finishing
tiling, and excepting ordinary earthenware, which is al¬
ready being made in the country. Herrera must use prime
material found in the country, such as kaolin, etc., and
must make use of the greatest possible number of Ven¬
ezuelans among his employees.

CLAY-PREPARING MACHINERY .*

By W. D. Richardson, Columbus, O.

The importance of the proper preparation of the clay
is not sufficiently appreciated by American clayworkers,
especially by those making structural products. One
of the most noticeable features of European brick plants
to an American is the greater amount of clay preparing
machinery used there. It is true that the tendency in
this country is to a more elaborate preparation of the clay
and one sees less frequently now the former American
practice of dumping the clay direct from the bank into
the brick machine, yet it is evident to any close observer
that we have still much to learn of the advantages of
better clay preparation. It is only the intelligent,
thoughtful man of long experience who recognizes that
the secret of a high-grade product lies largely in the
preparation of the clay.

The ceramic engineer who is called upon to investigate
a faulty product — the damage appearing in the drying
or burning and being generally attributed to improper
conduct of these operations — often traces the source of
the trouble to inadequate preparation of the clay and is
able to prescribe a remedy. In many cases a large in¬
vestment in a brickmaking or other clayworking plant
has been sunk because the managers had not learned how
to prepare their clays. There are clays that have been
pronounced worthless because of the inability of those
who have tested them or worked them to properly pre¬
pare them for the molding of the product. Some in¬
stances of this will doubtless be pointed out by Prof.
Bleininger. He will also doubtless discuss the changes
in the clay brought about by proper methods of treat¬
ment to prepare it for the product to be made. It is
my purpose to only present to you a review of the ma¬
chinery and appliances used in making the preparation
of different clays for different products.

This presentation is not made with a view to describ¬
ing machinery with which the members of this associa¬
tion are not familiar. On the contrary, it is assumed
that you are sufficiently familiar with clayworking ma¬
chinery to understand a brief description, since I have
not had the time or opportunity to make such draw¬
ings as I ought to have for illustration. The purpose
of this talk upon clay-preparing machinery is to supple¬
ment Mr. Bleininger’s paper and to help some who may
want to decide upon the best method of pieparing their
clay and the best machinery to select for the purpose.

The first information desired in the selection of clay¬
preparing machinery is the character of the clay and
the kind" of product that it is desired to make from it.
The character of the clay that is to be worked can only
be determined by careful examination of average sam¬
ples taken from top to bottom at different places over
the deposit to be worked, and by a more or less thor¬
ough test of these samples. The things to be determined
by these tests are :

Hardness or toughness of the clay in the bank.

Moisture in the clay.

Foreign matter in the clay.

Pebbles in the clay

Character of the pebbles — what percentage of them,
if any, are limestone pebbles.

Residue left from washing and passing through screens

of different meshes.

Character of this mineral residue.

Plasticity and bonding power of the clay.

Drying properties of the clay.

Tendency to scumming of the product in course of
manufacture or to efflorescence of the burned product
when exposed to the weather.

*Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association.

Some or all of these characteristics of the clay affect
more or less the method of preparation and the choice
of machinery.

It is not within the scope of this paper to discuss the
means employed to secure the desired information from
the clay-testing. We will suppose that the character¬
istics of the clay have been fully determined and will
briefly review the different kinds of clay-preparing ma¬
chinery, noting the special adaptation of each.

Mixers and Feeders.

The main purpose of these machines is to hold one
or more carloads of the clay and feed it constantly in a
uniform quantity to some other machine. The mixing is
generally a secondary object and is attained only inci¬
dentally. There are two classes of such machines — those
for feeding coarse, raw clay to pulverizers and those for
feeding the pulverized clay to pug mill or press.

In economical plants clay is now generally transported
from where it is mined or dug to the factory in cars
holding from one to two cubic yards. These cars of
clay cannot be dumped directly into the pulverizer, dis¬
integrator or crushing rolls without clogging or choking
the machine and the dumping of the car upon the floor
and feeding by hand shovel means, an unsteady feed and
hence a reduced capacity of the machine, as well as the
expense for the labor employed. Therefore the need of
a machine into which one or more cars may be dumped
and which will feed the clay to pulverizer in a uniform
manner as rapidly as the pulverizer will handle it.

There are various forms of such feeders, but in this
country there are only two that are advertised, both
using the principle of the screw. One of these machines
is built on the lines of the ordinary horizontal pug mill,
though sometimes set on an incline, having feeding
knives on a shaft running in a sheet iron trough, with
hoppered sides for holding the required amount of clay.
This machine is generally misnamed a “granulator,”
probably from the fact that the feeding knives do to some
extent cut up the large lumps. The other machine con¬
sists of a box, generally of sheet iron, in the bottom of
which run four screws that convey the clay out of a
gate in one end of the box. This machine is known as
the Rust Clay Feeder. The screw running in a trough
has long been used for conveying various materials, but
has been found impractical with a plastic material like
clay, on account of the large power required when the
clay has built up and formed a hard lining of the trough,
but the multiple screw conveyor running on a flat bottom
has overcome this objection and proven to be very sat¬
isfactory.

For material that is not too wet and sticky, especially
for had clay and shale in lumps, an endless chain can be
used instead of the screws to carry the material out of
the box or nopper, and in some cases is to be preferred
to any other.

Another form of feeder that is quite generally used in
Europe and that is coming into use in this country is
the Rotary Disc Feeder. This feeder is made in different
forms to adapt it to different conditions. The small
power required to operate the rotary disc feeder, the
small expense for upkeep, the uniformity of the feed
and wide adaptability for all conditions, when properly
modified, make this the most practical feeder for clay¬
working plants to date.

For making high-grade clay wares the structure of
the clay, as generally found in the bank, must be broken
up and the particles reduced to a fineness that will per¬
mit of its being properly tempered and moulded into a
fairly homogeneous body. Where the clay is in a more
or less moist and plastic condition, as in sedimentary

clays of recent origin, the class of machines suitable for
its reduction are disintegrators, smooth rolls, wet pans,
perforated rolls and pug mills.

Disintegrators.

This term is generally used to designate a pair of rolls,
one a slow-running feeding roll and the other a smaller
roll having a cutting surface and running at a high speed.
It may be applied also to rolls of equal size and speed,
having on their surfaces teeth or knives, but the disin¬
tegrating action is much increased when the rolls run at
different speeds. The disintegrator should form part of
the clay-producing outfit in every plant using soft, plastic
clays. In many plants the disintegrator is the only clay¬
preparing machine found back of the brick machine or
pug mill. In most cases, however, additional machinery
would improve the product considerably. The additional
machine that is most generally needed is the
Smooth-Roll Crusher.

This machine is capable of extended use in claywork¬
ing plants for preparing either moist or dry clay. 1 hough
it is a simple machine, yet I know of none harder to get
of proper efficiency and durability. It must be said that
most of the smooth rolls made for the clay industry in
this country are of very little value. This is probably
due chiefly to the necessity or desire of making a ma¬
chine that can be sold at a low price. A good smooth-
roll crusher is not a cheap machine. It need not be made
of equal size or weight for all uses, but it should have
the following features :

1. Rolls large enough in diameter to get a good angle
of grip on the material.

2. One roll should have a lateral movement over
the other or should at least be arranged so that it can
easily be moved back and forth at frequent intervals by
hand. This not only produces a rubbing or grinding
action upon the material, but is an essential feature for
keeping the surface from wearing in grooves.

3. In many cases the smooth-roll crusher should have
no relief springs, but should be strong enough to grind
any pebbles or rocks that may get into it. In fact an
important use of the smooth rolls is to crush limestone
pebbles in the clay.

By having two or more pairs of smooth rolls of proper
construction set with decreasing spaces between the
rolls, any clay may be prepared entirely by this means,
provided, of course, that the clay is not too wet. We
would use more smooth rolls in clay preparation if we
could get such as we want.

For developing the plasticity of the clay, as well as
for mixing clays and producing homogeneity, no single
machine is equal to the

Wet Pan.

The only form of wet pan made in America is the
solid bottom pan, charged and emptied intermittently by
an operator, who is the judge of the proper amount of
water to be added to the clay and of the time that it is
to be ground in the pan. This form of preparation is
too expensive for common brick, but is practical for
wares that sell at a higher tonnage price, such as face
brick, drain tile, roofing tile, sewer pipe, fireproofing, etc.

In Europe the wet pan most commonly used is the
pan having a perforated bottom and operating continu¬
ously, like the dry pan. These perforations are variously
arranged and there seems to be a difference of opinion
as to which arrangement is best for given conditions,
but all agree that though the solid pan, properly oper¬
ated, gives the best preparation for some products, it
is too expensive in labor for general use. A common
form of the perforated pan is that having the mullers
running upon different sections of the bottom, not in

line, the perforated part being under one muller and the
solid portion under the others. Sometimes, however,
the perforations are not continuous around the bottom,
but are alternated with solid parts. These pans have
been made a long time in Germany and the manner of
constructing them to give the greatest efficiency and
durability has been learned. Wet pans are also made in
Germany two or three stories high, that is a machine
having one perforated pan above another, in one frame
and operated by the same belt, each pan having one or
two mullers, and discharging automatically into the pan
below, and the bottom pan into the brick machine.
There is no question but that the perforated pan is a
practical machine and would have an extended use in
this country were it made here.

The perforated pan gives an action upon the clay —
the forcing of the clay through a multitude of small
slots, like the dies of a miniature brick machine — that
is beneficial in developing plasticity and in mixing. It
has been the study of German engineers to get this prep¬
aration of the clay with less power than is required with
the wet pan and with greater capacity. This has been
accomplished by a machine that was designed and pat¬
ented by Bauer and that has come into use in the past
three or four years. This is the

Perforated Rolls.

These rolls have their periphery perforated with small
slots so that when the rolls are set close together the
clay is forced through these slots to the inside of the
rolls where scrapers remove the clay to the chute below.
This machine is said to be very satisfactory and its use
seems to be extending. In this country, where the wet
pan is too expensive in operation, as in the making of
brick, the machine almost universally used is the

Pug Mill.

You are all familiar with this machine, so that not
much need be said of it. The main thing accomplished
by the pug mill is the mixing of water with the clay,
and the kneading into a more or less homogeneous mass.
It does no grinding and does not to any marked extent
develop the plastic qualities of the clay. It is a con¬
venient machine, into which to add the water to the
clay and convey it to the brick machine ; but generally
should be used in connection with other clay-preparing
machinery. In recent years the pug mill has been com¬
bined with the auger brick machine.

Some clays, especially those of glacial origin, contain
more or less pebbles which must either be ground up or
removed. The removal of these pebbles from damp
clay is not an easy problem. It is indifferently accom¬
plished by the various conical corrugated rolls that are
made in this country, though much clay is also carried
away adhering to the pebbles and some pebbles pass
through the rolls, especially after they have become
worn. These pebbles that pass into the brick machine
cause trouble at the cutting table v hen they come in
contact with the wires, or later cause cracking of the
brick in drying or burning. Moreover, some of these
pebbles are fragments of limestone which cause a more
serious trouble with which many of you are familiar,
that after the pieces of lime burnt from the pebbles have
come in contact with moisture they produce ‘‘poppi11.?-’
the expansion of the lime breaking out a piece of the
brick and exposing the white slacked lime. Hence spe¬
cial consideration must be given in the selection of clay
preparing machinery too.

Continued in next issue.

J. William Hart, dean, Department of Agriculture, Rio
Piedras, Porto Rico, is in the market for tile making
machinery and wants catalogues and estimates.

CLHY

THE MINNEAPOLIS SEWER PIPE WORKS.

One of the most notable of the new industries which
have been established in the Twin Cities district in recent
years is the Minneapolis Sewer Pipe Works.

The plant is located at Hopkins, eight miles out of Min¬
neapolis on the Minnetonka Electric car line. The com-

RECORD.

raised by bucket elevators into the two steel storage tanks
of 50 tons capacity each. From these tanks the pulverized
material is dropped into the wet pan mills. There are four
of these wet pans m each of which turn two heavy rollers
which oscillate from side to side of the pans, as they roll and
thoroughly mix the pulverized clay with water.

From these wet pan mills the mixture is again dumped

The Plant of the Minneapolis Sewer Pipe Works

pany has its own switching tracks which connect with
the Great Northern and the Minneapolis & St. Louis
railroads, and over the tracks of the latter road with the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry.

into hoppers and elevated, this time to the storage feeders
of the pipe presses. There are two Turner, Vaughn &
Taylor Co. presses, in one of which are made all sizes of
tile from three inches to twenty inches, while in the other

The Pipe Presses in Operation.

The buildings are so absolutley fireproof
that fire insurance is not carried. The ma'
chinery is the best that money could buy.

Efficiency and economy of operation have been
the guiding principles in the general arrange¬
ment of the plant. At the right in the large
illustration is shown the clay storage building.

The drying building of four floors holds the
center of the picture, while between these two
is the power plant, and the machinery which
turns the clay into the green pipe. To the
left are sixteen kilns each twenty-eight feet
inside diameter, and out beyond these is the
st rage yard for the finished pipe.

The cars of clay which are shipped in are
run up an incline and into the storage building
on a steel trestle from which they are dumped

This building, into which five cars^can be
run at one time, is 60 by 192 feet in size and
4'> feet high, and has a storage capacity of
12,000 tons of clay.

From this storage pile the raw clay is
wheeled in barrows and turned into revolving
steel pans where it goes through a rolling process under
Muller rollers weighing three thousand pounds each From
these pans the rolled product is dumped into a hopper and

are made those ranging from twenty-four to thirty-six
inches in diameter.

This clav as it comes from the convevor belts is forced

CLKY RECORD.

through the dies of these presses by steam pressure and
comes out formed like the finished pipe ready for drying
and burning. As the pipe thus formed come from the
presses, the smaller sizes are removed by hand and taken
to the drying floors where they are trimmed and corru¬
gated. The larger sizes, such as the thirty inch pipe which
weighs when green 1,200 pounds and the thirty-six inch
size which weigh nearly 1.100 pounds, are lowered from

Second Floor of Drying Building.

the.press by means of a power disc rod to a truck on which
it is wheeled out, trimmed and corrugated and turned by
steam power on to another truck and wheeled to its place
on the drying floor.

The largest building at the works is used for the drying
process. This structure measures 80 by 300 feet in size
and its four floors are made of perforated steel,
an innovation in sewer pipe plant construe
tion, for all other plants in this country are
usually equipped with floors made of wooden
slats. This feature of the Minneapolis Sewer
Pipe Works renders the building fireproof, and
with the improved system of steam heating as
well as a method by which the unused heat
from the kilns may be distributed through
conduits by means of two large fans to any
part of the building to which it is desired,
gives ideal drying facilites. This building is
equipped with six elevators for distributing
the tile to the various floors and to the kilns.

The smaller sizes are taken to the top floor
while the other sizes are distributed accord
ingly with the largest sizes on the ground floor

After a certain period of drying the tile are
taken to the kilns, which are built in two rows,
eight on each side of a railroad track upon
which the supply of coal is brought in. On
one side of the track the kiln floor which is
made entirely of concrete covers an area of 7 5 by 380 feet,
while on the other side the floor area is 7 i by 30(* feet All
of this space is covered with corrugated steel roofs, which
together with the concrete floors are unique in sewer plant
construction. Along the track is room for the storage of
2.000 tons of coal.

Power is furnished the plant by a 500 horse power rope

drive Twin City Corliss engine and four 125 horse power
boilers. The Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Company
furnishing the engines and the structural iron work.

Mr. Rich, the general manager, has been connected
with the clay business since 1884 and is well acquainted
with the trade in all parts of this country.

Practically all the sewer pipe laid in Minneapolis for the
last fifteen years has been supplied by the Red Wing
Sewer Pipe Company. It has always success¬
fully passed the severe tests subjected to it by
the engineering department of the city which
is noted throughout the country for the rigid¬
ity of its requirements.

The Red Wing Sew'er Pipe Company is one
of the largest and strongest corporations in the
northwest, having an authorized capital of
$1,000,000, of which $900,000 is paid in and
stock issued. This company now has two
large sewer pipe plants at Red Wing and the
Minneapolis Sewer Pipe Works really consti¬
tutes the third plant of the Red Wing Company.

The first plant of the Red Wing Sewer Pipe
Company was built at Red Wing in 1891 and
th second plant in 189 i. The business of the
company kept increasing until it reached a
point several years ago where the capacity of
the Red Wing Plant was entirely inadequate
fi ’ supply the demand for the product. When
it was finally decided to increase the output of
the company to more than double its capacity,
Minneapolis was chosen as the proper location
for the additional enterprise.

As far, however, as the relations with the trade are con¬
cerned, the business of The Minneapolis Sewer Pipe
Works is entirely separate and distinct from that of the
interests at Red Wing. Horace S. Rich, the general man¬
ager of the Minneapolis plant, who has a leading interest

Fourth Floor of Drying Building.

in and is vice-president of the Red \\ ing Sewer Pipe Com¬
pany has had sole charge of the construction of the new
plant and directs its policy as an independent concern.

The main offices of the works from which Mr. Rich and
his assistants handle the executive and sales end of the
business are located in the new Palace building, Minne¬
apolis.

CLHY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

924,553. Mold. Lorenzo D. Irish, Mason, Mich. Filed
June 8, 1908. Serial No. 437,434.

A mold for the manufacture of cement tiles, comprising
a base having a conical orifice in its center, a hollow core
having a conical end, which fits and is removably held fric-
tionallv within said orifice, an outer jacket made in sec¬
tions hinged together and having outwardly projecting arms
adapted to rest upon the base whereby to afford lateral sup¬
port to the jacket, lugs upstanding from the base in position
to embrace the lower end of the sectional jacket to center and
retain it in place, and a top plate having depending clips
thereon and knobs projecting laterally from the jacket in
position to be engaged by the clips by giving the top plate a

partial rotation, said top plate forming a closure at the upper
end of the mold between the cone and the top of the sec¬
tional jacket, whereby to mold the upper end of the tile.

924,745. Process of Making Brick. Oreon S. Davis,
Anaheim, Cal., assignor of two-thirds to William H. Spake
and Octave A. Lagman, Anaheim, Cal. Filed February 23,
1907. Serial No. 358,893.

The herein described method of manufacturing bricks,
blocks, and the like, which consists in first forming and press¬
ing the article from clay or earth, drying it to expel mois¬
ture, but without baking, immersing it in a bath of
asphaltum having a temperature of from 2120 to 700° F.
to permit penetration of the article by the asphaltum to a
depth of about one-half an inch, then removing it from the
bath and subjecting it to a gradually decreasing dry temper¬
ature having an initial degree approximating that of the
melted asphaltum to cause the latter further to strike into
the article, and finally removing the article.

925.316. Tile. Frank R. Elbert, Crestline, Ohio. Filed
February 7, 1908. Serial No. 414,846.

A tile comprising an upper and a lower member, each ap¬
proximately semi-cylindrical in cross section, and having
their longitudinal edges overlapping, one of the sections
being provided with threaded offset members, the opposite
section having extending ears adapted to engage the thread¬
ed offsets, securing members for the ears and offsets, one
of the ends of the tile being provided with a flared mouth
having inturned beveled projections, the opposite end of the
tile being provided with a beveled enlargement having in¬
clined slots or cut away portions, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.

924,972. Brick-Machine. Sheridan E. Drummond, Par¬
kersburg, W. Ya. Filed July 10, 1907. Serial No. 383,046.

In a brick machine, the combination of a traveling car¬
riage, a series of cutters thereon, an apron for carrying a
column to be cut to said cutters, and an off-bearing belt for
receiving the cut brick from said carriage, a series of rollers
over which said off-bearing belt passes, one of said rollers
being connected to said carriage, a link connecting said roller
to a similar roller in such manner that two rollers follow the
movement of said carriage, thereby lengthening and short¬
ening the receiving surface of said off -bearing belt, substan¬
tially as described.

In a brick machine, the combination of a traveling car¬
riage, cutters carried thereon, an apron for receiving a col¬
umn to be cut, said apron being arranged to be moved by
said column, a shaft rotated by said apron and column, a
spiral section drum on said shaft for reciprocating said car¬
riage, a power shaft, a clutch operated by the movement of
said apron for transferring the power for reciprocating said
carriage from said apron to. said power shaft, a shaft for
rotating said cutters, a clutch operated by said first men¬
tioned shaft for communicating the power from said power
shaft to said shaft for rotating the cutters, substantially as
described.

925,432. Brick-Kiln. William Gibford, Golden, Colo.,
assignor of one-half to Laurence Ottens, Golden, Colo. Filed
August 13, 1908. Serial No. 448,420.

In a brick kiln, a stack, a trunk flue extending to and ter¬
minating at the center of the kiln, a diametrical flue in the

same plane with and communicating at its center with the
terminus of the trunk flue, a plurality of radial flues dis¬
posed on the plane above and communicating at their cen¬
tral ends only with the trunk and diametrical flues and at
their peripheral extremities with the interior of the kiln,
a plurality of parallel flues disposed in a plane above and
out of communication with the radial flues and communi¬
cating at their middles with the diametrical flue, and floor¬
ing disposed on the plane and having openings therethrough
communicating only with the parallel flues.

CLAY RECORD,

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

During the past two weeks several of the large brick
plants in the vicinity of San Francisco have closed down
for the season and others will follow soon as most of
them have made large runs during the spring and sum¬
mer and now have fairly large stocks on hand. The
market for common brick has been in a fair shape for
the past six months with but one break in price and this
lasted but a short time. However, there is a disposition
on the part of manufacturers to carry but light stocks
during the winter season and to curtail the output of
their plants in order to make sure that there is no over¬
production with the disastrous results of a year ago.
Many plants which were operated immediately after the
fire are now closed and cannot be worked to advantage at
the present prices of common brick. Some of these plants
are being dismantled and moved to locations where trans¬
portation facilities are better and where manufacturing
can be carried on more cheaply. It has been pointed out
that at the present time there are enough brick plants
within a radius of sixty miles of San Francisco to furnish
all the common brick that can be used in this territory
and that to do this the plants would have to operate only
about one third of the time. While this may be true it
might also be observed that many of these plants are
poorly located and are not in a position to compete in the
open market at the prevailing rates asked for brick and
can only be operated when brick reaches a decidedly
higher figure. Thus the situation is not in as bad a shape
as some in the trade would make believe. Prices at the
present time are being maintained steadily and the indi¬
cations are for a much better demand during the coming
winter than was experienced last year. While the down¬
town district of San Francisco is now well built up there
appears to be about as much of a call for brick as ever due
to the fact that there are now some immense warehouse
structures going up and also that many flats and apart¬
ment houses are now being built of brick instead of wood
as before the fire.

Vitrified brick for paving purposes has not found much
favor in San Francisco notwithstanding the fact that
other cities of the Coast have found its use very economi¬
cal and satisfactory. Basalt blocks are still largely used
in the downtown districts, but a movement has been
started to make a trial of vitrified brick again. Trials of
tliis material were made several years ago but proved
unsuccessful. However, it is asserted by manufacturers
that there have been great improvements made in these
brick since then and several firms stand willing to put
down a test stretch of paving if the authorities will accept
their product in case it proves entirely successful. At the
present time there are several large plants in the vicinity
of ban Francisco preparing to turn out vitrified brick in
large quantities and it will soon be necessary to expand
the market for this article. At the present time about the
only use for the article locally is in the new sewers which
are being lined with these brick. The balance of the
local product is being sent to other cities along the coast,
but this market is not to be regarded as a steady one.

Up to a very short time ago the market for fire brick
was in a very satisfactory condition but a great slump in
price has taken place within the past two weeks and as a
result the market is temporarily demoralized and several
of the large plants have closed down. Two or three San
Francisco firms manufacturing firebrick have found them¬
selves in financial straits and have thrown large quantities
of firebrick on the market at greatly reduced rates. The
lone Fire Brick Works of lone, Cal., has decided not to
meet the cut in price and that firm has closed its immense
plant until the market is in a better shape.

One of the most important changes that have been made
in brick circles for some time has just taken place and
the Stockton Fire and Enamel Brick Co., and the Golden
Gate Brick Co. have combined and will now be managed
from one office. C. F. Pratt, who has been manager of
the Golden Gate Brick Co. since the fire will continue to
act in the capacity of manager and the office will remain
at 660 Market St., as formerly. The Stockton Fire and
Enamel Brick Co. manufactures pressed clay brick,
enamel and fire brick and has filled some very large con-*
tracts in this city. The Golden Gate Brick Co. turns out
a sand lime brick that has been very popular for facing
purposes, fire place construction, etc. The two concerns
will now be operated under the name of the Golden Gate
Brick Company.

The Monterey Pressed Brick Company, which has been
investigating the possibilities of Sacramento as a manu¬
facturing site has decided to establish a plant there and
will use sand from the American river as material for fancy
pressed brick. A site on the waterfront is being nego¬
tiated for and with this transportation to San Francisco
and bay points will be an easy matter and very economical.

The Bank of Mountain View, Cal., recently brought an
action against the Wheeland Brick Company on a note
of $9,000, which was secured by a mortgage on all the
property of the Company, which includes about ten acres
of land near Mountain View and all the machinery nec¬
essary for the manufacture of brick. It is now asserted
by the bank officials that the management of the brick
company has been making a disposition of a large portion
of the property, among the items being 900,000 brick.
This action, they claim, has reduced the security to such
an extent that a loss is feared and a receiver has been
placqd in charge of the property.

Under the title of “Men of Affairs of San Francisco" a
series of illustrated articles has been appearing in one of
the leading daily papers and the many friends of L. A.
Steigers, manager of Steigers Terra Cotta and Pottery
Works were gratified to see his picture appearing recently
surrounded with drawings of building material which
have made the Steigers works famous.

The Washington Brick, Lime & Manufacturing Co. has
consolidated with the Spokane Sewer Pipe Factory and
the new concern will be known as the Washington Brick,
Lime and Sewer Pipe Co. J. H. Spear is the president
and manager and headquarters will be maintained at
Spokane, Wash. The new company is capitalized at
$2,000,000 and work will be commenced at once on a
sewer pipe factory at Spokane to cost $300,000.

The Los Angeles Art Potteries Corporation has been
formed at Los Angeles, Cal., with a capital stock of $100,-
000. The men interested are C. H. Elrod, L. D. Brode,
C. M. Jay, J. Kirkham and J. H. McKnight.

CONTRACT FOR $1,000,000 FURNACE.

The Youngstown (Ohio) Sheet and Tube Company
has let a contract for a blast furnace to cost $1,000,000.

The Niles Firebrick Company, of Niles, will line the
furnace, the Westmoreland Brick Company will line the
stoves, the William Tod Company will build blowing en¬
gines to cost $75,000, the Huber Mason Company of Chi¬
cago will build ore, coke and limestone bins ; the Otis Ele¬
vator Company will construct hoisting machines and elec¬
trical apparatus and the Babcock-Wilcox Company will
supply six 500-horsepower boilers.

i'LHY RECORD.

'2fi

CLAY RECORD,

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO

"GEORGE H HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter. January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. SEPTEMBER 30, 1909. No. 6

“ I like to read American advertisements. They are fe
Sbemselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of th@
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
»ery time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety^nine
out of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
5east need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan*
hcea for their business ills. — John Wanaiuaker,

1 he man who is satisfied to make a good living is the
happiest man in the world.

We are all inclined to give the man who agrees with
ns more credit for wisdom than he deserves.

Lid you subscribe for the Clay Record ? If not it is still
appreciated — better late than never. Only one dollar per
year.

1 he moment you give a bribe you are under obliga¬
tions, and some day the fact will be brought out and you
will suffer the consequences of your own weakness.

Legal struggles seldom pay. Law suits take up time
and money, and the result, even if in your favor, seldom
offsets the time, money and worry you have expended.

Commerce can never be at a standstill while one man
wants what another can supply. You can find the man
to supply your wants by inserting an advertisement in
the Clay Record.

\\ hen you have a friend who has proven himself such,
never let up so long as you live in your evidences of grat¬
itude for the kindness he has shown you. Repay him
with interest and let your actions towards him ever be a
source of happiness and pleasure to him.

In these days of keen competition and wonderful acti¬
vity it is necessary for the business man to have enthus¬
iasm. If he lacks in this, his business will be at a stand¬
still, while his enthusiastic competitor goes ahead.

BRICK TO SUCCEED MACADAM ROADS.

While macadamized roads in the country districts are
a great improvement over the mud roads and have done
much to increase prices of rural realty, the Allegheny
county officials have learned by personal inspection and
inquiry that some counties in Ohio are far ahead of this
county in the matter of good roads. It has been shown
that brick roads surpass macadam in desirability and
durability, hence the commissioners have decided on
brick roads for Allegheny county. It seems that such
roads have been giving satisfaction in Ohio for a decade
or more.

The advantages of the brick-paved country highway
are amply demonstrated in Cuyahoga county, in the vi¬
cinity of Cleveland. In that section the county pays
65 to 85 per cent of the cost of these highways, and the
burden of first cost, therefore, falls very lightly upon the
farmers along the improved roadway, the cost falling
mainly on city taxpayers. Property along such brick
highways after construction promptly jumps in value
from 50 to 200 per cent.

In considering the advantages of vitrified brick and
block for paving purposes the fact must not be lost sight
of that such superiority depends largely upon the con¬
struction of the roadway itself and compliance with
methods which have been proven to be best by actual
experience and the test of time. It is decidedly unfair
to paving brick to offer, as an example of its value, a
street that has been improperly constructed. Such con¬
struction- is of more injury to the paving-brick interests
than any other one thing, and it is greatly to be regretted
that paving-brick manufacturers have not been more
united and more determined on this point in past years.
Bad construction is almost as bad as bad paving-brick
and that there are bad paving-brick on the market is not
to be denied. With the growing wisdom of munici¬
pal engineers, however, and the rigid tests to which
material is now subjected, the manufacture of inferior
paving-brick is bound to be discouraged.

BRICK DEMAND BELOW NORMAL IN NEW

YORK CITY.

The Real Estate Record and Builders’ Guide says:
"While the supply and demand for Hudson River com¬
mon brick are about even, the situation is not normal.
The prices ruling on the docks were $5.50 to $6.00, the
same figures being paid for No. 1 Raritan Rivers. Hud¬
sons averaged $5.75. The local dealers are disposing of
fair quantities of Hudson River commons, but most of
the contracts are small rather than conspicuously large
ones. This is the rule throughout all the building mate¬
rial markets. There were some instances where delayed
steel deliveries on jobs interfered with local brick con¬
sumption. Beginning last week there were 15 holdovers;
83 arrivals; and 79 sales, leaving 19 cargoes on the wharf
Monday.

“The published formation of battleships in the North
River has given the brick manufacturers and agents some
concern, inasmuch as it is entirely possible that no brick
will be received here for a week or ten days during the
fete. If such a contingency should arise, building opera¬
tions will suffer severely.”

CLHY RECORD.

OBITUARY

Christian Molt, a pioneer farmer and brick and tile
manufacturer, died at his home in Perkins Township, near
Sandusky, Ohio, of stomach trouble. He was 86 years of
a. e and is survived by five children.

Mrs. Winifred Patterson, whose sons own and operate
the Pioneer Pottery Co., at Millsville, Ohio, is dead. She
vers 73 years of age and is survived by nine children.
Mrs. Patterson established the pottery her sons operate
and operated it until the sons became old enough to
manage the business for themselves.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

Fire in the brick plant at Freeman, Wash., destroyed
the kiln sheds and burned up a lot of cordwood. I he loss
is $1,000.

The brick plant of John B. Prullage, north of Vincen¬
nes. Ind.. was visited by a small fire causing damage to
one building.

Incendiaries are blamed for starting the $20,000 fire at
the Stulton & Harrisburg Brick Co’s, plant at 9th and
Peily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.

The S. Barnes & Co., Brick Works at Bolesville near
Rochester, Pa., was damaged to the extent of $20,000 by
fire. Insurance carried was $15,000.

A. gas explosion destroyed a double decorating kiln
filled with ware at the Cartwright Pottery at East Liver¬
pool. Ohio, and injured two laborers.

The brick plant of Charles Barricks’ Sons, 1445 Clinton
Street, Buffalo, N. Y., was visited by a fire which started
in an unused drying kiln from sparks from a locomotive.

Fire started in the basement of the Denver Fire Clay
Co’s, stock room at 1744 Champa St., Denver, Col., and
did damage to the extent of $30,000. Fully covered by,
insurance.

The New York & Philadelphia Brick Co’s, plant at
Whippany, N. J., has been destroyed by fire. The loss
is $20,000 and is covered by insurance. Everything was
destroyed but the kilns.

* The brick plant of J. B. Kendall, at Byron, Minn., was
visited by a $7,500 fire which started in the engine room
and destroyed the complete plant. Unfortunately there
was no insurance, so the loss to him is total.

BRANCH MANAGER ARRESTED AS
EMBEZZLER.

New Orleans, La., Sept. 18. — Miles R. Duffy, resident
manager of the Ludowici-Celadon Co., a roofing and tile
concern, of Cleveland, was arrested today and charged
with the embezzlement of $5,026 of the funds of the com¬
pany. Duffy had previously made a confession to Chand¬
ler C. Luzenberg, the legal adviser of the concern, and
this confession he reiterated to Acting District Attorney
David Henriques.

Though officers of the company when seen refused to
give any definite details, it is said that Duffy operated
by means of checks which he drew for his own use on
the company’s funds in the Peoples Bank & Trust Co.

A. W. Brown, treasurer and vice president of the con¬
cern. came here from Cleveland several days ago and
Duffy's arrest followed. He admitted that discovery came
about through a letter sent from New Orleans about a
week ago.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

C. J. Scott, trustee, has sued the Sargent Brick Co.,
Painesville, Ohio, to foreclose mortgage and order for
sale of premises.

John Nightingale, an employe of the Waterloo (la.)
Granite Brick Co., had his hand crushed to a pulp by be¬
ing caught in the toggle of a press.

An Italian employed by the Empire Brick & Supply
Co., at Newton Hook, N. Y., met death by being ground
to pieces at the brick yard, lie fell into the clay grinder.

The Scott Brick Co’s, office at Knoxville, Tenn., was
visited by someone while those in charge were out and
took the payroll, $600, from a drawer and forgot to return
it.

Oscar Hunter, aged 16 years, employed by the Copen
Brick Works at Parkersburg, W. Va., fell off from a
loaded clay truck and was run over, dying a few minutes

later.

At a meeting of the creditors of the Yoke Vitrified
Brick Co., at Coffeyville, Kansas, which was recently de¬
clared bankrupt, the liabilities was given at $128,935, and
the assets $53,237.

A receiver has been asked for the Buxton-Beatty Pot¬
tery Co., near Worthington, Ohio. Harry J. Buxton, the
manager, has left the company without reason is charged.
The plant is just outside of Columbus.

Bankruptcy proceedings have been filed by bondhold¬
ers against the Chanute (Kansas) Cement & Clay Prod¬
ucts Co. The petition places the assets at $250,000 and
liabilities at $2,000,000. A receiver has been appointed.

At Mason City, Iowa, damages is wanted from two
clay concerns. Of the North Iowa Brick & Tile Co., H.
A. Bruns wants $10,588.50 for personal injuries received
while in the employ of the company, and L. S. Hunter
wants $10,450.25 from the same concern for the same
reason, and George Danley has filed suit against the
Farmers’ Co-operative Brick & Tile Co., asking $1,000
for injuries received in the collapse of a scaffold.

THE RAYMOND CO. PURCHASES THE HORTON

MFG. CO. PLANT.

The C. W. Raymond Company of Dayton, Ohio, with
their usual energy and foresight, have acquired the in¬
terests of the Horton Manufacturing Company, Paines¬
ville, Ohio. It is known that the Horton Company have
been manufacturing the largest line of Soft Mud Ma¬
chinery ever placed before the clay crafters.

This consolidation completes the Soft Mud line of the
C. W. Raymond Company and places it in the enviable
position of being the strongest power in the world of clay
working machinery.

The C. W. Raymond Company have demonstrated that
they are alive to the best interests of the clay worker, as
this is the fourth competitor they have acquired by pur¬
chase during recent years of their existence. 4 he first
one being the Wooley Foundry & Machine Company, of
Anderson, Indiana, followed by the Youngren Kiln Pat¬
ents, the United States Roofing Tile Press and now the
Horton Company of Painesville. In each case every
article purchased was far beyond the experimental stage,
and the experience and thought of the C. W. Raymond
Company has brought each one to the highest pinnacle
of perfection.

The C. W. Raymond Company are now ready to miter-
tain inquiries for Soft Mud Equipment and all repairs,
new parts etc., of the Horton machines will be supplied
bv them.

CLMY RECORD.

VEDERSBURG CO. GETS CONTRACT FOR
INDIANAPOLIS SPEEDWAY.

With the announcement by Superintendent Bert Har¬
per of the Wabash Clay Works of Vedersburg, Ind., that
the company had secured the contract to furnish the brick
for the big speedway at Indianapolis, prospects are very
bright for a resumption of work at the plant. The news
that the contract had been clinched was telephoned to the
officials by R. D. Culver, president of the company, who
has been at the capital city for several days endeavoring
to land the contract. Owing to the fact that the competi¬
tion for paving the speedway was unusually stiff there
was some doubt as to whether or not the local plant
would land the contract. Besides the bids and bickerings
of the other brick men, asphalt and many new kinds of
paving were considered.

The contract which calls for more than 3,000,000 brick
will completely exhaust the supply which the Wabash
Clay Factory has on hand. Thirty men went to work
loading the brick which will be shipped at the rate of 20
cars per day in order that the shipment may be com¬
pleted by Sept. 30. This will give the speedway officials
sufficient time to have the track in shape for the races
and aeroplane flights which will take place there next
month.

Besides this contract the Vedersburg plant has con¬
tracts for large shipments of brick to Wisconsin, Illinois
and Indiana and it now seems imperative that the plant
begin work in full force. This means that about 200 men
will be in demand at once.

BIG COMPANY GOES INTO BANKRUPTCY.

The Chanute Cement & Clay Products Company, a
corporation having plants at Chanute, Kansas, Bronson,
thrown into involuntary bankruptcy on petition of seven
of the creditors of the firm. On petition of the same credi¬
tors, C. B. White was appointed receiver. He imme¬
diately gave bond in the sum of $20,000 and left for Cha¬
nute to ascertain the condition of the property there.

1 he case is one that is of especial interest as it involves
large sums, the petition setting forth that the liabilities of
the company are $2, 215, 000 while the assets will approxi¬
mate a quarter of a million dollars. The petitioners,
Erick Anderson, W. R. Anderson, Joseph Erickson, A.
W. Hedeen, William Erickson, Otto J. Briley and Ben
Hoss, all of Chanute, allege that the firm owes them
$4,750 and that members of the firm have tried to get
them to accept 20 year six per cent bonds at par for their
claims. The petitioners maintain that the bonds are not
worth par, stating that $2,000,000 worth of the 20 year
bonds have been issued as well as $1,250,000 worth of
interim bonds, while the visible property of the company
amounted to only about $250,000.

The petition recites that the plant at Bronson, Michigan,
is valued at $150,000 and that at Chanute at $100,000 while
there are debts at the Chanute plant aggregating $115,000
at one place and $100,000 at the other. It alleges further
that some of the property is concealed and intimates that
the real assets are much larger than appears. It is also
alleged that the issue of 20 year bonds, while dated June
1, 1905, were not filed for record in Xeosho county until
May, 1909.'

An interesting feature of the case is that the case is al¬
ready in the hands of a receiver appointed by the district
court and it is not known whether or not the receiver ap¬
pointed by the federal court will be given possession
without due process. Mr. White has gone to investigate
the situation and take possession for the creditors.

FIRE DID GREAT DAMAGE TO DENVER PLANT.

The office of the Denver Fire Clay Co., dealers in assay
material, located at 1744 Champa street, Denver, Col., was
visited by a disastrous fire, which, owing to the large
amount of acid and chemicals stored in the building, gave,
the firemen a dangerous fight. Time and time again the
fire was brought under control, when explosions would
occur from the chemicals, throwing the entire basement
into a mass of flames.

The damage is very heavy. The acid fumes hit the fire¬
men with deadly effect, many of them being overcome.
They were rushed to the hospital for treatment.

In order to fight the flames, cream was given the fire¬
men to counteract the effects of the fumes. A quantity
of guncotton stored in the basement under the sidewalk,
used for chemical purposes, caused much concern, as it
was thought the flames would fire it.

On the second floor of the building was stored a large
quantity of highly explosive chemicals, and the firemen
made desperate efforts to confine the blaze to the base¬
ment, and lower floor. If the chemicals on the second
floor in the store rooms had become ignited a terrific ex¬
plosion could not have been averted, and it would have
wrecked a score of the buildings in the neighborhood.

ATTEMPT (?) TO KILL WITH THE AID OF

DYNAMITE.

Tipton, Ind., Sept. 24. — The residence of Lewis Van
Briggle. a wealthy farmer and tile manufacturer of Prairie
township, was partly demolished by dynamite near mid¬
night, and Van Briggle and his wife narrowly escaped
death.

Though the walls of the room in which they were sleep¬
ing were blown out and the furniture reduced to splinters,
Mr. and Mrs. Van Briggle were not injured. A peach
tree ten feet away was stripped of fruit and leaves and
the force of the shock broke glass in neighboring houses
half a mile away.

An investigation showed that the dynamite, which had
been placed under the bedroom in which Van Briggle
slept, had been connected with a fuse twenty-five feet
long, which gave the persons who fired it ample time to
get away.

The local authorities were notified of the attempt to
blow up the home and bloodhounds were brought from
Xoblesville in an automobile. They took the trail, fol¬
lowed it half a mile to a gravel road, where a buggy had
been hitched, and lost it.

\ an Briggle says he has no enemies that he is aware
of. He was defendant in a damage suit at the last term
of court for the alienation of the affections of the wife of
Charles Bringle and was acquitted. An effort is being
made to learn where the dynamite was purchased.

THE COFFEYVILLE PLANTS ALL BUSY.

The Coffeyville Journal announces that the Coffeyville
Vitrified Brick Company with plants at Coffeyville, In¬
dependence and Cherryvale, have contracted to deliver
800,000 brick, standard No. 1, from the three yards in the
next sixty days. All three plants are working full time
in order to fill the order, as well as the many smaller
orders for Kansas towns. No better brick made than
from the Montgomery county shales and burned natural
gas. and Independence is fortunate in having one of the
best plants.

MUCH AKRON CASH IN KANSAS CEMENT
AND CLAY FAILURE

Akron, Ohio, Sept. 25. — The bankruptcy proceedings of
the Chanute Cement & Clay Product Co..- of Ft. Scott,
Kan., involves many Akron people. It was planned to
have the bankruptcy action started in Cleveland, but that
is now found impossible.

The company was organized here, and the company
has offices in this city, with Joy T. Hutton, the secretary,
in charge. John F. Townsend, an Akron capitalist who
owned much of the property that was taken over when
the combine was formed, received $750,000 worth of the
original $2,000,000 bond issue in exchange for certain
property, including land in Chanute, Kan., a cement plant
already in operation at Bronson, Mich., and property in
Wood County, Ohio.

The remainder of the bonds were deposited with the
Cleveland Trust Co., with the understanding that they
were to remain there until a plant with a capacity of 3,000
barrels a day at Chanute should be completed. In lieu
of the bonds on deposit another issue of “interim” bonds
amounting to $1,250,000 was issued and turned over to a
new organization, the Summit Construction Co., largely
composed of the same people as the other. It is thought
$1,000,000 was raised by the sale of these interim bonds,
but it was not sufficient to complete the plant, and work
was suspended not long ago for lack of funds. This was
the beginning of the bankruptcy proceedings.

A movement has been started here to raise sufficient
money to reorganize the Chanute Cement & Clay Product
Co. The failure may cause an investigation as to what
has become of all the money raised for the new plant.
Mr. Townsend, the president, is living in England, and
little has been heard from him since he relinquished ac¬
tive control. He has been one of Akron’s wealthiest
capitalists. The petition filed in bankruptcy court alleges
irregularity in the execution and filing of the mortgage
bonds.

Between $75,000 and $100,000 worth of the bonds are
held here, and the holders fear they will lose considerable.
Attorney Orlando Wilcox, representing the creditors,
says it will require $200,000 more to finish the plant.

« » • -

OHIO POTTERS PLAN A COMBINE.

It is possible that before the year ends certain financial
interests of Pittsburg will become identified with the pot¬
tery industry of East Liverpool, O., and vicinity, and that
a number of potteries now operated independently will
be under one head.

A plan has been outlined, but it does not contemplate
a merger of all potteries, but just sufficient to give the
new interests an entrance into the business while the}
plan to build a large and modern property and prepare
for extensive operations.

While it is not a possibility to announce names at this
moment, the plan is said to be backed by ample capital,
and that besides many Pittsburg capitalists being inter¬
ested in the deal, New York will also have representation

Before the passage of the tariff bill, that should the pot¬
tery schedule be passed over favorably, a corporation
would be formed for the purpose of buying control of the
majority of American general ware potteries. This plan,
however, has been thrice tried and thrice failure has been
written over the months of effort. ,

Everv time an effort has been made to form a consoli¬
dation of the pottery interests, it has been flooded with
so much water that the accomplishment of the purpose
was impossible. ,

MORE CITIES COULD PATTERN AFTER

SEDALIA.

After years of effort Sedalia, Mo., has secured a much-
needed industry, a modern brick plant. This plant has
recently been installed at a cost of many thousand dollars.
Its owners came here on the assurance of leading men and
property owners that the plant was wanted and would be
supported. In a word, Sedalia stands practically pledged
to buy brick from the Sedalia Clay Mfg. Co., provided
they make good brick and sell at prices no higher than
outside concerns.

We are told by Mr. Mecusker that the plant is now
making common brick. That it will make facing brick for
finishing purposes and as soon as all the kilns are com¬
pleted will make paving (vitrified) brick just as good as
can be purchased elsewhere.

The Sedalia plant has available an abundance of shale,
and sample brick burned prove that for paving purposes
this is as good as any material heretofore used in the
streets of this city.

The paving of the streets of Sedalia with brick will go
on steadily until all streets are paved. Contracts are now
outstanding and petitions are now pending in the city
council for more paving. Property owners on many
streets are considering the question of early paving, and
it is to these citizens The Capital would appeal in behalf
of our newest home industry, the brick plant.

If it is true as Mr. Mecusker says, that the home plant
will be burning a million paving brick a month before the
first of the new year, and that by the beginning of spring
enough brick can be accumulated to meet all requirements
— if it is true that these brick are as good as any made,
and can be sold for less money, then the people of Sedalia
should see that in the contracts for street paving it is
plainly specified that only Sedalia-made brick be used.

This city has always encouraged the coming of factories
and industries of every kind employing labor or using up
home material, but we have been prone to forget, after
the factories were established, that they were home in¬
stitutions and have given too liberally to outsiders orders
which might just as well have been placed and filled at
home.

Let us make an exception of this brick plant. It is an
industry we have long needed, it will give employment to
men and teams and very little of the money spent by pur¬
chasers of its product will leave the county. It is strictly
a home industry and should be encouraged in every way.

- - » » » - -

McLANE BRICK CO. MAKING GREAT SUCCESS

The McLane Fire Brick Company, with three plants
located in Irondale, Vanport and one in Wellsville, is in
a most flourishing condition at present. The plant located
in Wellsville is very busy filling orders and are putting
on more men every day. They have increased their capa¬
city from 20,000 to 25,000 a day within the past few weeks.

The plant in Irondale is also doing an unusually good
business considering the present conditions and it has
been necessary to handle the business at that plant for the
company to erect three new kilns. The kilns are of the
usual size. Work on the kilns will be started within a few
days, but it will be several weeks before they are com¬
pleted.

The manner in which the plant in Wellsville has been
working has certainly been a great blessing to Wellsville.
The plant employs about fifty men and every man on the
plant is drawing more than the regular time. The fires
have been burning almost incessantly during the past two
vears.

CLKV RECORD.

JERSEY CITY BUILDING CREATES BRICK

FAMINE.

That the brick market along the Hudson River is feel¬
ing the unusual demand by reason of the extraordinary
building activity in Jersey City, N. J., is a fact that is not
only true but likewise indicative of the fact that Jersey
City is experiencing an unusual and remarkable era of
real estate prosperity ; yet such is the case, and so great
is the demand that the journals are speaking of it as a
condition worthy of comment. At the present time there
are more than 25,000,000 brick being used in but a few of
the large Jersey City building operations, and there is an
indication that the demand will continue for some time to
come.

It is interesting to know just how so many brick can
be used at once, but it is only necessary to mention a few
specific cases. The new tobacco plant of P. Lorillard &
Co., in the West End section, which will be much larger
than the average person has any idea of, will require
8,000.000 brick; the new public school No. 3, on Bright
street, will take 2,000,000 ; public school No. 32, at Eighth
and Coles streets, is taking 7,000,000; public school No.
17, on Duncan avenue, which is now just nearing com¬
pletion, took 4,000,000 brick; public school No. 33, on
Clendenny avenue, took 3,000,000, and public school No.
15, on Dwight street, 3,000,000 ; the Adams Express Com¬
pany’s new stables, at York and Montgomery streets,
near Henderson street, will take 900,000, and there are a
number of smaller jobs that will take a large number of
brick.

To show that the situation there is not merely one of
the moment the futures that will require large quantities
of brick are the new skyscraper office building of the
Union Trust Company, on the site of the old Davidson
building at Washington and Montgomery streets, and
the new postoffice building directly opposite, upon both
of which sites large brick and stone structures are about
to be built, and the new office building of the Colgate
Soap and Perfume Company, at York and Hudson streets,
for which R. Waddington & Sons, of Hoboken, have ex¬
cavated and Sanford & Ross are now driving the piles.

BRICK MANUFACTURE IN MEXICO

Every city of importance in Mexico has its brick fac¬
tory, which supplies it with the necessary material for
construction. However, there are but one or two brick
plants that are equipped with modern machinery, and
that sell their product at any distance from their factory.

The largest brick factory in the republic is the Teoloyu-
can, situated in the Federal district, and the only concern
to turn out pressed brick in considerable quantities.

Marble, paving brick and tiles are imported into the
republic to the extent of an annual valuation of approxi¬
mately 300,000 pesos, the majority of these products com¬
ing from the United States and Germany.

Perhaps half of the brick yards in the republic are at
the present moment idle or working at less than a quarter
of their capacity, and there is a tremendous stock of
manufactured brick on the market that cannot find pur¬
chasers.

The average price of passed brick in Mexico City is
24 pesos a thousand.

R. E. Weaver, of Akron, Ohio, the lessee of the Harris
Brick Co.’s plant in Zanesville, Ohio, which burned to
the ground last week, announce that the plant would be
rebuilt as soon as possible. This means that the plant
will be running full time within the next six months.

Mr. Weaver has orders already received that will re¬
quire almost one year to fill. The plant will be rebuilt
on more modern lines.

TRANSMISSION COMPANY HAS LARGEST
PLANT IN WORLD.

Laying claim to the largest plant in the world for the
manufacture of machinery for the mechanical transmis¬
sion of power, is no idle boast with the Dodge Manufac¬
turing Company, Mishawaka, Ind., whose buildings cover
nearly 40 acres in a 60 acre location on the Lake Shore &
Michigan Southern Railway.

The consumption of raw materials, the production of
finished goods, and the capacities of the power and me¬
chanical equipment, are evidence of the extensiveness of
the factory.

There is annually consumed 20,000 tons of pig iron,
7,000,000 feet of lumber, 900 tons of steel and structural
iron, 6,200 tons of steel shafting and 9,000 tons of coal.

There are annually produced 250,000 “Independence”
wood split pulleys, 100,000 “Dodge Standard” iron split
pulleys, 90,000 solid iron pulleys, 95,000 hangers, 150,000
bearings of all types, 4,000 friction clutches and more than
2.000,000 lbs., of bearing metal.

The steam boilers have a capacity of 1,500 h. p. and the
steam engines 1,500 h. p. with electric generators of
250 k. w.

The steel shop in which the Eureka water softener and
purifier is made, has a capacity of 52 fully equipped ma¬
chines per annum.

YORK BRICK MEN HAVE CONSOLIDATED.

The brick manufacturers in York, Pa., have been con¬
solidated and if in the future contractors and dealers want
to buy bricks they will have to do’ so through the York
Brick Exchange. However, this form of selling mud
products through a direct exchange only applies to sales
made from local manufacturers. The consolidation was
brought about to establish a uniform price, and was
launched at a meeting of York’s leading brick manufac¬
turers.

Whether it will affect the prices of the building utensils
could not be learned definitely, but according to one of
the manufacturers, prices may advance.

The consolidation will affect the following manufac¬
turers: B. Kissinger, C. E. Miller and W. H. Grothe.
John F. Kissinger was elected president of the exchange.
H. B. Mehring was elected secretary and general sales
manager. Mr. Lucas was chosen assistant secretary.
The executive committee is composed of all members of
the exchange.

The York Brick Exchange has opened an office in the
P. A. and S. Small building, Center Square, where it will
conduct future business.

CANADIAN CEMENT CO. TO ACQUIRE STOCK.

The prospectus of the Canada Cement Company, which
proposes to acquire a majority of the stock of the West¬
ern Canada Portland Cement Company, limited, in addi¬
tion to the ten companies previously announced, has been
issued. According to this the corporation will issue $5,-
000,000 7 per cent cumulative preferred shares at $93.00
a share, which will carry with it a bonus of 25 per cent in
ordinary shares. Subscriptions for $3,200,000 of the pre¬
ferred shares, it is stated, have been received. The esti¬
mated net earnings amount to $1,900,000. After paying
interest on its $5,000,000 6 per cent bonds, an annual 2
per cent sinking fund on the same, and 7 per cent on the
$10,500,000 preferred stock, it is figured that the new
company should have left $765,000 available for dividends
on the ordinary shares.

CLAY RECORD

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS.

The Imperial Porcelain Co., Trenton, N. J., have let
the contracts to rebuild their plant which was recently
destroyed by fire. The work will cost $12,00?.

An addition will be made to the Harley Pottery Co.'s
plant on Clifton Ave., Nashville, Tenn. A permit has
already been made for the work.

The Florentine Pottery, Chillicothe, Ohio, is working
at its fullest capacity manufacturing sanitary ware, and
soon will be forced to double the capacity of the plant.

The Bradshaw Pottery, Niles, Ohio, which has been in
the hands of a receiver, is now advertised for sale for Oct.
2nd. A number of parties have made offers for the plant.

The Gotham Tile Co., New York, has been incorporated
with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are Charles
M. Rosenthal, J. N. Baum and A. A. Bertini.

The Thomas Maddock’s Sons Co., Trenton, N. J.. held
their annual outing to over 1,000 potters. The affair was
held at the Inter-State Fair Grounds and was one of the
greatest industrial picnics ever held.

The Sebring, O., Art Stone Co. has been incorporated
to utilize the waste products of the potteries of the Se¬
bring districts. It is planned to manufacture building
blocks from the waste.

W. R. Williams is at the head of a $50,000 company
that will build a specialty pottery at Grafton, W. Va.
East Liverpool manufacturers will get the machinery
order.

Additional clay working machinery has been installed
in the plant of the Homer Laughlin China Co., at Newell.
W. Va. This firm is working its 64 kilns to a larger ca¬
pacity than ever.

W. H. Tantum of Broadway, Va. is considering the
building of a pottery to make electrical supplies, such as
cleats, knobs, tubes, sockets, receptacles, etc., and is con¬
sidering Baltimore, Md.

Glengary, a small village near Sherman, Wexford Co..
Mich., is to have a pottery. The business men have sub¬
scribed $30,000. The product to be made from clay taken
from the banks of the Manistee River.

It has been circulated that a new Electrical Porcelain
factory is to be located at Newell, W. Va., just east of the
Homer Laughlin Potteries. John W. Boch, the expert
ceramist will be at the head. It is supposed to be a West-
inghouse enterprise.

The Globe Pottery Co., East Liverpool. O., at their an¬
nual election, elected N. A. Frederick president and Clar¬
ence A. Bauman secretary, treasurer and general mana¬
ger. Mr. Frederick has practically turned over the affairs
of the company to Mr. Bauman and other younger heads.

Arrangements have practically been completed for the
establishing of a pottery for the manufacture of fine china
ware at Big Rapids, Mich. The citizens will raise $60,-
000 and E. J. Owen of Ohio will build a $150,000 pottery
employing 200 people within four months.

L. R. Whitney, general manager of the National Drain
Tile Co., headquarters at Terre Haute, Ind., has been
selected by the Citizens Independent League of Terra
Haute as their candidate for Mayor. He is a model
business man and will give them a business administra¬
tion.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Griffin (Ga.) Pressed Brick Co., have enlarged the
capacity and improved the quality of their brick.

The Cunningham Brick Co., Greensboro, N. C., are
making many improvements and increasing the capacity
of their plant.

W. D. Simon & Son, owners of the Churdan (la.) Brick
& Tile Works, are having a large sale of their goods and
cannot supply the demand.

A big brick factory, to cost about $20,000 may be
located at Corvallis, Oregon. J. W. Robinson of Elgin,
is interested.

The Brownwood, Texas, shale is attracting considerable
interest in that section of the country. The Brownwood
Commercial Club is interesting itself in the matter.

The Southern Brick Co., Atlanta, Ga., has been incor¬
porated with $15,000 capital stock by W. L. Pethel, T. E.
Simmons and William E. Withers.

A brick and tile company are in communication with
Guy H. Powell, of Warroad, Minn., in reference to their
installing a brick and tile plant there.

The Star Brick Co., of Nowata, Okla., has been incor¬
porated with $25,000 capital stock. The incorporators
are E. C. Pollard, J. J. Riner and P. D. Kirk.

The Clark Brick Co., Malvern, Ark., has been awarded
the contract to furnish 1,000,000 brick for the State Na¬
tional Bank, at Little Rock.

Dalton, Ga., may have a large brick plant in the future
if the plans of Morris & Co., are carried through, to build
a large ice and cold storage plant.

Charles A. Tramp has sold his interest in the Creston
Brick & Tile Works at Creston, la., to his brothers, W.
C. and H. L. Tramp, who are now the sole owners.

The Streator (HI.) Clay Manufacturing Co. are contem¬
plating the building of a brick manufacturing plant with
50,000 daily capacity.

The Seneca (Kan) Shale Brick Co. are doing a slashing
business and it is impossible to fill the orders with a full
force of men all the time.

The Coleman {Texas) Brick & Tile Co. is preparing to
put in a $25,000 plant and has an expert making a thorough
examination and test of the clays.

The Western Fire Brick Co., has sold its plant and pro¬
perty at Argo, to the Denver (Col.) Sewer Pipe & Clay
Co., and the new owners will convert it into a pressed
brick manufactory. The consideration was $50,000.

James W. Lansberry, who for several years has been
the superintendent of the Union Mining Co’s, fire brick
works at Mount Savage, Md., has resigned and Clarence
Lansberry, his brother, who has been the assistant super¬
intendent has succeeded him.

There is great excitement among the farmers and prop¬
erty owners at Sackett Lake, not far from New York
city, over a discovery of a clay that burns as well as coal
and abounds in great quantities. This clay, when dug
up and allowed to dry out in the sun, becomes porous and
hard as flint. A lighted match will ignite the clay and it
burns until consumed. A specimen of the clay has been
sent to Cornell LTniversity to be analyzed.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged *> *» Loc»ti°"s

These Kilns can be «een burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tde, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Points of Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. HA I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

CLKY RECORD

The Giddings (Tex.) Pressed Brick Co. has opened up
its second kiln of brick ; same are better than the first,
which were pronounced first-class.

American purchasers of British clays via the port of
Plymouth, in Devonshire, Eng., aggregate $1,547,933 in
the year ending June 30.

Employes of the Ridley Park Brick Co., Philadelphia,
la., were getting $1.80 per day and struck for $2.00, which
was granted to them after a delay of part of a day.

The stockholders of the Jonesboro Clay & Mining Co.,
held their annual meeting in the company office, 1907
Geyer Ave., St. Louis, Mo., the 27th. Ferdinand Ammann
is president and M. T. Ammann, secretary.

G. W. Life, Second St., Portsmouth, Ohio, has on ex¬
hibition brick made from the clay taken from his father's
farm in the Shenandoah valley, and a company is being
organized to develop the industry.

The Sapulpa (Okla.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $100,000 capital stock. Incorporators are O. A.
Iventner, C. D. Powell, E. C. Wallace and Joseph Bruner,
of Sapulpa ; W. H. Powell, of Wichita, Kan., E. N. Cause,
of Caney, Kan., and John B. Paul, of Kansas City, Mo.

R. E. Weaver, of Akron, Ohio, has leased the Harris
Brick Co’s, plant at Zanesville, Ohio, which burned to
the ground last week and will rebuilt as soon as possible,
so that the plant will be running full force within six
months. Mr. Weaver has orders ahead for one year.

M. A. Metzer, formerly connected with the C. Pardee
Works and later with the M. A. Metzer Tile Works at
Perth Amboy, N. J., has gone to California and taken a
position in the management of the Western Art Tile Co.
The Metzer plant has been closed down.

Axel Anderson, of the Anderson Brick Co., Minneapolis,
Minn., is willing to solve the workhouse brick problem
and to take the 2,650,000 brick off their hands at a fair
price. He does not feel any union organization trouble
by so doing and believes a favor is being done to the city.

The Buckeye Clay Pot Co. has bought land near the
Libby Glass Co’s, plant at Toledo, Ohio, and will build a
plant to make clay pots for glass making. M. J. Owens
and the officers of the Libby Glass Co. are interested in
the $10,000 company.

NOTICE I

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY!

is registered in the U. S. Patent Office and is our
exclusive property It brands our best burned
clay products All manufacturers and dealers,
except those selling our goods, are warned B

I against infringement.

Boston FISKE & CO., InC., New York j

The Board of Trade of Wellsboro, Pa., are endeavoring
to secure a brick plant for that place.

The brick plant at the Minneapolis, Minn, workhouse
has been closed by Superintendent F. R. McDonald.

The Newton, Kansas, Commercial Club have tested
clays and claim to have most excellent ones that will be
used within the next six months, making brick of high
grade.

The Lehigh (la.) Sewer Pipe & Tile Co., recently held
their annual meeting in the company office at Ft. Dodge.
They have added two new kilns and are now putting in
new boilers.

The Wyoming Brick Co., under the new management
of G. A. N. Thorn, has completed two new kilns and are
now putting in new machinery. The brick are delivered
by a great Auto truck, its capacity being 4,000 brick.

The Y. O. C. Brick Co., Pine Bluff, Ark., have the con¬
tract for the brick for the seven story bank building for
the Citizens’ Bank. The Southern Building Co., of Louis¬
ville, Ivy., having the general contract.

The Barboursville (W. Ya.) Clay Mfg. Co. has been
organized with $25,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
S. B. Deering, and P. W. Yost, of Amos; E. E. Adkin, G.
E. Thornburg, M. O. Johnson and F. W. Payton, of Bar¬
boursville.

The Black Diamond Brick Works, Portsmouth, Ohio,
has undergone a number of improvements and will re¬
sume operations soon. Quite a number of new kilns have
been built and the capacity of the plant has been greatly
increased.

DIRECT HEAT

FOR

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

American Process Co.,

68 William Si. f'FW YORK CITY

i/LftY H.6t;UHU

Mounds (Okla.) citizens are working for a brick making
plant for their town.

The Claytonia Brick & Clay Co., Evansville, Ind., re¬
cently declared bankrupt has been discharged.

The Akron Vitrified Clay Mfg. Co. have purchased 20
acres of clay land adjoining their clay banks at Akron,
Ohio.

Frank Richmond, the Hannibal, Mo., brick manufac¬
turer and contractor is burning his last kiln of brick for
the season, it contains 400,000 brick.

Harry Jiencke, Independence, Kansas, has most of the
outside capital subscribed for a large vitrified brick works
to be built south of Rock Creek.

\Y. H. Miller, a Mulberry, Kansas banker,, has bought
the Arcadia (Kansas) Brick Works, and it is supposed
he will reorganize and operate same.

The Columbia Clay Works plant at Columbia, Ill., is
offered for sale. The office of the company is at 610 Com¬
monwealth Trust Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.

Leon Iveeble Brick Co., Fort Worth, Texas, has been
incorporated with $20,000 capital stock. Incorporators
are W. H. Rivers, W. C. Rivers and Leon Keeble.

E. C. Baldridge has leased several acres of clay land on
Mount Prospect, Manhattan, Kansas, and will construct
a brick plant. The machinery is already on the ground.

The brick plant of Brower & Best, of Thompsonville,
Conn, has resumed work after a week’s shut down. Thq
firm closed a contract to supply 2,000,000 brick for imme¬
diate shipment.

The Union Brick Co., Cherryvale, Kansas, has a large
force of men laying a pipe line from their Coffeyville Co’s,
plant to supply water. The plant is now shut down for
the want of same.

The Gem City Paving Brick plant, 12th St., below Lo¬
cust St., Quincy, Ill., has been bought by Hutmacher
Bros., ice dealers and they will dismantle the plant and
sell the machinery.

The American Clay Products Mfg. Co., St. Paul, Minn,
has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. In¬
corporators are L. F. Mettelman, C. R. Parker and F. H.
Schriber of St. Paul.

The Windsor Brick Co., Akron, Ohio, has increased the
capacity of its plant from 36,000 to 63,000 brick daily, the
addition being fireproof. A new power plant is now being
added to the equipment.

J. B. Watson, superintendent of the Freeman plant of
the Washington Brick, Lime & Mfg. Co., has resigned
and J. R. King, of Clayton, succeeds him. The company
is making arrangements for a good water supply.

The Oklahoma Brick, Tile & Gas Co., Blackwell, Okla.,
has been organized with $150,000 capital stock by J. W.
Beatty, Z. A. Harris, W. D. Kistler, W. H. Thompson,
Wm. Vickery and Willard Toster all of Blackwell.

The Muskogee (Okla.) Pressed Brick Co. will com¬
mence operations at Crekola in 60 days. The company is
organized for $30,000 with A. B. Beilis, president; J. M.
Perkins, vice-president; J. M. Gossom, secretary; and
Frank Fee, treasurer. They will use natural gas from
the Shoenfelt wells to burn pressed brick.

J he Maben (Miss) Brick Works has been started up
after being idle for several months.

The Barron (Wis.) Red Pressed Brick Co. has in¬
creased its capital stock from $10,000 to $12,000.

1 he York (Pa.) Clay Co. has been incorporated by W.
F. B. Stuart, John McCoy, Robt. L. Motler and Harry C.
Metier.

The Alliance (Ohio) Clay Products L.o. have the con¬
tract to furnish the brick for the new baseball grounds in
course of construction at Cleveland, Ohio.

The S. Barnes & Co. Brick Works at Rochester, Pa.
will be rebuilt as soon as possible. The plant is at Boles-
ville.

The Densmore (Lebanon, N. H.) Brick Co., has com¬
menced to ship brick to Barre, Vt. Its first shipment
being an order for 350,000 brick.

R. W. Russey, Arkansas City, Kansas, has had samples
of shale tested and made into satisfactory brick and is now
trying to organize a company to build a plant and make
them.

1 he Buhl (Idaho) Pressed Brick Works is developing
the city by transforming it from a shack town to modern
brick buildings. They will double the capacity* of the
plant before next season.

The Peebles Paving Brick Co., Portsmouth, Ohio, has
commenced the building of a large and latest-improved
kiln which is 10 times as large as the average one. This
will greatly increase the capacity of the plant.

The Alton (Ill.) Brick Co. has been shut down for a
week so as to electrify all the machinery. The fine power
house has been completed, machinery installed and every¬
thing ready to operate in the future by electricity.

The New Era Brick Co’s, plant, Bayr City, Mich, has
been closed down on account of an injunction enjoining
the company from operating it until the -smoke stacks
are raised to 60 feet. The company had brick in the kilns
for this purpose.

O. F. Leonard, who was the moving spirit in the Carbon
(Ind.) Clay Works, known as the Indiana Fire Proofing
Co., is making an effort to have the receiver of the plant
operate same until the small obligations are paid, then
turn it over to the company.

The Mass City Brick Co’s, plant has been dismantled
and the machinery shipped to St. Ignace, Mich., where the
Northern Michigan Brick & Tile Co. are rebuilding it.
Thomas Rustin is the assistant superintendent and in
charge of the work.

The Alliance (Ohio) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $300,000 capital stock. Incorporators are F. A.
Iloiles, W. H. Purcell, George Reeves, A. S. Reeves, F.
E. Dussell, Ross Rue, Fred Zurbrugg and Isador Koch.
The company will manufacture various kinds of clay
products.

Inquiry No. 3924 Bureau of Manufacturers, Washing¬
ton, D. C. comes from Canada requesting the names of
American concerns manufacturing machinery for a port-
land cement plant. It states that they expect to build one
shortly and will place his order in the United States for
the machinery.

CiftuMV RECOR1P-

FOR SALE

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10.000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

WANTED

One goad second hand Housing for Stevenson 9
foot dry pan, 2 pieces. Address,

BOX 52.

Hyndman, Pa.

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 four-mold brick press.

1 Freise stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 dry press mixer.

2 small engines.

I.et us know your'wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the .lames River. 90 miles from Richmond.
18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in
operation. Therefore would make verv easy terms.
Address MRS. AGNES I,. TURNER,

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

* FOR SALE

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 314 to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L- FINK,
Bricelyn, Minn

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

POSITION WANTED

As general superintendent or general manager of a
large brick works— Or the planning and building of a
large plant. Twenty years experience with all
kinds of clays and shales and all processes from mud
to dry process yards. All styles of wood, coal and
gas icilns. Understands the business thoroughly
from clay pit to office work. Also competent in
Sewer pipe and architectural Terra Cotta Manufac¬
ture. Address Brick Yard Supt.

Office 56, No 84 Washington St.

Chicago, Ill.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago. Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Address ■•SAND-LIME,”

Care of Clay Record, Chicago Ill.

FOR SALE

Bight and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLA8 OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

CLAY FOR SALE

Tell us what kind of Clay is wanted; we may have
it in our line.

Industrial Commission, Soo Ry.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

A BAGAIN

1 E. M. Freese Automatic Cutter, Cost $600; good
as new; will sell for $300.

1 American Clay Working Machinery Co. Clay
Crusher, good condition, $100.

I No. 8 Penfield Auger Brick Machine, capacity
25,000 to 30,000 per day.

83 Roller Bearing Iron Dryer Cars, decks 3 ft. by
6 ft 8 in., in good condition, '$5.00 each.

This machinery is all in good condition and I am
offering it at little above scrap prices.

If interested write,

Jas. F. Du Bois,

Bell ai re, Ohio.

WANTED

A practical brick and tile man to take the
management of a brick and tile plant and invest
some money. No tile plant within 100 miles Can¬
not supply the demand. Everything up-to-date in
machinery, dryers, kilns, etc. Located in Michigan.

Adddress ‘MICHIGAN" Care of Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch.
Brazil, lnd.

DRYER CARS

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa-
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery-
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

Superintendent of Combined Dry Press and Stiff
Mud Yard. Capacity about 60.000' Best equipped
plant in the south. Want high grade experienced
man; married man preferred. Right salary to right
man.

GULF STATE BRICK CO.

Beaumont, Texas.

WANTED

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire clay proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

"LOCATION" Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

Paper Jogger* quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.0

Ro better made, cut trw
SB and $10, ti

4 Wheel. $3.06

5 Wheel, *3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealer*.

BATTLE CREEK. MICH-

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fire
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M . Care of Clay Record.

Chicago. Ill,

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

■ I have a nice little Brick and Tile Plant that sup¬
plies a local trade of 500,000 to 80u 000 Brick
and 100,000 Tile. 7 acres of fine red burning clay . New
6 room dwelling, new 40 H .P. Engine. 65 H. P. Boiler,
Frost make Frost Dry Pan. Brewer Mill, Automatic
cutter. Hoisting drum. Steel track, everything in
first-class running condition. No debt. Sheds and
Buildings newly roofed. 2 good down draft kilns,
Stiff mud pallets for 100.000 brick, premises newly
fenced with "American Field.” Good pasture and
fine for truck, right in town. $12,000 would scarcely
replace it. Will take $1,900 cash, $2,000 down, time
on rest. Would consider an exchange for small
well improved property at its low cash value. If
this looks right to you come and see it, no time to
fool away in correspondence.

C. A. ZANDER,

Rushville, Ill.

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Rua
ning concern in one of the best cities ia Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

I have a Brick and Tile Plant costing $20,000. Elec¬
tric Power, Steam Dryer. Make soft mud and stiff
mud brick and drain tile. I want a man with a few
thousand dollars to take one-half interest in the
business If you are looking for a good chance to
get into business by investing at 50 cents on the
dollar, address

J. J. MILLER,
Benton Harbor, Mich.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO..

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20 i 0 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg. Va

m m m. m

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
PRESSURE.

40/ Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First=Class Hard Brick.
OFFICE; MONGER BLDG. Elkhart, Indiana

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABBIBI. &

PeJft'U., NEW YORK

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS '
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Don't Let Your Profits Run Away

We can save you from $500.00 to $1,000.00 per- year,
through the use of this modern Clay Feeder.

Write today for our latest catalog fully describing this

new Clay Feeder and Mixer.

The Marion Flue Blower, (patented February 23, 1909)
will save 10 per cent of your fuel. It will insure you
clean tubes; will prolong the life of the boiler; it will
prevent the accumulation of soot; it will save the cost of
steam hose; it will enable you to clean your boiler while
in commision. The accompanying cut shows how the
Flue Blower is installed in the rear wall of your boiler.
Each blower is fitted with a nozzle which rotates, and
each opening in the nozzle blows a section of the boiler
tubes at a time. We furnish different sizes as required,
and positively guarantee to blow each flue clean.

Please send for our latest catalog fnlly describing this
useful invention.

MARION MACHINE FOUNDRY AND SUPPLY CO., - Marion, Inndiana

CLHY RECORD.

OHIO, q -S. A

Roofing Tile Press

Eagle Repress

Model "B” Drj Press

Special Giant Brick Machine

No. 65 Auger Brick Machine

No. 83 Automatic Cutter

No. 2 Giant Brick Machine

No. 38 Double Shaft Pug Mill

No. 51 Electrical Driven Pug Mill

We Build Every Machine and Every Appliance Needed for the Manufacture of Every Class of Clay

Products by Every Process

O'JLiMY

mi-t

iJGJ-r/

rilOiti/i

OKI O t U .S. A

Sewer Pipe Machinery

Upright Stock Brick Machine

Sand-Lime Brick Machinery

9 Foot Dry Pan

Blower Dryer Apparatus

Hold Sander

■chine

No. 62 Hand Power Cutter

Dry Cars

Disintegrators

Winding Drums

We are Much the Largest and Much the Most Extensive Manufacturers of Much the Best Clay

Working Machinery in the World

¥ fH

' j

' ■* if

; v 1

! HfflfcV

r ■ ™<#M-

■<** ■.

HP a

f ^ j*

■V/i

Jmmj

\ff /l.

GLHY RECORD.

Fire Brick - Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save 3-0 u mone}\

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Glav Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

rr.

AAA* A* A A A ^ ™

Something New In Brick

Kilns and Dryers *

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of d vantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April! 4,
1903 and September 8. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St.. Norfolk. Va.

«ro H9 iur ’

■II

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; dela>’s are
dangerous.

O.J. Childs Company

Utica, N. Y.

Sole

Manulacturers

i AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER }

f - - - - - — - t

*
*
*
*
*
$

ST. LOUIS, MO. ^

)

(

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30% to 60% less 3peed, and 25$ to 50$ less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIKUGAI, FORCE . , , , .. .

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which

it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information!

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg'.,

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis. 36 TaSalle St.. Chicago, Ill.

I R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.
Lindrooth. Shubart & Co.. Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS j

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES— Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14^x
16 Buckeye, 14«4xl4 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 914x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES — Throttling— 16x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x 1 6 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.

& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Eire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,

12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,

5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS — All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader" Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Rand le Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

■•■•a*

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN co. pittsburr, pa.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pan* for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running

Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works ma^ca'ty

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You- We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

CLMY RECORD,

Masssive and well proportioned .
Best material.

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mullers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity 10 to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.

* Built to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

COLUMBUS, OHIO

112 West Broad Street

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTLER

THE HAYDEN CLAY CRUSHER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATr D APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

I -

Perfected
Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The "Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No.2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

w th handle to adjust tip to
s-uit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

A well-tried and

proven Success.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong
Rl^d- (Patented)

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STIX_iES, OHIO

glhy record,

Paul Fuchs

m m . . . .. r> j T : TZ> „i, T

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co.

Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My. system enables the manufacturer (jto turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for

examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE.

Chicago, U.S.A,

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 2 Shovel— Pioneer Fireproofing. Co., Ottawa, Ill.

a ■

a a

Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated hv one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us tor Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL GO.

LORAIN, OHIO

office and shops (335 SLOAN STREET »* c. & n. w. ry. CHICAGO

CLHY RECORD. «

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

1 i

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORCINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

CL-HY RECORD.

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND
ifPw COMPLETE
PT/H SATISFACTION
WA// ' \ THROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

MODEL SAND DRYER

OF ALL KINDS
BUILT I"/
RIGHT H

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK

MOULDS \siiEfe

THAT

ARE

BU,LT g*

FOR ^||

HARD

USAGE §£«

TRUCKS

Wt BUILD DRY OR WET PARS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US

WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS’

STYLE >*P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

I ^KQh^ idH<|0 Hj{db [dclOKj ^

CLHY RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22<1, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95620
November 14, 1905, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

This Dryer, and the design in arranging it, are under the protection of the United States
Government by virtue of patents granted. Patents have also been taken out in all the
principal foreign countries. We are the sole owners and control these important
patfents and have authorized NO ONE to manufacture or sell the “MARTIN

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

THE HENRY

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MEG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

i HaoMoaoman mou^ a

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any oilier way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £> Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Giant

Wt also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

CS*0

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

GARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

ilFT.

No. 161 >A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry ‘Car.

ar and Mfe. Co

THE DI66EMINA
0F ALL MATTERS
I • PERTAiHittQ

NDUSTK*

Fire Insurance oil Brick Yards .

Brick Company Files Petition in Bankruptcy .

The Farmer and Tile Manufacturer ... .

Th%boerkfitrdshTpPsao^ the^lYut0” *** ^ S°"thwest' Which

BnCRidfng on Cars"305”10"3 V°,C P,X PenaUy 8t Five dollars for
The Horseheads Brick Works Destroyed by Fire
Crawfordsville Shale Brick Co. Has Evolved a Superior Brick

Clay-Preparing Machinery . r ' '

A New Cement Plant for Idaho of Very Large Capacity .

Reports from all Sections of the Western Pottery District Show - be-
cided Improvement 24 Pacific Coast News Items ~

Fire Brick Plant will now Make Pressed Brick ‘

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer ' ' ' '
Municipal Bricklaying and its Cost . . . lauuiacturei . . . .

Obituary . . .

Fire' Fire!! Fire!!! .

Brickmakers Clay Rich in Silver

18
19

; Prosperity
Force

-Now in Fine Shape .

Big Tile Kilns” Blows Up with :ip- V-T*'*'* .

Mr. Stick Home from Europe . .

Fire Brick Company Adds f 30, 000 to it's Stock
Clay Working Machines ...

Columbus Concern Makes Green Brick .

Canada’s Cement Merger , .

First Fires Started at Harbison-Walker Knslev 1 '

I.ite Snuffed Out by Deadly Dynamite
Both Legs of Brick Manufacturer Crushed Off ’

National Fireproofing Co. Sells Washington Property
White Pressed Brick Plant Sold

Roofing Tile Factory is Totally Distroved by ViY • , , p

McDonough Clay Product Company Organ fzed v. uh Mai.; biWdes at 32
Macomb 32 Foxnall Brick Co. Plan; n. .'re .! I ire

Kansas Will Test Your Clav ....

Chicago Cement Show in Febuary ' ' ' -

Philadelphia One of the Three Great Brick M; • ■ i.-.i . . .ue-s ' 33

Miscellaneous Hems .

. l. . ‘ . , Hi

26
28
28

, . 29

. . 29

. . 20

30
30
30
30

31
31
31

32
32
32

ANNOUNCEMENT

It is with pleasure that we inform you
of our acquisition of the patents, business
and good will of the Horton Manufacturing
Company of Painesville, Ohio.

The Horton Manufacturing Company
build the most complete and perfect line of
Soft Mud Brick Making Machinery in the
United States, which, added to our line
of modern machinery, will constitute the
strongest power in the world of Clay Work¬
ing Machinery.

The new line will be christened the
“Raymond-Horton” and is now placed be¬
fore you as the embodiment of Soft Mud
perfection.

. . . . — '

THEC.W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

The Raymond-Horton

The unification of the Raymond-Horton Soft Mud lines brings
into being the magnificent results of the best thoughts on the
subject. With all experiments made and every machine, with
its efficiency demonstrated beyond the point where there is not
the faintest shadow of a doubt as to its practicability.

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and all appurtenances will be manufac¬
tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

We are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray¬
mond-Horton line.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any o’her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £> Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 years.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District.

ft!

* *

« «

ft **-

K Scott Manufacturing Co. ft

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING ft

g ST. LOUIS - - MISSOURI K

ft g

ftftftKftSftftftSftftftSftSftftftftftftftftftftKftftft

x *

■

X M
A *

THE BOYD BRICK PRE55

Built in Two, Four and Six- Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd St White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL,

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

FOUR -MOLD “ACME"

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS

CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

Emm

The Fernholtz Brick Press

Weighs SIXTEEN Tods, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure on Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than any other Dry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Road,

ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLKV RECORD.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient' Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE RRIOK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - ST, LOUIS, MO.

E. ML EREESE & COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION.

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

GALION

OHIO

THE UP O T T S

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. Si A. POTTS Si CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

CLAY RECORD.

Strong, Heavy Hachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, 111.

CLAY CRUSHERS

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white-iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5l/2 in. face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications IfMflTkcd

<®> II. Brewer & Co. <®

ItS Good TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It’s Wood

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “ Blue
Sky.”

STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THEJGUILDER CAR

THE

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Entered as Second-Class Matter January 25, 1893, at the Post Office at Chicago Ill., under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. No. 7.

FIRE INSURARNCE ON BRICK YARDS*

By N. L. Meir, La Crosse, Wis.

The subject of fire insurance is a "burning question" and
it is one as to its cost and reliability that I think is of in¬
terest to every manufacturer of clay products, but as to
those who are so fortunate as to have fireproof plants, in
which there is nothing to burn, who do not need it, but the
problem of getting good insurance at reasonable rates ap¬
peals to most of us.

The difficulty of obtaining insurance on brick yards in the
country at reasonable rates is partly due to the high risks
which the insurance companies are responsible for.

As brick yards are mostly constructed of combustible ma¬
terial, in fact in some localities no insurance can be obtained,
especially where the plant has no fire protection of any kind,
and the buildings being poorly constructed and are too close
together.

And if there should be a company that would take a risk
of that kind they would insure for about 15 per cent, the
value of the property and guarantee a good high rate.

In order to reduce the high insurance rates on clay product
manufacturing plants, and make it less difficult to obtain in¬
surance on them, they should use more fireproof material in
their construction, and every plant insured or not insured
should have some sort of fire protection, such as force pumps,
hydrants, fire extinguishers, or barrels of water with pails
located at convenient places about the yard. Brickyards be¬
ing built nowadays should avoid the use of combustible ma¬
terial as much as possible, especially in places where fireproof
material can be used, or if possible build entirely fireproof,
that is, if the clay deposit is sufficient to warrant the con¬
struction of a permanent plant, as the insurance rates for
such plants are so much lower than those asked for the old-
fashioned plants that the investment proves profitable from
any point of view.

It is the general estimate of builders that the cost of build¬
ing in a way to make a factory or plant practically safe
against fire is only 15 per cent, more than for the ordinary
method which requires heavy insurance rates.

Fire insurance companies are encouraging the building of
fireproof manufacturing plants through the reduction in
rates, and the plant which is practically safe from great
damages by fires enjoys such reductions, the insurance to
protect such property is relatively small, and in case of fire
the damage is chiefly local and is limited in most cases to the
destruction of combustible material.

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 per Teat
Single Copies, - IOC*Bt>

Under existing conditions of manufacturing, the work of
building new plants in the old way is not only extravagant and
uneconomical but almost criminal in purpose. Cheap con-
jou op suoijipuoo puB p3juui[ si ab[J) jo ^ddiis- aqj puB ‘jjmq
.ouiaq s| juejd Aiejodiuaj e ajaqAv sjqBijijsnf aq Xblu uoipnjjs
warrant permanent and expensive construction. In case of
fire in a plant of wooden construction and when everything is
dry, it would not take very long before the whole plant would
be destroyed, the loss in buildings and machinery may not be
so great as the loss in business and the canceling of con¬
tracts if there are any, and the amount of insurance usually
carried by such plants can not compensate for the cancelling
of large contracts and the fulfillment of orders from old and
new customers.

In going into the matter of insurance on brick yards with
about twenty different fire insurance companies, I found that
every one of them had brick yards on the list of prohibited
risks, but there are many more on that same list, so we are
not the only ones on the list. of “bad actors.”

Risks on the prohibited list of the companies are as follows':
Planing mills, flour mills, saw and shingle mills, grain ele¬
vators, broom and brush factories, brick or tile factories, ice
houses and tobacco sheds.

And there are a great many more too numerous to mention.
But insurance companies some times accept prohibited risks
when the moral and physical hazard is A i.

Rates on a few of the different risks are as follows :

Retail lumber yards . $1.70 per $100.00

Flour mills . • . 2.00 per 100.06

Grain elevators . 3.25 per 100.00

Ice houses . 4.00 per 100.00

Planing mills . 4.25 per 100.00

These risks are carrying from 60, 70 to 80 per cent. In
sending out a few inquiries to brick yards in different lo¬
calities in order to find out what rate of insurance they are
paying, I notice that every one was paying a different rate.
The rates paid by them are from $3.00 to $3.25 and $3.55
per $100.00.

I presume the variation of rates in the different localities
is due to the location and the way the plants are constructed,
and I think that brick yards located out of the city limits are
paying a higher rate.

As insurance companies say risks out of reach of fire de¬
partments and city water are usually given a higher rate.

A GENERAL DISCUSSION ON FIRE INSURANCE*

President Kennedy : This paper is now open for discus¬
sion. I would like you gentlemen to ask questions freely and
we will do our best to answer them.

CHICAGO, OCTOBER 15, 1909

♦Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association. #

CL.F5Y

RECORD.

Secretary Wilson : How many members are there pres¬
ent here who carry insurance on their brick yards? and what
are the rates which you are obliged to pay ?

In response to this question eight men rose who stated
that their premiums ranged from $3.00 to $1.75 respectively.

Secretary Wilson: I will say that I have been more or
less interested in this subject for some time and it has oc¬
curred to me to ask whether it would not be advisable to at
least investigate the feasibility of organizing a Mutual In¬
surance Company of our own. The Retail Lumber Dealers
Association of Wisconsin have a similar association in con¬
nection with their organization. They insure lumber yards
for their members up to a certain limit, which I believe is
$3,000. Their insurance department has been in existence
for quite a number of years and I understand is a complete
success. I have gone into this question somewhat with the
secretary of the Retail Lumber Dealers Mutual hire As¬
sociation in an endeavor to obtain some definite information
on the subject. My inquiries have not developed into any¬
thing beyond the fact that I feel convinced it would be well
for us to investigate the matter thoroughly. There are. a
great many details to be taken into consideration on a prop¬
osition of this kind. In the first place, I understand that
the law requires a subscription or obligation for at least fifty
thousand dollars of insurance before we could receive the
sanction of the insurance commissioner of the state to do
business. We would also need to gather some statistics and
take into consideration the losses which have occurred dur¬
ing the past few years. I merely speak of this subject at
this time because I have discussed it with various members
and it appears to me that it is a matter which deserves con¬
sideration. ...

Mr. F. L. Sanborn, Portage : It seems to me that it would
be well to appoint a committee whose duty it shall be to in¬
vestigate this matter and report at our next meeting. They
could make thorough inquiries and then report whether they
would recommend the formation of a mutual fire insurance
company or not.

Mr. L. T. Crabtree: I have been somewhat interested in
this subject and have been investigating it privately for some
time. I did not feel fully prepared to bring up the matter
now, but since it has come up for discussion, I believe it will
lead to good results if we should consider it. I propose to
seek the sentiment of this gathering and would suggest that
a committee of three be appointed by the chair, with instruc¬
tions to report at some time during this convention, in order
that we may decide whether some action cannot be taken
towards organizing a mutual company. I would like to know
how much insurance can be obtained among our members
in order to hold the required fifty thousand dollars of actual
insurance in order to enable us to organize a company. When
this is secured we can get a charter from the secretary of
state and are then permitted to organize a. mutual insurance
company. The routine work is not very difficult, and it does
not require any great amount of clerical work. I know of a
number of brickmakers who do not carry any insurance on
their plants because the rates which have been quoted them
by the insurance companies are practically prohibitive. My
knowledge of brickyards leads me to the belief that a file 00
curs but very seldom and the risk consequently would not be

very great. .

I therefore make a motion that the chair be authorized to
appoint a committee with instructions to investigate this mat¬
ter and report back some time during this convention, on the
feasibility of organizing a mutual insurance company.

Major J. W. Hinkley : In seconding this motion I wish to
say that I am in thorough sympathy with it. I do not carty
any insurance at present, because I cannot afford it at the
rates which were quoted to me. The rate on our nlant for
about six or eight years was at 2 per cent.' and shortly there¬

after it was raised, and now they desire to again raise the
rate to 3 per cent. You cannot get any fire insurance at a
reasonable rate except with some wildcat company, which
is also extremely unsatisfactory, and we therefore decided
to drop the insurance and carry that item ourselves. I do
not care to do that, however, if we could have a mutual com¬
pany organized in the state, and I am sure we could carry the
insurance at a much less cost to ourselves than is demanded
by the insurance agents.

Upon being put to a vote, the motion was unanimously car¬
ried.

The chair thereupon appointed Messrs. L. T. Crabtree,
Major J. W. Hinckley and N. L. Meir as members of that
committee.

Mr. C. W. Lansing: I wish to suggest that the committee
investigate the system adopted by another national associa¬
tion. They have a system of assessment for losses. I believe
their initial cost is about $3.00, and when a fire loss occurs
that loss is divided up by assessment, and I am informed the
figures show that the system has been very successful and
that notwithstanding the fire losses that have been paid, it has
reduced the cost of the insurance paid by the farmers
throughout the country. I think it would be worth looking
into.

Mr. F. L. Sanborn: I will say that we have a mutual
company in Portage which 1 have been interested in for sev¬
eral years. We charge half rates, and I know that at times
we have had a dividend coming back to us at the end of the
year from money which was not expended, reducing our
rate still further, so that during the last ten years I think our
experience has been that the insurance has cost us about half
rate.

Major Hinkley: In our motion we have not mentioned at
all other manufacturers’ plants. I presume that it was in¬
tended that we should have all the members of our associa¬
tion in this. I have been living in Green Bay for a long time,
and am interested in the brick business. There are six or
eight different brick plants in operation in Brown county,
and if any one of them has ever had $10 loss by fire I don’t
know of it. The idea of paying 3 per cent, on a business
which has no losses whatever is preposterous.

President Kennedy: We have not been quite so for¬
tunate ; we have had two or three fires at our place.

BRICK COMPANY FILES PETITION IN
BANKRUPTCY

A petition in involuntary bankruptcy was filed against the
Morrison-Trammel Brick company, Rome, Ga. Attorney
M. B. Eubanks, representing the petitioning creditors went
to Atlanta and Judge William T. Newman of the Federal
court referred the matter to W. S. Rowell, referee in bank¬
ruptcy, at Rome." The papers in the matter were filed Octo¬
ber 1st with Deputy Clerk John C. Printup.

The creditors represented by Mr. Eubanks are E. E.
Holder and Co. of Rome, the Atlantic Refining Co. and the
Davis-Price Foundry Co. The petition cites among the
assets of the company plant and material valued at $15,000;
pipe on hand, $2,000, and personal property, $1,000. It is
believed that the assets of the company are about $30,000
and the liabilities in the neighborhood of $40,000.

The Morrison-Trammel Brick Co. was organized 11 years
ago. George W. Trammell is the president and J. H. Rhodes
the secretary and treasurer. The company is capitalized at
$40,000. It has extensive yards and a fine plant on the
East Side. It has done a large business throughout the
south, and has made a specialty of sewer piping. _

It is hoped in local business circles that the difficulties of
the company may be speedily adjusted and that it may re¬
sume its place in the industrial activities.

CLHV RECORD.

THE FARMER AND TILE MANUFACTURER*

By Prof. E. R. Jones, Madison, Wis.

Ever since John Johnston brought some patterns across
the Atlantic from which semi-circular or horse shoe shaped
tile were made, the manufacture of drain tile from burned
clay has been an important factor in the development of
American agriculture. This beginning was in 1838. During
the following year on his farm near Geneva, N. Y., after a
fashion which he had practiced in Scotland, Mr. Johnston
laid the first tile ever laid in America. They were placed in
a clay subsoil, at a depth of about two and one-half feet, with
the concave side down, and resting on the flat earth bottom
of the trench. A few years later horseshoe tile were pro¬
vided with flat soles. This was a decided improvement, as
it did away with the erosion of the open earth bottom. Then,
too, the smooth tile bottom offered less resistance to flow, and
the carrying capacity of the tile was increased.

The year 1858 marks the introduction of the cylindrical tile.
The step gave the manufacture of drain tile a lasting impetus
and tile drains became very common in New York. Some of
the tile laid in these early days are still operating.

It might be interesting to note some of the early trade
notes relating to the tilemaking industry:

In the country Gentleman of May 31, 1855, the following
advertisement appeared :

“Appleton and Alderson Drain Tile Works of Albany will
sell drain tile at the following prices:

Horseshoe Tile.

\l/2 inch caliber . $18 per M.

3^4 inch caliber . 15 per M.

2^2 inch caliber . 12 per M.

Sole Tile.

4 inch caliber . $20 per M.

3 inch caliber . 18 per M.

2 inch caliber . 12 per M.

The subscribers have enlarged their works and are better
prepared than ever to furnish tile of the above patterns and
prices. Also large tile for small streams. We warrant our
tile to be perfectly sound and to fit tightly at the joints, so
as to admit water and keep out the dirt. The tile have a
larger caliber than any others of American manufacture for
the same price. They are more than 14 inches long — 1,000
pieces will lay 72 rods. Full directions for tiling will be sent
to all who address the subscribers. We need only to say that
the Appleton and Alderson obtained first prize at the Al¬
bany county and New York state fairs. Practical drainers
furnished if required.”

“Country Gentleman, May 31, 1855.”

During the 70’s and 8o’s Illinois began to lay tile, Iowa was
soon to follow. Today there is scarcely a square mile of
arable land in the state of Illinois that does not contain one
or more lines of tile. Travel through Iowa by train and you
see in every town carload after carload of drain tile in the
yards, like lumber piles in Wisconsin. Our state, too, has
laid tile, but as yet we are not in a class in this respect with
our sister state to the south or the one to the. southwest.
However, Wisconsin has vast areas that await the coming of
the drain tile. It is for this reason that the Department of
Soils of the Wisconsin Experiment Station has interested it¬
self in the matter.

The following summary of drainage conditions in Wis¬
consin is reported in Bulletin No, 146:

Under present conditions, then, we conclude that :

1. Reclamation by drainage will make two million acres
of peat and muck lands in the central and northern part of
the state fairly productive lands.

2. Drainage of the marsh lands in the southeastern part
of the state will make nearly two-thirds of a million acres as
valuable as any class of lands in the state.

* Read at the last meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers’ Association.

3. I he amount of clay lands needing tile drainage and the
total benefits derived from such drainage are nearly twice as
great as in the case of marsh lands.

4. A fair estimate of the amount of land needing drainage,
of the cost and of the benefits above cost is given in the
following table:

Table IX. — Acreage of poorly drained land of each type, to¬
gether with cost and profit of drainage.

Cost of Profit

drainage. above cost.
$10,000,000 $ 20,000,099

610,000 18,300,000 24,000,000

1,500,000 11,250,000 30,000,000

50,000

9,750,000

11,250,000

3,600,000

350,000

13,000,000

15,000,000

6,000,000

1,000,000

2,250,000 5,000,000

$66,750,000 $114,000,000

Peat and muck on Number
sand and granitic acres.

area . 2,000,000

Muck and peat on
limestone area . . .

Clay of last glacia¬
tion on limestone. .

Red clay of Superior
and Green Bay

region . 1,300,000

Old glacial clay on

granitic area . 1,000,000

Last glacial clay on

granitic area . . 600,000

Old glacial clay

limestone .

Residual clay on
limestone ....... 300,000

Total . 7,360,000

5. The writers know of no other way in which so great an
increase in the productive power of the agricultural lands of
Wisconsin can be effected as by drainage.

The growing demand for drain tile has brought many in¬
quiries to the department as to where drain tile could be ob¬
tained. This led to the preparation of a list of tile manufac¬
turers, copies of which were made and furnished to prospec¬
tive purchasers of tile upon request. The general complaint
that has been returned to us is that at comparatively few fac¬
tories could orders be filled without from one to two months’
notice. This condition of affairs is borne out by the ex¬
perience of the department itself. Upon three occasions it
was found necessary to purchase tile to drain experimental
plots. Three-fourths of the replies received from requests
for quotations were accompanied with statements that orders
could not be filled for periods averaging four weeks. Two of
these occasions were in June in different years and the other
was in October, showing that a scarcity of tile ready for ship¬
ment is not peculiar to any particular season of the year.
This apparent scarcity of tile ready-to-ship in Wisconsin fac¬
tories aroused our curiosity, and circular letters were sent to
all tile manufacturers whose addresses were available. The
solicitated information was as follows :

1. Approximate output of drain tile from your factory
between Jan. 1, 1907, and Jan. 1, 1908:

Smaller than 6 inches .

6 to 12 inches, inclusive .

Larger than 12 inches .

2. Is this more or less than the average output for the last

five years ? . .

3. How many carloads of tile have you on hand at pres¬

ent ? .

4. Do you expect to increase the capacity of your plant

in the near future? .

5. If so, to what extent? .

6. There is a common complaint among the farmers that
orders for tile cannot be filled at most factories for two or

three months. Why is this? . . .

Practically all of the answers revealed the fact that it was
the increased demand for tile that caused the shortage. Re¬
plies from several factories in Illinois tended to show that
while the demand was increasing, the factories were increas-

CLHV RECORD.

ing their capacities. However, during the past season fewer
complaints of scarcity of tile have come to us, so it is prob¬
able that Wisconsin manufacturers too are increasing the ca¬
pacity of their plants. Quotations from Illinois factories
show their prices to average about io per cent, less than Wis¬
consin prices.

It is not within the scope of this paper to make sugges¬
tions bearing directly upon the detail of the manufacture of
tile. A few observations, it is hoped, will not be out of place.
We have known one instance where a single car of tile has
put the firm which manufactured it out of business in that
locality for perhaps years to come. The offending carload
of tile had been improperly handled while green, they had
warped and otherwise presented a very irregular appearance.
It would have been a wise move for that company to have
ditched the whole carload or else to have sold it as a second
or third rate article. Rainbow tile which have zagged a trifle
while green, present an uneven appearance, but are not as
objectionable as tile that have flattened. The rainbow tile
can usually be rotated until a perfect joint is effected. In
fact they are desirable in laying a curved line. The pro¬
verbial disadvantage, however, usually results and unless the
tiler has been methodical in his sorting, when curved tile are
sought, none but straight ones are in evidence.

just as the grocer, to help the sale of a package of oat meal,
or a can of baking powder, gives as a premium a flowered
dish or some trinket, so one tile manufacturer who has come
to our attention popularizes his product by throwing in with
each carload a few Y's and T’s, to match the size and quan¬
tity of tile in the car. No man likes to get something: for
nothing as well as a farmer, and the innovation has to our
knowledge been the means of securing the sale of several car¬
loads of tiie.

The tendency of the time is to use larger tile for laterals
than formerly. In Illinois 4-inch laterals are more common
than those of three-inch. In this connection there must be
recognized two distinct classes of land that need drainage:
First, the wet narrow ravines where a single line of tile is
sufficient, and second, the broad flat areas where a net-work
of parallel laterals is necessary. It is very evident that the
single tile in the ravines receiving unchecked seepage from a
wide and perhaps steep area on each side, will have to be of
larger diameter than if it were one of a series of laterals
four rods apart and receiving the seepage from an area only
two rods wide on either side. A four-inch, or perhaps a
larger tile, would not be too large in the former case, but in
the latter case, particularly if the subsoil is a retentive clay,
it is doubtful whether a four-inch tile would be an iota better
than a three-inch tile. If the subsoil is of sand a larger tile
should be used.

If we may be permitted to make a plea to Wisconsin tile
manufacturers in closing, it would be to see that factories be
built and operated in the northern part of the state. There
is a growing demand for tile in the clay region of north cen¬
tral and northern Wisconsin. Three cases have come to our
attention where the freight charges on tile shipped to Doug¬
las, Bayfield and Ashland counties from southern Wiscon¬
sin and northern Illinois in one case exceeded the cost of the
tile at the factory and in the other two cases the freight was
only a little less than the factory price. This condition of
affairs is a serious handicap to the drainage in northern
Wisconsin and should encourage the installation of tile fac¬
tories in that portion of the state — the portion which con¬
tains the most retentive and most poorly drained of our clay
soils.

The reading of this paper was listened to with apparent
interest and generously applauded.

GENERAL DISCUSSION ON DRAIN TILE.

President Kennedy : Is there someone here who will open
a discussion on that paper?

Secretary Wilson : I would say for the benefit of our mem¬
bers that our program calls for a discussion on this paper
by M*r. Win. Meadows, of Burlington. I had a letter, how¬
ever, from Mr. Meadows in which he said that ‘‘he was not
quite as young as he used to be,” and he did not know posi¬
tively whether he would be able to be with us. I am sorry to
note his absence, but I trust that someone who is familiar
with the proposition, especially our tile manufacturers, will
open the discussion on this subject.

Mr. J. M. Powell, Brooklyn, Ind. : I think the paper is a
very excellent one and one that is very suggestive. It has
come at a time when it will arouse probably the greatest
amount of interest. I do not know the condition of drainage
in this state, but I do know that in our own state, Indiana,
and Illinois, we were about where you seem to be at this time
some ten or fifteen years ago. At that time there were very
few tile made compared to what are made now. The largest
size made up to a few years ago was 15 inches, and today
eight-tenths of the product is going out in larger sizes, and
there is a great army of small factories that put up smaller
sizes. Fifteen years ago the farmers were draining their
land by large open ditches all over the state of Indiana. Now
these ditches are being filled up after large tile have been put
into them, the sizes of which range anywhere from 12 to 30
inches, and the work is being done successfully.

They take the wTater underground and do away with the
water running over through the drain. In that way they dis¬
pose of the great number of annoyances incident to open
drains. There is no investment which a farmer can make on
his land which will last so long and will pay so well as to put
in drain tile. If you cultivate this business in this state and
educate the farmer up to it, you will find that your interests
will grow in the manufacture of tile as time goes on. It
seems to me that Wisconsin . is about where Indiana was
fifteen or twenty years ago, judging from the tone of the
paper that we have just heard read. (Applause.)

Mr. J. D. Pratt, Menomonie, Wis. : The great trouble
with most of the tilemakers in this country is a good deal
like that which the old temperance lecturers used to have.
They have to have a practical example along with them to
convince the farmers that it is right. A good many years
ago, down in Ohio, there was a man in the tile business who
had tried for a long time, unsuccessfully to induce the farm¬
ers in that country to drain their marshy land with tile.
Across the road from his plant was a wealthy old farmer
whose residence was built on a little knoll and below his
residence was a swamp which was being drained by an open
ditch. He finally went to this old man one day and told him,
“if you will permit me, I will underdrain that ten acres and
I will dig the ditches and put in the tile and if it is not the
best piece of land that you have got inside of two years you
do not need to pay me a cent for it.” The first year he went
all over the ground and he cut right across it and put his tile
down 40 feet in the ground. The result was that they raised
an excellent crop during the next year and during the second
vear the crops from this land were two-thirds better than
that raised on any other land which this man owned. When
the wealthy old farmer saw that, lie came to the tilemaker
and he told him to drain his whole farm. That opened up
the tile business in that territory, and the manufacturer made
more money out of the tile than he did out of the brick busi¬
ness. Today that whole country is underdrained, and that
is why I say it takes a practical example to convince the
majority of people. (Applause.)

Prof. Weidman: I wish to get the names of all those who
are making tile for the benefit of the authorities at Madison,
because we want to publish such a list for the benefit of the
farmers. The fanners are beginning to appreciate the matter
of drain tile, but the manufacturers are lagging behind in
putting their goods upon the market.

Mr. J. D. Pratt : Down in our part of the country there is
a settlement of Indiana farmers and they came to me and
said that they would underdrain their farms if they could
get the tile as reasonably as they could buy them in Indiana.
They all know what under drainage is. There are also some
Germans there from the Old Country, and they know what
under drainage is. They lease the land in the Old Country
for five years and then underdrain that land at their own ex¬
pense and by that method are able to get that much more
crop out of the land than it would pay if it was not under¬
drained. It certainly must be a paying investment, for they
are careful and thrifty people and do not waste their money.

- r - - ♦ - -

THURBER BRICK COMPANY ONLY UNION

BRICK YARD IN SOUTHWEST, WHICH
WORKS HARDSHIPS ON THE PLANT

Mr. Lee McGraw returned to Thurber from Chicago,
where he attended the national convention of the Interna¬
tional Brick, Tile and Terra Cotta Workers Alliance, as the
representative from Local Union No. 153 of this city. Mr.
McGrew had the distinction of being the only representative
from a union in the southwest, no other representative being
in attendance from Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas or New
Mexico. In view of this fact, Mr. McGrew introduced, and
had passed by majority of only one vote a resolution which
provides for an organization fund. This fund will be used
for defraying expenses of organizers, who will be sent to
every city where large brick plants are in operation.

It is to be hoped that successful organizers will be sent
into Texas, m which large state, with at least a dozen large
plants, the Thurber plant is the only one which employs
union labor exclusively. And it might not be amiss to here
state that the Thurber plant is the only one in the state
which is not paying a dividend. In fact it is stated on good
authority that the Thurber plant has been operated at a loss
ever since union labor was fully recognized and the present
wage scale signed. The reason for this is apparent. The
Thurber plant pays the union wage scale, working union
hours. The scale, naturally, is higher and the hours shorter
than at any other plant in the state. Hence other plants
employ non union labor at the lowest possible wages, and
work the opentines long hours, can turn out more brick for
less money than the Thurber plant. This works a hardship
both on the company and the employes, and for this reason
the officers and members of the local union are strongly in
favor of organization at all other plants in this and adjoining
states. And why not? Unionism, as carried out by the or¬
ganization of this place tends to elevate the citizen in every
way, putting him in a better condition morally, socially and
financially. Organization brings about a greater spirit of
fellowship, both between the members and employers and
employees.

The time is not far distant when every mine (both of the
bituminous and lignite fields) and brick plant in the state
and the southwest must recognize the union. Otherwise
the few which have already done so will be compelled, un¬
der the impending strain, abandon the work or the union,
which in either event would perhaps mean both. — Thurber,
Texas, Journal.

- ■ ♦ » -

BRICKLAYERS BY UNANIMOUS VOTE FIX
PENALTY AT FIVE DOLLARS FOR
RIDING ON CARS

The Bricklayers’ union at Omaha, Nebr., at a meeting
decided by unanimous vote that any member or apprentice
caught riding on the street cars during the pending strike
be fined $5 and that the proceeds of all such fines be given
to the striking street car men.

The union also voted to extend its support in all ways to
the striking car men.

THE HORSEHEADS BRICK WORKS DE¬
STROYED BY FIRE

The splendid plant of the Horseheads Brick company, lo¬
cated at Horseheads, N. Y., was almost totally destroyed by
fire, which broke out at 1 1 o’clock at night October 3rd.
Owing to the size of the plant, which occupies acres of
ground in the northwestern part of the village, the blaze
had gained great headway before discovered. It is stated
that the loss will total $100,000, covered by insurance to the
extent of $25,000. The fire was one of the biggest and most
disastrous that has visited Horseheads in years.

The conflagration bore all of the marks of an incendiary
origin, as a substance was discovered in the immediate vicin¬
ity which resembled oil or some other inflammable material.

The fire followed a terrific explosion, which occurred in
the sheds to the west of the big kiln. Two men were at work
in the kiln and these, together with the night fireman,
George Wilsey, were the only men in the plant. While the
men were at work in the kiln they were suddenly warned of
danger by a terrific explosion, which shook everything in
the vicinity. Mr. Wilsey was immediately on the scene and
found that part of the building in which the explosion had
occurred a mass of flames. He immediately rushed to the
big whistle in the engine room and its piercing shrieks
aroused the people of Horseheads. The Acme and Pioneer
Hose companies were almost immediately on the scene, but
the fire had gained such headway that it was almost an im¬
possibility to stop its progress.

The buildings were of wooden construction and made ex¬
cellent fuel for the flames, which spread to all parts of the
plant, consuming everything that came within their path.
Not until 2 o’clock was the immense conflagration under con¬
trol, and only then after it had destroyed practically the en¬
tire plant. No other buildings were in the path of the fire
and consequently the only damage resulted to the brick
plant. The handsome Eisenhart residence, which is located
close by, was not touched by the flames.

Richard G. Eisenhart, treasurer and general manager of
the plant, and an ex-president of the U. B. M. A., stated that
he positively believes that the plant was maliciously set on
fire. Signs of oil or some like substance in the vicinity of
where the explosion occurred would bear out this theory.
He stated that he knew of no one who would have any ob¬
ject in doing such a thing.

The immense plant covers two acres of land and was fur¬
nished with modern machinery. The kilns are the only part
of the plant that were not damaged by the fierce flames, and
in these were one-half million brick which are as good as
ever.

The brick plant has been a part of the village of Horse¬
heads for over sixty years, having been established by
Messrs. Weigand and Westlake. The former died only re¬
cently at an age of ninety-four years. I he plant has been
owned and conducted by the Eisenhart family for the past
twenty years. It has been one of the thriving industries of
Elmira’s northern suburb and has been in activity the year
around. It employs about fifty workmen and its destruction
will prove a distinct loss to the village of Llorseheads.

- - » - - -

CRAWFORDSVILLE SHALE BRICK CO. HAS,
EVOLVED A SUPERIOR BRICK

The Crawfordsville Shale Brick Co. of Crawfordsvilie,
Inch, has been experimenting on making oriental brick and
have now on hand a sample which is a beautiful product for
the building of outside walls, where a superior and attract¬
ive finish is desired. The brick are made of shale and in
them no chemical is used to produce the rich red so that the
brick will never change when subjected to the action of the
weather. The company is now burning its first kiln.

CL AY- PREPARING MACHINERY*

By W. D. Richardson, Columbus, O.

Continued from last issue.

Clays Containing Limestone.

It is evident to all of you that if many of the drift
clays covering the northern part of the United States
are to be utilized in the manufacture of brick or other
products, the limestone pebbles must either be removed
or so treated as to prevent damage to the product. Prof.
Bleininger has doubtless shown you the various means
of treatment to prevent the limestone in the clay from
doing damage to the wares, and that the first thing is
to pulverize the limestone fragments to such a degree
of fineness that when the brick are burned hard the lime
will enter into a combination with the other minerals
of the clay. This crushing of the limestone can be done
with roll, if they are properly constructed and kept in
order, and kept close enough together; but the safest
way is to remove the pebbles from the clay. Whether
this is practical or not, and if so by what method, de¬
pends upon conditions.

There are three methods that are in use for removing
the pebbles from the clay.

1. The direct mechanical method of removing the
pebbles from the soft damp clay as it comes from the
bank.

2. The washing of the clay.

3. The separation of the stone from the dried clay.

For the first method there have come into use in

Europe, in recent years, two or three machines work¬
ing upon the principle of forcing the clay through small
openings or grates in the end of a cylinder by means of
an auger or plunger, the stones remaining in the cylinder,
from which they are removed at frequent intervals. These
machines are said to be efficient, but must be of rather
low capacity, and it is doubtful if they would be prac¬
ticable in this country.

Washing clays is not practiced in America except for
high-priced products; but in northern Europe clays are
washed to free them from stone for common building
brick. The washing is done in plungers and the sus¬
pended clay may be settled in shallow vats or troughs,
the water being drawn off and the clay left until it has be¬
come stiff enough for working. . This process requires
much water and space,- in addition to the extra labor
and long time. By the use of filter presses and a tunnel
dryer, the process can be greatly shortened, but the ex¬
pense is too great for adopting at the average price of
common brick. Were it not for the expense, the wash¬
ing process would be a most excellent one for accom¬
plishing the desired results.

The dry process consists of drying the clay by natural
or artificial means to such a degree that the clay can be
whipped from the stones and separated out by screening.
This method of treating clay containing limestone peb¬
bles is more truly American, as it seems better adapted to
our conditions. Prof. Bleininger will doubtless show
that the drying of the clay in a rotary dryer has other de¬
sirable results, rendering some clays less liable to damage
in the drying of the ware. The rotary dryer has reached
a higher state of development in this country than prob¬
ably in any other, and the makers of these dryers now
guarantee to evaporate from eight to ten pounds of water
with one- pound of combustible. This renders such dry¬
ers entirely practical, even for common brick clay, when
conditions make it necessary. The dried clay can be
passed through a swing-hammer pulverizer and then
screened, or can be passed through a special machine that
whips the clay from the stone. This machine is con¬
structed on somewhat the same plan as the hinged-ham¬

* Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufactnrers’ Association.

w w/A V l-i'l

mer pulverizer except that the shaft and cylinder are
vertical and the clay falls through it. This machine, the
progenitor of the hinged or swing-hammer pulverizer
was invented and patented about twenty-five years ago
by Mr. Pratt, of Anoka, Minn., and called the Pratt Pul¬
verizer. I used the machine in the early days of dry-
press brick manufacture and I know of nothing today
better for pebbly clay, though some improvements could
now be made in its construction.

We have so far considered the preparation of soft and
more or less moist clay. When I started in the brick bus¬
iness these were the only clays used. We would then
have ridiculed any one proposing to make brick out of the
hard shales and rocky fire clays that are now so exten¬
sively used, though it was known to us in an indefinite
way that fire brick were made of some hard materials.
These hard clays are naturally in a more or less dry con¬
dition and can be prepared by a different class of ma¬
chinery. The preparation of such clays and shales varies
somewhat with the process of manufacturing, whether
by the stiff mud or by the dry-press process. For the
former it is only necessary to reduce the material to the
proper degree of fineness when the water can be imme¬
diately added and incorporated with the clay in a uniform
manner and the clay thus tempered passed directly into
the brick machine. The first operation in the preparation
of these hard clays is the crushing of the large pieces in
which they come from the bank or mine into pieces two
to three inches in diameter or smaller. For this purpose
the old method was the sledge hammer; but in recent
years the

Jaw Crusher.

has come into general use. This machine is usually
placed so that the discharge may be by gravity to the dry
pan. The operation of the jaw crusher is familiar to all,
since it is the machine employed for crushing rock for
roadmaking. Some make use of the power of the dry pan
to break up the clay by crushing it between special
heavy pointed projections in the hub of the pan and the
side of the muller. This is a patented feature in use at
one large plant, and perhaps others.

Dry Pan.

This is also a well-known machine, one of the oldest
pulverizers, having been used 'n grinding ores long be¬
fore it was used in the clay industry. It is a combina¬
tion machine, performing the double operation of crush¬
ing the material and screening it out as fast as it is re¬
duced fine enough. Like all combined machines or tools,
when run so as to produce best results of one operation
the other operation is not at its highest efficiency; that
is, when the dry pan is run at a speed to do the most
grinding it has not the greatest screening capacity, and
when run at a speed slow enough to screen the most
clay the crushing capacity is reduced. With many clays
the greatest capacity is obtained by running the pan at a
lower speed than that usually specified by the makers of
the pan ; possibly the pan having its screen plate slightly
inclined towards the circumference can be run at a higher
speed than the level-screen pan. As the clay discharged
from the dry pan is usually screened again the greatest
capacity is secured by not using too fine screen plates in
the pan itself. Many attempts have been made to in¬
crease the capacity of the pan by grinding the tailings
from the screen in a separate machine, instead of return¬
ing them to the pan. This seems a wise thing to do, but
in searching for a suitable machine for grinding the tail¬
ings and in providing for its erection and the re-elevation
of the clay, it is generally found that the cost of installa¬
tion will be about as much as that of another dry pan, and
that the additional dry pan would be the more useful
equipment.

CLHY RECORD.

Screens.

That finely screened clays make a higher grade product
than the coarse clay is now pretty generally recognized,
and screens are commonly seen following a pulverizer.
The most remarkable development in recent years for
clay screening is the piano wire screen. This screen was
used extensively in England before it was made in this
country. The making of a good piano wir“ screen is not
so simple a problem as it looks to be, though the efficien¬
cy of the piano wire screen in any form is surprising to
one who has never before seen one in operation. In some
cases where hard clay, especially of a lamellar structure,
are used and only the finest product is desired, the piano
wire screen gives more or less trouble from the wedging
of the thin plates of clay between the wires, spreading
them so as to allow too coarse material to pass through.
This is now largely prevented by using a greater number
of spacing bars. It cannot be said, however, that the
piano wire screen is the best for all conditions or pur¬
poses ; but it can safely be said that it has a wider adap¬
tation than any screen that has been hitherto brought
into use in the clay industry.

Fine Clay Feeders and Mixers.

Where pulverized clay or shale is used it is presumed
that all understand the advantage of having a large hop¬
per or bin for storing a sufficient supply of fine clay to
provide against stoppage of the brick machine on account
of the stopping of some part of the mining, hauling or
pulverizing equipment. From this bin the clay is usually
fed by gravity to the pug mill or dry press. With the dry
press this arrangement produces no trouble, provided
the clay has been properly prepared; but the feeding of
clay to the pug mill by gravity makes uniform temper¬
ing of the clay an impossibility, even with the most ex¬
pert operator. The supply of clay depending not only
upon the irregular running of the clay preparing ma¬
chinery, but also upon a slide of clay in the bin, must
vary constantly and often so suddenly as to baffle the
efforts of the temperer, even though he be giving careful
attention, which sometimes is not the case. Moreover,
an uneven supply of clay to the pug mill and brick ma¬
chine produces an uneven speed to the bar of clay is¬
suing from the die, which means for a part of the time
improper lubrication of the die and a rough brick, as well
as an unsteady output. The rotary disc feeder exten¬
sively used in Europe and now coming into use in this
country is a simple and effective remedy for this trouble.

Steamers.

In preparing hard clay for a high-grade product, either
by the stiff-mud or dry-press process, there should be
mentioned the advantage of steaming the pulverized clay
and storing it in bins for several days. This storing and
curing of the clay insures a uniform mixture of all the va¬
riations in the bank, and also produces a soft homoge¬
neous mass of easy working quality and high plasticity,
essential conditions of high-grade ware. The clay steamer
is often a home-made affair, but is worthy of good con¬
struction based upon practice. The clay is conveyed to the
storage bins and from the storage bins to the brick ma¬
chine, either by a belt conveyor or by cars. The car
method of conveying is to be preferred where practicable.

In the making of dry press brick there is often placed
above the press a machine called a mixer and feeder.
This is sometimes an advantage, especially where the
clay has not been well prepared. Its special object is to
mix the coarse and fine particles evenly so that a uniform
brick can be made, instead of one having the coarse par¬
ticles mostly in one end.

In preparing clay for the molding of fine brick, terra
cotta, etc., in large pieces, as well as pottery, a more elab¬

orate preparation is sometimes practiced, including the
washing of the clays, their drying, pulverizing and mix¬
ing, tempering in wet pans or closed plug mills, and cur-
ing or ageing in bins, in a warm, moist and more or less
dark place. This renders the clay more pliable to the
molders’ skill, increases its bonding power and tensile
strength and lessens its liability to produce damage in
drying of the ware.

The more one studies clays and their manipulation, the
more he marvels at the wonderful adaptability of this
common and widely variable material for the manufac¬
ture of domestic wares and structural products, and the
more clearly there is opened up to him the wide vista be¬
yond the limit of his knowledge. No subject connected
with the manufacture of clay products offers a more
fruitful field of study and research than that of the prep¬
aration of the clay. The common brick manufacturer has
a more difficult problem in most cases than the potter or
the manufacturer of high-priced wares, since he is limited
in his operations — in the changes that he can make in his
raw material — by the inexorable requirements of a low
priced product. But with the advance in our knowledge
of clays and the improvements in methods and machinery,
much can be done today that was not practical a few
years ago. The growing competition of other structural
materials such as cement concrete and sand-cement and
sand-lime brick makes it incumbent upon the brick man¬
ufacturer to produce a better brick and a cheaper brick
in order to make the use of clay brick keep pace with the
increase in population and wealth.

- . ♦ - -

A NEW CEMENT PLANT FOR IDAHO OF
VERY LARGE CAPACITY

Three million dollars is the stated capitalization of a cor¬
poration headed by J. S. Irvin of Ottawa, Ont., managing
director of the International Portland Cement company, with
a capital of $2,000,000, and head of the Exshaw Portland
Cement Company, of Alberta, which purposes to erect a ce¬
ment factory near the town of Orofino, Idaho, southeast of
Spokane. Wash., where it has just acquired 223 acres of clay
and lime beds, known as the J. M. Bartlett tract.

The plant, covering 12 acres under a single roof, involves
an initial expenditure of $1,500,000, and will be the largest
of its kind in the United States. C. A. Reid, of Spokane,
will be manager, with R. B. Hassan and R. J. Klossoki as
engineers. Dana Child, a millionaire of Spokane, is heavily
interested in the project. Three hundred men will be em¬
ployed, turning out 2,500 barrels of cement daily. Storage
rooms will be built for 30,000 barrels of finished product,
30,000 barrels of clinker and 30,000 barrels of lime and clay.
Work on the foundation will begin early next January.

Experts say that the Bartlett tract probably contains the
richest deposit of lime in the United States, the product be¬
ing 99 per cent pure. No better location could be secured.
On one side towers the mountain lime and on the opposite
side of the canyon is an immense deposit of clay, containing
silica and alumina for excellent cement manufacture, while
between these two immense deposits will be located the fac¬
tory.

Gravity will place the matter in the plant ready for grind¬
ing and treatment. Until other arrangements are made coal
for the burning rooms will be shipped from Wyoming and
Montana. The company now has negotiations under way
for the installation of an electric plant on one of the creeks
above Orofino, these plans at this time being immature.

- - - - -

The Elite Pottery Co., of Trenton, N. J., has been named
as a defendant in a patent infringement suit brought by the
Trenton Potteries Co.

CL-HY RECORD.

REPORTS FROM ALL SECTIONS OF THE
WESTERN POTTERY DISTRICT SHOW
A DECIDED IMPROVEMENT

Fall business has started off with all potteries in the Upper
Ohio Valley with rather a pleasing rush and proof of this is
given when the report comes from the shops that some deco¬
rating shops have been compelled to work Sundays and at
nights in order to get their business through promptly.

Specialties are having an excellent sale, although dinner-
ware is having a heavier sale than some of the manufactur¬
ers anticipated. In several instances, where new shapes
have been brought out, and a fair run of business was ex¬
pected on open stock patterns, these sales have exceeded ex¬
pectations, and in many instances it is impossible to get busi¬
ness out according to shipping instructions. However, by
working the shops extra time the manufacturers will soon
be caught up.

With representatives of English and German decorating
and color firms reporting an increase in orders, and with
pottery supply manufacturers running their plants in nine
instances out of ten full time in order to keep up with orders,
the condition of the western pottery trade during the past
fortnight shows considerable additional strength.

Of the thirty odd potteries in this locality some are run¬
ning full time and are crowding all departments in an effort
to get rrders out on time. Others, however, are not quite
so busy, hence the district is not yet up to normal. I have
been advised, however, that the three local potteries, their
business for 1909 will far exceed that of 1907, which every
pottery manufacurer has conceded to have been the banner
year in American pottery affairs.

Not as many kilns are being operated now as then. This
is explained by the fact that several plants in operation in
1907 have retired from business — one at Niles, Ohio, and an¬
other at Salineville, Ohio, and another at Akron, Ohio.

On the other hand, the Homer-Laughlin China Co. has
added 32 kilns to its capacity and this more than totals the
number of kilns that have gone out of business since 1907.
But the Laughlin interests now operates 64 kilns. Potteries
that have gone out of business have been independent con¬
cerns and had to paddle their own canoes. With a capac¬
ity of 64 kilns, one firm is enabled to take care of an enor¬
mous trade.

The change in the official family of the Knowles, Taylor
& Knowles company was one of the surprises of the trade
during the past fortnight. W. H. Cook, who has been placed
in charge of the manufacturing end of this plant (which in¬
cludes three properties), is conceded one of the most suc¬
cessful in the trade. A number of years ago he was in
charge of the manufacturing department of the Sevres China
company, which was the original Sebring pottery. An in¬
ducement was offered him at Kittanning, where he took a
similar position with the Pennsylvania China company,
which is headed by Charles Howell Cook, of Trenton, N. J.
Pie remained there but a brief season, however, for it was
the desire of his family that lie return to the East Liverpool
district. He agreed to such “demands” and when he did
come back he was given charge of the manufacturing end
of the Edwin M. Knowles China company, at Chester,
W. Ya.

Quick to realize the worth of Mr. Cook when the change
in the Knowles, Taylor & Knowles company took place,
Mr. Cook was secured through Mr. Edwin M. Knowles.
With Mr. Knowles, however, he just gave Mr. Cook a better
position, taking him from a smaller property and putting
him in a 31 kiln plant. Mr. Cook is well known in Trenton
and the pottery districts of England.

Within a few weeks preliminary plans will be laid by offi¬
cials of the United States Potters’ Association for their

thirty-first annual meeting, which is to be held at Washing-,
ton, D. C., probably during the second week in December.
Notices of this convention will be sent out in due season by
Secretary-Treasurer Charles C. Ashbaugh, of the West End
Pottery Co. of this city. Vice President Plugh A. McNicol,
of the Potters’ Co-Operative Co., a local corporation, will
become the head of the organization next season, succeed¬
ing President foseph Mayer, of the Mayer Brothers Pottery
Co. of Beaver Falls, Pa.

The capital stock of the Star Pottery works, of Elmdorf,
Texas, has been increased from $8,000 to $16,000 in order
that additional capital can be had for extensions to the busi¬
ness.

News has been received here that Edward J. Owen, for
many years identified with the East End China Co., then
with the East Liverpool Potteries Co. and more recently
with the Owen China Co., of Minerva, O., has plans about
completed for the erection of a new pottery at Big Rapids,
Mich. It is understood that the board of trade of Big Rap¬
ids will raise $60,000 through the sale of a number of lots,
and that in return for this bonus Mr. Owen agrees to spend
in the neighborhood of $150,000 in the erection of the pot¬
tery. He also contemplates giving employment to 200 or
more people. Should he be successful his will be the only
white ware pottery in Michigan. The location is in a furni¬
ture community.

The Windsor pottery works at Oakland, Cal., has been
sold for $29,059.95 in satisfaction of a promissory note and
deed of trust for $13,000 given the Market Street bank, San
Francisco, in 1906, has started an action in the California
superior court to set aside the sale.

The note with interest and other expenses calls for the
payment of $24,000. Ira M. Cobe who purchased the assets
of the Market Street bank, ordered the sale and the works
went to J. H. Mooser, who was the highest bidder. It is
declared that the plant is worth at least $70,000.

The original Windsor pottery owners assert the sale was
illegal, because the vote itself was given by Windsor’s Cali¬
fornia pottery after the charter of that corporation had been
forfeited for the non-payment of- license tax.

The death of Mrs. John Patterson, aged 73, is the close
of a most strenuous life. Mrs. Patterson was born in Ire¬
land. She came to the United States over 50 years ago and
located in Trenton, N. J., where she resided 13 years. She
then moved to the western pottery district, and located in
Wellsville, where she built and managed a little yellow ware
and Rockingham pottery for years. No hour was too early
for her to arise, go to the plant and look after its interests.
She continued this daily for many years and until her two
sons, John and George Patterson, could take over the prop¬
erty, manage and operate it. Then the plant was changed
to the Patterson yellow ware pottery, and it is being success¬
fully operated today.

By her diligent efforts Mrs. Patterson gathered consider¬
able wealth all of which she invested in real estate, both in
Wellsville and East Liverpool. In this city her best holdings
are located in the heart of the business district and are ex-
tremelv valuable. She was the mother of ten children, three
of whom are women. One son is a resident of Detroit,
Mich., another resides in Cleveland, O. She possessed six¬
teen grandchildren. Her husband, John Patterson, is a vet¬
eran of the Civil war. Mrs. Patterson had the distinction of
being the only woman' to build and operate a pottery in the
United States.

Frank Jones, for many years employed at the plant of the
Greenwood China company, of Trenton, N. J., who has been
in the western district for several weeks, has left for Se¬
bring, where he has become associated with the French
China company.

CLHV RECORD,

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

The yield and value of the mineral substances of the State
of California for the year 1908 are to be made public in the
form of a pamphlet that is now in the hands of the State
printer and will be issued soon in complete form. In the"list
of mineral productions of the State clay products occupy
fourth place. The total value of structural materials in 1908
was $10,132,179 and of this more than one-fourth was for
brick, terra cotta and other products of clay. Of this brick
comprised a value of $2,506,495 while pottery products were
valued at $325,147. According to the list compiled by the
State Mineralogist brick clays were utilized in the follow¬
ing counties of the State : Alameda, Contra Coast, Fresno,
Humboldt, Imperial, Kern, Kings, Los Angeles, Marin, Ma-
reda, Mendocino, Merced, Orange, Riverside, Sacramento,
San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin,
San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara,
Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama, Tulare, Amador, Monte¬
rey, Placer, Stanislaus, Yuba and Venture.

Clay for pottery came from Alameda, Amador, Cala¬
veras. Los Angeles, Placer, Riverside, Contra Costa, Fres¬
no, Orange. Santa Cruz, San Joaquin, Solano and Ventura.
All of the fuller’s earth came from Kings County and the
glass sand from Alameda, Los Angeles and Monterey coun¬
ties. The most marked developments during the past ten
months in the clay line in California has been the opening
and developing of new beds of fine pottery clays and within
a short time it is expected that the use of this material will
be greatly extended. The products of the clay beds located
above Sacramento are declared to be equal in quality and
beautv to those of any beds anywhere in the country and it
is here that so much work is being done preparing to market
the product on a large scale. The use of tiling and terra
cotta facing has become very noticeable in San Francisco and
is steadily growing. The use of cement for finishing build¬
ings is falling off materially, and many reenforced concrete
buildings are now being faced with tiling, this being con¬
sidered lasting and besides the desired color effects are so
easily secured.

Up to the time of the fire the firm of Gladding, McBean
& Co. devoted a large part of their attention to the manu¬
facture of sewer pipe, terra cotta for fireproofing and other
pottery articles such as laundry-trays, etc. Some terra
cotta for facing was made but the demand for this had not
materialized to such an extent that special attention could
be given to the work. Since that time the big plant at Lin¬
coln has been kept busy on architectural terra cotta and a
great many extensions and improvements have been made to
take care of this rapidly growing branch of the business.
While the winter season is now at hand when building is
supposed to be at low ebb and manufacturing plants as a rule
are closing down, the architectural department of the clay¬
working establishment of this firm is now employing as
many men as it ever has, even at its busiest period, and more
than that additional men would be given employment could
the right persons be found. Just a short time ago a number
of expert workmen were secured from Perth Amboy, N.
J., one of the great centers of the pottery industry in the
United States and these men are now settled at Lincoln. At
the present time work is being rushed on the erection of an¬
other large drying room and other additions are being made
to other parts of the plant to keep up with the heavy demand
that is being experienced even at this season of the year.
The terra cotta department of this firm was established by
J. B. De Galyer almost twenty years ago and under his su¬
pervision has grown to its present proportions, the growth
having been very rapid of late. Experts who have ex¬
amined the work that is being turned out for the Columbia

Theater in San Francisco assert that it is the very finest of
its kind that has ever been done in this country.

Another company that is now commencing to make a
mark for itself in the Lincoln district is that of the Pyrmont
Brick Company, a concern that has just entered that field,
and which is now busy at work erecting suitable buildings
for the great industry that is to be carried on. The plant is
not in working order yet and it will probably be almost a
year before the finished products will be placed on the mar¬
ket but in addition to making rapid work on the plant de¬
velopment work at the beds is being carried on and several
carloads of clay are being shipped out daily. A spur track
from a railroad has been built to the beds making transpor¬
tation easy. President M. J. Dillman, is on the ground the
most of the time, directing operations and making a study
of the different varieties of clay found in the pits.

The Los Angeles Porcelain and China Manufacturing
Company is the name of a new concern that has been in¬
corporated recently at Los Angeles with a capital stock of
$100,000. Those interested in the company are J. Krisle, L.
D. Brode, C. M. Jay, J. Kirkham and J. H. McKnight.

There have been no delays this summer and fall at the
big plant of N. Clark & Son in East Oakland since the
completion of the high chimney to carry away the smoke
and no complaints have been made of any nuisance from
this source. At the present time the plant is very busy on
sewer pipe, a large part of which will be used in the neigh¬
boring towns which have recently voted bonds for sewer
construction. This company has also been busy on the man¬
ufacture of face brick and has a number of large contracts
to fill in San Francisco during the coming winter. The
rainy season has already set in here but it is not thought
that this will interfere with building operations in San
Francisco to the extent it usually does as there is quite a
demand for buildings and work is being rushed forward
as fast as possible.

The Vallejo Brick & Tile Co., at Vallejo, Cal., has all
the orders on hand that it can well attend to with the present
equipment and has plans drawn for quite an extensive ad¬
dition to the plant but it is not considered wise to commence
work on these until spring.

The Hyfire Brick Company recently organized by Oak¬
land capitalists to operate at Vallejo is preparing to install a
large amount of new machinery in the spring and some brick
may be turned out with the old equipment prior to that time.

FIRE BRICK PLANT WILL NOW MAKE
PRESSED BRICK.

Another Denver, Colorado, manufacturing establish¬
ment has followed the course of the cotton mills, the paper
mills and other big factories which have been started in
Denver. The Western Fire Brick Company, which was
incorporated to manufacture fire brick and built a plant at
Argo, has found conditions against the business and has
sold the plant and property to the Denver Sewer Pipe and
Clay Company. The new owners will convert it into a
pressed-brick manufacturing plant.

The Western Fire Brick Company was organized by
William Geddis, David Seerie and S. P.' Adams to manu¬
facture brick for grates, stoves and all purposes where
fire brick are used. The plant was located next to the
plant of the Denver Sewer Pipe & Clay Company at Argo.
It is claimed there was not a sufficient market for the
product. The property was transferred to the new own¬
ers for a consideration of $50,000. The Denver Sewer
Pipe & Clay Company will remodel the plant and equip
it for the manufacture of pressed brick in connection with
its present business.

CLHY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

926,062. Paving-Block. William Hanley, Bradford, Pa.
Filed Feb. 9, 1909. Serial No. 476,945.

A paving brick having projections on one of its sides and
depressions on the opposite side thereof, said projections be¬
ing of greater length and less width than the depressions
whereby contact is permitted between the end of the projec¬
tions and the bottom of the depressions of adjacent blocks,
the difference in width allowing for contraction and expan¬
sion and irregularities in manufacture, substantially as de¬
scribed.

A pavement comprising a series of blocks, each block hav¬
ing projections on one of its faces and depressions on its
opposite face so as to interlock with adjacent blocks, the pro¬
jections being of greater length and less width than the de¬
pressions, whereby an interlocking structure is secured,
rendering unnecessary the use of curbing and at the same
time providing for irregularities in manufacture, such as
shrinkage, without interfering with the interlocking action,
substantially as described.

926,924. Brick-Drying Rack. Edward H. Callaway, West-
field, N. J., assignor to The American Clay Machinery Co.,
Bucyrus, Ohio, a Corporation of Ohio. Filed Mar. 20, 1908.
Serial No. 422,355.

The combination with heating pipes, of a supporting stan¬
dard therefor, consisting of a series of horizontal cross pieces
arranged one above another and having curved notches there¬
in for receiving the pipes, and retaining strips fitting into
the spaces between said horizontal cross pieces and having
corresponding curved notches engaging the pipes, together
with means separate from the pipes for holding the retaining
strips in place.

In a drying mechanism, the combination with heating
pipes, of a standard supporting said pipes, consisting of hori¬
zontal bars arranged one above another and united at the
ends, said bars being suitably spaced apart and provided with
notches for receiving the pipes, and retaining strips fitting
tightly into the spaces between the said bars and entirely
filling said spaces with the exception of the openings that re¬
ceive the pipes, said strips being provided with notches en¬
gaging the pipes, said pipes fitting closely in the openings
that receive them, and clamping means including bolts and
plates for keeping the strips in position.

926,059. Coating-Machine. Frederick E. Goldsmith,
Middletown, Ohio, assignor to The Ceramic Machinery Co.,
Hamilton, Ohio. Filed Apr. 3, 1905. Serial No. 253,720.

In a coating machine, the combination of a coating carrier,
means for causing a flow of coating into and through the
carrier, means for conveying detached objects to be coated
to the carrier, means for carrying the objects away from the
carrier, and means for removing the coated detached objects
from the carrier without any undue or uneven deposit of
coating thereon.

In a coating machine, the combination of a moving coating
carrier, a rotating transfer feeding surface in close proximity
to the carrier but out of contact therewith, and means for
moving such transfer surface at a speed different from that
of the movable coating carrier.

927,834. Off-Bearing Attachment for Brick-Presses.
William R. Cunningham, Bucyrus, Ohio, assignor to The
American Clay Machinery Co., Bucyrus, Ohio, a Corpora¬
tion. Filed Apr. 7, 1908. Serial No. 425,677.

An attachment for a press, said attachment comprising a
conveyer which is adapted for movement in a direction cross¬
wise of the press, a support upon which the pressed article
is delivered from the press, and carrier-means for auto¬
matically removing the article from the support and trans¬
ferring it to a point vertically over the conveyer and with its
major axis substantially parallel with the direction of move¬
ment of the conveyer, said conveyer including spaced rollers
through the interspaces of which the carrier means operate
to deposit the article thereon.

RECORD

926,182. Tile-Coating Machine. Frederick E. Gold¬
smith, Hamilton, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to
The Ceramic Machinery Co., Hamilton, Ohio. Filed May
1, 1903, Serial No. 155,115. Renewed May 31, 1904. Serial
No. 210,579.

The combination with a coating roll, of movable transmit¬
ting means for discharging coating material from the vat
into a pool beneath the roll into which the latter dips, sub¬
stantially as described.

* i »

be conveyed, a support for the second-named conveyer hav¬
ing a bearing engaging and operable over said track or guide
rail, a drive-cable extending parallel with the first-named
conveyer, sheaves or pulleys for said drive cable, and inter¬
meshing gears and transmitting shafts between said sheaves
or pulleys and the head end of said second-named conveyer.

927,353. Drain or Sewer Pipe. William L. Jackson,
Brookland, D. C. Filed Mar. 9, 1909. Serial No. 482,284.

A pipe section having at one end a socket of greater diam¬
eter than the body part and formed with tapering lugs
integral therewith provided with means to retain a packing
and cement around the spigot end of a pipe section.

The combination with a vat for the coating material, of a
drum running in the vat, a coating roll arranged in proximity
to the drum, and a dam arranged in proximity to the drum
and coating roll, and against which coating material is dis¬
charged to form a pool into which the roll dips, substantially
as described.

928,183. Conveying System. William R. Cunningham, Bu-
cyrus, Ohio, assignor to The American Clay Machinery Co.,
Bucyrus, Ohio, a Corporation of Ohio. Filed Sept. 3, 1908.
Serial No. 451,504.

A system for conveying loose material, said system includ¬
ing a belt-conveyer located at the place of loading, a second
belt conveyer operable across the delivery end of the first-
named conveyer and adapted to receive the material there-

A pipe section having at one end a socket of greater diam¬
eter than the body part and formed with tapering lugs in¬
tegral with the socket wall, provided with a pocket to retain
a packing and cement around the spigot end of a pipe section,
and having inclined surfaces extending to the edge of the
socket to enable a pipe section to be inserted into an adjacent
socket and be guided bv the inclined surfaces of the lugs into
proper alinement and held against either vertical or lateral
displacement, substantially as set forth.

927,878. Brick-Cutting Machine. John C. Ross, East
Liverpool, Ohio. Filed Oct. 20, 1908. Serial No. 458,617.

In a brick cutting machine of the type specified adapted to
have a bar of clay continuously fed thereto, a clamp for grip¬
ping the bar of clay to move the cutting mechanism with the

from, supporting frames upon which said conveyers are
mounted, a support for the receiving end of the first-named
conveyer and a track upon which the support is movable in
a plane substantially at right angles to the direction of move¬
ment of the conveyer, and a driving head mechanism at the
delivery end of the first-named conveyer and shiftably sup¬
ported on the framework thereof.

In a system of the character described, the combination
with a belt conveyer and a track or guide rail arranged sub¬
stantially parallel therewith, of a belt conveyer arranged
substantially at right angles to the first conveyer and ex¬
tending therefrom to a point proximate to the material to

bar of clay during the operation of the cutting mechanism,
when severing the clay bar into bricks.

In a machine of the character described adapted to have
a bar of clay fed thereto, the combination of cutting mechan¬
ism, operating means therefor including a clutch, means for ,
throwing the clutch into engagement, a lock for securing
the clutch throwing means, an arm adapted to be moved by
the cutter operating mechanism and a release device positively
and automatically actuated by said arm to liberate the clutch
throwing means to permit automatic disengagement of the
clutch.

CLHY RECORD.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. OCTBER 15, 1909. No. 7

•«l like to read American advertisements. They are to
themselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
Country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
out of every hundred merch mts advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

Keep your motive pure and the results will take care of
themselves.

If you meet all things with kindness you will find this a
fine old world.

If it were not for competition we should be living in the
woods in a state of savagery.

Now is the time^hat you had better be considering your
advertising. Keep it up to date and do all you can possibly
afford.

In closing a contract or settling a dispute it makes a great
difference whether you are in your own office or in the other
fellow’s.

No factor is so necessary in building up a business as
credit, and no factor is so necessary ' in building up credit
as truth.

Subscriptions to the Clay Record are just as thankfully
received in October as in any month of the year. Just one
dollar for the twenty-four issues.

The employer and the employe must realize that each must
make profit. It is because there are so many ingrates and
so many four-flushers that so few succeed.

The business man should prepare for the future so that
if ill health overtakes him he may have the money to sur¬
round himself with comforts, travel and the best of care.

When you get tired of calling Ohio the Buckeye State
you can call it the Clay State. Her clay plants took the lead
during 1908, turning out products worth $26,622,490, or
nearly twenty per cent, of the country’s total output.

MUNICIPAL BRICKLAYING AND ITS COST

In their recently published report to the original Boston
Finance Commission, Metcalf & Eddy, consulting engineers
to that body, present some glaring examples of the efficiency
with which the work of the city was accomplished. When it
came to bricklaying, one of the worst cases of inefficiency was
revealed. Based on a week’s record the best work done
by one mason consisted in laying 240 bricks per hour, but
one individual succeeded in reducing his efficiency to 13 per
hour, about one in every five minutes. Under competitive
contract similar work was done for the Metropolitan Sew¬
erage Commission, the lowest laid number being 94, and the
largest 570 per hour.

Measured on a dollar and cents basis the labor cost of
bricklaying on Mjetropolitan Sewers on competitive con¬
tracts varied according to conditions from $1.82 to $3.23
per thousand. When similar work was done on contract for
the City of Boston it cost from $2.98 to $7.35, but the su¬
preme evidence of inefficiency was shown by costs varying
from $9.04 to $18.34 when done by day labor. In a word
the city paid from three to six times as much as the Met¬
ropolitan Board.

SAND-LIME BRICK.

Geological Survey’s Report on 1908 Production.

The sand-lime brick industry is a comparatively new
one in the United States, having had its beginning in
Michigan City, Ind., in 1901. Its progress was slow at
first, the value of the production in 1903 being only $155,-
040. From that time the value increased each year until

1907, when the maximum of $1,225,769 was reached. In
common with other building materials there was a de¬
crease in 1908 in the production of sand-lime brick to
$961,226. The number of plants reporting made a rapid
growth from 16 in 1903 to 94 in 1907, with a slight de¬
crease in 1908 (to 87).

Common, front, and fancy brick were manufactured
from sand and lime in 1908. The average price per thou¬
sand for common brick was $6.63, as against $6.61 in
1907 and $6.71 in 1906; for front brick the price was
$12.16, against $10.96 in 1907 and $10.42 in 1906. In 1908
common brick composed 83.57 per cent, of the value of all
bricks and front brick 15.37 per cent.

Thirty states reported both in 1907 and 1908, Alabama
dropping out of the list in 1908 and Montana appearing.
Of the individual states Michigan, as in 1907, was the
leading state in 1908, reporting bricks valued at $138,809.
Florida was second in both years.

An advance chapter of “Mineral resources of the Unit¬
ed States, calendar year 1908,” contains tables showing
the production of sand-lime brick by states in 1907 and

1908. The pamphlet may be had free of cost by applying
to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Wash¬
ington, D. C.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES an D LObS S

OBITUARY

Zacharias McPherson died at his home in Sewickly town¬
ship, near Pittsburg, Pa., of old age. The deceased was once
a prominent brick operator and was 83 years of age. He
leaves a widow and ten children.

Jacob Biehl, a prominent resident of Pana, Ills., died at
the St. Mary’s Hospital in Decatur, after several weeks of
illness of a complication of diseases. Mr. Biehl successfully
conducted a brick yard south of this city.

John A. J. Dixon, 85 years old and for over 45 years a
brick manufacturer in Baltimore, Md., died at his home,
1614 Harlem Ave. He retired from the brick business some
years ago. In 1848 he started in the business for himself.

FIRE ! FIRE !! FIRE !!!

The sheds over the kilns of the R. H. Collins Brick works
near Alpena, Mich., were destroyed by fire.

The stables of A. McCutcheon, the St. Boniface, Manitoba
brick yards were destroyed with their entire contents, includ¬
ing forty horses, equipment and feed. The loss is $10,000.

The plant of the Empire Pottery owned by the Trenton,
(N. J.) Potteries Co., was damaged by fire to the extent of
$2500. It is thought a cigarette stump in the packing room
started same.

The plant of the Columbia Silica Co., near Portage, Wis.,
was damaged by fire to the extent of $5000. The fire was
confined to the sand plant and did not reach the department
recently built to manufacture silica brick.

The plant of the Foxhall Brick Co., at Passaic, N. J., was
totally destroyed by fire, the loss is $40,000. The plant was
closed to give the machinery an overhauling. Thomas Fox-
hall and his father were the principal stockholders.

The New York Roofing Tile Co’s, plant at Malden, N. Y.,
near Saugerties, was destroyed by fire causing a loss of
$40,000. The insurance on the plant was only $10,000. The
president of the company is Lucius Washburn of Albany.

The plant of the Horsehead (N. Y.) Brick Co., was com¬
pletely destroyed by fire causing a loss of $100,000. Insur¬
ance only $25,000. R. G. Eisenhart is the treasurer and gen¬
eral manager of the company. It is thought it is the work
of an incendiary.

BRICK MAKERS CLAY RICH IN SILVER

Excitement was aroused in Springdale, Wash., when J. W.
Gillingham, owner of a brickyard one mile north of town,
exhibited returns from an assay of a clay taken from his
land, made by a Spokane assayer, W. H. Stowell, showing
147 6-10 ounces of silver to the ton, or a market value at 50
cents an ounce for silver of $73.70. Mr. Gillingham has
been making brick for two years. With Herbert Cook, a
civil engineer, he began experiments with the clay finding
it would not make good brick, looking for traces of iron,
when Mr. Cook discovered it contained silver in large quan¬
tities.

Large quantities of the clay were sent to the Washington
state college at Pullman and to assayers for chemical

analysis.

There is a large deposit of the clay in which the silver oc¬
curs and it is supposed the bed extends along Sheep creek
for miles. It is of a silica formation, nearly identical to
the ore taken from the now famous Republic mine. \\ hen
dry it can be pulverized between the fingers.

The Danville (Ills.) Brick Co., has been sued for $5000 by
Chauncey R. Hibbs, for being injured while wheeling brick.

John Kopsheiver, an employe of the Manteno (Ills.) Brick
Co. was drowned while seining in Forked creek, seven miles
south of town.

The Salmen (La.) Brick & Lumber Co. has been sued
for $37,500 damages for two employes being injured by
machinery owned by the company.

A bill has been filed at Pittsburg, Pa., asking for a receiver
for the Phoenix Clay Pot Co. J. H. Johnson claims that they
cannot meet the pressing debts.

Angelo Ottogalli, employed at the yards of the Port Credit
(Ont.) Brick Co., died from injuries received by being
caught in the elevator shaft at the plant.

A petition in involuntarily bankruptcy has been filed
against the Mornson-Trammel Brick Co., of Rome, Ga. The
liabilities are about $40,000. assets $30,000.

Charles Freeman, a bricklayer was drowned in a claypit
at Gillies Brick Works at Hackensack, N. J. It is supposed
he walked into it in the dark as he had been drinking.

A receiver has been appointed to take charge of the affairs
of the American Clay Products Co., of Forty Fort, Pa. The
appointment was made at the request of G. A. N. Thone.

A premature explosion of dynamite in the shale pit of the
Crawfordsville (Ind.) Shale Brick Co. killed Charles Hub¬
ble and seriously injured Jasper Thompson. He will recover.

Thomas Hayes, treasurer of the Terra Cotta Workers’
Union branch at Streator, Ills., and an employe of the Barr
Clay Co., has disappeared. It is supposed he is mentally de¬
ranged.

John Fiches of Wellsville, O., has filed a petition against
the McLain Tile Brick Co. at Lisbon, Ohio, asking damages
of $5,000 for injury to him while he was a miner in the em¬
ploy of the company.

Former State Treasurer Wm. H. Berry was working about
his brick yard at Chester, Pa., when his hand caught in a pair
of rolls and it was drawn into them, drawing it out after it
had been badly smashed.

Charles Litterer, a well known brick manufacturer of
Marysville, Tenn., got his clothes caught in the brick ma¬
chine and before the machine could be stopped both legs were
ground to a pulp so they were taken off.

The estate of M. H. Gillott has filed a $15,000 damage
suit against the Sheffield (la.) Brick & Tile Co., for the
death of Mr. Gillott caused by his being caught in the ma¬
chinery and injured so that he died shortly after.

An explosion of gas followed by fire ruined the kiln house
of the Omaha (Neb.) Brick, Paint & Tile Co., and severely
burned Alex Barron, the night-engineer. P. E. Iler is presi¬
dent and the heaviest stockholder of the concern and his son
is the manager.

THE MT. SAVAGE WORKS EXPERIENCING

PROSPERITY

The Savage Mountain Fire Brick Works at Frostburg,
Md., are experiencing the returning of prosperity. During
the dull times the trade at this plant did not amount to a car
load of brick a day. Now from twelve to fifteen cars a week
are being shipped. The kilns at the plant* are being en-
'arged.

BIG TILE KILN BLOWS UP WITH TERRIFIC

FORCE

With a roar that could be heard all over the southeastern
section of the city and which shook buildings for blocks
around, a tile kiln at the Omaha Brick, Paint and Tile com¬
pany, located at Second and Hickory streets, Omaha, Nebr.,
blew up about io o’clock at night, setting fire to the kiln
house, wrecking the walls and seriously injuring Alex Bar¬
ron, the night engineer. No estimate of the damage done
could be made, but it will probably amount into the thou¬
sands.

The cause of the explosion is somewhat of a mystery.
Night Engineer Barron opened the door of the furnace un¬
der the kiln to attend the fire and immediately there was an
explosion which shook the main building, where the kilns
are located, to the foundation. Barron was carrying a lan¬
tern and it is thought that possibly this ignited the gas which
had accumulated under the kiln.

With the flash Barron, with rare presence of mind, threw
himself flat on the floor and thus escaped what seemed to
to certain death. His face, arms and hands were badly
burned, but he managed to retain his senses and crawl away
from the ruins. He was taken to the police station, where
the doctor attended him and he was sent to his rooms. While
serious his injuries are not considered dangerous.

The kiln which exploded was about ioo feet long and
eight feet wide, and was one of twelve which stretched the
length of the tile kiln room in the north end of the main
building. The fire under the kilns is kept up with oil which
circulates in pipes, and it is thought that gas in some man¬
ner generated, although the engineer could not account
for it.

The force of the explosion tore up the entire length of the
kiln, lifting the heavy concrete top and crunching it into
small pieces. A heavy brick partition between the kiln room
and the press room was budged out, and windows and doors
leading from the room were shattered.

Fire immediately .followed the explosion, setting the
frame roof ablaze and practically ruining it before the fire
department could extinguish the flames.

A number of the employes working about the building
escaped injury, but were badly shaken up.

The Omaha Brick, Paint and Tile company is one of the
largst concerns of the kind in the city. P. E. Iler is presi¬
dent and treasurer and is said to be the heaviest stock¬
holder. His son is the general manager.

MR. STITCH HOME FROM EUROPE

Former Mayor A. C. Stitch, Independence, Kansas, ar¬
rived home from his European trip October ist. He is
heavily interested in the clay industry in the gas belt of
Kansas.

He is looking the picture of health, says he had a fine trip,
and is mighty glad to get back to the United States and
Independence. “There is no country like this,” he said en¬
thusiastically. “I would like to take some of those fellows
who kick about industrial conditions here and put them up
against conditions over in Europe. This is a paradise in
comparison. I visited my old home town in Germany, the
town where I was born. It is known as a great brick manu¬
facturing center and I supposed, of course, that I would be
able to get a lot of new ideas and suggestions on brick mak¬
ing. I found that there were 140 different brick plants in
the place. I went to the largest one and was surprised to
find that it was making only 30,000 brick a day and the
common laborers were receiving only 72 cents a day. Here
in Independence we are making 75,000 brick a day at our
plant and we pay our common laborers $1.65 a day. They
have no modern improvements whatever.”

FIRE BRICK COMPANY ADDS $30,000 TO ITS
STOCK— NOW IN FINE SHAPE

A business matter of importance to the community has
been consummated when an increase in the capital stock of
the Fulton (Mo.) Fire Brick company of $30,000 was fully
subscribed and the cash paid in.

On September 6th at a meeting of the stockholders it was
voted to increase the stock from $60,000 to $90,000. The
entire increase of stock was subscribed by Luther Nickell
and he paid to the Fire Brick company $30,000.

This puts the company on a high business footing with
ample means to transact the constantly increasing business
they handle.

Mr. Nickell represents not only himself in taking the in¬
crease in the stock, but other interests with him are putting
in this money and there is no doubt but that they have se¬
cured control of one of the most valuable manufacturing
industries in the central west.

The company owns a fine plant for fire brick manufacture,
has what has been recognized as the highest grade fire clay
in Missouri and the fact that its products are recognized
as high grade is evidenced by its being used by the leading
steel corporations and railroads of the country. In addi¬
tion to the plant and clay, the company is assured of cheap
fuel at all times, as it owns 600 acres of fine coal land right
at the city limits.

The plant will continue to be run at its full capacity and
give employment to about 125 men.

Mr. J. E. Henegar, for many years with the Mississippi
Glass Co., becomes superintendent of the plant and has en¬
tered on the discharge of his duties as such. Mr. Henegar
is a young man of vim and the manufacturing department
under his control will no doubt be crowned with the same
success that he has had heretofore.

CLAY WORKING MACHINES

The above is the name of the latest catalogue gotten up
by the H. Brewer & Co. of Tecumseh, Mich. It is by far the
best and most complete catalogue that this well known con¬
cern has given to the clay trade. This company was organ¬
ized in 1849, year of the discovery of gold in California.
They are therefore “Forty-niners” and have made many
rich whom have used their machinery the same as the hills
of California have made many.

During the last few years the line of machinery made by
this old concern has been greatly enlarged, so much so that
many who knew them well are not aware as to the wide
scope of their present operations. They are justly proud of
their old machines, but conditions have changed calling for
greater capacity, and this is what has been done, added ca¬
pacity, weight, strength and efficiency, which fifty years of
constant study and experience has developed.

We are not going to say any more about the catalogue
or the machinery. If you want further information write to
them, they would be glad to answer your letters.

COLUMBUS CONCERN MAKES GREEN BRICK

For some years the Columbus, Ohio, brick men have been
attempting to get a satisfactory brick of a green color, but
while many trials of different clays have been made, the
result has not been satisfactory until now. Recently, after
making a number of tests, the Warren B. Ferris Brick Com¬
pany, with offices in the Columbus Savings and Trust build¬
ing, erected a new factory at Mapleton, and the new brick
from that plant are now on exhibition at the salesrooms of
the company. The brick are a fine green in color and it is
believed that there will be a large sale for them. They have
stood all tests and the local company’s officers expect to make
the brick from the new plant famous in building circles.

CLKV RECORD.

CANADA’S CEMENT MERGER

The following details of the new combination effected
among the manufacturers of cement in Canada are furnished
by Consul A. G. Seyfert, of Owen Sound:

According to the returns made to the Dominion govern¬
ment by the cement manufacturers of Canada, the average
price obtained by them at their works during 1908 was $1.39
per barrel. This was the lowest price ever reported by the
Canadian mills. In 1906 the average price was from $1.65
to $1.70 and in 1907 about $1.60. At the beginning of the
present year it was alleged by a number of manufacturers
that even without any increase in price the business would
be rendered more profitable by merging the large competing
companies into one gigantic concern so as to be able to con¬
trol the price and the output. The Canada Cement Company
is the result, with a capital of $30,000,000. The new com¬
pany will own and control cement-producing plants at Mon¬
treal, Lakefield, Shallow Lake, Owen Sound, Calgary, Belle¬
ville, Hull, Marlbank, Port Colborne, Exshaw, and Quebec.
These localities include points from the St. Lawrence River
to the Rocky Mountains.

The object of the merger is to eliminate the present ex¬
cessive freight charges by distributing from the plant nearest
the demand of the consumer, also to do without competitive
salesmen and middlemen. The plants included in this com¬
bination are among the best constructed and most efficiently
equipped in existence, with a capacity of 4,500,000 barrels of
Portland cement annually. During 1904 Canada manufac¬
tured 908,990 barrels of Portland cement and consumed 1,-
694,988 barrels. Almost one-half, or 784,630 barrels, were
imported. In 1908 the consumption was 3,134,338 barrels,
and the output 3,495,961 barrels, while 469,849 barrels were
imported, which means that there was a surplus of 831,472
barrels on hand at the beginning of the present year. This
caused a general depression in the cement industry and a re¬
duction in prices to such an extent that the most of the plants
were closed for the time being.

CONTROL OF MARKET— OVERPODUCTION

Inasmuch as the capacity of the output of the merger is
greater by a million barrels than the annual consumption, it
would appear as though the aim of the company was not only
to control the output, but the market of the Dominion.

Canada is rich in the raw material — marl, limestone, etc.
— that enters into the manufacture of Portland cement. Pro¬
moters have taken advantage of these opportunities, and
cement plants were organized all over the country during the
past decade. The result is that the production is greater than
the demand, and much money has been lost by the honest
stockholders, for the promoter was not always too honest.
The reorganization is not only to put the industry upon a
paving basis, but to aid as far as possible many localities
where valuable cement plants are located and which are the
main local industry.

Among the names as directors of the new company are
those of several Americans who are prominent in the Amer¬
ican cement industry, which would mean that American
capital is being invested in the organization of Canada’s Port¬
land cement industry.

FIRST FIRES STARTED AT H ARBISON-
WALKER ENSLEY PLANT

October 8th, at 12 o’clock noon, the first fire was started
in the boilers of the Harbison-Walker Refractory company’s
new brick plant near Wylam, Ala. The torch was applied
by little Miss Madeline Miller, the four-year-old daughter
of Assistant Superintendent Miller of Avenue F, Ensley.

The smoke issuing from the 150-foot stack adds another
industry to Ensley. The plant, when in full operation, will
employ about 300 men. The starting up of this plant will
add another permanent two weeks pay roll to the many now
paid out in this busy, bustling Steel City of the south.

LIFE SNUFFED OUT BY DEADLY DYNAMITE

A premature explosion of a charge of dynamite at the
shale pit of the Crawfordsville (Ind.) Shale Brick Company
resulted in the death of Charles Hubble and the serious in¬
jury of Jasper Thompson, who was the overseer of the
work.

The men were at the pit and had drilled a hole for a
charge of dynamite, as they had done many times before,
and the heavy charge of over 100 pounds had been placed in
the hole. The hole was thirty-five feet deep and had been
enlarged at the bottom by a small charge of dynamite. The
heavy charge had been lowered into the hole ready to exert
its deadly force. As is the custom a weight, attached to a
rope, was lowered into the hole so that the men could tell
just how long to cut the fuse. In lowering this Hubble did
not use the proper precaution, letting it down with such
force that the big charge was exploded. Fortunately the
force of the explosion was mostly in a horizontal direction,
sending a great pile of shale into the pit below, where the
operators were standing. Hubble was standing directly over
the hole and got the most of the effect of the upward vent
of the charge in his face and breast, and Mr. Thompson had
his face and eyes filled with the dirt and small particles of
shale. Standing about six feet from her husband when the
terrible accident occurred was the wife of Mr. Hubble, hold¬
ing in her arms her small child, but they were uninjured
save by the flying dirt. She only a few minutes before
warned her husband to be careful.

The force of the charge crushed Hubble’s face until he
was entirely unrecognizable and his breast was terribly lacer¬
ated. Assistance was called and the dirt which had partly
covered the injured man removed and he was taken to his
tent near by, where with his wife and child he was living
during the summer. He was unconscious and remained so
until his death occurred four hours later. Dr. Barcus was
called and dressed the injured man’s wounds, but gave out
no hope from the first for his recovery.

Jasper Thompson, who was also badly injured, will re¬
cover. He was taken to Culver Union Hospital, where his
wounds were dressed. His face was so badly cut up by
the particles of shale and his left eye seriously injured.

BOTH LEGS OF BRICK MANUFACTURER
CRUSHED OFF

Lying at the Knoxville hospital, with both legs amputated
above his knees, but doing fairly well under the circum¬
stances, is Mr. Charles Litterer, a well known brick manu¬
facturer of Maryville, Tenn.

Mr. Litterer fell victim to a most painful accident but
withal he gave a display of cool nerve that is hard to excel.
Mr. Litterer was busy at his plant when in some manner, a
portion of his clothing was caught in the cogs of a big brick
machine, and before the machine could be stopped both limbs
had been ground to pulp in the cogs of the machine.

While pinioned in the machine he lay there and saw one
of his limbs crushed between the cogs, up to his knee, and
then fell from the machine to the floor. While viewing this
sight his other leg was being slowly mashed to pulp.

The machinery having been stopped he coolly directed
the workmen who surrounded him, how to extricate him
from the machine, a task which in itself required some
forty-five minutes.

Preparations were made to rush him to a Knoxville hos¬
pital, and although so badly injured he did not lose con¬
sciousness but directed his foreman to fill all orders on file as
quickly as possible. At Knoxville both limbs were ampu¬
tated some distance above the knees, and, as stated above,
he is on a fair road to recovery.

Mr. Litterer is highly regarded at Maryville, being one
of that town’s most progressive citizens.

NATIONAL FIREPROOFING CO. SELLS
WASHINGTON PROPERTY

An industry of large possibilities is springing into exist¬
ence in the northern part of the District of Columbia in the
manufacture of brick and stone from sand.

The sale of the property of the National Fireproofing
company, of Pittsburg, at Terra Cotta, D. C., to S. N. Wid-
dup, has been announced. The property is near the tile and
pipe works at Terra Cotta, and the plant of the Pittsburg
firm was burned there several months ago. Mr. Widdup is
understood to have paid about $100,000 for the property.
It has an acreage of thirty-three acres, twelve houses stand
on the property, and the plant remaining consists of ten
kilns, which will be used in the operations of the future.

A company is being formed to take over the property, Mr.
Widdup acting as agent. This company will manufacture
the new style sand brick, which are meeting with great favor
in many forms of building operation. These brick are made
by a comparatively simple process from fine sand into hard,
smooth, nearly white brick, which have great resistance to
fire and water. One form of the brick to be made is water¬
proof and all varieties are fireproof, except possibly at the
point of fusion for silica.

With the property purchased Mr. Widdup now controls
the major part of the large sand bank extending from Terra
Cotta to Takoma, a full mile in length, with workable sand
at least thirty feet in thickness. The new company will be¬
gin operations this year by the improvement of the plant
already on the ground, and will enter actively into the manu¬
facture of the brick described, as well as of all forms of arti¬
ficial stone.

WHITE PRESSED BRICK PLANT SOLD

Frank P. Fleming, as special master at Jacksonville, Fla.,
sold to J. F. Williams, of Daytona, for $I4,325> what is
known as the Florida White Pressed Brick Co. plant, about
four miles north of the city, to satisfy a mortgage in favor
of the Barnett National Bank, and against the Florida White
Pressed Brick Company. This is a very valuable property,
and it was said that it sold for about one-third its value. It
consists of about 22 acres of land in the Sibbald grant, brick
molds, three presses, steam boiler, 150-horsepower Corliss
engine, 125-horsepower steam feed pump, 150-horsepower,
and other brickmaking machinery, and conveniences, such as
120 steel cars, railroad iron, etc.

W. M. Bostwick, attorney for the bank, was the only bid-
ber against Mr. Williams. Mr. Williams declined to say
what was his intentions in acquiring the property, but others
said the plant would be operated by him at the present loca¬
tion. It has turned out many millions, of fine white brick
here, as can be seen in numerous buildings at Jacksonville.

ROOFING TILE FACTORY IS TOTALLY DE¬
STROYED BY FIRE

Fire totally destroyed the works of the New York Roof¬
ing Tile Company at' Malden, near Saugerties, N. Y., entail¬
ing a loss of about $40,000 with about insurance of $10,000
to cover it. The president of the company is Lucius Wash¬
burn, an Albany lawyer.

The origin of the fire is unknown, although it is believed
to have been caused by sparks from the engine of the north
bound train on the West Shore railroad, the works being ad¬
jacent to the tracks. The fire started immediately after the
train had passed.

The loss to the company is serious, as it had several large
contracts to fill, among them being three for the United
States government. The works in all probability will be re¬
built.

McDonough clay product company or¬
ganized WITH MAIN OFFICES
AT MACOMB

Macomb, Illinois, is to have another manufacturing com¬
pany, known as the McDonough Clay Products Co. The
main office is to be located there. Not much is known of the
company further than it has been in course of construction
for some time. Charles J. Swanson of Chicago is one of
those interested and will accompany S. B. Downer of Mac-
comb within a few days to look over conditions.

The company will manufacture articles out of clay. It is
understood that they will get their clay from what is known
as the Winters’ farm, west of the city, now owned by J. H.
Rexroat, as it is known that samples of clay from that farm
have been tested for some time and have been found to be
of a high quality. The company is organized for the manu¬
facture of telegraph and telephone insulators, pressed brick,
and the Climax stock guard. This guard is now made in
the east, and is taking the place of wood and iron very fast.
It is the only stone stock guard made. There is a great de¬
mand for it at the present time.

FOXHALL BRICK CO. PLANT DESTROYED

BY FIRE

The plant of the Foxhall Brick company, on the River
drive, at the extreme south end of Passaic; N. J., was totally
destroyed by fire, shortly after 6 o’clock, at a loss estimated
at $40,000.

The place had not been in operation for a few days, it be¬
ing closed to give the machinery an overhauling. Only the
day watchman was in the building when the fire started.

The flames were discovered a short distance from- the
boiler house and before any material assistance could be
rendered the entire three floors were ablaze in the rear.

The flames spread so quickly that nothing could be saved.
The books, papers and records of the company, and all of
the office furniture were consumed.

Passaic firemen were summoned but arrived too late fi>
save anv part of the structure. Thomas Foxhall and his
father are the principal owners of the business. The con¬
cern manufactures a sand lime brick of a special grade.

' KANSAS WILL TEST YOUR CLAY

The work now being undertaken to discover the properties
and the commercial value of various clays found in Kansas
is expected to reveal new and rich resources in the state.
The state geologist, Professor Erasmus Flaworth, is the one
who is directing investigation, by the use of the improved
facilities for such work now available at the University of
Kansas.

The new mining and geology building at that institution
has just been completed. All kinds of physical and chem¬
ical tests of the raw clay and of the burned product can be
made and a kiln will be prepared especially adapted for
firing samples.

Any citizen of Kansas who has clay that he would like to
have tested may now secure an expert opinion without other
expense than the freight to Lawrence on a hundred pound
sample. It is the opinion of many that the raw material for
large and profitable industries now lies- unknown in many
parts of the state and Professor Haworth thinks that it will
require two years to complete this survey.

The Empire Pottery on Muirhead Ave., Trenton, N. J.,
was visited by a $2500 fire, which started in the packing ma¬
terial shed.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS.

The Sugar Grove (Ohio) Brick Co. has resumed opera¬
tions at their sand-lime brick plant.

Walter Wyant & Bazelman Bros, have started a cement
brick plant at O’Neill, Neb. The plant is at the Bazel¬
man Lumber Yards.

The Grande Brick Co., Grand Rapids, Mich., manu¬
facturers of sand-lime brick is already running to the
limit of its capacity.

The Montana Granite Brick Co., Helena, Mont., has just
issued a handsome illustrated catalogue describing its plant
and the product it manufactures.

Tlie Foxhall Brick Co’s, plant at Passaic, N. J., which was
being overhauled was damaged by fire to the extent of $40,-
000. The concern manufactures a high grade sand lime
brick.

The plant of the Florida White Pressed Brick Co., near
Jacksonville, Fla., has been sold by a special master to J. F.
Williams of Daytonia for $14,325, which is about one-third
its value.

The Mitchell (S. Dak.) Tile & Cement Works has a
force of men at work turning out large quantities of tile
and they are being sold as fast as the farmers can take
them away.

The Flint (Mich.) Sandstone Brick Co., will add another
drying cylinder to increase the capacity— 20,000 bricks daily.
A new press is also to be installed and a 150 horsepower

boiler added.

The Electric Cement Post & Tile Co., of Lake Citv, la.,

J T

has just closed a contract for twelve miles of cement drain
tile for the county. The tile will be from 6 to 24 inches in
size and will cost $17,000.

The Sioux Fall (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. which has
been under the management of Johnson Bros., has been sold
to Nebraska capitalists, who became interested and wanted
to own the whole of the stock as a paying investment.

Edinburg, (Ill.) Cement Tile & Brick Co. has been
incorporated with $10,000 capital stock to make cement
products and building materials. The incorporators are
J. R. Harrington, B. A. Turner and G. W. Milligan.

The Basic Lime Products Co. has awarded contracts
for a large plant at Kenova, W. Va., to be run by 30
electric motors. The specialty will be the manufacture
of hydrated lime both high calcium and magnesium.

The Miracle Cement Block & Brick Co., Muskogee,
Okla., has increased its capital stock from $5,000 to $10,000
and will reorganize. The officers are C. T. True, presi¬
dent; Byron Bronson, vice-president; W. H. Pritchett,
treasurer; and I. T. Wysong, secretary.

CHICAGO CEMENT SHOW IN FEBRUARY

President Edward H. Hagar of the Cement Products Ex¬
hibition company, has announced that the next cement show
will he held at the Coliseum February 18 to 26, at which
time leading associations identified with the trade will hold
conventions. Among those scheduled to convene are the
National Association of Cement Users, the American So¬
ciety of Engineering Contractors, National Builders’ Supply
Association, Illinois Society of Municipal Contractors, Illi¬
nois Lumber Dealers’ Association, Illinois Masons’ Supply
Association and the Interstate Mantel and Tile Dealers’ As¬
sociation of the United States.

PHILADELPHIA ONE OF THE THREE GREAT
BRICK MANUFACTURING CENTERS.

Philadelphia is one of the three great brick manufac¬
turing centers of the United States, the others being Chi¬
cago and the Hudson river counties of New York.

Although the first brick used in Philadelphia were
brought from England, the settlers were not long in dis¬
covering that excellent clay beds were at hand. The in¬
dustry was begun early in the eighteenth century and
from that time to the present day the demand for brick
has been met almost exclusively by local manufacturers*

And the demand has been a heavy one; brick having al¬
ways been and continues to be, the most used building
material in Philadelphia. To-day the capital invested in
the industry amounts to about $2,500,000, while the value
of the real estate, building, machinery and tools of the
thirty-seven manufacturers is valued at about the same
amount.

In the early days the brick yards were located in the
very center of the city, but now the clay beds that are
being worked are located in the southwestern section of
the city, in West Philadelphia and in other outlying dis¬
tricts. The supply of clay is practically inexhaustible.

For more than 150 years the brick manufactured were
made by hand. Then some twenty-five years ago ma¬
chinery was introduced. The industry has since grown
by leaps and bounds, keeping pace with a wonderful de¬
mand. The latest machines are capable of turning out
40,000 bricks a day.

The average number of houses built a year in Philadel¬
phia is now 7,000. The vast majority of these are of brick
yet the contractors have not been forced to go to an out¬
side market for their bricks. The stiff, hard clay found in
and about the city is well suited for the manufacture of
the common red brick, and to this product the manufac¬
turers have, for the most part, turned their attention, al¬
though during the last fifteen years there has been a
marked increase in the manufacture of red front and
other fancy styles of brick made here. Philadelphia need
acknowledge no superior in the manufacture of artistic
bricks.

Every year the brick yards turn out more than 206,-
000,000 common red brick, valued at more than $1,400,000.
It is these that are used in making this municipality the
greatest city of homes in the world. Some fifteen million
ornamental brick are manufactured annually. Few brick
are shipped from this port, the home market taking care
of the supply.

The vitrified brick, used in the paving of streets, is not
manufactured within the city limits, as these brick are
not made of clay at all, but of shale, a material not found
in any quantity in this country. There are, how'ever
number of firms with headquarters in this city that handle
these brick, which have proven popular and have been
used extensively for paving purposes. Another impor¬
tant branch of the local industry is the manufacture of
firebrick, the great number of foundries located in Phil¬
adelphia making an excellent market for this product.

Brick manufacturing has won a place well up on the
list of the great industries of the city.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arr,Mri to Sult a" Loc,,t,ons

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile. Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Points of liuoeriority: Cheapness in construction. Easv to understaud and oper-te. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns Specially adapted for Utilising Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. HA I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Bonner County Brick Co., has been capitalized at
$50,000 at Sand Point, Idaho.

The Manteno (Ills.) Brick Co., is now operating its plant.
Same will be steady until the middle of December.

The Morton (Ills.) Tile Works are now doing a big busi¬
ness, selling all the tile they can make to the local farmers.

The plant of the S. Barnes Brick Co., Rochester, Pa., which
recently burned will be rebuilt at once increasing the capacity.

The Rockport (Ind.) Drain Tile Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $50,000 capital stock. Directors are J. A. Long, W.
C. Elston and A. P. Rice.

The Model Brick Co., Carrollton, Texas, has been incor¬
porated with $25,000 capital stock by Joe C. Thompson, A.
J. Boedfeld and J. C. Siddons.

The Peebles Brick Co., Portsmouth, O., has landed a con¬
tract for 2,500,000 paving brick for Cairo, Ills. The brick
will be shipped down the Ohio river.

Grant park parties, backed by Mir. Curtis have bought the
Eastern Illinois Brick Co’s., plant at Beecher, Ills., paying
$10,500 for the entire plant at public sale.

The Steelton (Pa.) & Harrisburg Brick Co., is. working
175 men at the first-named plant which is taxed to its fullest
capacity on account of the burning of the Harrisburg plant
which is now being rebuilt.

The Weir Brick Co., Weir City, Kansas, is keeping busy
with many orders. They are making a specialty of the
■ natural glazed brick which are impervious and are very
popular for building fronts, etc.

By the signing of the contracts for the water main exten-
tion by the city "of Findlay, O., to the plant of the Hancock
Brick & Tile Co. in the south end of the city the long fight
by this company for fire protection is ended.

' Adam Danford, for many years superintendent of the Red¬
dick Brick & Tile works has accepted a position with the
St. Anne (Ills.) Brick & Tile Co., taking the place of A.
J. Whitehead, who has become interested in a Michigan plant.

The Columbus Grove (O.) Brick & Tile Co., are rushing
the manufacture of tile so as to try to keep up with the
orders coming from the farmers within a radius of fifteen
miles from the factory. One farmer purchasing twenty-five

carloads. _ '

The Draper (Utah) Silica Brick & Clay Co., has been or¬
ganized with $125,000 capital stock with R. P. Morris as
president ; D. O. Rideout, vice president; W. Carlson, sec¬
retary and H. B. Prout, treasurer. The company takes over
several small properties.

The Leon Keeble Brick Co., reported in the last issue will
build their plant at Lindale, Texas. The capital stock is $20,-
000, held by Leon Keeble and W. H. Rivers and Wayland
Rivers of Elgin, Texas, the latter two being connected with
the Elgin National Bank.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston

FISKE & CO., Inc.,

New York

The announcement is made that a large brick factory is to
be erected at Lincoln, Placer Co., Cali.

A commission has been issued to the Carolina Clay Co., of
Georgetown, S. C. Capital stock $25,000.

The Clark Brick Co., Little Rock, Ark., has begun the de¬
livering of 1,000,000 brick for the State National Bank Bldg.

Miller Bros. & Co., of Mulberry, are now' in charge of the
Arcadia (Kansas) Brick Co. works and will put same in
operation at once.

The Fulton (Mo.) Fire Brick Co., has increased its capital
stock from $60,000 to $120,000 and will more than double the
capacity of the plant.

Braun Bros., Cassville, Wis., expect to make extensive im¬
provements at their plant so that they can handle the output
of their plant with greater dispatch.

The Lexington (Texas) Brick & Tile Co., has been in¬
corporated with $7,500 capital stock. Incorporators are G.
P. Dickson, E. Zander, R. F. McGinty and others.

The Big Horn Brick Co., Cody, Wyoming, has just set
fires under a kiln of 1,000,000 brick, the product having been
in great demand on account of new brick buildings going up.

The Milltown (N. J.) Terra Cotta & Fire Brick Co., has
been organized with $100,000 capital stock by F. Klenk, of
Long Island City, A. Keith of New York and A. Zeltman, of
Milltown.

The Simons Brick Co., of Los Angeles, California, have
closed a contract for land at El Centro, in the south eastern
part of the city for a site for a brick and tile works which is
to be in operation within the next ninety days.

The Blackford Window Glass Co., Vincennes, Ind., has
added a clay department and can now furnish German tank
blocks, glass melting pots, floaters, rings and clay materials
of all kinds. The addition cost $50,000 and is under the man¬
agement of Frank Bastin, the head of the company.

CL-7SY RECORD.

James Walch is considering the moving of his brick plant
to Mounds, Okla.

The Abingdon (Ills.) Paving Brick & Tile Co., are to
make improvements to their plant that will cost about $20,-
000.

J. M. Parkins has moved his family from Humboldt,
Kansas, to Muscogee, Okla., where he is engaged in brick¬
making.

The Oakland (Neb.) Brick Co., is experimenting with
some clay taken from near Takamah as to its desirability for
tile making.

W. H. Strong, mayor of Brewton, Ala., and owner of the
Brewton Brick Works, is building a handsome brick block at
Gulfport, Miss.

The Ft. Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Co., has let contracts
for 20 down draft round kilns to be built at once. The com¬
pany now have five square kilns.

The Fairmount (Ind.) Tile Co., have closed down pending
the completion of a number of repairs. The recent heavy
rains caused damage to one of the kilns.

The Port Credit (Onta.) Brick Works are just complet¬
ing a $35,000 extension to their brick works and have planned
the construction of 12 additional kilns for the spring.

P. W. Hearn, secretary and treasurer of the Lehigh (la.)
Clay Products Co., has moved to Webster City and taken
charge of the Tuscola Supply & Construction Co’s, local
office.

The Susquehanna Clay Products Co., has been incorpor¬
ated with $100,000 capital stock. Incorporators are A. Ap¬
pleton of Darby, Pa., W. Killen, of Philadelphia and E. S.
Parsons of Darby, Pa.

The improvements to the Sweetser (Ind) Drain Tile Co.,
plant are nearly complete. Two substantial brick buildings
have been completed as an addition and additional machinery
installed. Col. Baum is the manager.

The Tiffany & Pickett Co., of New Haven, Ct., has been
incorporated with $75,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
D. B. Tiffany, Frederick B. Pickett and A. R. Plumley. They
will conduct a coal, lumber and brick business.

The Valleyford (Wash.) Brick & Tile Co., has com¬
pleted its first seasons run, making 3,000,000 brick. The re¬
mainder of the season will be devoted to constructing a dryer
and a continuous kiln of 40,000 daily capacity.

The Range Brick Co., Hibbing, Minn., has been incorpor¬
ated with $100,000 capital stock. Incorporators are C. A.
Remington, of Hibbing, H. S. Lord, of Carlton, A. W. Ker-
ridge, J. C. Keis and R. I. Hall, of Minneapolis.

C. H. McNider has purchased the 340 acres of land of the
heirs of J. M. Calkins, which is underlain by the same de¬
posits of clay as is used by the Mason City, Iowa, plants. The
Farmers’ Co-operative Brick & Tile Co., is within a short dis¬
tance.

The New Jersey Clay Brick Co., has been incorporated
with $100,000 capital stock. Incorporators are David Mc¬
Carthy and Frank Murphy of 105 N. 2nd Street, Phila¬
delphia, and Wm. Gibberson of Florence. The plant is at
Florence.

The American Clav Products Co., of Minneapolis, Minn.,
has been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. Louis F.
Mettelman is president, Fred H. Schriber, vice-president,
and Charles R. Parker, secretary and treasurer. We re¬
ported this company as being at St. Paul in last issue.

The Diamond Brick Co., has been organized by practical
business men in the Valley with $60,000 capital stock and a
lease has been secured on the Leuden farm near Buttonwood,
Pa. The incorporators are P. H. Kehoe and W. P>. Mowery,
of Wilkesbarre, William Amesburg, Councilman Daniel H.
Evans and John J. Rushno, of Forty Fort and Arthur Root.

A red pressed brick plant has been put in operation at
Shoshone, Idaho, with twelve men on the payroll.

Work has begun on the McDade (Texas) Brick Works
and in a short time good brick will be placed on the market.

The Atlantic Tiling Co., 15 Exchange Place, Jersey City,
N. J., has changed its name to Architectural Tile & Faience
Co.

Nephi, Utah, is to have a $40,000 brick making plant. A
company has been incorporated with C. F. Hoffman at the

head.

The Illinois Fire Proofing Co., has purchased 10 acres of
land in Grafton, Ills., for the purpose of establishing a brick

plant.

The machinery has arrived for the $35,000 brick plant
that is to be built by the Paragon Brick Co., at Sheridan,
Wyoming.

The Spencerville (O.) Tile Co., has taken down their old
buildings and purchased additional land and are rebuilding
their plant.

The Manufacturing Supply Co., manufacturers of brick
have located near Wells, Mich. About $20,000 brick are
made daily.

The Brick and Tile factory at Flat Rock, Mich., con¬
ducted by Bunto Bros., is working night and day to keep
up with orders.

Becker & Miller, Bay City, Mich., has bought the Stone
Island Brick Co., plant which has been idle for two years and
will start same at once.

E. C. and W. R. Stuck has bought the interests of other
stockholders in the Jonesboro (Ark.) Brick Co. W. R.
Stuck will take charge and the plant will be enlarged.

The Dover Brick & Tile Co., Cleveland, Ohio, has been
incorporated by E. H. Arnold, G. B. Sloat, G. W. Arnold,
J. H. Brice and F. H. Burnap. Capital stock $40,000.

The sale of the Bartlett Brick Co. plants at Roseton and
Hudson, N. Y., has been postponed until Nov. 9th. They
are to be sold on the court house steps at Newburgh.

The Aransas Pass Pressed Brick & Shingle Co., Aran¬
sas Pass, Texas, has been incorporated with $2500 capital
stock by T. C. Whitehead, W. E. Sewell and O. C. -McLeod..

The Coffey ville (Kan.) Shale Brick Co., has bought a
$9000 steam shovel from the Thew Automatic Shovel Co.,
and has sold their old and smaller shovel to the Tyro Brick
Co.

The Willpicaba Clay Works at Ragland, Ala., is running
at full capacity, making paving brick. A continuous kiln
is soon to be built that will cost $15,000. C. H. Pittman is
the general manager.

The M'pDonough Clay Products Co., Macomb, Ills., has
been organized and will manufacture clay articles from clay
taken from the Winters’ farm west 01 the city. Charles J.
Swanson of Chicago, is interested.

The Kansas Brick Co., Canev, Kansas, has been organized
by S. M. Porter and W. O. Truskett of Caney, Mr. Coch¬
rane, of Topeka, Mr. Wiley of Chantite and Mr. Jewett of
Wichita. This is the outgrowth of the old Monarch propo¬
sition.

C. H. Crowl and associates of Cherry vale, Kansas, will
build a large brick plant at Tulsa, Okla. They will make
125,000 bricks daily and operate the coal mine. Mr. Crowl
operates a plant at Cherryvale and is a prominent brick-
maker.

At the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Chanute
(Kansas) Brick & Tile Co., the following officers were
elected : G. W. McFarlance, president, E. P. Bodie, general
manager, A. M. Allen, secretary and G. W. Grebe, treasurer.
The stockholders were pleased with the years’ report and in¬
structed the officers to push the work the coming year.

FOR SALE

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE

_ _ oggeri quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St..

No bitter made, cut iron,
S8 and JlO.to

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel, S3. 25
Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK. MICH

WANTED

One go id second hand Housing for Stevenson 9
foot dry pan, 2 pieces. Address,

BOX 52.

Hyndman, Pa.

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

Ferguson's Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 314 to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L- FINK,

Bricelyn, Minn.

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features. Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Burn 99 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
618 1 4i h St., N. E. Washington, D C.

DRV PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at oncj.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Care of Clay Record, Chicago Ill.

Bight and left-hand One, Two a«id Three Way
8 witches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

CLAY FOR SALE

Tell us what kind of Clay is wanted; we may have
it in our line.

Industrial Commission, Soo Ry.,
Minneapolis, Minn.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

Operating continuosly since 1893 at Clay-
ville, Virginia, manufacturing the universally
known Powhatan Front Bricks. The entire
plant enipracing 800 acres of land, employees’
buildings, store, good will, etc , is offered at
advantageous terms. Address,

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

WANTED

Adddress “MICHIGAN” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition. CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,
57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co. No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, Ind

DRYER CARS

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, < hio

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill-

WANTED

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

“LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fite
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in day-
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

BRICK YARD FOR SALE.

I have a nice little Brick and Tile Plant that sup¬
plies a local trade of 500,000 to 800 000 Brick
and 100,000 Tile, 7 acres of fine red burning clay. New
6 room dwelling, new 40 H. P. Engine, 65 H. P. Boiler,
Frost make. Frost Dry Pan, Brewer Mill, Automatic
cutter, Hoisting drum. Steel track, everything in
first-class running condition. No debt. Sheds and
Buildings newly roofed. 2 good down draft kilns,
Stiff mud pallets for 100,000 brick, premises newly
fenced with “American Field.” Good pasture and
fine for truck, right in town. $12,000 would scarcely
replace it. Will take $4,900 cash, $2,000 down, time
on rest. Would consider an exchange for small
well improved property at its low cash value. If
this looks right to you come and see it, no time to
fool away in correspondence.

C. A. ZANDER,

Rushville, Ill.

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new.
Made about 200,000 brick. Guarenteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO ,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Brick Yard within easy hauling distance of
Chicago. 13 acres, well equipped plant. Would
lease or make good proposition to man to make
investment and run the plant. Address
FRANCIS LASLOW.

79 Walnut St., Oshkosh, Wis.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20.00 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L- JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

'IIP

NANSEN

P'ABRULZf

" DON’T QUARREL, BOYS

I BEAT YOU TO IT

™ 9

> •

ANOTHER

American Triumph

The American^Eagle Gets the Pole

All honor to a standard among Nations and a world
wide standard of machinery excellence

While Peary stops to argue and Cook stoops to cajole,

^The Eagle keeps on pressing brick to pave clear to the pole.1

The American
the race to the

Eagle has Won
North Pole!

THE AMERICAN EAGLE WINS THE POLE IN EVERY RACE BE-
cause its superiority places it easily in the lead, and brings it in a winner in every contest.
There is no Eagle like the American Eagle; there is no repress like the American Eagle
Repress. It leads the world in ambition and achievement. It has a larger record of victories
than all others because it has been groomed and trained to win and has the staying quality
back of it.

There are more Eagle Represses in operation today than there are all other Represses.
Were all the Eagle Represses, now in operation, set to work making pavers, they would in a
single season make enough brick to pave a roadway from the United States to the North Pole
and it would be a good roadway too, because no repressed brick is superior to the brick made
on the Flagle.

If you are interested in the best repressed brick possible and the best possible press to make
them on, \ ou should know all about the Eagle. We will send you a full description for the
asking Our big catalogue tells all about our long line of machinery for making every class of
clay products by every known process. We make all this machinery in our own plants and can
guarantee every quality to be equal to that of the Eagle Repress. If you are interested in a
quality that will make repair bills the exception instead of the rule, you can save money by
installing the “Built Right, Run Right’’ line of Clay Working Machinery.

We build every machine and every appliance for making every class of clay products by
every process. We can meet the exact needs of every clay worker without prejudice. If you
have a clay problem we can solve it for you. Correspondence solicited.

■J

The American Clay

Bucyrus,

Machinery Company

Ohio, U. S. A.

Centrifugal Clay Screen

IN OUR NEW CENTRIFUGAL CLAY SCREEN WE HAVE A RADICAL DEPART-
ure in Clay Screens. The motion is centrifugal instead of vibratory. The life of the
machine is thus lengthened and the capacity increased. As the cut shows the screen is
made up of two hoppers substantially mounted on a steel frame. The screen plate is circular
with large screening surface. It is supported by spiders in a horizontal position. The spiders
are keyed to the vertical shaft which is connected to the driving shaft by a pair of bevel gears.

Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging perforations in the
plate.

Surrounding the vertical shaft is
a cast iron hopper or spout through
which the clay is fed on the screen
plate. This hopper can be raised or
lowered to regulate the flow of clay
on the screen. The hopper being al¬
ways full of clay keeps an even flow
to the screen. The screen. as it re-
voles throws the clay from the center
to the outside of the screen plate, the
flow being even and regular. The
larger particles of clay, too large to
pass through the perforations, pass
over the screen plate to the outside
and fall through the outer housing
to a spout conveying them to the
grinding pan for regrinding. The
fine particles of clay sift through the
screen plate into the inner housings
or hopper and pass to a conveyor and
into a clay bin.

The whole operation is rapid and
thorough and the principle insures
great capacity and freedom from
troubles. Many of these screens have
been installed and are giving univer¬
sal satisfaction.

In actual operation the No. 147
Screen, which has a screen plate six
feet in diameter, is screening equal
to the capacity of two nine-foot
dry pans. We also build this screen
with a four-foot screen which will handle clay to the capacity of one pan. Full particulars
as to construction and operation of this screen will be sent upon request

We build every machine and appliance required for the manufacture of every class of clay
products by all processes. We are much the largest manufacturers of Clay Working Machinery
in the world. Manufacturing as we do every machine and appliance right in our own facto¬
ries we are better prepared to serve you at a saving in time and money than are others.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD

Wet and Dry Pans

TO THE EXACTING BUYER OF DRY AND WET PANS OUR LINE APPEALS
strongly because of the superiority of design and excellence of material and workmanship
all of which are features which are of the greatest importance in the permanent satis¬
factory operation of pans. The capacity of a pan depends largely upon its design and
construction, and the distinctive features embodied in our line of pans have given them a greater
capacity than others and have insured more working hours per pan with fewer delays and
repairs than can be had from other styles of pans. We have been generous in the design of
each pan our lines being the heaviest on the market. This feature should be given special
consideration as a lighter weight pan is necet-sarily much cheaper and should not be compared

with our heavy, durable and
efficient machines

The heavy side frames
are substantially tied to¬
gether at the top by the
cross beam, in the center by
tie bars and also on the floor
line. The shafting is large
and of steel. The gears are
of special design and excel¬
lent quality. The bearings
are long and well babitted.
The mullers are heavy,
adjustable and removable.
The screen plates are made
of special iron. The step is
of our approved type and
the complete pan is one that
can be depended upon under
more than ordinary circum¬
stances. All joints are care¬
fully machined and fitted
and bolts are made secure
by lock- nuts. The vertical
shaft and muller shafts are
secured by large removable
bearings, which make it pos¬
sible to remove any of these
shaftsor the mullers without
disturbing the balance of the pan. The gearing is kept to its full efficiency by our device for
taking up any possible wear, which insures a perfect mesh of teeth at all times.

For preparing successfully many kinds of fire clay, shale and slate used for paving brick,
and for grinding burnt brick or pipe for grout, etc., dry or wet pans are a necessity. The wet
pans are particularly adapted for handling material in moist condition, while for use in dry pans
it should be practically dry, so that when ground, it will readily pass through the screen plate
without clogging

Write for particulars on our “Divided Screen Plate" which will make a big saving of screen plates. There in no machine
required for the manufacture of any clay product which we do not build. Each machine is superior in it’s class and ot our
standard quality.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CLKV RECORD

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

THE BOSS SYSTEM of BURNING BRICK

Applies lo Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
PRESSURE.

40% Reduction
in Fuel f ost.

Burns All First=Class Hard Brick

OFFICE: MONGER BLDG. Elkhart, Indiana

Oo Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON NINER4L PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

C. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABBIEL & SCHALL

#05 NPW VODIf p* o. Bo*
Pearl Street ▼▼ ‘ 171»

Saven the labor of from 1 to 2 men in every factory, besides
mixing and feeding the clay evenly to the disintegrator
One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

sUMMITVILLE DRAIN TILE COMPANY

Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Erlewine, Secy, and Treas.,

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana
Dear Sir:

Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst.,will state that the type“C”
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is “making good” in
every way and is all you claim for it.

Since installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less, thereby reducing our weekly pay-roll $20.00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10# decreased our power 10#, and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, you can easily see the great advantage we have
since installing the Feeder and Mixer.

All this saving is effected because of the even, steady feeding of the clay
to our disintegrator. We have our tracks elevated about 9 feet above your
Feeder and Mixer, and we are enabled to dump about 25 car loads of clay
in our storage bin over the Feeder, and the Feeder takes care of all this clay
without any further attention on our part.

We feel that this is one of the most valuable machines we have in our
plant and no one who has ever tried one of your Clay Feeders would go
back to the old way. Thanking you for the courtesies shown, we remain

Very truly yours.

Summit vi lx is Drain Tile Co., Per James F. Morris, Vice-Pres.

MARION MACHINE. FOUNDRY and SUPPLY C0„ Marion, ma.

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

THIS wonderful
pump does the work
of two men, at a
small fraction of
their wages, and
without argument.

It will pay for it¬
self in a very short time. Think of the sav¬
ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can eflford
to be wiihout the marvelous

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to do its best — it can’t dp
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honest}’, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. (21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

CL.HY RECORD.

Fire Brick=Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

SomethingjiiNew in Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 1 4,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
putin operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk. Va.

►

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
{Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
' drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

\ AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one fox* Clay, Shale, one for Rock

NSE-Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30# to 60# less 3peed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL, FORCE.

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
"‘Ask for Circulars an«l Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 4-10 Jaccard Bldg.,

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis. 36 UaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.
I.indrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.) wnu

ENGINES— Corliss — 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES — Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14^x
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9^x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES — Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x 1 6 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,

12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also fu I assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street

Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & McLftRtN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running

Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works “w*1"

"A CHANGE IN FLUES MARES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

CL-MY RECORD.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

Masssive and well proportioned .
Best material ,

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism .
Independent or yoked mailers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crasher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick,
c. Built to the

standard specifications of the
N. B, M, A,

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Result*, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

OPUIIDC Perfected
OUlHJnO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No.2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping-. They Interlock. Light, Strong,

J°^ltl- (Patented.)

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

USTILES, OHIO

CLAY RECORD,

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process tor Making "GRANITE BRICK"

My system enables the manufacturer to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of q,ooo pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porc’elain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel— Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

. THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

OFFICE AND SHOPS 1335 SLOAN STREET «• > >• «• «<• CHICAGO

CLKY RECORD.

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

YARD SUPPLIES

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
GHOUT

MODEL SAND DRYER

GUARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

OF ALL KINDS

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE “P” CRUSHER

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

TRUCKS J

WE BUILD URY OR WET PANS 5-T OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

y {dM<jo KjJtiO ^QHjdai mco*! ^

A A A A V ~ A. m. W A

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

PATENTED

RRICK

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 95520
November 14, 1906, No. 804489
May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. C0„ Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

^ ^doujQaojutuH i

Good News For Tile Men

The Big Profits are in the Big Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL MILL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

\ '
\

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

-yiim

Wt also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Prick

Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

,.i

Mo. 217-E

Electric Side Dump Car.

No. 146

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from i ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

-. *** - •C <6*r*,4

No. 161 -A

Cable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

CARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

^f3IN.

'-3FT

>FT.

:i "l.

l\-‘

i-IFT.

NO. 217 S

Either Side Roclcer Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 128

Double Deck Car
i Malleable Iron Uprights.

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 1.29

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry Car,

Mas Car an

OLEirELJLND, OHIO

r.,

. Co

Of THE

WIlVERSITr oflUMCtt-

AWfi^tAL

THE Di66EMiMA
ALL MATTERS
PERTAiNiNG

TP THE —

V&<

//S:

'Value of a Bricklaying School to the Brick Manufacturer”

Fuel Tests of Illinois Coals .

New Makes it Necessary forail Employers' to kook After

Safety of Employes ... 22 Death of L H Martin

Mason City Tile Makers too Busy to Make Brick ' ' '

Advantages of Electricity as a Motive Power in the Brick Business ‘ '
Says American Potters want only their Rights . . '

A New Combination Pump Equipment . . .

Some Miscreant gets in Work at Brick Plant in Zanesville '

Pacific Coast News Items ...

Buy Brick for Packing Plant ....

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer
Brick and Tile Industry . '

Obituary ... . . .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! . . . .

Nebraska Capitalists Buy Sioux Falls Plant
Accidents, Damages and bosses

$350,000 Brick* Manufacturing Organization Effected in canev
bocation of Clay Beds in Province of Nova Scotia . '

Drained bands in Illinois are Productive

Frederick E. Frey Dead 30 Unions Vote Down'oVeriimV Recmest
Paving Brick Plant at Piscataway '

The Alliance Brick Company now Ready to do Business

Port Credit Company Extending Plant . , .

Will Establish School to Teach Bricklaying iii Texas

October Meeting of Hudson River Brickmaker.-, ....

The New York Brick Market .

bouisville Capitalists Organize a <200,000 Clay Plane for West Virginia
Jacksonville Will At bast get a barge Brick Yard

Contract Signed for the bocation of an Important Industry .

Brick Plant Casts Aside Old Power Transmission

Brick Best and Cheapest for Florida .

Ilerr Works on Clay Exhibit . . .

Ohio Valley Clay Plant Enlarged and Modernized

First Tapestry Brick for Cleveland

New Brick Plant Erected in Statesville ...

Sand or bime Brick or Block News .

Installing Oil Burners in Kansas 33 Hollo - Tile Test at New York

Miscellaneous Items . .

ANNOUNCEMENT

It is with pleasure that we inform you
of our acquisition of the patents, business
and good will of the Horton Manufacturing
Company of Painesville, Ohio.

The Horton Manufacturing Company •
build the most complete and perfect line of
Soft Mud Brick Making Machinery in the
United States, which, added to our line
of modern machinery, will constitute the
strongest power in the world of Clay Work¬
ing Machinery.

The new line will be christened the
“Raymond-Horton” and is now placed be¬
fore you as the embodiment of Soft Mud
perfection.

* ■ , - - .... - - ■ ■ . . . . . . ' 11 . -

THE C.W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

The Raymond- Horton

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and ail appurtenances will be manufac¬
tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

We are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray¬
mond-Horton line,

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

«*-

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Hammerstein and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is
faced with over 600,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks
were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
* cheaper than common brick can be made in any cP her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £> Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

A A
W «

The Andrus Brick Press I

" K

Makes Brick Every Day i

ft
ft
ft
ft
8
ft
ft
ft
8
ft
ft

Been doing it 20 year 5.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District.

k. m
m a

■

W 0

Scott Manufacturing Co. ft

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING ft

ft
8

88888S8K8S8888888SK888888888k!j

ST. LOUIS

MISSOURI

RHBI

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two , Four and Six- Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL.

CLKY RECORD

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHuLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

< '

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four-Mold Sizes

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

CLHY RECORD.

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

CLKY RECORD.

The Ternholtz Brick Pres*

Weighs SIXTEEN Tons, Built for Heavy Work

Holds Pressure oo Material Longer and Presses it Harder with Less Power than any other 'Dry Press

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Company

1446 Old Manchester Road, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use In
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross*Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - ST. LOUIS, MO.

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

E. M. FREESE £» COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

CLKY RECORD.

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION.

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

“Freese” Brick Machines

GALION

OHIO

GLHY RECORD.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & GO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by Potts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

HARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTA BLY
SECURED

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OIRING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

! Built to Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

Strong, Heavy Hachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, III.

VrJU»/n T i \ rv »—*<<

CLAY CRUSHERS* I

Do you know about Brewer Crusher Rolls with removable white=iron
shells? Our catalog describes them.

The Specifications Tell the Story

Here is a Conical Roll Crusher, the No. 21. It weighs 6000 pounds.
The rolls are 32 inches long, tapering from 22 to 18 in diameter, and have
removable white=iron shells. The gears are 5 % in. face. The journals are
12 in. long. The shafts are 4 in. diameter. No springs behind the rolls but
the crushing stress is taken by draw rods which will yield before the
safety of other parts is jeopardized.

Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications

li. Brewer Co.

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It’s Good

It’s Good

If Marked

CLHY RECORD.

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piec e of “ Blue
Sky.”

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Vol. XXXV. No. 8.

CHICAGO, OCTOBER 30, 1909 iTSucSjSS?’

“VALUE OF A BRICK-LAYING SCHOOL TO THE
BRICK MANUFACTURER.” * j j

By W. H. Heffelfinger, Director Brick Laying Depart¬
ment, Stout Institute, Menomonie, Wis.

Gentlemen: When Mr. Wilson first asked me to speak
on this subject, Value of Trade School to Brickmakers,
I wondered what I could say that would be of any benefit
to you, but on thinking over the subject I found a few
points, which in my estimation may be of benefit to you.
I will try to make them clear and let you draw your own
conclusions. I am going to divide my subject into four
parts. First, I am going to try to show that we can teach
bricklaying. Second, That we can teach it so as to make
a better class of bricklayers' and with more profit to them,
their employers, builders and brickmen. Third and most
interesting to you is value of such a school to brick-
makers. Fourth, how to go about helping yourselves in
this direction.

Under first part, I will tell you of our course at Stout
Institute, Menomonie, Wis., by starting right with a boy
who starts at beginning of the term and follow him
through each step of course.

The student begins by learning to slake lime and to mix
mortar. This is important, even though a bricklayer may
hardly ever mix mortar, it is necessary he should thor¬
oughly understand how to make it. The appearance and
stability of any brickwork depends much on the mortar
being well made, so it will dry out the same color, es¬
pecially in buttered work, also right proportions of sand
to use so mortar will not crack and crumble out. You
have no doubt often seen a building where the first or
second story was lighter or darker than the rest of the
building. Cause of this is in the mortar, not having the
same proportions of sand throughout. Whitewash caused
by salt in mortar.

Then he is taught how to handle a trowel, by spreading-
mortar on a four-inch wall. To become proficient in this
requires considerable practice, but in a day or so a stu¬
dent can handle a trowel deftly enough to start to lay
brick on a four-inch wall.

He is then put at building the simplest forms of brick¬
work, such as ordinary stretcher bond in four-inch walls,
and each succeeding exercise becoming more difficult.
The different exercises usually take three or four hun¬
dred brick. Exercise of segmental arch for instance is
nine-inch wall, six feet ten inches long, with a return of

♦Read at the 1909 Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association.

12%-inch, span of arch being three feet three inches, and
is about five feet high. The student takes up exercises in
about the following order: 4-inch wall consisting of
stretcher courses, 9-inch, 13-inch, 17-inch and lS^-inch
walls, Flemish and American bond, construction of
arches, segmental, semicircular, Gothic, elliptical, flat and
inverted of different span and depth, rowlock and bonded,
vaults, domes, pilasters, circular bay windows, octagonal
corners, setting window and door frames, chimneys from
foundations to topping out.

Student follows through this course of exercise in
spread work. Then he is taught to butter, which is a
part of the trade that a number of bricklayers do not
know much about, but it is a very necessary part of the
trade to know how to be able to do good work, and one
must know how to butter to work in the large cities.

The student follows practically the same course of ex¬
ercises in buttered work as in spread work, but he uses a
better grade of brick, as this is a much better class of
work.

Following this he is given exercise in laying press brick,
ornamental brick of different kinds, building fireplaces,
bake ovens, setting boilers, laying fire brick, bonding
walls with galvanized iron ties, especially face brick to
back wall and in veneered work, anchoring joists, bond¬
ing of block corners, retaining walls, buttresses, founda¬
tions on different kinds of soil, repointing walls, paving
sidewalks, streets and gutters. He is also taught how
to scaffold, how to clean brickwork, how to prepare col¬
ored mortar, how to test brick and numerous other things
pertaining to brickwork.

Throughout the whole course the student works from
drawings, drawn to scale, becoming thoroughly familiar
with taking off and laying out work from blue prints.

Besides this instruction in the shop, he takes mechani¬
cal drawing, arithmetic, accounting and business forms
and how to list off materials, such as brick, lime, sand,
cement, mortar color and other incidentals, from blue
prints.

We also have all the latest trade journals and such
reading matter as is of vast benefit to a mechanic in our
library so students can keep up to date and get a wider
range of the trade.

This is the course that we are teaching at Stout Insti¬
tute. The course is only one term of thirty-six weeks,
but we hope to extend it before long and graduate a more
finished mechanic.

We are giving our students just those things they need
to become bricklayers and trying to give it to them in the

CLKY RECORD.

best possible manner. At the present time we are doing
some experimenting so as to get an idea of what kind
of building will be needed to take care of a large number
of students in the best possible manner and expect to have
such a building soon.

Other information with cost of tuition can be found in
our catalogues which I will gladly send to any one who
will give me his address. Now I wonder how many here
will agree with me when I say: Anyone who follows this
course of instruction with a reasonable amount of earnest¬
ness and proper teaching can get out as a bricklayer and
with a year or so practical experience make a first-class
mechanic, one who can do all kinds of work, do it well,
demand good wages and get them.” This is no experi¬
ment. The trade school has been past that stage for sev¬
eral years. I believe the time is coming when all trades
will be learned in trade schools or in a school of similar
order. Bricklaying has been taught and is being taught
right along, but not by certain trade schools in Chicago,
New York and St. Louis. They are in the business sim¬
ply for the money they can get out of students. They
do not try to help the students get an education. I know
this to be a fact, having actual experience with them.
They get up all kinds of schemes to get a man s money ,
for instance, they advertise to teach bricklaying and
plumbing in less than three months, so graduates can
earn $5.00 a day. They rush students through, find him
a job with a man in league with them, who will keep a
boy a day or two and discharge him. What is the result?
Student does not know very much about the trade, his
money is gone and he has no means of redress. These are
the institutions that have done the trade school harm and
make it a hard proposition for those who are trying to
help the people.

Inquire into this matter and you will find I have stated
it very mildly, but Williamson School, Stout Institute
and others of the same kind are showing what can be
done in this line of work. You may ask why are there
not more of these trade schools if they are such a good
thing, but say, did you ever see any new invention or
idea that did not have to be fairly hammered into the
majority of people? A short time back people laughed
at wireless telegraphy, but only a few days ago it saved
over 1,600 lives. Same way with lots of other ideas and
inventions. The trade schools are not doing near as good
work as they are capable of doing, simply because too
many people are working against them. They are no
cheap institutions to run and they need to have the peo¬
ple work with them. When they do you will see results
that will satisfy the most critical. So much for teaching
bricklaying.

Second part. Teaching trade better than by old sys¬
tem. Take a young man 17 years old, going to work as
apprentice to bricklayer, probably he quit school at the
age of 15 or right after getting through grammar school,
his education being very limited. After quitting school
he knocked around at odd jobs till he started to learn
trade. We will say he starts in at $6.00 a week. He is
put at mixing mortar, carrying hod and doing odd jobs
which he does about half the time and when not doing-
such work he may lay brick. He is given a trowel and
put to work on rough walls or backing up. What he
learns he gets from watching others. No one takes time
to show him how. If he makes a mistake he is laughed
at or raked over the coals for it. He very likely does
nothing but lay salmon brick all the first year. Second
year he may do a little face work, but it depends much
on the man for whom he is working, how many men on
the job and size of it. He may also get a raise of $1 or $2
a week. Third year he may build a corner once in a great

while and do small amount of face work, and probabl)
another increase in wages, but at the end of that timt
what do we have? A man who cannot build a good
straight corner or hold up his end along the line on
stretcher work and cannot Hy press brick, does not know
anything about plans or estimating, but who is good on
rough work and if he is a smart fellow will blufit along
for several years making fairly good wages and in time
make a first-class man, but the majority stay at rough
work and never become able to do good work.

There is still two other things to consider. About half
the boys that start to learn the trade become disgusted
with carrying the hod and mixing mortar and quit. The
other is the fact, that most boys who learn the trade as
apprentices also learn the most of the bad habits as well
as the trade. This is a summing up of the apprentice as
he is taught today, not fifty years ago. It is just a condi¬
tion arising from our rapid development and we must get
something to counteract it (Trade Schools).

Now let us take a boy who enters a trade school under
same conditions, no more education or money. Suppose
he borrows the money ($300) to take course of instruc¬
tion. At the end of that time he has the theory and a
fair practical knowledge and knows how to take off ma¬
terials from plans and estimate cost thereof. We will
say he does not get full wages his first year, but he can
get $15 a week, which is about half wages and in another
year he can get full wages which ranges from $25.00 to
$35.00 a week, and at the end of two years he can have
paid back the amount borrowed and still have as much if
not more than the other man. Which man would you
rather hire or be? One not even a good bricklayer, the
other a good bricklayer understanding plans and how to
estimate, a better education in general and a little better
morally. Again I say which is the better man ?

Since it has been acknowledged that we can teach brick¬
laying and teach it with more profit to the boy than the
old way, I will try to show where it will be with more
profit to his employer, the builder and the brickman also
which brings us to third part value of trade school to
brickmen. Let us consider some of the things that hurt
the brickmaker’s business. First, poor bricklaying; sec¬
ond, scarcity of bricklayers which makes high-priced
labor; third, lack of holding up brick before the public
as the best building material. Nearly every contractor
who employs bricklayers is looking for men who can
throw them in, as they express it, but at the same time
they want the work done right. Why? Simply because
it means money to them to have it done right. It is very
easy for him to get men to lay rough walls, but men that
can do all kinds of work are scarce. Result is lot of
rough work. Again if you have ever been around build¬
ing operations very much, you have no doubt heard the
builder protesting against a man or apprentice who may
be working on face and doing poor work. That is one
reason apprentices do little face work. All these things
take up a contractor’s time and hurts his business. Now
if his men put up work that will please the builder he will
get a reputation for doing first-class work, which will
often get him a better price per thousand or get a con¬
tract when he is not the lowest bidder. This, is where a
good bricklayer benefits his employer. Again if brick¬
layers did first-class work all around more people would
build with a better grade of brick, which would mean
more money to the brickmaker, as there is more money
in making a good grade of brick than a poor grade. Is
there not?

Scarcity of bricklayers. This is one condition that
often hurts the brickmaker very much. We need more
bricklayers, that are first-class men. The increase in

CLHY RECORD.

number of bricklayers does not come near keeping pace
♦vith increase of population and business of this country
according to census report of 1890 there were 161,845
bricklayers, stone masons, tile setters and plasterers and
fn 1900 there was a decrease of 40 or just about the same
while the population of the United States has increased
over a million people a year. That is why there was such
a scarcity of bricklayers during the years of prosperity
from 1900 to 1907. Every one here I presume has felt
the effect of the scarcity of bricklayers during those
years. One man has I know, because in his answer to
Prof. E. R. Buckley’s letter last year as to what was most
needed by brickmakers he said : “More and better brick¬
layers, better start a school for them.” Again did you
ever notice how many bricklayers were past fifty years
of age? A builder at a St. Paul convention of builders
and educators_.said that 80 per cent of bricklayers were
over fifty years of age. Think what that means to you as
brickmakers. Let us look at one of the results of the
scarcity of bricklayers. Builders, who could not get
bricklayers, looked around for some other building ma¬
terial that could be handled with cheaper labor and labor
that was not so scarce. The result was he took up con¬
crete. I believe that very condition had more to do with
advancement of concrete than any other. Concrete has
come to be a menace to any one interested in brick, but
cheap labor is the only redeeming feature in it. The only
place where cheap labor can be used is where concrete
is built to forms, cement bricks and blocks take brick¬
layers to lay them and nine out of every ten would rather
lay clay brick. Labor is the chief argument, the concrete
men put forth. They have all kinds of theory but noth¬
ing practical. Even with cheap labor they have not
swamped brickmakers and never will, but they do have
people talking concrete. What we want is people to talk
brick. Here is where the bricklayer helps, because he
will talk brick. It ought not to take very much talking
to convince anyone but a concrete man that concrete is
not in a class with brick, except when it comes to filling
up holes under water or some rough work.

We all know a concrete building is not to be compared
to a brick one in looks. The most of The concrete build¬
ings look to me like imitations of some old dilapidated
stone building only not so beautiful. When they do get
one to look respectable the cost is away above brick.
Who is it that really decides of what material building
shall be built of? Is it not architects and contractors?
Architects in most large buildings and contractors in
small ones, so here is a necessity of having more brick
contractors who can put up a good argument for their
work.

Take a good live bricklayer and you will find he is try¬
ing to work up his business by doing good work, and put¬
ting advantages of building with brick before prospec¬
tive builders and each good piece of work he puts is a
standing ad. for him and the brickmaker.

Bricklayers’ unions are taking up the subject of fire¬
proof construction of brick especially in construction of
public buildings and are trying to show to the public
officers the advantages of such buildings and in many
other ways they are boosting brick.

This is the class of bricklayers we are trying to turn
out, men who will think and make the best of their trade
by continually boosting brick and its advantages. Now
let us sum up the reasons why a trade school of bricklay¬
ing will help the brickmakers.

First: Turn out a better class of bricklayers, men that
will satisfy the builder, thereby increasing the demand
for brick buildings and cause a call for more No. 1 brick.

Second : Increase number of bricklayers, which will

keep builders from looking for other material with which
they can use cheaper labor.

Third . Get more people talking brick, thereby creating
a greater demand. &

How To Go About It.

Advise boys when you have a chance to learn brick¬
laying at a trade school, talk trade school and its advan¬
tages over the old apprenticeship way, study up the
trade school proposition, their methods of procedure and
lesults, so you can talk intelligently about it, try to get
bricklaying in your manual training course in high
schools, as well as other trades and make them practical
let people know there is more science to bricklaying than
just “slinging mud.” After studying these conditions
and our course and you are satisfied Stout Institute is
doing a good work and that they can teach bricklaying
and other trades, put us in touch with those boys who
would like to learn a trade, so we can put our proposi¬
tion before them. We also have a department in plumb¬
ing, which has proven highly successful under director¬
ship of H. W. Jimerson, a practical plumber of 20 years’
experience.

\\ e extend a cordial invitation to you all to visit us
any time you may be in Menomonie.

A General Discussion.

Mr. A. W. Hilker: I move that the convention extend
to Mr. Heffelfinger a vote of thanks for his valuable paper.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

Mr. Richardson : I would like to know how this school
is maintained.

Mr. Heffelfinger: It is maintained at the present time
by Senator Stout, who runs the Stout Institute, and this
department is conducted as an auxiliary of that institute.
The charge for a course of training therein is $100.

Mr. Richardson : I would like to know whether the
graduates of that school have any difficulty in being ad¬
mitted to the bricklayers union.

Mr. Heffelfinger: I cannot give a definite answer to
that question, inasmuch as we have started the school
only last fall, but as far as getting into the union is con¬
cerned, I will say that it is only a question of whether
the graduate can do the work or not. If he can do the
work they want him ; if he cannot he does not get in. It
is better for them to have him in the union, if he is com¬
petent, than to have him on the outside.

Mr. W. J. Craney: The question here arises as to the
conflict between the brickmakers and bricklayers’ union.
As we all know, it is the well-established dictum of the
bricklayers’ union to allow a contractor but one appren¬
tice, and the contractor is compelled to keep such an ap¬
prentice for three years. Statistics show that there is one
and one-half bricklayers dying to one and one-half brick¬
layers learning the trade, so that as it has been stated,
the supply of bricklayers is being diminished, while the
demand is increasing. Now it strikes me that if we ad¬
vocate more bricklayers in our business the present brick¬
layers will retaliate by doing everything in their power
to hurt our business. I feel convinced that if I in my
local community should have it advertised that I advo¬
cated sending boys to this school every bricklayer in my
town would refuse to lay my brick, and yet we can read¬
ily see how we would be benefited by such a school.

Mr. Heffelfinger: They must have brick or they can¬
not follow their trade. If you stand by this trade school
I am sure that they would soon come to time, even though
they should refuse to lay your brick for a while.

President Kennedy: I am afraid that Mr. Craney sees
a little too dark. I will say that in our high school the
subject of manual training came up recently and the sub-

CLHV RECORD.

ject of teaching the boys carpenter work and cabinet mak¬
ing was brought up. T suggested the idea of bricklaying
and it was something new. When we had our conven¬
tion at Menomonie, Wis., I told them at the banquet that
night that apparently they taught everything at that in¬
stitute but bricklaying, and that I saw no reason why
they could not teach that as well as the other trades.
You can see for yourself the fruit that my suggestion has
brought. In our school this year they added to their
studies domestic science, and I suggested there that they
ought to add bricklaying. There was a man on the floor
immediately after I spoke who wanted to know where
bricklaying was being taught in any school. I told him
that such an institution was being maintained at Menom¬
onie, and my remarks precipitated a general discussion in
the school meeting. It pleased me very much to see one
of our leading masons, a man who has been a bricklayer
and a contractor for years, speak of the suggestion with-
enthusiastic favor. Among other things he said that
nothing better could be done for the general good of the
brickmaker, as well as the contractor- He said that the
great obstacle today was that our bricklayers were gen¬
erally older men, and that the younger men did not take
kindly to learning this trade under present conditions,
because they had to spend three years of valuable time
in mixing mortar, carrying the hod, and rushing the beer
pail. And that it was pretty hard work, and it was not
surprising that the boys became disgusted. I think that
if the idea was advocated in our own school districts it
would be a simple matter to so mould public opinion as
to favor the addition of bricklaying to the high school
curriculum. As a starter, the man making the brick in
the town could offer to furnish the brick at a small price
in order to encourage the new department, and even if he
should contribute towards the expense of a teacher for
the first year, it would pay him well. He might be able
to induce some brickmaker to go there during the slack
part of the year in order to help bear the expense. I do
not think the bricklayers would look with disfavor upon
a boy who got his education there. In a great many cases
today the apprentice does not develop into a competent
man at all. He is a bricklayer and nothing more. He is
not able to figure plans, nor is he able to estimate from
blue prints. These matters would all be taught in the
schools and would serve to uplift and better the condi¬
tions of that class.

Mr. Richardson : I feel that I have been talking too
much already, but you have brought before you a sub¬
ject which it seems to me will bear any amount of dis¬
cussion, and upon which you can spend profitably any
amount of time. It is a subject which is going to come
before you a great many times in future years, and it is
a subject upon which I think you should take some ac¬
tion at this time. The question is : Are you going to sup¬
port this bricklaying school or not? Or are you going to
say, as one gentleman did: “I dare not advise young
men to go to the school, because if I do the bricklayers
of my town will not lay my brick.’ And is not that today
the position of the brickmakers practically throughout
the country? This fact was realized in the National Con¬
vention two or three years ago when some fifty or sixty
scholarships were subscribed for by the National Brick
Manufacturers’ Association. That was the least they
felt they could do. They were in somewhat of the same
position that this man is. At home, among their brick¬
layers, they had to be careful, and yet they were all suf¬
fering, as you have been, for the lack of bricklayers. I
wish you could have been present at the Rochester Con¬
vention of National Brick Manufacturers’ Association
last week, and have heard the speech by Mr. Williams,
who is the president of the Builders’ Exchange in Scran¬

ton, Pa.— which was not scheduled on the programme,.
He came to that meeting voluntarily, at his own expense,
to say a few words to the brickmakers about the different
trades unions and brickmakers’ unions hurting the brick¬
makers’ business. After lie had spoken for 10 or 15 min¬
utes, he looked at his watch, and he was about to stop,
but he had so interested that body of brickmakers that
one of the old warhorses of the brickmakers association
got up and moved that Mr. Williams be allowed to finish
his talk, “if it took all evening,” and I wish you could
have heard that man continue for an hour on that subject.
You will have to wake up to this important. subject some
day, and the sooner you begin the better it will be for
you. The bricklayers’ unions are in truth the organiza¬
tions who are retarding your progress. I do not speak
of the bricklayers’ unions with disparagement, for I will
give my sympathy to any movement which will pay 3.n
honest man an honest wage for an honest labor. But
when the bricklayers arbitrarily limit the number of ap¬
prentices to a figure so that we cannot get men enough
to follow the vocation, and when they by their arbitrary
action boycott any brickmaker who may transgress upon
their dictates — then it is time for the brickmakers to take
a united action to relieve the situation.

Mr. Hilker : I do not believe that you need to be afraid
of having any troubles with the bricklayers’ union. They
tried one of their bluffs on me a while ago in my home
town. I am interested in a shoe factory there, and we
were putting up a new building. Their walking delegate
came to our secretary and he said : “I want you to un¬
derstand that you have got to give the union contractors
a chance to figure on this building.” “Why, certainly,”
said our secretary, “send them around and we will be
glad to let them figure.” He promised that he would. We
waited three weeks, and no one came. The secretary
then asked me: “What shall we do about it?” I said:
“Open your bids and go ahead.” He said: “We will run
up against that union.” I said : “I will take my chances.”
We opened the bids, and the contract was awarded to a
non-union contractor. There was another man inter¬
ested in the shoe factory with me. They sent a commit¬
tee to him, and he is a very friendly man, and he tried
to smooth the matter over by taking that committee out
until they didn’t know what they were doing. They-
finally said : “I guess we will let Mr. Fox go, he is a
good fellow.” Then they waited for me. I avoided them
for twenty-four hours, until they finally ran me down.
When they approached me they said : "We have got
your brick boycotted.”. I asked them, “Did you agree
upon that in your meeting?” And they said, “Yes,” and
I said, “Did you keep any minutes of that meeting?”
And they said, “Oh, no, we didn’t make any minutes.” . I
said, “You didn’t dare do that, did you? Now,” I said,
“I will give you until tomorrow morning, 8 o’clock, and
if I do not hear from you by that time I will teach you
some things that will make you sorry for what you have-
done.”’ A 7 o’clock the next morning my telephone was
ringing until I thought it would not stop, and when I
answered it, they told me that the boycott had been called
off. That is as far as the union goes. In my opinion they
have seen their best days, and they are on the downward
path.

Mr. Marion W. Blair : It seems to me that you are
losing sight of one important feature in regard to the
trade-school question. The present bricklayer, the aver¬
age bricklayer -today is an unedcuated man, not only in
his own trade, but in any other way that you may look at
it. Where you today have one intelligent man on the
wall who can read specifications and understand plans,,
and who can trace a line to the corner so that you can
leave the job for 10 or 15 minutes and trust that work to

be done properly, you have ten men on the job that you
cannot trust while you turn your back. This will work
itself out as you educate the bricklayers and give them
a good education and raise the scale of intelligence of
the mechanic. Then he will not want to belong to a
union and he will be progressive, and it will be his am¬
bition to do the best work and it will not be his ambition
because some less competent fellow only lays 800 brick
in a day to retard his work in order that the other fellow
may hold his job because they both 'belong to a union.
One man depends upon another, and his pay depends
upon another, and he won’t stand for a slow man in that
place. That will be the result, if you foster the brick¬
layers’ school, it will raise the standard of intelligence
among bricklayers, and they will all come to do better
work, and the union will gradually lose control over that
class of men.

President Kennedy: I do not wish to be understood as
saying a word against the union, for I think that a union
properly handled is a good thing and a very necessary
thing for themselves. Before we had unions, as Mr. Vogt
has said, and I recall the time very well when the men
received prices for laying their brick which did not per-
mit.of a competence, until it came down to $2 a thousand.
Now it costs about $13 a thousand, and that means more
for laying the brick than the brick costs. I do not believe
that the bricklayer will object and say that you are unfair
by encouraging the young men to learn that trade, and I
feel convinced that they will not keep him out of the
union, but on the contrary, will be glad to have him in the
union, for they want intelligent men that know their
business. It is a well-known fact that contractors today
have not apprentices enough to keep up with the demand,
and I know from personal experience that a good many
times during the summer letters and telephone messages
reach us: “Where can we get bricklayers?” The season
is short for laying brick, and they cannot get enough men
to lay the brick for them in that time. That is one rea¬
son why the cement man today has got us on the run.
The builder cannot get the brick laid, consequently they
have to turn to something else.

Secretary Wilson: I just want to say, for the benefit
of the members of the association, that the company
whom I have the pleasure of representing recognizes the
value of an institution of this kind to ourselves — and I
believe that we all will appreciate it. It is working along
the right line to give us more mechanics that will help
to get our bricks into the wall, a good deal easier than it
has been during the last few years, and we are encourag¬
ing that department of this institution just as far as it is
possible for us to do. We have a few bricklayers in our
town, and it is none of their business and none of their
afifairs whether we are or not assisting this institution.
Of course, we are not going out publicly and telling them
what we are doing. We are simply attending to our own
business and encouraging this institution in every way
possible, and I think this is an opportunity for every one
of us to do some good. We do not necessarily need to
get a brass band to go up and down the street and tell
every bricklayer in the town where we are located that
we are doing this, but do it in our own way, and I am
sure it will work itself out to our mutual advantage and
for the advantage of all the brick manufacturers in the
state.

Mr. L. T. Crabtree. There is a homely old saying that
is always true, that it is poor practice to cross a bridge
until you come to it. Now looking at it from the stand¬
point of the brick manufacturer, it seems to me that Mr.
Pleffelfinger’s paper is one of the most valuable we have
had here today. It opens a line of work that is very

necessary in the brick business in order that it may pros¬
per. As has been stated before, one of the reasons why
the cement business has prospered is the scarcity of brick¬
layers, and especially is that true of the smaller towns in
the state. I have recently read a paper wherein statistics
showed that 80 per cent of all the bricklayers are past the
age of fifty. That means that they are dying faster than
they are learning, otherwise there would not be that dis¬
crepancy. We have all noticed this fact, that in any place
where there is any large building to be erected in a small
town, the contractors are obliged to send away to a larger
city in order to get bricklayers. I know of an instance
in a small town only recently, where the contractors were
obliged to send to Milwaukee in order to get a sufficient
number of just ordinary bricklayers, not skilled men, and
therefore, if there is anything that we as an association
can do to assist this enterprise at Menomonie, I think we
should do it, and I think it is perfectly safe for us to go
ahead and do what we can and not attempt to cross the
bridge until we come to it. I do not apprehend any
trouble. The unions recognize the value of trade-schools,
at least I notice that they do not take exception to trade-
schools, and I know of some cases in which unions have
endorsed trade-schools/ I remember of reading of one
union in a large city recently officially endorsing the
trade-school for that trade. I think if there is anything
that we can do to assist our people and young men in our
different localities in attending this trade-school, or in¬
ducing them to go there, that we need not apprehend any
trouble from the unions. Their tendency is not in that
direction any more.

Prof. Weidman: In order that there may be some in¬
telligent and concerted action had upon this important
subject I move that the Committee on Resolutions be in¬
structed to bring in a resolution and proper recognition
of the work being done by the Stout Institute at Menom¬
onie.

Motion seconded and unanimously carried.

FUEL TESTS OF ILLINOIS COALS.

“Fuel Tests with Illinois Coal,” issued as Circular No.
3 of the Engineering Experiment Station of the Univer¬
sity of Illinois, presents the results of an elaborate series
of tests conducted at the fuel testing plant of the United
States Geological Survey. The circular is compiled by
L. P. Breckenridge and Paul Diserens. It deals only
with coals taken from mines within the State of Illinois.
The investigations described include steaming tests under
boilers, gas producer tests, washing tests, coking tests,
briquetting tests and tests to determine composition and
heating value. From the results stated it appears (1)
that the average calorific value of Illinois coal (ash and
moisture free) is 14319 B. t. u. ; (2) that its evaporative
efficiency is but slightly affected by the moisture it con¬
tains ; (3) that its evaporative efficiency decreases as the
ash and sluphur content increases, and that when burned
in a hand-fired furnace its evaporative efficiency decreases
as the amount of fine coal contained in it increases ; (4)
the performance of Illinois coal in a gas producer com¬
pares favorably with that of any other bituminous coal
tested at the U. S. G. S. laboratory. (5) one-fourth of all
the samples tested may be used for the manufacture of
coke; (6) briquetting improves the evaporative efficiency
of Illinois coals only when the raw coal is in the form of
slack or screenings.

Copies of Circular No. 3 may be obtained gratis upon
application to W. F. M. Goss, Director of Engineering
Experiment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.

CLAY RECOFtu.

NEW STATE LAW MAKES IT NECESSARY FOR
ALL EMPLOYERS TO LOOK AFTER
SAFETY OF EMPLOYES.

Copies of the new state law providing for the health,
safety and comfort of employes in factories, mercantile
establishments, mills and workshops in Illinois have been
received by many manufacturers. This law will go into
effect with the beginning of the new year and the state
department is sending out the copies of the law in order
that all may become posted on it before the time it is
effective. Edgar T. Davies, chief factory inspector, sends
out copies of the law and. with these he sends a circular
letter, one of the paragraphs of which reads as follows:

“A careful reading of the provisions of the law will, I
think, clearly indicate that the law is intended not only as
a safeguard for the employe, but that a strict compli¬
ance of the law will be of substantial benefit to the em¬
ployer. Ample time is allowed before it goes into effect
for owners of establishments to rearrange their plants
or establishments wherever necessary, and with the co¬
operation of factory owners in making the provisions of
the law known to their employes, in the meantime the
transition from the present to the required changed, con¬
ditions may, to a considerable extent be accomplished
by January 1, 1910, the date on which the law becomes
effective.”

The provisions of the law applying to factories, mer¬
cantile establishments, mills and workshops are, in brief,

as follows: , *

All machinery when in operation is dangerous, and
should be considered so by the operator. It should be
so protected as to offer the least possible chance for in¬
jury to those who operate it.

All set screws or other projections on revolving ma¬
chinery shall be countersunk, or otherwise guarded when

possible. . .

Means shall be provided and placed within conven¬
ient reach for promptly stopping any machine, group of
machines, shafting or other power transmitting ma¬
chinery.

Machines must not be placed so closely together as to
be a menace to those who have to pass between them.
Passageways must be of ample width and head room and
must be kept well lighted and free from obstructions.

All hatchways, elevator walls or other openings in the
floors shall be properly closed or guarded.

All premises must be kept clean and in a sanitary con¬

dition. .

Ample and separate toilet facilities for each sex shall
be provided, and toilet rooms must be kept clean and well
ventilated, also well lighted.

Food must not be taken into any workroom where
white lead, arsenic or other poisonous substances or gases
are present under harmful conditions.

Proper and sufficient means or escape, in case of fire,
shall be provided, and shall be kept free from obstruc-

tions. . .

Poisonous and noxious fumes or gases, and dust in¬
jurious to health, arising from any process, shall be re¬
moved as far as practicable.

No employe of any factory, mercantile establishment,
mill or workshop shall operate or tamper with any ma¬
chine or appliance with which such employe is not familiar
and which is in no way connected with the regular and
reasonable necessary duties of his employment, unless it
be by and with direct and reasonably implied commanad,
request, or direction of the master or representative or
agent.

Reports of accidents causing the loss of fifteen or more
days consecutive time must be sent to the state factory
inspector between the 15th and 25th of each month and
immediate notice of the death of any employe resulting
from an accident or injuries must be sent to the same
office.

The above synopsis will be printed on card board and
the type used will be such as to make it easily legible.
It will be printed in English and such other languages
as may be necessary to make it intelligible to employes.
These notices must be kept posted in a conspicuous place
in every office and workroom in every establishment cov¬
ered by the provision of this act.

DEATH OF L. H. MARTIN.

The announcement of the death of L. H. Martin, an
esteemed citizen of Dwight, Ill., was received with sad¬
ness by all the people of Dwight and vicinity and by his
many friends. He will be greatly missed by all who knew
him because of his honorable dealings and his value as
a friend.

Mr. Martin went to Dwight in 1884 and purchased the
Dwight tile works, which was a small plant at that time,
but by energy and fair dealings he worked it up so that
now it is a model one. He was a city alderman and a
member of the board of education for some time and a
prominent member of the K. P. lodge of Dwight.

Mr. Martin was a prominent member of the Illinois
Clay Manufacturers’ Association, joining that organiza¬
tion in 1893, and missing only three or four meetings
from that date. He induced others to join and in later
years was accompanied by his sons, both of whom now
succeed him in the business.

Mr. Martin was born in Fayette Co., Pa., on a farm,
November 27, 1846, and died October 15, 1909, at the age
of 62 years. He is survived by a widow and four children.

Death comes to all, in field or hall,

Eternal in its sway.

And high and low, both friend and foe

Shall sink to silent clay.

- - ♦ - -

MASON CITY TILE MAKERS TOO BUSY TO

MAKE BRICK.

The brick and tile factories of Mason City, Iowa, have
a daily capacity of over 1,000,000 brick, but work has
been halted on the new Elks block here because no brick
could be secured at any of the eight big local plants.
All are so busy making tile that they refuse to manufac¬
ture brick, which they sell at less profit. Consequently
brick for the Elks’ block had to be ordered from Chicago.

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICITY AS A MOTIVE
POWER IN THE BRICK BUSINESS.*

By C. G. Guignard, Columbia, S. C.

It is almost invariably the case that when an industry
is started the managers or founders select methods, equip¬
ment, and entire outfit, with the view of economy in cost
of product.

But few, if any, manufacturers adopt a particular
method, or special apparatus, in their factories from mere
fancy, but because they think that their particular selec¬
tions are most suitable for the most economical produc¬
tion of their wares, although it is often hard to convince
all of the advocates of other methods that we are getting
the very best.

Particularly with the brickmaker is it necessary for him
to look to the most economical systems, though, sad to
relate, many of us miss the mark very far at times. But
almost always local circumstances or conditions govern
us, sometimes against our best judgment, in these mat¬
ters. As but few of the brickmaking plants of today have
been started as a complete whole, their owners or mana¬
gers have not had to consider at the outset as to whether
they would adopt this or that particular equipment
throughout the plants, but have added to their plants from
time to time as necessity required it, usually in an un¬
systematic way, until they find themselves with a more
or less adequate plant, succeeding to a degree in accom¬
plishing its purpose. But nearly always those who have
reared such plants would like today to tear down and re¬
build the whole outfit, adopting, in some instances, en¬
tirely different apparatus or methods from those they
have been using.

We are of this class, and, having had no experience with
a plant fully equipped with electric power, are somewhat
at a loss as to just how the subject in hand should be
treated. However, from a limited experience and a little
thought on the subject, we will offer a few thoughts for
consideration by those interested.

The general question of using electric power on a brick
plant involves other questions. As the successful opera¬
tion of each part of a well equipped plant depends upon
the successful operation of another part, the question of
adopting a motive power is also dependent upon the adop¬
tion of other methods.

First of all, the advantages of the use of electricity on a
brick yard will depend upon the availability and cost of
current, for we do not think it would be good judgment
to use electric power at a much higher cost than steam,
nor would it appear wise to use steam or gas to generate
a current for distribution to individual motors about a
plant, for generally a plant can be so arranged that the
power from a few engines, located not too far from the
boilers, will be quite sufficient, and the exhaust from
steam engines could be used for drying. Thus in select¬
ing a power drying would have to be considered.

To go backward a little, the accepted most economical
way of burning is the continuous kiln, and a model plant
should use it, and the ideal continuous kiln utilizes to ad¬
vantage within itself all of the heat that should be gen¬
erated there. Therefore, there is no waste heat from this
source that might be used for drying. Then drying must
be done either by direct firing or from radiated steam
heat. Provided more of the heat units from fuel can be
utilized through a directly fired dryer than from radiated
steam, we think it would be better to use motor power
for making and handling rather than steam engines, the
electric power being so much more pliable.

The two general methods of drying, by radiated steam

*A paper read before the Twenty-third Annual Convention of the Natienal
Brick Manufacturers’ Association. Rochester, N. Y., February 1-6, 1909.

heat and direct heat, each have their advantages, which
can be better presented by some of our distinguished
friends here at this gathering.

It would seem that if a constant electric current can be
had at reasonable figures that there are many points in
favor of its use. With a constant current ever waiting at
the switch, much time and annoyance may be saved.

The method of application, whether to use individual
motors for different machines, or drive them all from one
common line shaft driven by a larger motor, would be de¬
termined by local conditions, but we prefer the individual
motor plan, though the first cost of this might be a little
higher. A machine for making brick or preparing clay,
with a motor attached, is, we think, most desirable. It is
very nice to have only to throw in the switch to make
things go. The motor requires less attention, deteriorates
less, requires less oil, than does other machinery. Each
machine may be equipped with its own motor, enabling
it to be started and stopped independently. Wiring does
not cost a great deal and can be run in close places, around
any corner, under ground or overhead, with little loss in
transmitting the current. Motors may be set at any an¬
gle, on floor, ceiling or wall, and occupy little space. Small
motors with cable connecting to wire line can be placed
on portable elevators or conveyors and carried to differ¬
ent points for loading and unloading kilns or cars. If it
is more convenient to locate a fan or blower at some re¬
mote place in the building, wire will carry the current far
or near. In connection with mechanical apparatus for
handling brick from machine to dryer and dryer to kiln,
such as some patented systems, the electric motor for
handling cranes is indispensable. A motor-driven transfer
for handling small brick cars to and from the kilns is not
impracticable. Small motor fans for ventilation in hot
kilns in summertime are found very useful. In hauling
clay from pit to plant, where any distance is to be covered,
there is nothing better than the ever ready trolley system.
This may be installed heavy enough for shifting cars
loaded for shipping. In operating a shovel for digging
clay the motor shovel is far better than steam. Having
a constant current, the shovel is always ready to start;
no frozen pipe in cold weather; no waiting to get up
steam ; motor occupies much less space than engine and
boiler; there is less upkeep; no water and coal to be
hauled to shovel, and fireman’s services are dispensed
with. No expense is incurred in keeping the fire going
between trips or over noon hour. In other words, there
is no cost except while actually working. . This is the
same with all motor installations.

The use of electric current for lighting the plant is, of
course, far better than any other system, as well as being
much safer. The portable lights on long cords are most
convenient about dark kilns or sheds in setting and un¬
loading.

However desirable is a model plant fully equipped with
electric power, it should not be thought that its partial
use on a plant has no advantages. In many of the details
of operation, some of which were mentioned above, one
might adopt the electric drive, and reap the benefits there¬
from, even though he were not able to equip his whole
plant electrically.

As stated above, the plant with which we are connected
was not designed for an electrically equipped one. How¬
ever, in the last few years we have installed several mo¬
tors, which we find very satisfactory. A motor for driv¬
ing one brick machine, disintegrator and elevator, two
motor-driven exhaust fans, motor-driven triplex pump for
supply water for plant and fire protection, small fan mo¬
tors for ventilation in summer, lights throughout the plant
and a motor-driven shovel in clay pit. We have not been

able to make all changes that we have wanted, but would
like to put in additional electric equipment along other
lines when conditions will permit.

SAYS AMERICAN POTTERS WANT ONLY THEIR

RIGHTS.

William Burgess, vice-president of the United States
Potters’ Association, whose presence at a recent hearing
of the protest case of L. Straus & Sons, before the board
of appraisers, was considered objectionable by the im¬
porters, was asked to define his position. Mr. Burgess
said :

“The position of the American pottery manufacturers
has been so often misrepresented that I welcome this op¬
portunity of stating emphatically that we have no quar¬
rel with any merchant or importer doing an honest and
legitimate business, or any purpose of hampering or
harassing them in the conduct of such business.

“Our sole and only object is to use every legitimate
means of securing the full protection Congress intended
we should have under the existing tariff laws. To this
end, we offer such information and assistance to the cus¬
toms officials as we can. We have always found such
assistance welcomed by the officials. Now as to my pres¬
ence at the so-called ‘open hearing’ in the Straus case I
wish to say that this hearing was an ‘open hearing’ at the
request of the importers.

“I felt that I had a perfect right to attend this hearing,
as I was deeply interested, and in fact I felt that it was
my duty to attend the hearing as a representative of the
American pottery manufacturing interests. In this con¬
nection I may say that to begin with we were opposed
to ‘open hearings’ for the following reasons, in part:

“First, in many cases the best, and only testimony
available is that of importers of similar goods. These im¬
porters are naturally reluctant about giving testimony
before their fellow importers and cases are known where
such witnesses felt it necessary to apologize to their im¬
porter for fear that their source of supply would be
stopped.

“Secondly, because much of the information secured by
the government representatives abroad and at home, is
given in confidence, and in certain cases, where the source
of the information has been discovered by the importer or
the foreign manufacturer, great injury has been the result
to the informant.”

Mr. Burgess’ third point was that the treatment ac¬
corded government witnesses by the attorneys for the
importers has been, in some cases, so abusive as to make
it impossible to secure the attendance of such persons
more than once.

. He went on to say that open hearings before the board
of general appraisers were demanded by the importers in
1907, for the express purpose of knowing all the testimony
in the hands of the government. Mr. Burgess stated that
although the association protested against these open
hearings, they were granted. “Now we claim,” said Mr.
Burgess, “that the hearings being ‘open,’ we, as deeply
interested parties in the administration of the customs
laws, have a right to hear the testimony that will so
vitally affect this great American industry.”

In conclusion, Vice-President Burgess said: “The
attitude of the importing house seems to be preposterous.
It having demanded and secured an open hearing, now
attempts to dictate to the board of general appraisers
who shall attend that open hearing. The importers seem
to think that they have the right to say just how far an
open hearing will be ‘open,’ if hearings before the board
are to be open, then let them be ‘open.’ If closed let them
be ‘closed,’ but let there be no uncertainty.”

A NEW COMBINATION PUMP EQUIPMENT.

Clay manufacturers and constructors, generally, are
familiar with the diaphragm pump and with the gasoline
engine, but a portable combination of the two is some¬
thing new. «

This type of pump is constructed for handling dirty
water and heavy liquids that would prove disastrous to
centrifugal and plunger types.

The outfit is compact and portable. It is mounted, as
shown in the illustration, upon a substantial wooden base
frame. The combination has been put upon the market
by Fuller & Johnson Manufacturing company, Madison,
Wis., which manufactures the engines and buys the
pumps from a firm which makes a specialty of them.

The engine will exert a pull or lift of 1,000 pounds on
the lever at each stroke, giving a wide margin of surplus
power, and runs at from 31 to 35 strokes per minute.

The pump is heavy, strong, durable and simple in con¬
struction. It has a diaphragm of rubber, which can be
readily replaced when worn. The suction valve is rubber¬
faced, properly weighted, with brass binder, and readily
accessible. Pumps are supplied either with bottom or
side suction, 3-inch in either case, and can be used with
either pipe or suction hose. The capacity is approxi¬
mately 3,500 gallons per

Diaphragm Bilge Pump Outfit

As to the cost of operating them, ...c. company states
that the only expense or attention required is the neces¬
sary gasoline and lubricating oil. It says that 10 hours
will consume approximately two quarts of gasoline, cost¬
ing not to exceed 15 cents. A good point about the in¬
stallation is that it is always there, be it for day shift,
night shift or overtime, without any extra expense.

Based upon the statements of the company, this ex¬
pense stands, in striking contrast to the employment of
men at $2.00 per day who are not always to be depended
upon to be there or continue steadily at their work. The
argument against the price of $110.00 for a complete out¬
fit is quickly met by the saving in labor if any amount of
pumping is to be done. A pump of this character should
prove a valuable asset to the man who makes a business
of renting out contractors’ equipment or to clay manu¬
facturers who often have to pump out their clay pits.

Other pumping outfits are made by this well known
concern as will be seen by their latest catalogue.

SOME MISCREANT GETS IN WORK AT BRICK
PLANT IN ZANESVILLE.

Some unknown miscreant placed a charge of dynamite
under the piston rod of the engine at the South Zanes¬
ville Sewer Pipe and Brick Company’s plant, at Zanes¬
ville, Ohio, and partially wrecked the mechanism of the
engine. John C. Bolen, owner of the plant, has offered
a reward of $100 for the arrest and conviction of the
guilty party.

The engine has been repaired and is now being oper¬
ated. The matter has been referred to the police.

CLKY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

Notwithstanding the fact that building contracts last
month suffered a slight falling off in volume the demand
for brick has kept up very well and brickmakers are now
disposing of as much of this building material as has
been the case in the past few months. In fact the de¬
mand may be said to be on the increase for there is a
hurry call to get as many structures ready for occupancy
manufacturing business, and the chief owner of the new
Bricklayers are well employed and the winter season
promises to be much more active than has been the case
in the past two years. Within the next year the tempor¬
ary wooden buildings that were erected within the fire
limits in the days following the great fire, for store and
storage purposes, must be removed and the work of tear¬
ing them down has already commenced. As wooden
buildings are not allowed to be erected in these districts
brick is the material most sought and the prospects are
for a steady market for this article for a long time to
come. However it /is to be noted that while the demand
is expected to be good that stocks at the various yards
are being kept far in advance of requirements, or ex¬
pected requirements, and that as far as prices are con¬
cerned there is but little likelihood of material advance
being made from the present low quotations. While
some of the large firms in the business are maintaining
the prices that have been in vogue for the summer sea¬
son it is to be noted that many of the smaller dealers are
now cutting the price again and brick is being sold in
the local market for less than the cost of production. In
closing down their plants for the winter the smaller con¬
cerns seem anxious to get rid of all surplus stock in a
hurry and are selling for whatever prices buyers are will¬
ing to give. The larger dealers are not handling the bulk
of the business at the present moment but expect that
within a short time the rate cutting will be over for the
season. They realize the foolishness of selling their
products at less than cost and when these conditions of
the market come to the front merely cease disposing of
goods for the time being. Brick is being sold in San
Francisco at the present time for $6.25 on the water
front, which price is admittedly below cost.

There will be but little work done in San Francisco
this week for this is Portola Week and for five days the
carnival spirit will be ruling. An overwhelming crowd,
estimated at a half a million visitors, is now within the
city’s gates to celebrate the discovery of the Golden Gate
by Don Gaspar Portola, but the real joy in the occasion
lies in that it is an official welcome on the part of the
city to the world on her recovery from the effects of the
great fire and the re-establishment of business in the
downtown districts again. While brick men will reap no
immediate benefits from the holding of the celebration it
is felt that anything that can attract attention to San
Francisco and her possibilities will benefit them in the
end and it is to be noted that brick manufacturers have
been among the most generous of the contributors to
the Portola fund. It is a source of great satisfaction to
them to hear the admiration of the crowd expressed at
the magnificent buildings that now grace the city and
there is no doubt but that the changed opinions in regard
to actual conditions here will be of great benefit to San
Francisco.

The California Brick Company has been working stead¬
ily on the development of its holdings near Niles, Cal.,
and is just now completing the erection of a large coal
burning continuous kiln. This plant will be ready for
operations on a large scale by the first of the year and

already has some large orders for its products v>u hand,
the product of the plant being a very superior one.

The plant of the Monterey Pressed Brick Company of
Monterey, Cal., is not in operation now and will not be
reopened until a permanent site elsewhere is selected.
A representative of the company has been looking over
the ground at Sacramento, and a site is being negotiated
for on the water front there where sand from the Ameri¬
can river is easily secured and where water transporta¬
tion is handy.

The brick trade of this city was greatly shocked recent¬
ly to learn that T. W. Tetley, a prominent man in the
brick and terra cotta works at Livermore, Cal., had com¬
mitted suicide. The unfortunate man had been in ex¬
tremely ill health for some time with but little prospect
of recovering and preferred death to the life of an invalid.

Mr. Edward Orton, state geologist of Ohio, and a well
known ceramic expert, has been visiting in California and
has spent considerable time in San Francisco and vicinity.
While here he paid a visit to the extensive works of
Gladding, McBean & Co., at Lincoln, Cal., and was much
impressed with the possibilities of that district. While
there he was entertained by L. P. Singer, who is con¬
nected with the terra cotta works of Gladding, McBean
& Co., Mr. Singer being an old friend of his.

Work on the new sewer system at Elmhurst, Cal., has
been stopped owing to a technical mistake in the map of
that city and the legality of the bond issue will have to
be tested before construction work can be resumed. It
is not believed that the mistake will invalidate the bonds
and the contractors are expecting to be ordered to go
ahead with the work shortly. N. Clark & Son have con¬
tracts for furnishing a large amount of the sewer pipe
that will be used in this sanitary district.

While investigating a sulphur mine in the vicinity of
Mount Lassen the mining experts discovered a bed of
very fine pottery clay and in the advent of a railroad
being built to the sulphur deposits the clay deposits will
also be worked.

A plant for the manufacture of tile is being erected at
Colfax, Wash., by J. Fowler, who was formerly in the
business at Fowler, Ind.

The Western Glazed Cement Pipe & Machinery Co.
has been incorporated in San Francisco with a capital .
stock of $30,000 by W. A. Curless, R. F. Shuey, D. H.
Jarvis, C. H. Pusehmann and H. B. Hoyt.

The Patent Brick Company, of San Francisco, is not
operating its plant at the present time owing to the low
price of brick and has sufficient brick on hand to last
until the spring season commences.

The Tucson Pressed Brick Company, of Tucson, Ariz.,
has been quite busy of late and the plant has been run¬
ning on full time. Several large lots of brick have been
disposed of in Phoenix, Ariz., and it is intended to estab¬
lish a branch office there to care for the business of that
city.

- -

BUY BRICK FOR PACKING PLANT.

The Cleveland Brick Company of Cleveland. Okla.,
which is owned by Oklahoma City men, has closed a con¬
tract with the Morris & Company packers, to furnish
8,000,000 brick for the packers’ big $3,000,000 plant. The
company’s various concrete tools have been shipped from
Chicago and will be in the hands of A. T. Agnew, con¬
struction engineer, in a few days. Sidney L. Brock, pres¬
ident of the chamber of commerce, received a letter from
Thomas E. Wilson, the vice-president of the Morris &
Company packers, saying that there was no cause for
further delay in the construction of the packing plant
and work will proceed at once.

CLAY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

927,869. Tile. Joseph R. Miller, Morgantown, and Ulys¬
ses S. Huggins, Weston, W. Va. ; Margaret M. Miller ad¬
ministratrix of said Joseph R. Miller, deceased. Filed Aug.
29, 1907. Serial No. 390,673.

A tile comprising a rectangular body of equal thickness
throughout its entire area and having its inner face provided
with a plurality of key projections extending longitudinally
thereof fully from end to end, each of the key projections
having opposing concave and convex faces, the convex faces
being longer than the concave faces and all of the projec¬

tions being reduced gradually from a maximum base forma¬
tion to the free ends to form sharp edges or beaks which
overhang the several pockets provided between the projec¬
tions, the portions of the free ends of the key projections
immediately in advance of the sharp edges presenting con¬
vex surfaces which in the aggregate produce a smooth back
portion for the tile and prevent catching and breaking of the
reduced edges.

928,913. Brick-Machine. George M. Griswold, King-
man, Kans. Filed April 24, 1908. Serial No. 429,073.

In a machine of the character described, the combina¬
tion of a pallet, guides carried by the pallet, members
slidably mounted upon the guides, ends carried by the said
members for two sets of molds, the said ends being adapt¬
ed to be lowered into an inoperative position, a common

set of sides for the molds, and means for bringing the
sides into cooperative relation with either set of ends.

In a machine of the character described, the combina¬
tion of a supporting frame, a mold, a pair of hoppers
mounted upon the supporting frame, slides mounted to
reciprocate across the discharge openings of the hoppers
to control the supply of plastic material to the mold, a
tamping mechanism mounted between the hoppers, and
gearing connecting the tamping mechanism and the slides.

928,812. Machine for Making Concrete Tiling. Ran¬
som Z. Snell, South Bend, Ind. Filed July 21, 1908. Se¬
rial No. 444,588.

In a machine of the character described, a frame, a con¬
tinuously rotating shaft mounted in the frame, a ver¬
tically movable table mounted in the frame, means for
holding the table normally at its upper position, a hop¬
per mounted above said table, a mold disposed upon the
table beneath the hopper and movable with the table, a
friction clutch on said shaft including a sleeve, a storage
bin, an endless conveyor working over said sleeve and en¬
tering said bin to lift the material from the bin and carry
it to the top of the machine, a chute disposed at the up¬
per end of the machine to receive the material from said
conveyer and deliver it to the hopper, to move the hopper
and its table downwardly against the action of the means
which holds the table normally in its upper position, a

manually operable means arranged whereby said table
may be drawn to its lowermost position independently
of the weight of the material in the mold, a stationary
platform to receive the mold after it has been filled and
the table moved to its lowermost position, and a tamping
device operating above the stationary platform to effect,
a tamping of the material in the mold.

921,838. Composition of Matter for Use in Fire-Brick
and the Like and Process of Producing the Same. Luke
Houze, Monterey, Cal., assignor of fourteen-sixtieths to
Charles F. Niklaus, fourteen-sixtieths to R. H. Willey, and
one-sixtieth to Arthur Branquart, Monterey, Cal. Filed
Aug. 27, 1906. Serial No. 332,287. Renewed Mar. 30,
1909. Serial No. 486,816.

A composition for use in a fire brick consisting of about
twenty-one parts of fire clay binder with about seventy-nine
parts of a filler consisting of hydrophane which is roasted
and crushed to a state of coarse division.

A composition for use in a fire brick consisting of about
twenty-one parts of fire clay binder with about seventy-nine
parts of a filler consisting of a rock of substantially the
composition stated which is roasted and crushed to a state
of coarse division.

The method of making fire brick which consists in roast¬
ing hydrophane, crushing the product to a state of coarse
division, mixing the same with fire clay, and then molding
and burning the mixture.

The method of making fire brick which consists in roast¬
ing a rock of substantially the composition stated, crushing
the product to a state of coarse division, mixing the same
with fire clay, and then molding and burning the mixture.

^LWV RECORD

929,210. Street-Paving Brick. Frank W. Grebe, Phil-
ipsburg, Pa. Filed Feb. 8, 1909. Serial No. 476,740.

In road-bed construction, a plurality of bricks or blocks
laid to break joint and each provided with a vertically
disposed tongue adapted to enter a corresponding seating
groove formed in an adjacent block, said blocks being
formed with circumferential mortar-receiving grooves,
and- a spacing member secured to each block and arranged
to bear against an adjacent block to produce an interme¬
diate channel for the reception of a binding medium.

In road-bed construction, a plurality of reversible
bricks or blocks each having one side thereof provided
with spaced vertically disposed seating grooves and its
opposite side formed with vertical locking tongues, ribs
formed on the grooved side of each block; there being a
circumferential mortar-receiving groove formed in each
block and intersecting the vertical seating grooves and
spacing ribs, respectively, said bricks or blocks being
laid to form a road-bed with the tongues of one block en¬
tering the grooves of an adjacent block and with the ribs
bearing against said mating blocks to produce an inter¬
mediate channel for the reception of a binding medium.

930,053. Brickmaking-Machine. Orvis G. Diefendorf,
Binghampton, N. Y., assignor to International Brick Ma¬
chine Company, Binghampton, N. Yy a Corporation of
New York. Filed June 4, 1907. Serial No. 377,131.

The combination of a frame, an upper plunger mova-
bly mounted in the frame, a lower plunger movably
mounted in the frame, a mold adapted to be held sta¬
tionary between the plungers, means for compressing ma¬
terial in the mold by a downward motion of the upper
plunger, means for retracting the lower plunger, means
for delivering the molded material from the mold by a
further downward motion of the upper plunger, means
whereby a pallet, or other conveying device, may be in¬
serted below the mold after the lower plunger has been

withdrawn from the mold, and means for lowering the
pallet or other conveyer with the molded material rest¬
ing thereon while delivery from the mold is taking place.

928,368. Crushing or Pulverizing Machine. Charles
A. Dorn, John O. Ludlam, and Charles F. Bonnot, Can¬
ton, and Louis C. Bonnot, Louisville, Ohio, assignors to
The Bonnot Company, Canton, Ohio, a Corporation of
Ohio. Filed Aug. 25, 1908. Serial No. 450,242.

A pulverizing machine, having a reducing chamber, a
screen chamber above the reducing chamber, reducing
means in the reducing chamber arranged to throw the re¬
duced material directly upward into the screen chamber,
an inverted cone shaped rotary feed hopper extending

centrally downward within the said screen chamber and
having a central discharge at its lower end, deflecting
blades secured to said hopper, and means for rotating
said hopper and blades, the outer inclined surface of the
hopper also forming a deflecting surface; substantially
as described.

A rotating carrier for the grinding rolls of a pulver¬
izing machine, said carrier consisting of an integral cast¬
ing having a plurality of bearing seats for the grinding
elements, and having rearwardly inclined U-shaped scoop
portions in the form of pockets extending inwardly into
the body of the carrier intermediate said seats ; substan¬
tially as described.

929,366. Pavement. Edward Alcott, New York, N. Y.
Filed May 25, 1909. Serial No. 498,295.

A pavement comprising a plurality of blocks, wooden
keys adapted to be interposed between the meeting ends
and sides thereof, said keys having their grain running
transversely of the direction of traffic so that the top sur¬
faces of said wedges will be spread over adjoining blocks.

A device of the character described comprising a wedge
shaped wooden key adapted for insertion between meet¬
ing faces of paving blocks with its grain running trans¬
versely to the direction of traffic so that the top surface
thereof will be spread over said blocks.

O LAY F*t=COWL>

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

. CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. OCTOBER 30, 1909. No. 8

•* *1 like to read American advertisements. They are Ik
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
Country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

* -

Only a hustler can get the key to the door of success.

Every time a chronic kicker stubs his toe he imagines
the world is against him.

Subscribe for the CLAY RECORD this month. You
can get it from now until 1911 for one dollar. Attend to
this at c r.ce.

When your superior gives an order, the thing to do is
to carry it out. If the order is wrong you will not be to
blame, but your superior will suffer.

If you go home from business at night and forget the
things you have been doing in the day and use your time
for things in life outside of business, the next day you
can make things fly.

Now is the time that you should consider the increas¬
ing of your advertising. Make your advertising appro¬
priation as large as possible for 1910 and do not forget to
put the CLAY RECORD on the list.

It is quite an art to know when to make the get-away
after you have made the sale. Study your customer care¬
fully, and when you have made your point clear and your
proposition is presented in the best possible manner and
accepted, then get away.

The best business getters are those who get business
on business grounds and through their knowledge of the
business, rather than through their ability to tell stories,
order good dinners and drink the most.

The director of operation and maintenance of the Har-
riman lines says that reports show that traffic for October
will far exceed that of October, 1907, which was the high¬
est water mark ever reached. This is an indisputable sign
that the country has recovered from the industrial de¬
pression.

BRICK AND TILE INDUSTRY

The report of the United States Geological Survey on
the clay-working industries in 1908, just issued, shows that
the total value of the brick and tile products, which include
brick of all kinds, sewer pipe, architectural terra cotta, fire¬
proofing, hollow building tile or blocks, stove lining, and all
kinds of tile, was $108,062,207, a decrease of a little over
16 per cent from the value for 1907. Every state and terri¬
tory contributed to the 1908 total. Ohio was the leader, re¬
porting products valued at $15,915,703, or 14.73 Per cent
of the whole. Pennsylvania, which has heretofore been the
leading producer of these wares, was second in 1908, report¬
ing products valued at $13,566,479, or 12.55 Per cent the
total. Illinois was the third state in value of products, re¬
porting $10,752,160 worth of brick and tile products, or
9.95 per cent of the whole. No other state reported brick
and tile wares valued at as much as $10,000,000, New York
being fourth with $7,270,981.

COMMON BRICK

Common brick is the most valuable of all products of clay,
those for 1908 being valued at $44,765,614, or 41.43 per cent
of all brick and tile products. In 1907 the common brick
product of the country was valued at $58,785,461, so that
the decrease in value was nearly 24 per cent. The number
of common brick reported was 7,811,046,000, compared with
9,795,698,000 in 1907, a loss of 20.26 per cent. The average
price per thousand at the kiln decreased from $6 in 1907 to
$5.73 in 1908. Illinois is the largest producer of common
brick, reporting 1,119,224,000. These, brick were valued at
$4.32 per thousand. New York, while second in production,
was first in value of product.

VITRIFIED PAVING BRICK AND DRAIN TILE

The most striking features of the report are the decrease
in every variety of product except two, vitrified paving brick
and drain tile. Vitrified paving brick showed a gain
of 101,877,000 in quantity and $1,003,193 in value,
an increase of 11.63 and 10.39 Per cent respect¬
ively. The average value for this variety of brick
was $10.90 per thousand in 1908 and $11.02 in 1907. Ohio
is the leading producer of this variety of brick, reporting
327,718,000 in 1908, valued at $3,232,335, or $9.86 per thou¬
sand ; this represents 33.50 per cent of the entire product
and 30.33 per cent of the entire value.

The drain-tile industry flourished in 1908, notwithstand¬
ing the depression in other branches of trade. The total
value of this product was $8,661,476, a gain of 26.18 per cent
over 1907. Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois were the lead¬
ing producing states. These four states with Michigan re¬
ported 90 per cent of the total product. The use of drain
tile is spreading, 39 states reporting it in 1908.

All other important products showed large decreases in
value of output except sewer pipe, which showed the com¬
paratively small decline of $479,114, or 4.17 per cent. The
value of this product in 1908 was $11,003,731.

CL7W RECORD.

OBITUARY.

L. H. Martin, a well known brick and tile manufacturer
at Dwight, Ill., died at his home October 15th. He leaves
a wife and four children.

J. H. Smith, a representative of the National Drain Tile
Co., of Terre Haute, Ind., committed suicide at Mattoon,
Ill. The body was buried at Monticello.

T. W. Loveland, a dealer of brick at Milwaukee, Wis.,
died at his home, 301 Sixteenth avenue, after a short ill¬
ness. He was 42 years of age, and is survived by a widow
and two sons.

Frederick E. Frey, seventy-three years old, and at one
time the head of the Frey-Scheckler Co., of Bucyrus, Ohio,

died at his home in Cleveland, Ohio, where he had been
living for the last ten years.

William H. Hahne died at his home in Chicago, at 2912
North Robey street, following an illness of several years.
He was 46 years of age and for many years was a north
side brick manufacturer. He was president of the Arti¬
ficial Ice Co., and the Northwestern Brewing Co.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

The plant of the Barton Lumber & Brick Co., Jones¬
boro, Ark., valued at $190,000, was totally destroyed by
fire. The loss is partly covered by insurance.

The Onondaga Pottery Co., Syracuse, N. Y., sustained
a $20,000 loss by fire at their works on West Fayette
street. The loss is entirely covered by insurance.

The Empire Brick & Supply Co., across the river from
Coxsackie, N. Y., suffered a loss by fire of the burning

of the sheds to their brick plant. They will be replaced
at once.

The entire plant of the Corinth (Iowa) Brick & Tile
Co. was burned to the ground, causing great loss to the

owners and the city. The cause of the fire is unknown,
Only small insurance.

The Monroeville (Ohio) Brick & Tile Works, owned
by Hess & Smith, was destroyed by fire, causing a $12,000

loss, which was partly covered by insurance. The plant
will be rebuilt at once.

The plant of the Central Georgia Brick Co., at Macon,
Ga., was destroyed by fire, causing a loss of $20,000,
partly covered by insurance. The plant was a new one
Oivned by Dr. J. F. Farnham, J. F. Hart and Brad Wall.
They will rebuild at once.

- - » « -

NEBRASKA CAPITALISTS BUY SIOUX FALLS

PLANT

The Sioux Falls Pressed Brick Co., which has been such
a successful institution in Sioux Falls, S. Dak., under the
management of the Johnson Bros., has been sold to a syn¬
dicate of Nebraska capitalists, and, as it will bring many new
people to this city, it is probably a good thing, for the John¬
sons are a permanent fixture and the sale means they will be
investing their money in other institutions. For some time
•one of the buyers has been interested in the plant here and
finally decided he wished to come here and live, so secured
an option on the stock and took it all in conjunction with
some friends.

As the people who will have the business in the future
are said to be live men and have plenty of capital, not only
for this enterprise but others, it will undoubtedly be a good
thing for this city that they are casting their lots here.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES.

The Sibley (Mich.) Brick Co. is being sued for $12,000

said to be due to Carl J. Sandstrum, an ex-manager of
the plant.

I homas Cochran of \ anport, Pa., was seriously in¬
jured by the breaking of a kiln band at the plant of
Dando & Co. A portion of the kiln fell upon him.

Jacob Franke, a laborer, aged 70 years, was caught by
falling clay so that he died from injury at the plant of tlie
Glen-Gery Brick Co. works at Shoemakersville, Pa.

William Jones, a negro, was killed and John Dominick
badly injured at Philip Goldrick’s brick plant, Goldrick’s
Landing, near Kingston, N. Y., by a kiln falling upon
them.

William Lewis secured a verdict of $5,000 in the cir¬
cuit court for injuries received while at work in the brick
plant of the Detroit Vitrified Brick Co.’s plant at Corun¬
na, Mich.

The supreme court at Albany, N. Y., gave a verdict of
$6,500 to Rosanna Palin against the Cary Brick Co. of
Cohoes, N. Y., for the death of her husband, who was
killed while working at the plant several years ago.

F. J. Hanlon has been appointed receiver for the La-
tonia (Ky.) Brick Co. in a suit filed by a Covington
bank and other creditors. The company asks that the re¬
ceiver be allowed to borrow money and operate the plant.
The liabilities are about $20,000.

Some unknown miscreants placed a charge of dyna¬
mite under the piston rod of the engine at the South
Zanesville Sewer Pipe & Brick Co.’s plant at Zanesville,
Ohio, and partly wrecked the engine. John C. Bolan, the
owner, offers a reward for the conviction of the guilty
party.

$350,000 BRICK MANUFACTURING ORGANIZA¬
TION EFFECTED IN CANEY.

One of the biggest deals in the history of Caney, Kan¬
sas, has been closed, in which the Kansas Brick & Tile
Company, incorporated for $350,000 was organized to
manufacture brick, tile, electricity and possibly furnish
another gas line for Caney use. The deal is the out¬
growth of the Monarch Brick and Tile Company and is
organized by local and Kansas capitalists. It will operate
on the 350-acre McIntyre farm at the northwest edge of
Caney and when completed will employ 250 to 300 men.

The charter has been returned and an organization ef¬
fected. S. M. Porter was elected president; W. O. Trus-
ket, secretary; W. S. Cochrane, treasurer, and H. B. Wi¬
ley, Kansas City, general manager. Offices will be open¬
ed in Caney.

The deal is the outgrowth of the old Monarch Brick &
Tile Co., of which several efforts were made to organize,
but all were unsuccessful until the present one. The old
McIntyre farm, of 350 acres, with splendid clay for brick
and tile purposes in unlimited amounts will be the loca¬
tion of the plant. Building brick, common brick, paving
brick, tile and other products of similar nature will be
manufactured. The charter also grants the privilege of
maintaining an electric plant, which is needed in the pro¬
duction of certain lines. A service may also be given
Caney and surrounding territory. The company will use
its own natural gas to burn, drawing from wells of their
own on that and adjacent lands.

OL7SY RECORD*

LOCATION OF CLAY BEDS IN PROVINCE OF

NOVA SCOTIA.

Sackville. — Professor Keele, of the Dominion Geologi¬
cal Department, and Porfessor Ries, who holds the chair
of Economic Geology at Cornell University, have this
summer been engaged in what may be called prospect¬
ing for clay. The two in company have traversed Nova
Scotia and inspected the more noteworthy agrillaceous
deposits in that province. Professor Ries has now gone
to Prince Edward Island to continue his investigations
in that direction and Professor Keele is following suit in
New Brunswick. The mission on which these gentlemen
have been sent out by the Dominion government has for
its object to ascertain the location of the more important
provincial clay-beds and to secure samples of the clay.
These are forwarded to Ottawa and thence to Cornell
University, where they will be carefully analyzed and
tested by Professor Ries, who will thus be enabled to de¬
termine their fitness for industrial purposes, one species
of clay, as it seems, being suited for making fire brick,
another for ordinary building brick, another for pottery,
etc., etc. Full information on all these points, including
detailed analysis, will be published by the government
and thus rendered accessible to all those interested in such
lines of manufacture as those alluded to above. The
economic value of the services thus rendered to the in¬
dustrial world cannot be overestimated. Professor Keele
will have forwarded from Sackville samples of a very
superior clay obtained in the vicinity of Ogden’s mill
pond, and of a still finer clay from the farm of William
Chase of Fairfield. Although Sackville is too generally
regarded as just an aggregation of sand-dunes, stigma¬
tized, indeed, by the late Charles Pelham Mulvaney in
one of his sonnets as a “barren, sand-strewn reach,” yet it
is worth knowing that underlying the sand in many places
and cropping out here and there are immense beds of clay
that have as yet been practically unutilized. Professor
Keele’s visit to Sackville may, therefore, bear valuable
fruit some day. The Professor was much interested in the
institutions, notably so in the Art Building and its con¬
tents. He expressed the opinion that in all Canada there
was no such art collection as this accessible to the public,
and that in its water colors it compared very ' favorably
with the famous Kensington Art Museum in London —
an opinion all the more valuable from the fact that he was
born and brought up on the other side of the water, and
like Ulysses of old, has seen “many men and many cities,”
having the advantage, however, of that hero in having
visited many art galleries.

DRAINED LANDS IN ILLINOIS ARE
PRODUCTIVE.

Bumper, crops of corn grown this season on the 4,500
acres of farm land drained by the big Rutland-Plato ditch
have sent the price of property abutting the improvement
from $80 to $130 per acre, and indirectly set the farmers
of all northern Illinois to thinking about the possibilities
of redeeming swamp acreage, says the Elgin News.

Through the two Kane county townships which the big
drain cuts, the biggest crops of corn even in this country
have been raised. Land that for years and years has been
covered eleven months of the year with water, this fall
shows the highest and most productive corn in Kane
county.

The radical increase in the price of land along the drain¬
age ditch has been almost unexpected. Recently the first
farm offered for sale on the ditch was sold. It brought
$130 per acre. Ten years ago it was offered for $80 the
acre and wasn’t sold. And the ditch cost less than $10
for every acre abutting it.

FREDERICK E. FREY DEAD.

Frederick E. Frey, seventy-three years old, one time a.
well-known Bucyrus manufacturer, died the morning of
October 21st, at his home, No. 10403 Colonial avenue
N. E., Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. Frey has been living in
Cleveland for ten years and had he lived until next month
he would have celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his
marriage.

Mr. Frey was one of the founders of the Frey, S heck¬
ler Company, manufacturers of brick and clay-working
machinery at Bucyrus. This company was merged into
the American Clay Working Machinery Company.

Mr. Frey is survived by a wife and eight children:
John, Ernest, Cecilia, M., Rowena, Mrs. W. W. Wallace,
of Canton ; Mrs. G. C. Merrell, of Willoughby, and Mrs.
G. H. Matchett.

UNIONS VOTE DOWN OVERTIME REQUEST.

Requests that the sanitary pottery employes make an¬
other mold each day, thus increasing the output of the
various sanitary plants in Trenton, N. J., has been voted
down by the unions.

The proposition was submitted at a meeting of the
men, when about 200 mechanics considered the question.
It was agreed that the matter might be further discussed
at a subsequent session, inasmuch as a full representa¬
tion was not present.

Several of the workmen, it is said, favored the con¬
cession, on the ground that there is at present an increas¬
ing demand for sanitary ware, of the sort made in Tren¬
ton. One more mold per day per man would more than
make up an extra day’s output in every factory and thus
talce care of a part of the present extraordinary demand.

The manufacturers, however, contend that they are not

pressed beyond the customary facilities. They say that

certain lines are selling fairly heavily and that in certain

of the plants it would be an advantage if the men would

make the requested extra mold per day.

- , -

PAVING BRICK PLANT AT PISCATAWAY.

The New Jersey Clay Products Company, of New
Brunswick, N. J., of which Charles A. Bloomfield is the
treasurer, is rapidly getting its Piscataway plant in shape
and within less than six months the plant will represent
an outlay of capital of more than $125,000. This will in¬
clude the present hollow brick plant and a plant for man¬
ufacturing a shale paving block, much on the order o£
the Metropolitan or Bessemer blocks.

The capacity when running full will be about 110, 0001
blocks or 140,000 brick per day and the plant will be
capable of turning these out within six weeks. It will
furnish altogether employment for about 200 men.

The plant at present has the best of shipping facilities,,
lying along the Raritan river and having a spur of the
Lehigh Valley Railroad.

A plant in the vicinity, capable of manufacturing a
first-class paving block, will be a great boon to New
Brunswick, as the city will be able to get its paving ma¬
terial at a great deal lower cost than at present. The
freight on the brick at present used here is about $12
per 1,000, or more than a third of the entire cost.

At present there is no manufactory of the kind in this
section but the Pyrogranite works, which went out of
existence some time ago, furnished the brick which made
the most satisfactory pavement New Brunswick has yet
had, that on the Bayard street hill. These blocks were a
white clay brick while the new ones will be shale.

Mr. Bloomfield says that he feels sure the company
will be able to furnish a first-class paving brick in a
short time.

CLHY RECORD.

THE ALLIANCE BRICK COMPANY NOW READY

TO DO BUSINESS.

The organization of the Alliance Brick Company, Alli¬
ance, Ohio., has been perfected by the election of a board
of nine directors and the adoption of a constitution, etc.
The board elected consists of the following: F. A. Hoiles,
W. H. Purcell, Ross Rue, Fred Zurbrugg, D. W. Crist'
F. A. Sebring, W. W. Webb, R. M. Scranton and I. Koch.

The organization of the board was later completed by
the election of the following officers: F. A. Hoiles, pres¬
ident and general manager; D. W. Crist, vice-president;
R. M. Scranton, secretary; W. W. Webb, treasurer. An
■executive or building committee will be chosen among
other business at a meeting of the board to be held next
Saturday morning.

The Alliance Brick Company has been in process of
organization for eight months, during which time five
different sites for the establishment of a paving and face
brick plant have been investigated. From four of these
at different times during this period large quantities of
material have been taken, and three at least of these four
have been found to make high grade pavers and face
building brick. The site most favored by the company at
present is the Fred Zurbrugg farm lying just north of
the P. Ft. W. & C. railroad, about one and one-half miles
east of Alliance, midway between Alliance and Sebring,
affording excellent local markets, and, with the Alliance-
Sebring road paved, exceptional facilities for reaching
same ; and the Pennsylvania system will provide a means
of reaching every other desired market.

It is the intention of the company to immediately erect
a strictly modern plant, designed by the best brick works
engineers of the present day. This plant will have a
capacity of about 50,000 pavers. It will cost about $75,000
or $85,000, and the money to pay for same has all been
subscribed and ten per cent of every share paid into the
hands of the treasurer of the company.

PORT CREDIT COMPANY EXTENDING PLANT

The Port Credit Brick Works at Port Credit, Ontario,
are just completing another large extension to their working
plant by the erection of six additional kilns, which have in¬
volved an expenditure of $35,000. Twelve more similar
kilns are planned, but their erection will be deferred to the
spring.

The engineers in charge of the construction of the canal
at the brick works are now engaged in blasting operations
on the lake front for the purpose of deepening the basin
at the point where the mouth of the canal, or rather the
first lock in the latter, will be, when the work is completed.
This work will have to be effected before there will be suffi¬
cient depth of water to allow vessels of any draught to pass
in or out. The engineers do not expect to be able to let the
water into the canal in much less than six months’ time.

There are now more than three hundred men employed
at the brick works and on the canal excavations, and many
more will be so soon as the latter is opened, so it will be
seen how important a matter it is to the prosperity of the
village that this work should prove successful.

WILL ESTABLISH SCHOOL TO TEACH BRICK¬
LAYING IN TEXAS.

A school for instructing apprentices in the bricklayer’s
trade, which will cost $50,000, will be located by the dele¬
gates of the nineteenth convention of the Texas Brick¬
layers’ Association recently, which opened in Galveston
October 25. Many cities were applicants for the school.
George M. P. Anderson, of Dallas, presided. ' Secretary
W. J. Moran, of Fort Worth, announced every local rep¬
resented.

OCTOBER MEETING OF HUDSON RIVER
BRICKMAKERS.

A meeting of the Hudson River Brick Manufacturers’
Association was held October 27th in The Palatine, New-
bmgh, N. Y. It is usual for the association to have a
meeting in October of each year to talk over the situation
and see if anything can be done to improve it, if the con¬
dition of the trade is at all bad. This time, it is said there
were no very important questions to come up for settle¬
ment. The price of brick is about $6 a thousand and there
is not a very large supply on hand. It was hoped, there¬
fore, that at this meeting action might be taken toward
raising the price of brick, which is usually higher in the
winter than in the summer.

There were about sixty brick manufacturers present.
William K. Hammond of New York City, is the presi¬
dent of the association, and Robert T. Boyd is the secre¬
tary. They were both present, and the following were
among the others who attended : Frank de Noyelles of
Haverstraw, Alonzo Rose of Catskill, Alexander Rose of
the Reilly Brick Co., of Stony Point; John Shankey, of
P. Shankey & Son of Haverstraw; Senator John B. Rose
of the Rose Brick Co.; B. J. Allison of B. J. Allison &
Co., of Haverstraw ; Theodore G. Peck of West Haver¬
straw, and E. S. Emmons.

THE NEW YORK BRICK MARKET.

Following is the report of the condition of the New
York brick market for the week ending Saturday, Octo¬
ber 30. Five barges were left over from last week and
seventy-nine arrived, making eighty-four in all. Seventy-
nine have gone out leaving ten on hand. Prices range
from $5.25 to $5.75, which is high and very hard to get.
Things are looking better and it is the general opinion
that we may soon have a $6 market.

LOUISVILLE CAPITALISTS ORGANIZE A $200,000
CLAY PLANT FOR WEST VIRGINIA.

Louisville capital has broken into the clay products in¬
dustry of West Virginia in the organization of a $200,000
company recently in Charleston.

While factories manufacturing tile, pressed brick and
general pottery commodities have been in operation for
many years in Ohio and West Virginia points along the
Ohio river, including Youngstown, East Liverpool,
Wheeling and Parkersburg, the company just formed in
Charleston will be one of the largest of its kind in the
United States, and one of the only ones owned by Louis¬
ville capitalists.

The officers of the new concern are all Louisville men,
and the standing of the organizers assures success for the
new undertaking. At a recent m^nna: of the company’s
directors the following were elected executive officers:
W. E. Caldwell, president ; A. H. Robinson, first vice-pres¬
ident; Sam P. Jones, president of the Commercial Bank
and Trust Company, of Louisville, second vice-president;
R. H. Yates, of the Yates-Smith Whisky Company, sec¬
retary and treasurer.

The men who are interested in P— success of the new
company will go to the West Virginia city within the
next few days for the purpose of perfecting arrangements
to start manufacturing. The new potteries plants will be
in full operation within the next sixty days, it is said, and
shortly after they will be shipping finished goods to the
trade.

Recognizing the value of river transportation, and the
low shipping rates existing between points on the Ohio
river, the new company will make Louisville a selling
ground for all of the goods turned out in the new plant.

C, i _ v K L;.' W O

JACKSONVILLE WILL AT LAST GET A LARGE

BRICK YARD.

Before another building season gets around Jackson¬
ville Illinois, is to have an up to date brick yard. The
vard will be owned and managed by the Tendick Brick
Company, and it is expected that the plant will be in
operation early in the spring. The company includes
F. H. Thifcs, Frank and George Tendick, all of whom
are practical brick makers and good business men. The
yard will be located on land just south of William Ten-
dick’s yard, near the corner of Tendick street and Mor¬
ton avenue. Soft mud sand brick will be manufactured
and the drying will be done in tunnels heated with a fur¬
nace. The tunnels will be eight in number, 75 feet in
length, and the brick will be run from the machine into
them loaded on cars bearing a series of racks. The dry¬
ing process will take about 48 hours and the cars will
then be moved into the kilns and placed in position for
burning. For burning purposes two clamp kilns will be
built, each holding upward of 100,000 brick. Permanent
kilns may be installed later. The first expense for the
plant, including machinery and installation, will be about
$10,000. The contract for the work has been let to D. C.
Carson. During recent months various clays have been
tested by Messrs. Theis and Tendick and the site select¬
ed furnishes the very best material they could find.

A good many brick yards for Jacksonville have been
talked about during the past year or two, but this one is
a go and the work is soon to commence. As the men in¬
terested are all familiar with the business, having had
plenty of experience and as there is a good market here
for brick the new enterprise will undoubtedly succeed.
The addition of the enterprise to Jacksonville will be very

welcome. - — -

CONTRACT SIGNED FOR THE LOCATION OF AN
IMPORTANT INDUSTRY.

W. S. Cochrane, secretary of the Gas Belt Brick
Co., recently visited Pawhuska, Okla., and made a con¬
tract with the Pawhuska Oil and Gas Co., for fuel for a
new brick plant to be erected in that city with a capacity
of 100,000 brick per day.

The plant will occupy fifteen acres of land with its
activities and its products will include not only building
brick but a re-pressed face brick and tile. It is expected
that fully seventy men will be given employment. The
fuel rate to the ^company was not ascertained but Mr.
Cochrane says that it is entirely satisfactory to his com¬
pany. The exact location of the plant will not be known
until certain tests, now being made are completed.

The Gas Belt Brick Co. is a corporation composed
largely of Kansas men. It has a capitalization of $750,-
000 and the probability is that its Pawhuska plant will
grow. The same company has taken the initial steps to
the erection of a similar plant at Henryetta. The peo¬
ple of Pawhuska are to be congratulated on this begin¬
ning of an industrial development that promises to be
very extensive in the end.

BRICK PLANT CASTS ASIDE OLD POWER
TRANSMISSION

The Alton Brick company’s plant on the north side at Al¬
ton, Ill., is now being operated completely by electricity, so
far as the various machines are concerned. An electric plant
capable of developing 8oo horse power is being used to sup¬
ply the electric current and the power is carried about the
plant on wires and delivered at each machine to individual
motors which are on the shafts. All the old methods of
power transmission have been abandoned. 1 he plant is now
running in full with electrical power with no belting and no
long shafts to drive the machines.

BRICK BEST AND CHEAPEST FOR FLORIDA.

The more that proposition for the construction of a
system of vitrified brick roads throughout the county is
discussed, the stronger does it appeal to the people, savs
a Florida journal.

The money of the taxpayers could not be employed in
any manner that would contribute more materially or
more immediately to the development of the county than
by this method. Vitrified brick is the only thoroughly
satisfactory paving material that has so far been em¬
ployed in this section. In the matter of first cost it of
course considerably exceeds the other materials which
have been used on our streets and roads, but when the
repair bills for a few years are taken into consideration
the brick proves cheaper than any of the substitutes.

And in the matter of saving on vehicles, the heavier
loads that may be hauled on the smoother road, the ab¬
sence of dust and mud, and the consequent elimination of
the cost of oiling, brick is incomparably superior.

Duval county is preparing to float a bond issue of
$1,000,000, the entire sum to be used in building vitrified
brick roads throughout the county; and Orange county is
discussing a similar project, with favorable prospects for
its adoption.

Hillsborough county cannot afford to lag behind in
these matters. Conceded to be the wealthiest and most
populous county in the state, she must set the pace in all
policies of enterprise in order to hold her position.

No further demonstration of the value and advantage
of paved roads is needed than a tour of the roads which
have been built in the vicinity of Tampa. The construc¬
tion of a good road has invariably been followed by the
improvement of the property.

HERR WORKS ON CLAY EXHIBIT.

Albert Herr, manager of the Holly Springs (Miss.)
Stoneware and Fire Brick Company, has just returned
from a five days’ visit to the Agricultural and Mechanical
College at Starkville, where he went by invitation of
Prof. W. N. Logan, the geologist, to prepare models of
various designs from different kinds of clay from fifteen
counties in Mississippi for exhibit at the State Fair soon
to open at Jackson. Mr. Herr is an expert at modeling'
clays. He stated that Mississippi abounds in great wealth
in these clays. That there is a vein of it forty miles wide
ranging from one to fifty feet deep in this state, running
from the foot of the Cumberland mountains in Tennessee
diagonally across the northern and the northwestern
parts of Mississippi, terminating in and around Vicks¬
burg and Natchez. That it runs in dips like ocean waves ;
that it is what is termed 'kaolin clay and is used to make
queensware, chinaware, stoneware, fire brick, drain and
sewer piping and the like.

When asked which of the fifteen counties showed the
best variety of clay Mr. Herr unhesitatingly answered
Marshall county. Not because he happens to be from
Marshall, but that by a careful comparison of the clays
(all of which were good) it was clear that Marshall coun¬
ty’s was the superior of any of the others. When asked
what amount of that kind of clay, in his judgment, was
embedded in Marshall county his reply was that there are
now and have been for a long time two large potteries in
Marshall county, located at Holly Springs, the one of
which he is manager and the P. S. Allison Pottery Com¬
pany, and that after a careful study of the matter it is his
deliberate judgment that Marshall county alone has in
it sufficient kaolin clay to supply the demand of the
United States for the next ninety-nine years.

Mr. Herr is a member of the board of aldermen of
Holly Springs.

OLfiY RECORD.

OHIO VALLEY CLAY PLANT ENLARGED AND

MODERNIZED.

New buildings and equipment to the tune of a $50,000
outlay are being completed at the Ohio Valley Clay Co.’s
works, at Steubenville, Ohio. All this means an increased
output and a modernizing of facilities in getting out their
products.

A brick power building has been completed on the
North High street side, 125 by 54 feet. To get ground
to erect it the old James Robinson property was razed.
In this building are installed engines and boilers as fol¬
lows :

Two 100-horse power boilers; two 150-horse power gas
engines and one 35-horse power gas engine ; one 700-foot
air compressor; two 115 K. W. generators; one 125-horse
power motor ; 3 panel switchboards.

In the future all machinery will be driven, by electricity
and motor connections will be attached to every piece ol
machinery.

The space heretofore occupied by boilers and engines
in the grinding department will be fitted up for clay
storage purposes in soaking and aging it. This will give
a capacity for 500 tons more of prepared clay, also capac¬
ity for 500 tons additional storage capacity for German
clays.

This will enable them to get all clays out of the cellar
and out of the reach of high water. It also gives them
space additional for 100 car loads of pot shell.

The two-story brick building erected across Washing¬
ton street connecting the buildings on either side of the
street is completed. It is 61x90 feet. It is built on steel
structural iron and has a clearance of 15 feet over the
street. Besides being used for connecting passageway
between the two buildings, it gives them much splice for
the drying of blocks.

FIRST TAPESTRY BRICK FOR CLEVELAND.

A new thing in Cleveland, Ohio, in the building line, is
the material specified by Architect J. Milton Dyer for
the home of E. S. Burke, Jr., it. Magnolia drive, by the
way of tapestry brick, of which the McLean house in
Washington is built. There aie seventeen different
shades of color in the brick, the finished product bearing
a close resemblance to tapestry wo:k.

The brick are laid up in Flemish bond, the joints (D/s
inch) being made of white silica pebbles and Portland
cement. There is no stone in or about the building, the
paving, coping, sills and terraces being entirely restricted
to brick.

NEW BRICK PLANT ERECTED IN
STATESVILLE.

J. C. Steele & Sons, manufacturers of brick-making ma¬
chinery, Statesville, N. C., have begun the erection of a
brick plant on what is known as the Collier property,
alongside the railroad, just east of the Steele shops and
foundry, and will manufacture high grade pressed brick.

Steele & Sons have bought a lot of fine clay from Mr.
Harry Reid, lying along the Catawba river near the rail¬
road bridge, 12 miles west of Statesville and they will haul
the clay from the river to Statesville by rail and manu¬
facture it into brick at the plant erected near then shops.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS.

The brick works at Williamstown, N. J., will manufac¬
ture cement blocks during the winter.

The Rochester (N. Y.) Composite Brick Co. has a most
unique exhibit at the Rochester Exposition which is now
going on.

J. J. Donavan, of the lead mine which bears his name
at Macomb, N. Y., is utilizing the by-product of the mine
to make cement brick.

The Sixth Annual Convention of the National Associa¬
tion of Manufacturers of Sand Lime Products will be
held December 5 and 6, 1909. Place not yet given out.

Edward Johnson, who recently sold the Sioux Falls
(S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. works to Nebraska capital¬
ists, will organize a company and start a furniture fac¬
tory.

Carl A. Sundstrom, ex-manager of the Sibley (Mich.)
Brick Co., claims the company is in his debt to the sum
of $12,000 for money advanced, and has started suit for
same.

The Watertown (N. Y.) White Brick Co. is defendant
in a suit brought by Andrew William for the loss of a
thumb while at work for the company at their plant at
Sanfords corners.

The Aransas Pass (Texas) Brick & Shingle Co., have
their plant ready for business and are now making brick
from sand taken from St. Joseph Island. It makes a very
high grade sand brick.

Work is being pushed on rebuilding the plant of the
Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Co.’s plant which was
destroyed by fire some months ago. The plant will be
larger and up-to-date in every way.

S. N. Widdup and others have bought the property of
the National Fireproofing Co. at Terra Cotta, D. C., and
will manufacture cement brick made from the sand banks
which extend from Terra Cotta to Takoma, that are
owned by these parties. The plant recently burned to
the ground and the Fireproofing Company decided not to
rebuild it.

INSTALLING OIL BURNERS IN KANSAS.

The Coffeyville Brick Company has installed oil burn¬
ers the last few weeks which has necessitated the laying
off of several men. The company is as anxious to resume
work as the men, as they are behind on their orders. This
also holds up the paving in Cherryvale as this company
has the contract to furnish the paving blocks.

The Union Brick & Gas Company has installed oil
burners in their kilns and report it a success. The oil
forced with steam makes a much hotter fire and the brick
can be burned from one to two days sooner.

HOLLOW TILE TEST AT NEW YORK.

Unless the board of aldermen authorize the $30,000 that
Mayor McClellan wants to make tests of hollow tile and
cinder concrete, it looks very much as if the plan will not
be carried out — not under the present administration at
any rate.

Mr. McClellan says that Chief Engineer Lewis of the
board of estimate, who was appointed to carry out the
tests, had got fairly well settled on a location for the
proving grounds, but that he could go no further with no
money in sight.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged to Suit al1 Locatioos

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Point* of Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. HA I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

Salt Lake, Utah, brick manufacturers have sold one
million brick to be used in new structures at Twin Falls,
Idaho.

The Sioux City (la.) Brick & Tile Co. has removed its
offices to the Iowa Building and is now conveniently lo¬
cated.

Denver is going to abolish clay plants within her limits
and the Denver (Colo.) Sewerpipe Co. is prospecting at
Golden for a location.

The Glen-Gery Brick Co. is making big shipments of
brick from the Shoemakersville, Pa. plant, which is turn¬
ing out 70,000 brick a day.

Albert Zoppi, of Findlay, O., has organized a $50,000
company to build and operate a clay pot manufactory at
Toledo, Ohio. The buildings will be started very soon.

The Tucson (Arizona) Pressed Brick Co. are consider¬
ing the building of a branch plant at Phoenix, the capital
city of Arizona. P. Monier is the president of the com-
pany.

Announcement has been made of a contract being
closed to build a brick plant at Canyon, Texas, to make
40,000 brick per day, and the larger part of the output is
sold in advance.

Work is nearly completed on the McDade (Texas)
Brick Works and soon brick will be ready for the market.
Tests show a most excellent quality of clay for the man¬
ufacture of brick.

The Norwalk (O.) Brick & Stone Co. have just closed
contracts for three quarter millionof brick for Toledo and
Elyria. This will keep the plant running full time with
an increased force.

The National Fireproofing Co., Pittsburg, Pa., has sold
their property at Terra Cotta, D. C. It consists of 33
acres of land and ten kilns, the building having burned to
the ground several months ago.

The Cary Brick Co., of Mechanicsville, N. Y., has
bought the^Plaistow (N. H.) Brick Works of Edward O.
Glidden, of Cambridge, Mass. It is the largest yard in
that section and covers an area of 108 acres.

Houck Brothers, formerly from Ohio, and later from
Jennings, La., have closed contracts with Queenstown,
Ala., people to build and operate a $25,000 brick plant
there, and to have it in operation by the new year. The
Queenstown Co. office is at 2113 1st Ave., Birmingham,
Ala.

The plant of the Meek Brick & Tile Co., an organiza¬
tion composed of Chillicothe (Mo.) business men, will be
located at Utica and work on construction has been
started. The directors of the company are C. F. Adams,
M. R. Jenkins, Joe Wallbrun, B. J. Meek and J. E. Meek.
Main office at Chillicothe.

The Messerknecht Brick Works at Waseca, Minn., has
been sold by W. A. Swift to Charles Ruehl.

The flodkford (Wash.) Brick Works have installed new
engine and boilers and additional brick-making machin¬
ery.

W. A. Wiley has resigned as manager of the brick
works at Seneca, Kansas, and Arthur Stevens has pur¬
chased his stock and succeeded him.

The Chanute (Kansas) Brick & Tile Co. bought a
gas well on the McMillan farm west of the city. The gas
will be piped to the company’s plant and used.

The Interstate Fire Clay Co., Cleveland, O., has been
organized with $10,000 capital stock, by C. H. Judkins,
M. C. Mulhall, A. C. Miller, A. Z. Welch and W. H. Boyd.

The directors of the Alliance (Ohio) Brick Co. held a
meeting and appointed a building committee with instruc¬
tions to employ a competent engineer to lay out the plant
and push work as rapidly as possible.

John Maxwell, formerly of Grand Junction, la., has
taken charge of the Panora (la.) Brick & Tile Works,
which has recently been purchased by G. H. Wiltse and
A. B. Lofstedt under the firm name of Wiltse & Lofstedt.

The Norfolk (Va.) Brick & Tile Co. has been incorpo¬
rated at Charleston, W. Va., with $50,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are Delmar Lincoln, John D. Lewis, W. E.
Moore, J. F. Hudson and C. M. Anderson of Charleston.

C. E. King’s Brick Works at Portsmouth, Ohio, is soon
to be a realization, the site is being graded and necessary
buildings will be built within 45 days, the machinery has
been ordered and will be placed in position within a few
days.

Garland, Kansas, is to have a $100,000 brick plant. Dr.
Cline, of Joplin, Mo., and other Missouri capitalists, have
purchased 60 acres of shale and coal land of E. H. Den¬
ton, just north of Garland, on which the plant is to be lo¬
cated.

DIRECT HEAT

RYERS

FOR

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

AMERICAN PROCESS CO.,

68 William SI. NEW YORK CITY

The brick yard at the east end of Piedmont, W. Va.,
has been leased to the Savage Brick Co., of Mt. Savage,
Md.

The Indiana Brick Co., Anderson, Ind., are shipping out
50 carloads of brick a week. The freight shipments are
double that of a year ago.

The Twin City Brick Co., Lumber Exchange, Minne¬
apolis, Minn., has finished a plant to make drain tile from
shale which the company owns a large tract of.

T. K. Hamilton, ex-superintendent of the Prison brick
plant at Lansing, Kansas, is now the superintendent of a
plant at Independence, Mo., where he has moved.

The Model Brick Co., Carrollton, Texas, has been in¬
corporated with $35,000 capital stock. Incorporators are
J. C. Thompson, A. J. Boedefield, and J. C. Siddons.

The Volenteer Brick & Tile Co., What Cheer. Ia., will
build additional kilns and increase the capacity of their
tile machinery so that they can take care of the trade.

The Shenandoah (Ia.) Brick & Tile Co. are making-
brick for Uncle Sam, they having the contract to furnish
400,000 brick each to the Shenandoah and Clarinda post-
office.

The Port Credit (Ontario) Brick Works has been run¬
ning night and day for the last three months so as to keep
up with the orders, working 12 hours on the night shift.
Seventy men are employed.

The Shackelford Brick Co., Des Moines, Ia., started
their new continuous gas burning kiln on the 19th inst.
Great interest is being taken in the outcome of this kiln
by Iowa clay manufacturers.

J. C. Steele & Sons, Statesville, N. C., will build a brick
works adjoining their brick machinery plant and will
manufacture high grade press brick from clay taken along
Catawba river, 12 miles away.

The stockholders of the Fertile (Ia.) Clay & Peat Co.,
at a recent meeting decided to continue the work mapped
out and put large quantities of clay into the dry shed so
as to operate as long as possible.

The Columbus (O.) Society of Architects recently
were the guests of the Columbus Brick & Terra Cotta Co.,
at their plant at Union Furnace. They spent the day
learning how good brick are made.

Two carloads of brick machinery from the C. W. Ray¬
mond Co., of Dayton, O., are being installed at the plant
of the Lexington (Tex.) Brick & Tile Co. The capacity
of the plant will be 20,000 brick daily.

The Dafifney Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., has been
incorporated with $35,000 capital stock. The directors
are Win. H. Daffney, Wm. H. Dafifney, Jr., Stephen Lee,
John L. Short and Joseph M. Purcell.

New buildings and equipment to the value of $50,000
are being made at the Ohio Valley Clay Co. works at
Steubenville, Ohio. All machinery will be driven by elec¬
tricity with a motor connected to each machine.

The Amarillo (Texas) Brick & Tile Co. is making ad¬
ditions in the way of machinery and buildings to the
amount of $20,000. Kilns are being constructed and the
machinery set. The total investment amounting to $55,-
000.

The Sheffield (Ill.) Shale Tile Co. has been incorpo¬
rated with $45,000 capital stock, by Albert W. Charles,
W. and George W. Boyden and taken over the Sheffield
Brick & Tile Works built by D. O. Loy. They will
double the capacity of the plant.

The Tendick Brick Co. will build during the winter ad¬
joining the William Tendick yard at Jacksonville, Ill., a
soft mud sand brick plant. F. H. Thies, Frank and
George Tendick, all experienced brick manufacturers, are
the owners of the enterprise that will be ready for the
spring trade.

1 he Wise County Brick Co., of Bridgeport, Texas, has
filed proof of final payment of its capital stock.

The Jonesboro (Ark.) Brick Co. has dissolved and de¬
sires to surrender its charter. Stuck Bros, own the prop¬
erty.

The Henry Clay White Vitrified Brick Co., Wilming¬
ton, Del., has been incorporated with $250,000 capital
stock.

The South Webster (O.) Clay Products Co., will be¬
gin the erection of its plant Nov. 1st. Work on the con¬
struction will be continued through the winter months.

The Blue Ridge Enameled Brick Co. will enlarge its
Saylorsburg, Pa., brick plant and will make building brick
and tiling. New capital has been taken into the company.

The Bagley-McDonnell Brick Co., Middletown, Ct., has
been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock, by E. S.
Bagley, J. J. McDonnell and Agnes McDonnell, of Meri-
den. j ,

The Wiley Clay Brick & Tile Co., of Wiley, Prowers
Co., Colo., has been incorporated with $25,000 capital
stock by H. O. Hainline, P. N. Schroeder and J. R. Pear¬
son.

The Toledo, Ohio, workhouse made 1,500,000 brick this
season that are selling at $6.50 per thousand. They are
now closed down until next season, with a fair stock on
hand.

1 he Gas Belt Brick Co., of Topeka, Kansas, has made
a contract with a fuel concern at Pawhuska, Okla., to
furnish their new plant there with fuel to make 100,000
brick daily.

The Washington Brick, Lime Mfg. Co. have begun the
erection of brick buildings to house their machinery at
their Freeman, Wash., plant. The old wooden structure
will be taken down.

The New Jersey Clay Products Co. is getting its Piscat-
away, N. J., plant in shape and within 6 months the plant
will represent an outlay of $125,000. Charles A. Bloom¬
field is the treasurer.

Calvin Britton owner of a brick plant at Mullikin, Mich.,
is examining the clay deposits about South Haven with
a view of removing his plant to that locality. No bonus
is asked either in cash or in a site.

Illinois Brick Co. stock was sold on the Chicago Stock
Exchange Oct. 28th, at 64^. This is the highest figure
that the stock has reached since the company was first
organized. A year ago it was quoted at 30.

The Morrison-Trammell Brick Co., Rome, Ga., is re¬
sisting the involuntary petition in bankruptcy filed sev¬
eral days ago, and have filed a $10,000 bond to protect the
creditors. The company claims it is solvent.

Thos. R. and Will R. Ellerbeck, of Salt Lake City, Utah,
have found a deposit of clay 35 miles west of Salt Lake
City that will make vitrified paving brick, etc. They ex¬
pect to work the property, or lease it to the Utah Fire
Clay Co., which they are the principal owners of.

The Excelsior Brick Co. and the Wisconsin Red
Pressed Brick Co., both of Menomonie, Wis., have closed
for the season after having made 6,000,000 and 5,085,000
brick respectively. Sixty-five men were employed at each
yard.

The plant of the Central Georgia Brick Co., at Macon,
Ga., which was destroyed by fire will be rebuilt at once.

The American Clay Co., Terre Haute, Ind., has re¬
sumed work after being shut down to put in new dry
pans and additional machinery.

M. Tippery has resigned as manager of the Gettysburg,
Pa., plant of the Auburn Shale Brick Co., and has returned
to Philadelphia where he will act as salesman for the com¬
pany. W. F. Oswald, secty. and treas. of the company,
is in charge of the Gettysburg plant.

FOR SALE

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE

Paper Jogger* quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White SU

No better made, cut trett
$8 and $10, to

4 Wheel. $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK. MICH

FOR SALE

One Four Mold Simpson Dry Press
One Fernholtz Pulverizer.

One 40 h. p. Engine and Boiler. Also shafting,
pulleys, etc. Have extra mold box for dry press.
Will sell all or any part of this machinery.

ED SHANNON.

Sliellsburg, Iowa

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Ret us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

A cenveniently located brick plant on the main
channel of the James River. 90 miles from Richmond.
18 miles to Newport News, and 40 miles to Norfolk,
all having a good steady market for brick. Easy
transportation for large boats. Want to see plant in
operation. Therefore would make very easy terms.
Address MRS. AGNES I,. TURNER,

P'erguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

Right and left-hand One, Two aud Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE

Sand-Lime Brick Plant in excellent condition!
making granite pressed facing brick and standard
grade of sterling quality, on four railroads, close
to large markets, good trade, unable to fill orders
now. A snap if taken at once. Write us.

Address "506” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

Operating continuosly since 1893 at Clay-
ville, Virginia, manufacturing the universally
known Powhatan Front Bricks. The entire
plant empracing 800 acres of land, employees’
buildings, store, good will, etc , is offered at
advantageous terms. Address,

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

FOR SALE

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 314 to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L. FINK,

Bricelyn, Minn.

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University _
Columbus, OhjQ

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Burn 99 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
618 14th St., N, E. Washington, D. C.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago. Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Address “SAND-LIME.”

Care of Clay Record, Chicago Ill.

WANTED

Adddress "MICHIGAN” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition. CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,
57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, Ind.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

A young or middle aged man, of habits, strictly
good, honest and reliable, one who is experienced
in the manufacture of clay products and also able
to handle correspondence" pertaining thereto, and
the use of machinery for the manufacture thereof,
for position in sales department of reliable mach¬
inery manufacturer. In reply to this advertisement
state salary that would be expected and give several
references as to ability and character. Address.

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, 111.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fireclay proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

“LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fire
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

To sell all or a two-thirds interest in an up-to-date
Brick Plant and Coal Mines, excellent shale for
street block. 12 feet of fire clay, two coal mines, both
operated with compressed air machine, with more
orders than can be taken care of. An excellent
proposition aud a money maker, good reason for
selling, Manager wants to go South. If interested
write to, “BERT” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

DRYER CARS

We have on hand a lot of second hand single and
double deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-l
condition. We offer them at a very low price for
quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

' Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new.
Made about 200,000 brick. Guarenteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO.,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio

FOR SALE

Brick Yard within easy hauling distance of
Chicago. 13 acres, well equipped plant. Would
lease or make good proposition to man to make
investment and run the plant. Address
FRANCIS LASLOW,

79 Walnut St., Oshkosh, Wis.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO..

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20.( 0 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

'NANSEN

PABRUZZ!

BEAT YOU TO IT ’

" DON’T QUARREL, BOYS:

■V -A>

f',// <5V* •• :; ' -I »

ANOTHER

American Triumph

The American Eagle Gets the Pole

All honor to a standard among Nations and a world
wide standard of machinery excellence

While Peary stops to argue and Cook stoops to cajole,

'The Eagle keeps on pressing brick'to pave clear to the pole

The American
the race to the

Eagle has Won
North Pole!

There are more Eagle Represses in operation today than there are all other Represses.
Were all the Eagle Represses, now in operation, set to work making pavers, they would in a
single season make enough brick to pave a roadway from the United States to the North Pole,
and it would be a good roadway too, because no repressed brick is superior to the brick made
on the Eagle

The Eagle Always Wins!

If you are interested in the best repressed brick possible and the best possible press to make
them on, you should know all about the Eagle. We will send you a full description for the
asking Our big catalogue tells all about our long line of machinery for making every class of
clay products by every known process. We make all this machinery in our own plants and can
guarantee every quality to be equal to that of the Eagle Repress. If you are interested in a
quality that will make repair bills the exception instead of the rule, you can save money by
installing the “Built Right, Run Right’’ line of Clay Working Machinery.

We build every machine and every appliance for making every class of clay products by
every process We can meet the exact needs of every olay worker without prejudice. If you
have a clay problem we can solve it for you. Correspondence solicited.

The American Clay

Bucyrus,

Machinery Company

Ohio, U. S. A.

Centrifugal Clay Screen

Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging perforations in the
plate.

Surrounding the vertical shaft is
a cast iron hopper or spout through
which the clay is fed on the screen
plate. This hopper can be raised or
lowered to regulate the flow of clay
on the screen. The hopper being al¬
ways full of clay keeps an even flow
to the screen. The screen as it re-
voles throws the clay from the center
to the outside of the screen plate, the
flow being even and regular. The
larger particles of clay, too large to
pass through the perforations, pass
over the screen plate to the outside
and fall through the outer housing
to a spout conveying them to the
grinding pan for regrinding. The
fine particles of clay sift through the
screen plate into the inner housings
or hopper and pass to a conveyor and
into a clay bin.

The whole operation is rapid and
thorough and the principle insures
great capacity and freedom from
troubles. Many of these screens have
been installed and are giving univer¬
sal satisfaction.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

Wet and Dry Pans

with our heavy, durable and
efficient machines.

The heavy side frames
are substantially tied to¬
gether at the top by the
cross beam, in the center by
tie bars and also on the floor
line. The shafting is large
and of steel. The gears are
of special design and excel¬
lent quality. The bearings
are long and well babitted.
The mullers are heavy,
adjustable and removable.
The screen plates are made
of special iron. The step is
of our approved type and
the complete pan is one that
can be depended upon under
more than ordinary circum¬
stances. All joints are care¬
fully machined and fitted
and bolts are made secure
by lock-nuts. The vertical
shaft and muller shafts are
secured by large removable
bearings, which make it pos¬
sible to remove any of these
shaftsor the mullers without

disturbing the balance of the pan. The gearing is kept to its full efficiency by our device for
taking up any possible wear, which insures a perfect mesh of teeth at all times.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CL-HY RECORD.

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER

PRESSURE. ^

40/ Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick
OFFICE; MONGER BLDG. Elkhart, Indiana

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

Pe.rt'str.et NEW YORK 'WT

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
'etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. _

C. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

1 ‘ fifth. BY "

Marion Machine foundry 5 SupplyCo.

Mil WON ; Ind.

Send for full descriptive
Circulars

New CLAY FEEDERS MIXfRS

Saves the labor of from 1 to 2 men in every factory, besides
mixing and feeding tbe clay evenly to tbe disintegrator
One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

SUMMITVILLE DRAIN TILE COMPANY
Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Erlewine, Secy, and Treas.,

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana
Dear Sir:

Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst., will state that the type "C
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is “making good” in
every way and is all you claim for it.

Since’ installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less, thereby reducing our weekly pay-roll (20.00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10$ decreased our power 10$, and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, you can easily see the great advantage we have
since installing the Feeder and Mixer.

Very truly yours,

Summitville Drain Tile Co., Per James F. Morris, Vice-Pres.

MARION MACHINE, FOUNDRY and SUPPLY CO., Marion, mu.

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

THIS wonderful
* pump does the work . .
of two men, at a ^
small fraction of |
their wages, and
without argument.

It will pay for it- _
self in a very short time. Think of the sav¬
ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can eflford
to be wiihout the marvelous

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to do its best — it can’t do
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honesty, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. (21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

CLHY RECORD.

Fire Brick=Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Co,

MEXICO, MISSOURI

Something New In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 1 4,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. VV. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va,

V*. I L

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

„„k

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,

1 ffnTfi 'iviin 1

(Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
r drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

€ i

nr#1

0. J. Childs Company

So,e Iltiro N Y

Manufacturers 11 • !•

Approved and Labeled

{

•

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30$ to 60# less 3peed, and 25$ to 50$ less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis. 36 LaSalle St.. Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.

Tindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS j

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES— Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14-^x
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13^x15 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9,!4xl2 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENG I N ES— Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.

& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Eire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,

12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical— 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,

5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex. * ■

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also fu 1 assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ' “Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURQ, PI.

BUILDER.S OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running
Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works

MASON CITY,

IOWA

“R CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS"

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr.

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va.

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You- We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

CLMY RECORD,

Masssive and •well proportioned.
Best material.

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mullers.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity JO to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.
<Built to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,
RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street

COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN CI.AY CRUSHER

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

OPUIIDC Perfected
OUnUllO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

ADJUSTABLE TIP

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. ( Patented. )

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Write Us

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

KTIIL.ES, OHIO

Price Right,

ALL STYLES

GLfliY RECORD.

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Kxcelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

HANDLE TOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

■

Type No. 0 Shovel — Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

. THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

OFFICE AND SHOPS 1335 SLOAN STREET •> «• > >• • «• CHICAGO

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

CLHY RECORD.

YARD SUPPLIES

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
THROUGHOUT

MODEL SAND DRYER

6UARANTEE

OUR

MACHINERY-

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

OF ILL KINDS

TRUCKS

WE RUILD CRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE "P” CRUSHER

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

q hkqhs- {uh<jo Kjfdd HOHjam {dcjo«{ %

THE

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

BRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699609
October 10, 1906. No. 95620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

. This Dryer, and the design in arranging it, are under the protection of the United States
Government by virtue of patents granted. Patents have also been taken out in all the
principal foreign countries. We are the sole owners and control these important
patents and have authorized NO ONE to manufacture or sell the “MARTIN

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOB SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

THE HENRY

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFC. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A

i UdOWQcjomUlH Q!z!H<|j>0] SdOM^F i

Good News For Tile Men

The Big Profits are in the Big Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL MILL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

No. 217-E

Electric Side Dump Car.

No. 145

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 -A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

CARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

►3 IN.

rsrrv «-■ ^ '

/•ip

Kfi

4'FT.

NO. 217-S

Either Side Rocker Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

,-Y**1*

NO. 128

!e Deck Car
iblc Iron Uprights. •

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry'Car.

tlas Car and Mfg

OlEVEUKD, OHIO

' ‘ f;

THE D156EMINA
®F ALL MATTERS

I PERTAiHinG

TQ THE

The Cleansing of Clay . 17

English Clay Industry Dull . 19

Building Regulations .... . 20

The Johnson Patent Non-Detachable and Folding Car Deck . . . 21

Employer's Liability Insurance in Brick Yards . 22

Iowa Brick & Tile Association Program at Des Moines, [an. 12, 13. 1910 23

Kansas Gas Belt Brickmakers Meet .... . 24

The American Pulverizer Company . ... 24

Clay Notes from the East .... . ... 25

Bangor Brick Company Enjoys Prosperous Season . 25

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer 26

Pacific Coast News Items . . . ... . . 27

Weaver Company Will Make Roofing Tile . . 27

Brick Yard Law Unconstitutional . . 28

Says Contract is in Restraint of Trade ... 28

Fire1 Fire!! Fire!!! . . 29

Prices to Rule Higher for Hudson River Brick ... ... 29

Plan Fire Brick Plant for Elgin . . . 29

Accidents, Damages and Losses ... ... 29

Tests Concrete Tile and Finds it is Not Up to the Standard .29

Company Doubles Capital Stock and Will Inprove Plant . 30

Ground to Pieces in Pug Mill . . . .... 30

The Minnesota Brick and Tile Company Starts on it's >200 000 Plant . 30
Alabama Rate Question up to Commission . . 30

Assessment Has Been Declared on Stock of the Chanute Cement and

Clay Products Company . . 31

Alabama Company Increases Capital and will Make Fire-Proofing . 31

Auto Kills Millionaire Brick Manufacture’s Wife in View of Hundreds 31
University of Kansas to Make Pottery .31

Terra Cotta Interests Receive Important Addition in the Federal Co. 32

Distantly Killed by Electric Shock . .32

Pottery News Items . ... .... 33

Bartlett Brick Company Sale
Miscellaneous Items

DAYTON O/i/O U.S.A.

The Raymond-Horton

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and all appurtenances will be manufac-

tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

We are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray-
mond-Horton line.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U S. A.

1—*./ i I A . V J_T v^\-/ 1\ t

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any o' her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

W 1 1)0 VVELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £» Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Eactories

90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

Been doing it 20 years.

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District

888B2888K8S8888888888888S888888

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Scott Manufacturing Co.

1815 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

ST. LOUIS - - MISSOURI

■*8888888888888888888888888888

THE BOYD BRICK PRES5

Built in Two, Four and Six=MoId Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd St White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Wold Sizes

. - .

FOUR - MOLD

ACME

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

CLKY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

, ■- • >- ■ . \ .

LIME

BRICKS

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design

CLAY RECORD.

/pjppjgai^B" I HgigBiBgiSi

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

i manufacturers of

I DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

CLKV RECORD

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur-
chased by the
United State* Gov¬
ernment for use In
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient! Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHY RECORD.

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

L M. fREESE & COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION - - - OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

HORIZONTU BrIgTmACHINE

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘ Built to "Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLAY RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy flachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa. Chicago, III.

DRAIN TILE MACHINES

Brewer Drain Tile Machines are both the
oldest and the newest. Many of them
built thirty years ago are still in satis¬
factory operation. But the Brewer Ma¬
chine of today is better. It weighs more,
is stronger, is of greater capacity. It em¬
bodies all the good points of the original,
and has added to it the developments of

Build

Three

Sizes

Machine No 10 A

forty yearsexperience ranging in capacity from 1000 4=m.

tile per hour up to all that can possibly be handled by any
present day method. They range in weight from 5500 to
10500 pounds. The upright portionsare cast in one piece

and machined totheframe. Theframeiscastinonepiece.

The knives are forged from hard, high=carbon steel.

The augers and casings are of white-iron. The cores of tile dies are held without
bridge or bracket, or anything which parts the clay as it is be g

shape. They make good tile where other machines fail

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications

ItS Good

yj ur - - - «

El. Brewer 6 Co.

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN

If Marked

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used with Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

■a 1

PJTk WL

ips

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

>> i ite to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Vol. XXXV. No. 9.

CHICAGO, NOVEMBER 15, 1909

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 per Tear
Single Copies, - 10 Cents

THE CLEANSING OF CLAY
By Richard Hoffmann, La Grange, Ill.

The result aimed at in the preparation of clay before it
goes to the different machines or molds in the manufac¬
ture of the various forms of ware, is to reduce tlffi mate¬
rial to a uniform and homogeneous mass. Although the
necessity of proper preparation of material is not as fully
realized by some clayworkers as should be the case, yet
it is realized by the best-informed manufacturers that one
of the chief secrets in the production of the highest qual¬
ity of ware is in the perfection of the processes employed
in making the material homogeneous.

The oldest method employed for obtaining a fairly
homogeneous clay, is by the process of weathering or ex¬
posing the material to the influence of frost, rain and
sun heat, through which agencies the material is disinte¬
grated into small particles, thus allowing a thorough mix¬
ing and tempering. By moistening the material with
water and further aging in soak-pits, permitting the ma¬
terial to “sour,” it can be still further improved according
to the ware for which the clay is to be used and ac¬
cording to the expenditure which can, at a profit, be in¬
curred. It is unreasonable to expect, however, that the
weathering process can be employed on yards where the
material must be handled in the most economical and ex¬
peditious manner.

In modern methods of the preparation of clay, various
forms of wet pans and dry pans are used, the particular
merits of which can be passed over in this article. Such
machines, if properly selected for the particular material
used, will give satisfactory service, but are not efficient in
clays which are very tough or which contain pyrites, or
with clays which are filled with limestone pebbles.

It has been found that neither the pit and the pugmill
(even if the latter is combined in use with a powerful
roller crusher), nor the pan with perforated bottom, nor
the machine with perforated roller, can accomplish the
desired result with certain clays, for the simple reason
that none -of them will eliminate lumps of fat clay or
pyrites, or limestone pebbles, all of which will pass to
the machines and ruin the ware. As is well known, the
loss from these causes on many yards in unsatisfactory or
ruined product, is very large, and manufacturers have
been for some time endeavoring to find a method «by which
they could avoid such loss.

One method of endeavoring to overcome these troubles
has been through the use of screens of various kinds.
To use the screen, the clay must be piled up, dried and

ground before it is passed through the screen, and the
size of the mesh of the screen determined after experi¬
ments as to what size of detrimental particles can be
safely allowed. It is evident that through this method,
although some of the impurities may be eliminated, many
of them will still exist in the clay, although in more
powdered form, and if too abundant will impair the ten¬
sile strength of the ware if in the form of lime, or de¬
stroy the refractory properties if in the form of pyrites.

Perhaps the most perfect method for removing such im¬
purities if they are not soluble in water, is by the wash¬
ing process, which, as everyone knows, is an expensive
and troublesome operation. This might be considered
the ideal process for every clayworker if it were adjust¬
able so that the degree of purification could be arranged
to suit the purpose required, or if the cost of the process
could be reduced. It can be said, however, that the wash¬
ing process does not tend to make the clay homogeneous,
but rather separates the various constituents into innum¬
erable layers, and after such process it is necessary that
additional mixing shall be employed to make the material
homogeneous.

To the foregoing methods, which either ground the
impurities to powder in order to render the same harm¬
less or which remove the same by washing and thus
prepare the green clay for further use, there has been
added in the last few years the Diesener process. This
process uses a machine called the Diesener clay-cleanser,
which prepares clay as it comes from the bank, makes it
homogeneous, and at the same time removes the impuri¬
ties if they are of larger size than the quality of the
goods permits.

In the use of the Diesener method, the clay may be
worked as it comes from the bank, without weathering,
and it does not matter if it be dry or wet. The clay is
first put through a pugmill to break it up, mix and water
it. From this pugmill, the pugged clay falls into the
hopper of an auger machine and comes out in the form of
a bar. This bar of clay, still containing all its impurities,
is then passed through the Diesener clay-cleanser, leaving
it in a pure and perfect condition for the purpose desired.
If the clay is very tough and impermeable to water, it
may be crushed through a roller-crusher before being sent
through the pugmill. The rolls of the crusher should be
set about 1 in. apart.

The pugmill may have one shaft and be 16 ft. long, or
have two shafts and a pugging-trough 6 ft. long. Either
one will do, the selection being made according to the
speed with which the clay slacks.

CL-7W RECORD.

It is very advisable to select the pugmill so that its
capacity is by 50 per cent greater than the capacity of the
clay-cleanser. In this case the clay is allowed to soak in
the pugging-trough for a longer time than if a smaller
pugmill were used. The better the pugging and soaking
are done, the greater the output will be under similar
conditions and the less power required to drive the clay-
cleanser.

I want to state right here, that the best way to prepare
clay for the Diesener clay-cleanser is by means of pug-
mills. The pugmill cuts the lumps; “opens" the clay and
accelerates the slacking, but leaves the impurities unhurt;
while mixing in a common wet-pan compresses the clay
and makes the clay-cleanser use more power for the same
output. It also crushes down the impurities and decreases
the efficiency of the clay-cleanser. For instance, instead
of removing a dozen pieces of pyrites the size of a wal¬
nut, it may now be necessary to remove a hundred frag¬
ments the size of a pea or less. As it is to be understood
that the whole clay has to go through one slot, one can
readily see that the fifty odd fragments of a stone 1 in.
in diameter, if laid in one line, may block five or ten times
one inch of the length of the slot.

The auger and pugmill may be combined. If we are
working a sandy clay, which slacks easily in water, a
combined brick-machine with medium pugging-trough
will do. For tough clays or a mixture of different kinds of
clay, a separate pugmill of generous capacity will give
better service.

As said above, the auger machine or auger pugmill
issues forth a bar of clay usually about 22x4 ins. This
should be preferably in stiff-mud condition, if the clay is
very plastic ; or in soft-mud condition if sandy.

The Diesener clay-cleanser operates as follows. The
bar of clay goes down an inclined plane and is pushed
against the rotary disk of the cleanser and “sucked” by it
through a slot (see sketch). The material of the disk
has a greater influence upon the efficiency of the machine,
as some iron alloys have been found to take a better
hold on the clay than others. At present an iron is used
that gives the best results on a number of various clays.
The width of the slot is within certain limits adjustable
by moving the slot-adjuster towards or away from the
disk. The width of the slot is governed by the size of the

impurities to be removed and by the percentage at which
they may occur in the crude clay.

As shown in the sketch, the stones are removed by a
stone-pusher or a knife, that reaches from underneath into
the slot. Consequently, the knife must be thinner than
the slot, and if a slot of 1-1 ( > in. is used the knife will
not be strong enough to remove a stone larger in diame¬
ter than about Yi or 1 in. Pebbles of larger size, however,
may be ejected or crushed before the pugging process by
a roller-crusher with the rolls set at Yi or % in. This
may be done if the total impurities in the clay amount to
only a few per cent, but if many pebbles are in the clay,
this crusher would decrease the output of the cleanser
too much. In this case it is more economical to use two

The Diesener Clay Cleanser in Operation.

Diesener machines in series, the first with a slot of ^4-in.
for removing the coarse stones, and the second with a slot
of 1-lG-in. for the smaller impurities.

It may be found sometimes, that a slot of 3-16-in. or
14-in. is sufficient to purify the clay, on account of its
being practically free from impurities of smaller size. The
advantage of using the wider slot and thus securing a
larger output, may more than compensate for the occa¬
sional loss of a brick spoiled by a particle of limestone
that has been allowed to remain in the clay.

While the lime pebbles may not do so much damage in
a brick, their occurrence in sewer pipe or terra cotta
might be seriously detrimental. Therefore, manufacturers
of clay goods of a better class cannot afford to jeopardize
their profits by taking chances, and must use a slot of
1-16-in.

As soon as the clay passes the slot, it drops in the shape
of shavings or snow flakes; or, if it is so wet as to stick
to the disk, it is thrown off by an attached scraper.

These clay-flakes show a remarkable phenomenon: It
is often that flakes having gone through a 1-16-in. slot
“saa ell” so much as to make it appear that the slot is as
wide as 3-16 in. The Diesener clay-cleanser therefore
tends to make the clay “long” and more plastic than it
was before.

From the Diesener machine, the clay goes either into
the hopper of the press or into the auger of a second Dies¬
ener cleanser.

A complete outfit for preparing and purifying the clay
according to Diesener’s method will have to be selected
according to the clay and the character of the goods, and
might consist of the following combinations :

1. One auger machine and one Diesener clay-cleanser,
for a clay which slacks easily and which will be suffi-

CLHY RECORD

ciently purified by passing a slot 3-16 or *4 ins.

2. One auger pugmill and one Diesener clay-cleanser
for a tougher clay; slot the same (about 3-16 or *4 ins.).

3. A roller-crusher, rolls set apart % in. ; an auger
pugmill and Diesener clay-cleanser, for clay containing
only a few per cent of impurities, these being more than
i/g in. smallest diameter ; slot adjusted % in.

4. One auger pugmill with Diesener clay-cleanser hav¬
ing a slot ^4 in. ; and another auger with Diesener ma¬
chine having a slot of 1-16 or 3-64 ins.

The last arrangement will prepare almost any clay with
an average amount of dirt. It is seldom that conditions
make advisable the use of more than two Diesener ma¬
chines in series.

There is scarcely one phase in the process of manu¬
facturing better clay goods, which deserves more atten¬
tion on the part of the works manager, than the manner
in which the crude material is prepared. It is here that
the Diesener clay-cleanser will yield savings ; not only
considered for itself in comparison with other preparatory
machinery, but because it will eliminate troubles along
the whole process. For example, by preventing the pres¬
ence of the stone, it has also prevented the blocking of
the die ; the breaking of the wires of the cutter : the crack¬
ing of the goods in the drier, or their exploding in the
kiln. Laminations are absent in clay that has passed a
slot of 1-16 in. The Diesener process facilitates the dry¬
ing of clays, which otherwise prepared, dry very slowly.

The Diesener clay-cleanser not only equals the wet-pan
in the thoroughness of mixing, but in addition it purifies
the material. While the pan works intermittently and re-

Diesener Cleanser at a New Jersey Plant.

This Machine, Under Test, Purified Clay at the Rate of io Tons
Per Hour Through a Slot of 1/16 inch.

quires from two to three men to operate it, the Diesener
clav-cleanser works automatically and continuously. Since
it has been admitted by more than one irate manager, that
his pans do not smash the gravel or lime or pyrites peb¬
bles to a smaller size than W in., one Diesener clay-clean¬
ser working with 14-in. slot would prepare as much as
three pans of 9-ft. size and save three times over the ser¬
vices of two or three men; and instead of requiring 25 to
40 h. p. for each of the three pans, it will require only
from 6 to 12 h. p. for the cleanser itself, to which must be
added from 15 to 25 h. p. for the auger pugmill. Last but
not least: It will actually remove the dirt instead ot
merely pulverizing it.

Compared with the washing process, the Diesener clay-
cleanser method reaches a degree of purification that
would suffice under many circumstances even for the

manufacturer of earthenware, stone-ware, or paving tile.
For these clay goods it would be necessary to use an
outfit as specified under No. 4. This outfit would give
from about 100 to 150 or more tons per day of 10 hours,
if operated with a slot of 1-16 in., or about 60 to 90 tons,
if operated with a 3-64 in. This outfit, of course, could
not remove every small bit of a pyrite, but a pyrite that
passed through a slot of 1-16 or 3-64 ins. would scarcely
be able to do any harm.

But then the Diesener clay-cleanser would leave in the
clay all the valuable ingredients, — the sands of quartz or
feldspar, which give the “backbone” to the goods and
which, once separated from the clay, must be mixed into
it at great expense, but nevertheless rather imperfectly.

Figured on the output, the installment, as well as the
operating expense of the Diesener method, could be com¬
pared very favorably with the washing outfit, as the only
expense which the Diesener clay-cleanser involves is a
trifling one for the knives, which on no account would
reach the cost of the filter-cloth.

The Diesener clay-cleanser requires no more oil than
any other brick machine. The above-mentioned knives
can be made of hoop-iron, and the disk has to be faced
one or two times a year. While in some places the disk
lasted only three years, there are other factories where
they estimate that they will use the same disk for eight
or ten years.. An automatic facing equipment accom¬
panies every first machine.

The results which has been obtained in some of the
most famous factories in Europe entitle the inventor, Mr.
H. Diesener, to claim for his method, that on plastic
surface clays not only does the Diesener clay-cleanser
show a marked saving over other processes in operating
expenses, but, as compared with any installation that will
do the same work and at the same rate and to the same
degree of perfection, the Diesener clay-cleanser has the
lowest first cost as well.

ENGLISH CLAY INDUSTRY DULL.

Consul Frederick I. Bright, of Huddersfield, cites the
following as indicative of the conditions in certain clay¬
working industries of England.

British official returns for 1908 show 816 failures in the
building trades, with a total liability of $3,836,539. In
the grocery and provisions trades only were there as
many failures, but the liabilities were smaller, amount¬
ing to $2,928,445.

At a recent meeting of a large clay-working company,
owning a branch establishment at Huddersfield and man¬
ufacturing products for use in the building trades, such
as bricks" “pipings,” baths, and other sanitary supplies,
the following facts were made public: During recent
years there has been a gradual decline in the company s
business. In the last "six years production decreased
£150,000 ($729,9.75) and was, during the last 12 months,
£200, 000\$973, 300) less than in the company’s most pros¬
perous year. During the same period the annual wor-
ing expenses had been reduced about £10,000 ($L,665),
Notwithstanding the fact that the home trade was well
organized to prevent competition, selling prices had gra
ually fallen, and in one line were 20 per cent lower than
in 1903. The only branch which gave, satisfactory, re¬
sults was furnace linings and similar articles for the iron
and steel trades. Trades with a few foreign countries
was fairly good, but the home and colonial markets were
very depressed.

It is estimated that not more than 50 per cent of the
productive power of this industry for the entire country
is employed today.

CLHV RECORD.

BUILDING REGULATIONS
By F. W. Fitzpatrick*

Hundreds of cities are now revising their building reg¬
ulations, or writing new ones, or have just put amended
ones into force. It is well. It shows that the great fires
of the past few years have not been wholly unfruitful
lessons. Our people are awakened to a realization that
something must be done. They are tired of having their
lives and property constantly in great peril, and the while
paying out nearly $300,000,000 a year for fire department
and private protection and $200,000,000 a year to the
insurance companies in premiums, while over $215,000,000
of property goes up in smoke every year ! They realize,
too, that prevention is what is necessary. But they are
afraid to apply it thoroughly and completely. They go
at the building regulations in a half-hearted way and seek
not to devise and apply what is really needed, what is
necessary, but merely what “the people will stand ford’

That is the ridiculous phase of it. No sooner is it sug¬
gested that better buildings will be required than there
is a great howl, people declare the cost of building will be
excessive, improvements cannot be made, it will be a
hardship upon the poor man and all that sort of thing,
which, in plain language, is pure rot. There has always
been opposition to progress, the locomotive and the auto¬
mobile were fought by the horse-dealers, telegraph and
telephone were opposed. So with better building, it is
opposed by the shysters who profit by poor building, the
speculative builders, the jerrymen who build just so that
a house stands up until they can sell it, and they have
been shrewd enough to make the people generally be¬
lieve that safe, reasonable building regulations were really
burdensome !

Perfect building is absolute economy ; good building
is sensible and shoddy construction is positive extrava¬
gance. That basic fact must be remembered in devising
regulations. A city full of good buildings means lessened
maintenance cost, for each owner, fewer repairs, a longer
life for the buildings, (and in consequence lower rents
would obtain) much less expense for fire departments and
water protection and the very minimum of insurance
rates and premiums, safety of life and property. It would
mean millions upon millions of dollars saved and & great
municipal problem solved. People should clamor for
the most exacting requirements ; on the contrary, they
have been lied to and deceived until they really believe
that the half-way measures we do apply are too severe.
And our cities have been so “considerate” of the shyster-
builders and have made so few exactions that until very
recently people have been allowed to build just as they
pleased- — and, strange, but they have usually “pleased” to
build only as well as the laws compelled them to — with
the result that our cities are filled with tinder-boxes and
fire-traps, and every year or two, a third or a half or a
quarter of some city or other is entirely destroyed and
day after day individual fires occur that wipe out nearly
$1,000,000 of property at one fell swoop, not to mention
that 2,000 or 3,000 lives are destroyed every year and over
30,000 lives imperilled every day. It is rank idiocy, imbe¬
cility, worse, it is a shame and a crime !

Spite of this senseless opposition on the part of the un¬
initiated — an opposition that can only originate with and
is abetted by the worst type of shyster-builder — our build¬
ing departments must valiantly fight for the most strin¬
gent building regulations. In that way lies safety and
real progress for our cities.

A first class city can only be an aggregation of first
class buildings. Therefore in at least the congested dis-

*Execntive officer of the International Society of State and Municipal Build¬
ing Commissioners and Inspectors, Washington, D. C.

tricts only perfect construction can be tolerated, the com¬
plete and total elimination of the combustible in building
materials. More than that, materials that are incombusti¬
ble but nevertheless damagable by fire must be protected
from fire. Not a particle of structural steel must be left
exposed, nor should structural concrete be left exposed.
1 hat is, in reinforced concrete construction there should
be not only enough concrete used to carry the load but an
additional two inches or so of concrete should be added to
protect that structural portion from damage by fire. The
stories must be closed off one from the other, and even
each story should be subdivided to make as small units
of space as practicable in which fire may originate. Win¬
dows must be protected.

I contend that if perfectly built and with the necessary
fire-fighting appliances individually installed, buildings
may be built as high as owners desire, provided that the
streets be not deprived of sunlight and air. This may be
accomplished by stepping buildings back, so many stories
on street line, so many stories above that to be built back
so many feet from front, and so on, up as high as one
wishes.

All buildings, new and old, of public or semi-public
nature should be conspicuously and officially labeled, just
what classes they belong to, “First Class,” “Second
t lass,” “Dangerous,” etc. That will keep the building
depai tment aleit in properly classifying the buildings and
will keep owners from falsely claiming that their inferior
and dangerous buildings are “fire-proof.”

I hen the department should make everv effort to have
the tax system so amended that there will be a scale of
lates rather than a flat rate. The owner of a first class
building requiring the minimum of fire protection and
expense on the part of the city, should pay a lower
late of taxes than the owner of the fire trap for whose
benefit and protection, and the protection of the neighbor-
ing property he endangers, the expensive fire departments
have to be maintained. That man should pay the maxi¬
mum late of tax. Further the building departments
should try to influence the insurance companies to create
the “neighboring-risk” that exists in most European
cities, whereby the individual becomes amenable for the
damage done to other than his property through his neg¬
lect or carelessness. In other words, if fire extends be¬
yond a man’s own premises, he would get but part of his
insurance. In Europe this works to a charm, people
become most careful where they deposit ashes and waste
paper and cotton waste, and all those fire breeding things
aie kept in fire-proof receptacles. It makes a man care¬
ful. We need it, for our Americans are proverbially
and actually the most careless people on earth. Many
people will clamor for as restricted fire limits as possi¬
ble; the building departments should clamor for as wide
limits . as possible. That is wise provision, real con-
sei vatism. It is only a question of a few years when
the existing fire limits of any city have to be extended.
Then they take in all the second class buildings per¬
mitted undei the old regulations, these old ones endan¬
ger the new buildings, and the latter have to be
superlatively well built to withstand the adjacent fires
that are sure to rage all about them in the old buildings.

\\ e must all realize that, with as rapidly growing a pop¬
ulation as ours is, the town of today is the city of tomor-
i ow. . Every one of our cities is now suffering from an
inheritance of fire traps handed down by previous genera¬
tions. The city that would make its fire limits compre¬
hend all of its corporate extent would indeed be a sensible
city, a really first class city. But it is hardly to be expected
that any one of them would show that much intelligence
all at once, therefore it is up to the building department

to get the next best thing by having the fire limits, the
area of first-class buildings, take in just as much territory
as possible.

It is most desirable that there be uniformity in our
building regulations. Note the troubles and complica¬
tions that arise from having a different divorce law, for
example, in every state. So with building, similarity,
uniformity of regulations would be a Godsend. There¬
fore, I most urgently advise all building departments to
nse the Underwriters’ Code as a model whenever new
regulations or amendments are in order, use their defini¬
tions, terms, standards. Indeed, it would be infinitely
better if all our cities would adopt that code as a whole,
making only such changes as local conditions necessitate,
rather than to feel obliged to get a brand new one in each
case, and as often as not devised, not by the building de¬
partment, but by a commission, composed of men perhaps
acquainted with some phase or other of building, but lack¬
ing sadly in experience and expert knowledge of the whole
problem and probably never having had a thing to do with
building requirements. — From The American Contractor.

THE JOHNSON PATENT NON-DETACHABLE
AND FOLDING CAR DECK

One of the latest and most- important labor-saving de¬
vices which can be used on a brick yard or tile yard, is the
Johnson patent non-detachable and folding deck for dryer
cars, which has been patented by Charles H. Johnson,
1824 Greenleaf Street, Chicago. He has been a brick
manufacturer for many years and at the present time is
engaged as Superintendent of one of the most successful
and most economically run yards in Cook County.

The Johnson Deck Opened to One Side Ready to Load Bottom Deck

The Johnson patent folding deck is adapted for and can
be placed upon any style of dryer car now upon the market.
They are so constructed that they are at all times in posi¬
tion and can be folded at either side or center at will.
The decks cannot be removed from the cars so that em¬
ployes cannot make gates, fences, etc., out of them when
not in use. They are always just where they are wanted.
The first cost is somewhat more than the regular or ordi¬
nary deck that is generally furnished with cars but before
the year is out they cost considerable less as there is no
repairing and charges for maintenance.

In loading the cars the Johnson deck is folded on the
opposite side, as is shown in the first illustration. After
the first deck is loaded all that is necessary is for the em¬
ploye to pull the next deck toward him and the deck falls
into position, always in the same place, no arranging

same on account of being too far to the front or back or
bruising of fingers or head or breaking of decks. After
the deck is filled the third deck is operated in the same
manner. The double deck car is usually used for bricks,
while the triple deck is used for tile and all kinds of
hollow ware.

In setting brick or tile in permanent kilns the Johnson
decks are double the value of the ordinary deck as the
deck can be raised in the center and the setters can unload
the cars from both sides or with two qanq-s without the
removal of the deck from the car.

The second illustration shows the underside of a deck.
You will notice that it is hinged in the center and is so
constructed that it cannot very well wear out and it is not
possible to be taken from the car. They can be made of

The Under Side of a Johnson Deck Showing the Mechanism

wood, steel or galvanized iron, as desired, in any style,
from six to nine slats, according to the size of the car, and
the mechanism can be made of malleable iron or drop
forgings.

By looking at the illustrations any practical man can
permanent attachment to any car, but to be fully appre¬
ciated they have to be used. They should by ordinary
care pay for their cost in one season. By using good
material these decks should last for years without a dollar
of renairs.

The National Brick Company of Chicago, have three
large yards and have 800 Johnson deck cars in each of
them, which they have been using for eighteen months
and during this time they have been used without a repair
expense ; before installing them it cost the company
twelve dollars a day to repair and maintain the old decks.

Mr. B. F. Weber, the president of the National Brick Co.
says: “That the Johnson decks have been in use by their
company nearly two years with very satisfactory results,
the expense for repairs being nothing, that they are a
great convenience to the men handling them and we con¬
sider the deck a labor saving device.”

One can purchase the Johnson decks, or the irons for
them so one can make the decks at home, or yard rights
are for sale. If interested in them write direct to Charles
H. Johnson, 1924 Greenleaf Street, Chicago, Illinois.

EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY INSURANCE IN BRICK

YARDS.*

By F. E. Delaney, Resident Manager, Fidelity & Casualty
Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

Perhaps no subject of recent times has created a more
widespread interest than Employers’ Liability Insurance.
In a paper of this kind it will be impossible to present the
many varied phases of this question, the legislation it
has given rise to and the good and evil it has been respon¬
sible for. In the brief time allotted to me I shall confine
myself to a general discussion of this question without
making any attempt to go into details. No business man
of the present time can doubt the advisability of carrying
insurance. It has becdme a necessity. With the ever
increasing hazard incidental to every business, where one
unavoidable accident may mean the loss of thousands of
dollars and where one large verdict may mean the wreck¬
ing of some small manufacturing company, the need of
liability insurance is unquestioned. The protection
against legal liability to employees in the event of acci¬
dent is popularly denominated Employers’ Liability In¬
surance. The employer very naturally wishes to relieve
himself of the responsibility and this desire gave birth
to a branch of insurance seeking to protect the employer
from the liability imposed by law.

I. may with frankness admit that this branch of insur¬
ance has not accomplished all we had hoped for. Where
an employee has knowledge of the fact that his employer
carries liability insurance, he often mistakes this for work¬
men’s benefit insurance and when injured files a claim
for his loss of time, doctor’s bill, etc., and when payment
is not forthcoming, because of non-liability, he becomes
disgruntled, is likely to go to an attorney handling such
cases upon a contingent fee, and as a result the employer
although not damaged in money, because of the fact that
the insuring company indemnifies him against loss, is
nevertheless put to much annoyance by reason of such
trusted employee meets with an accident and his em¬
ployer feels morally, although not legally, responsible for
his condition and wants to assist him.

The employer often urges the insurance company to
stand the loss, while on the other hand the liability com¬
pany looks at the legal side of the question and, there
being no legal liability imposed by law, very properly re¬
fuses to pay the claim, preferring to defend in the event
of litigation.

The employer looks at the question from a humane
standpoint; the insurance company from a business and
legal standpoint. I might go on and cite many illustra¬
tions of the good and evil incidental to this branch of in-
surance, but after all is said and done, we must look at
this question from the humane standpoint and in the in¬
terest of both employer and employee. Some means must
be provided to protect both alike from loss from accidents
incidental to the operation of a modern business in this
work-a-day twentieth century. I am not a lawyer and do
not profess to understand the legal principles upon which
this liability imposed by law is founded, but from my own
observation and, study of the question, it seems to me that
we are working upon the wrong system. This liability
imposed by law is based upon a breach of duty — in other
words, negligence. If the employer would escape liability
he must do certain things that he may not be at fault. He
must provide his employees with a reasonably safe place
to work ; with reasonably safe appliances with which to
work; and must exercise ordinary care in choosing fel¬
low workmen for his employees. In the doing of all of
these things he must, as I say, exercise ordinary care. LTe
must promulgate rules, make repairs and inspections,

*Rcad at the last Meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers Association,
held at Milwaukee.

and he must use reasonable care to warn his employees of
danger. If the master has breached his duty in any of
these particulars, he is guilty of negligence and is liable
to his employee in damages. Statistics show that 15 to
20 per cent, of the accidents in manufacturing plants are
due to the fault of the employer. The burden, however,
is upon the employee to prove a breach of duty and if it
appears that the employee has not done what a reasonable
prudent man would have done under the circumstances,
then the law says that he has failed to exercise ordinary
care and no recovery can be had. Slight negligence will
defeat his recovery. Statistics again show that about 20
to 25 per cent, of the accidents are due to the fault of the
employee. Who then is responsible for the 55 per cent,
of the accidents not thus accounted for? This 55 per cent,
cannot be attributed to the employer or employee, but are
classed as the necessary risks incidental to the conduct of
the business; and these are the risks which the law says
are assumed by the employee as being incident to the bus¬
iness and for which no recovery in damages can be had.
In other words, about 80 per cent of the entire risk is
placed upon the employee and about 20 upon the em¬
ployer. This is not the fault of Employers’ Liability In¬
surance companies, but is the fault of the law, and the
system under which we are working. Why should the
man who can least afford it be obliged to stand the greater
burden? It seems unjust and any man who has good red
blood running in his veins will agree with me that if this
“brotherhood of man" means for anything, it is high time
that something should be done to remedy this evil. We
have outgrown this law of negligence. We have not kept
apace with the times and we seem to have forgotten that
conditions are different now than they were when these
principles laid down in the law of negligence were logi¬
cal and just.

With the complicated machinery now in use, the high
speed instrumentalities and the ever-increasing demands
upon employer and employee, something must be done 'to
alleviate the present situation. It is true that many of our
legislatures have attempted to equalize the burden by
placing greater restrictions upon the master and as a re¬
sult we see our child labor laws, our abolition of the fellow-
servant rule in some of our states, our factory acts, ourlaws
compelling the employer to guard certain instrumental¬
ities, our laws abolishing the defense of the assumption of
risk, where the statute has been violated, and many other
well-meaning laws, which I will not mention. But even
in spite of this legislation we must still come to the con¬
clusion that the system is wrong and something ought to
be done to remedy it. The ever recurring question is pre¬
sented when this subject is up for discussion — who ought
to bear the burden ? There can be but one answer to the
question. In the interest of humanity and common de¬
cency and justice, this burden ought to be borne by the
general public. AVe reap directly and indirectly the bene¬
fits of both labor and capital ; the public demands efficient
labor and efficient labor can be acquired only through
capital invested. Labor and capital go hand in hand, and
the benefits and enjoyments which they confer are reaped
by the general public. I am not enough of a lawyer to
point out to you clearly how this can be accomplished ;
the idea which I contend for has been worked in other
countries, a system has been adopted in England and if
you will pardon a quotation, I will read a short extract
from a speech of Prof. Lorenz bearing upon this subject.

“England is of practical interest to us, because our in¬
stitutions were derived to a large extent from England.
Our common laws is, of course, practically the common
law of England, and the course of development which
England went through was very similar to the course of

CLAY RECORD.

development which we find now in this country ; that is,
the original common law was modified from time to time
by statutes which sought to impose upon the employer
these duties and always, however, by retaining the idea
that in some way or other employer was to be punished
by a damage suit ; it not having occurred to the legislators
sufficiently that, after all, there was no real ground of an¬
tagonism here. It was not at all a class question ; it was
simply a question of adjusting the expenditures to which
employers were put anyhow, in a more rational manner.
Consequently in 1897 they took a step away from the old
law of negligence and simply said : The employer is to
pay a certain expense; we will make that definite. We
will put into the law that every time an accident happens
the employer shall, without any lawsuit, regardless of the
negligence of the employee — for it is difficult to determine
where negligence lies — the employer shall pay a definite
sum specified in the law, moderate in amount. The em¬
ployer, of course, could then go to the insurance company
and ask them to protect him against this liability ; so that
he knows definitely what his expense is going to be : and
since the law limits the damages to a reasonable amount
the expense is not a heavy burden.

Systems Tried in England.

The employers of England have not complained par¬
ticularly about the burden of this system. They simply
pointed' out that it is desirable to have it definite in all re¬
spects. England adopted that method in 1897. The scale
of payments at that time was that the employee should
receive one-half of his wages during incapacity, after the
second week ; they paying nothing the first two weeks.
Or in case of death he should receive three times his an¬
nual earnings, the sum being limited to $1,500 practically.
The employee according to this scheme was still permit¬
ted, if he choose, to bring a damage suit, but as a practical
matter of fact to a very large extent they have chosen to
accept the more definite compensation established by law,
and the employer pays no attention to these various kinds
of liability, because insurance company takes care of that.
His policy reads that in consideration of the premium the
insurance company will hold the employer free from dam¬
ages, whether a suit be brought against him undei the
“Fatal Accidents Act” of 1846, or the Employers’ Liabil¬
ity of 1880, or the common law, or under the “Compensa¬
tion Act,” which are all covered by a single policy, and
he has his definite expense before him for it. Ihat, you
see, may be called a system of compulsory liability, with
the option of insurance on the part of the employer.

Systems in Other Countries.

France has a similar system; so has Italy. Germany
has a somewhat different system. Germany also has a
system which is obligatory upon the employer, but it is
more in the form of insurance. The employer is not left
entirely alone to say how he will insure himself, as in
England ; but the government has said that every em¬
ployer in a dangerous industry shall join an association
of employers. They shall get together and make an ange
ments for collecting the premiums, which are graded ac¬
cording to the risks of the business, and according to the
amount of wages paid ; and then this sum is to be distnb-
uted through the postoffice, according to the scale of bene¬
fits which is specified by law. In Germany they pay as
much as two-thirds of the wages if incapacity is complete,
or thev may pay to the widow a pension instead of a lump
sum. That, by the way, is one feature which is of special
interest, I think, to the people of the state of \\ isconsin,
for one’ of the evils which lawyers have pointed out a
great many times is that when they secure damages for a
workingman the lump sum which they secure is often ot

not very great benefit because the workingman hasn't the
business experience to handle a large sum of money. If
you organize a system of industrial insurance it would be
desirable to include in it some method of paying an in¬
come — which would not increase the cost, because the ac¬
tuaries figure that out as .well as the cost of a lump sum
— an income for a period of time instead of one payment
at the beginning.

Whether such a system as has been adopted in these
countries would be held constitutional under our system
of government is a question for the lawyers and not for
the insurance men. It seems to me, however, that some
system could be and ought to be devised to take the place
of our present antiquated system. Many of our states are
interested in this question and have taken active steps for
the purpose of promoting legislation along the lines
adopted in foreign countries. Connecticut appointed a
committee in the year 1907 to investigate and report con¬
cerning legislation to regulate the liability of employers.
This committee has been continued in office and is at the
present time engaged in drafting a bill to cover this ques¬
tion of compensation to employees.

In 1907 Illinois attempted to pass an act to facilitate
the insurance of employees against the consequences of
accidents resulting in personal injury or death and to per¬
mit agreements between employers and employees with
reference to said accidents.

In Wisconsin at the present time I •am informed that
a bill is to be introduced in the legislature looking
towards the appointment of a commission for the purpose
of giving a careful study to this question with a view to
drafting a proper bill. I am also informed that the work¬
ingmen of the city, through Mr. Weber, have drafted a bill
similar to that of the Englishmen’s Compensation Act
and hope to have same introduced at this present session
of the legislature.

Until something can be done along; these lines it seems
to me that the employer ought to carry workmen s col¬
lective accident insurance as well as liability insurance.

I thank you for your attention and for the honor you
have conferred upon me in permitting me to read thi>
paper before your association.

IOWA BRICK & TILE ASSOCIATION PROGRAM
AT DES MOINES, JAN. 12, 13, 1910

1. Iowa Freight Rates on Clay Products.

2. How to Promote the Building of Clay Fireproofed

Dwellings.

3. The Greatness of Iowa’s Drainage Field.

4. Some Practical Experience in Drying Brick and

Tile. . . , T

5. Resources of and Future Possibilities of the Iowa

Clay Products Market. .

6. Organization of Factory Production. 1 he Economy

Effected in Confining Plant to One Product.

* 7. Does Association offer any Benefits in the Establish¬
ment of a Purchasing Agency? .

8. Recent Tests of Clay Products. Iowa State Uni¬
versity.

9 Progress in Burning Clay Products.

10. Some of the Difficulties Met With in a Medium
Sized Plant and How They are Overcome.

11. Determination of Cost of Clay Products of ind¬

ent Sizes and Weights and its Importance in the Regula¬
tion of Selling Prices. ... ,

12. Questions — Members are invited to correspona

with the Secretary, enclosing questions which they would
like to have discussed. It will be arranged to have same
answered, at the convention, by competent men.

KANSAS GAS BELT BRICKMAKERS MEET

The brickmakers of the Kansas gas belt met once more
at the Carl-Leon hotel last evening for another conference
on the brick situation. The factories of the region were
pretty well represented. These meetings are held about
every two or three months, as occasion seems to demand.
They are of a double nature, social and business. The
representatives of the different factories get together and
talk over matters of interest in their business. In this
way all the factories keep in touch with what is going on
over the brick producing field.

One of the men in last night’s conference, caught in a
garrulous and unsuspecting mood by a calculating re¬
porter, vouchsafed a little information along reminiscent
and comparative lines that throws quite a light on the
brick situation in the Kansas gas belt today. Accord¬
ing to the unsuspecting brick man who told the tale
over a good cigar and in a friendly mood, the present
situation is something as follows : '

“At one time there were thirty-nine brick plants in the
Kansas gas belt ; now there are fourteen. The reason ?
Cheap gas ? Now that sounds foolish to the average per¬
son who holds to the idea that cheap gas means cheaper
production and a correspondingly higher profit to the
brick makers. i hat’s what many of the brickmakers
thought at first. Because of this reason they over¬
flowed into this field with the precipitancy of a small sized
avalanche and began to build plants everywhere they
found enough shale to make mud pies out of, without first
indulging in a little, quite necessary bore drilling, whereby
they might have found how much shale they were tack¬
ling and the quality of it. Then when the real competi¬
tion between plants began, it was a matter of a very
few car loads to some of these manufacturers — when thev
woke up. That is but one reason why so many plants
have gone broke.

“So many thought that the cheap gas would allow all
the manufacturers to make enough money to paper the
garage walls with golden eagles ; they failed to bank on
human nature and see that competition must inevitably
come, no matter what the cost of production.

“A lien the grind really did come, and it was not slow
in arriving, these over-optimistic ones found that they
were unprepared to make a winning fight against the
men who had foreseen the competitive pinch and who had
planned their actions to that end. Cheap gas brought
nothing to the brick maker; he merely scraped that much
off the price of his output, however, unwilling the people
may be to believe it, they got the benefit of cheap gas
while the war of the producer went on at just a few cents
over the cost of production. It was merely another case
of the ‘survival of the fittest’ and the fourteen plants
that remain in the Kansas gas belt today were those whose
owners had ‘looked ahead.’

“Everybody used to think that you could make brick
out of any Kansas shale ; so you can — common brick.
But people who subscribe brick factory stock are not al¬
ways discriminating. It was this human characteristic
which caused Adrian, Michigan parties to put up the
funds with which the Yoke plant at Coffeyville was
launched. It is said that, when Mr. Yoke was promoting
this plant, he claimed to have orders for fifty million brick
on his books ; but when the plant was built it was operated
at a loss for some time and then the stock holders put in
more money; over a hundred thousand dollars being
sunk in all.

“A great many outside investors have put money into
Kansas brick plants even Canada has been a contribute
in the plant at Leroy, Kansas.

“One peculiar fact about the Kansas gas belt plants

is this: Nearly every one of them was built with the
idea in mind of making vitrified paving brick. These
dreams were not realized and today there are but three
concerns in Kansas putting out a product that will stand
the test of a standard paving brick. Hundreds of thou¬
sands of, dollars have been put into expensive kiln and
manufacturing materials in the Kansas gas belt, only to
find, after it is too late, that they are incapable of making
a standard paver.

“A number of plants are now using oil for fuel; the
gas has played out in their vicinity and they must resort
to something more expensive with which to manufacture
their brick. This will, of course, make their product
higher in price. It will also curtail sales, as the brick
cannot be shipped long distances and then go into com¬
petition with factories they find at the end of the route.”
— Independent Reporter, Nov. 11, 1909.

THE AMERICAN PULVERIZER COMPANY

The American Pulverizer Company of St. Louis, Mo.,
has fulfilled its promises in every particular and is pro¬
ceeding along lines of conservatism, and in their Ameri¬
can Ring-Hammer Pulverizer have a machine so full of
rugged merits that recognition on the part of the public
has extended to such a successful degree that the com¬
pany has found itself compelled to broaden its plans and
increase its manufacturing facilities.

A testing plant, equipped with a 100-h.p. engine and
full size pulverizers, has been erected adjoining their man¬
ufacturing plant, for the purpose of pulverizing1 any
materials sent the company bv any prospective purchaser
readily see their advantages. They make a neat and
as a test of the merits of the American Pulverizer, same
free of cost.

The company manufacture a Revolving Piano-Wire
Screen that is attracting a great deal of attention. This
screen is unlike any other on the market and has proven
a great success. Its cylindrical portions, combined with
its extended length, give it excessive screening surface,
hence excessive screening capacity. It is equally efficient
in shale screening or stone screening.

Another feature of the company’s products is looming
into prominence — this is the American Air Separator.
The air separator is made exclusively to connect with the
American Ring-Hammer Pulverizer, when it is desired to
pulverize resistible or refractory materials to impalpa¬
ble powder, even to 100% through a 200-mesh screen.

A test was recently made in pulverizing whole bricks
to 200-mesh fine, in one operation, in the presence of a
large party, and was pronounced a feat without compari¬
son, either as to kind and size of material, tonnage per
hour and screen mesh fineness.

The company is composed of substantial St. Louis busi¬
ness men — men rated high in their several vocations and
given to an order of dealing that merits the public’s con¬
fidence.

Mr. Paul Griesedieck, president of the Griesedieck Malt¬
ing Co., is president of the American Pulverizer Co. ; Mr.
E. H. Elzemeyer, a retired breweryman, is Treasurer ;
Mr. Fred Herbert of Herkert-Meisel Trunk Co., is Vice-
President and Geo. C. Yidetto is Secretary and General
Manager.

Mr. Videtto is thoroughly familiar with the necessities
of a brick plant, having been a brick manufacturer as
well as portland cement manufacturer, hence broadlv in¬
formed as to all makes of pulverizing machinery and their
uses.

Mr. Videtto is a born Pennsylvanian, a college and law
graduate and has traveled, in a business capacity, most of
the countries of two hemispheres.

clay keco RD.

CLAY NOTES FROM THE EAST.

Brick making in the Eastern part of the country is
about over, after one of the most successful seasons of a
decade. Not only has the weather been exceptionally
good all through the season, but the demand for brick
of all grades has been well maintained and the quantity
left at the close is comparatively light, when considered
with reference to the supplies left over some previous
years. And there is evidence that the coming season will
be equally as good. This prediction will unquestionably
be fulfilled about the big cities, but what will occur near
and in the smaller towns it is impossible to say. Two
weeks ago the price of common brick dropped to $5.50
per 1,000, but within the first ten days of November it
advanced and is now $6.25 to $6.50 per 1,000, where it will
remain until the close of the season. Practically all man¬
ufacturers and dealers make the same reports, the un¬
usually active season and the best possible prospects for
the beginning in the spring.

Hon. John B. Rose, head of the John B. Rose Company,
of Roseton, N. Y., bought both the Bartlett yards at
Roseton and Hudson, N. Y.> last week at receivers’ sale
and will operate them in connection with the other Rose
yards the coming season. Some doubt is expressed re¬
garding their being run to their full capacity, but of
course that will depend upon the condition of business at
that time. The yards are understood to be in reasonably
good condition, with fair equipment and opportunity for
increasing the output if desired.

Most of the yards along the Hudson river have closed
for the season after having an unusual run of business
and a development which has far exceeded the expecta¬
tions of makers. The absence of storms has enabled
makers to turn out brick with a minimum of loss and in
record time. When asked by the writer how many had
been turned out along the Hudson this year a prominent
factor in the business refused to undertake any estimate.
He declared that only official figures from the various
yards would make an estimate anywhere near approach¬
ing accuracy possible. He thought, however, that the
output would exceed anything hitherto known in the
history of the business along the river.

All the yards along the Raritan river in New Jersey
have closed down for the season after making many mil¬
lions more than ever before. These yards were somewhat
disturbed by a strike early in the season, but after that
was settled there was no further difficulty and the opera¬
tions were continued without interruption from June un¬
til the close, the middle of November.

The Merhof Brick Company at Little Ferry, N. J., is
closing its season with a record output, approximating
over 20,000,000. The company has 125 arches yet to burn
which will be finished before the works are finally closed.
The quality of brick turned out by this firm is exception¬
ally good and Mr. Merhof, the head of the concern, told
the writer that he could dispose of a good many more if
he could make them. Demand is practically unlimited.
The capacity for turning out good brick is limited.

An employe of this firm when talking with a repre¬
sentative of the Clay Record complained about the speed
with which the manufacturers expect the employe to
work now and declared that very many of the poor brick
are due to the fact that they have to be handled too fast.
He pointed out that they come from the machine much
faster than the average employe can take them away and
the result is many poor brick. He was not prepared to
say that the percentage of loss is sufficient to take away
whatever gain there is in the speed, but he intimated as
much. This might be a profitable question for discus¬
sion in sections where the speed of handling has been

increased until it is difficult for employes to keep up with
the machine.

Gillies and Gardner of Hackensack, N. J., have made
about 5,000,000 brick the past season and have had a good
business throughout.

The Hackensack Brick Company has turned out some¬
thing like 5,000,000 and has comparatively few left to
carry over for spring. They talk of enlarging their works
and uncovering more clay next spring.

The total output along the Hackensack river this season
has been not far from 50,000,000, most of which have been
sold and used. The output is nearly, if not quite a record,
exceeding last year by 15,000,000. The writer does not
recall a season when any more were sent out. All the
Hackensack river brick makers are congratulating them¬
selves upon the excellence of their season and the profit¬
able sales they have made since the opening.

BANGOR BRICK COMPANY ENJOYS
PROSPEROUS SEASON

The manufacture of brick in the yards of the Bangor
(Maine) Brick Co., is closed, the last kiln of the season
being burned. One million brick is the number in the
last kiln and this amount will give the company 1,960,000
for the winter business.

The Bangor Brick Company has sold 3,250,000 brick
since Jan. 1, 1909. This record of sales does not com¬
pare with the 5,000,000 of 1908 but considering the
strength of the opposition the record is a most creditable
one. The company sends its brick all over the State of
Maine and has received innumerable orders from other
States. The orders from out of the State had to be re¬
turned because the freight rates are too high to allow
the brick manufacturers in Maine any profit in sending
their product out of Maine. The price of brick remains
the same as last year, $11 per thousand for face brick and
$7 per thousand for the run of the kiln. The quality of
the brick manufactured by the Bangor company allows
it to get a little more money than many other manu¬
facturers.

During the present summer the company has manu¬
factured 3,250,000 brick, the same amount that it has sold,
and in doing so has burned approximately 1700 cords
of wood at a cost of about $3.50 per cord or $5,950 for the
whole amount. The cost of wood is not the only item
of expense necessary in the manufacture of brick. About
47 men have been employed throughout the summer and
12 horses have been worked every day. The pay roll of
the company and the cost of keeping the company s stable
is quite an expensive proceeding and coupled with the
losses entailed by storm and bad weathei it requires the
best of management to make a brickyard a paying prop¬
osition.

In the matter of weather the Bangor compan} as w ell
as all other companies has been extremely lucky this
season. During the entire summer the company has lost
only about 25,000 brick through the medium of ram and
this record is a new one, the losses some years running
up as high as 75,000. .

The clay deposit around the yards of the Bangor Brick
Company is sufficient to last about 15 yeais and on
the basis that the old clay grounds may be tapped again
in that time the company is planning on installing motois
to operate the treads to take the place of horses..

The output of the company this year is no criterion on
which to base the capacity of the yards. About 6,000,000
brick can be manufactured on the grounds of the l>angor
Brick Company, that is, if weather conditions are as
favorable as this year.

CLKY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

929,898. Glazed-Cement-Sewer-Pipe Machine. James
Thomas, Tacoma, Wash. Filed Nov. 17, 1908. Serial
No. 463,088.

In a machine of the class described, a mold-carrier, a
mold mounted for rotation on the carrier, a core member
movable to operative position within the mold, means for
tamping the material in the mold as the latter is rotated
means for rotating the mold and core in the same direc¬
tion during one operation of the machine, 'and means for
locking the core against rotation while the mold revolves
at another stage of operation of the machine.

In a machine of the class described, a mold-carrier,
a vertically movable core, a plurality of molds mounted
for rotation on said carrier and movable successively to
a position beneath the core, means for lowering the core
within said molds, means for simultaneously rotating the
core and the adjacent mold in the same direction during
one operation of the machine, and means for locking the
core against rotation while the mold revolves at another
stage of operation of the machine.

930,573. Mixing-Machine. John A. Svenson, Pitts¬
burg, Pa. Filed July 6, 1908. Serial No. 441,974.

I he combination of two flaring hoppers abutting side
by side, the common wall of said hoppers extending at an
angle other than a right angle with the length of the
hoppers, when the hoppers are viewed in top plan.

Ihe combination, with a conveyer, the capacity of
which differs at different points in its length, of a hopper
serving said conveyer, said hopper having a wall extend¬

ing at an angle other than a right angle with the length
of said conveyer, of a gate arranged to lie close to said
wall and mounted to move longitudinally of said con¬
veyer.

930,587. Drier. Thomas M. Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa.
Filed Feb. 20, 1909. Serial No. 479,216.

In combination with a kiln, a drier comprising a plur¬
ality of elongated chambers, flues below the chambers,
cross flues at the ends of the drier communicating with
said flues below the drying chambers, means for direct¬
ing the smoke and gases from the kiln to one of said cross
flues, and from the other of said cross flues back to the
kiln.

In combination with a battery of kilns, a drier com¬
prising a series of elongated chambers, of longitudinal
flues below the drier chambers, cross flues at the ends of
the drier, connecting all of said flues, means for directing
the smoke and gases from the kilns to one of said cross
flues, and from the other of said cross flues back to the
kiln, a fan or blower adapted to force the smoke and gases
through said flues, and a stack communicating with said
directing means.

930,506. Kiln. Arthur E. Truesdell, Pittsfield, Mass.
Filed Aug. 9, 1905. Serial No. 273,413.

In a kiln, two separate kiln chambers communicating
with each other, each chamber having an upper charging
opening, and a lower discharging opening, means to "nor¬
mally close said openings, means to deliver air and gas
to either kiln-chamber at will, and means to abstract from
the waste products of combustion the heat therein, and
return it to the kiln.

In a kiln, two separate kiln chambers arranged side by
side, and having permanent communication with each
other through their adjacent sides, a flue leading to each
kiln chamber on the opposite side, an exhaust device,
means to connect the exhaust device with either of said
flues, and means to deliver air and gas to the other flue.

CLKY RECORU

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

Several rains of unusual severity for this season of
the year have already fallen and the owners of many of
the brick plants throughout the state are preparing- to
close down for the season. There is at the present quite
a large stock of brick now on hand at the various yards,
especially in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay, and in the
best interests of the business operations from now on
will be on a light scale. Prices are down at quite a low
level again and already there is a disposition on the part
of small operators to close out their stocks at whatever
figures they can secure and close their plants for the
winter. Winter building operations in San Francisco
promise to be larger than are usually the case, especially
in the line of brick buildings, and this encouraging pros¬
pect is viewed with satisfaction by the men in the brick
business. The future of the brick business here is espe¬
cially bright for it is to be noted that the craze for re¬
enforced concrete buildings has largely passed, and a
larger proportion of the buildings now being erected are of
brick construction than has been the case at any time
since the fire. The most disquieting feature of the busi¬
ness lies in the fact that there are at the present time more
brick plants in operation close to the city than there can
possibly be any need of. None of these are disposed to
close their plants to help out the balance of the industry so
that, in the line of common brick, the supply is apt to be
ahead of the consumption for some time to come.

The Board of Public Works of San -Francisco has issued
a notice to property owners that all the temporary struc¬
tures erected without permits in the days following the
fire must be removed by next May. This will cause
more building- to be done and will, of course, be a mate
rial benefit to the brick industry. Several changes in the
building laws are also being planned that will also be of
benefit to the industry. Among these is a set of regula¬
tions designed to place restrictions upon the use of con¬
crete, making the regulations regarding the quality of the
same more stringent.

Gladding, McBean & Co. are at the present time, em¬
ploying more men in the terra cotta department at the
Lincoln, Cal., plant than ever before, which is indisput¬
able evidence of unusual activity in structural lines in
California. The demand for this company’s products has
been such that another mammoth kiln is to be built at
once at Lincoln, the same to be a replica of the terra
cotta kiln erected there last year, which was at that time,
and still is for that matter, the largest in the state.
Ground has been broken for this kiln which will be in
operation in the spring. Most of the polychrome work
for the new Columbia Theatre building in San Francisco,
has already been shipped and considerable of it is now in
position.

The brick plants in the southern part of the state have
been very busy this season and have managed to secure
better prices for their products than have their northern
neighbors on account of a fewer number of plants in op¬
eration. The Los Angeles Pressed Brick Company in
addition to having supplied some large contracts in Los
Angeles, has just completed the filling of an order total¬
ing 500 cars of brick used by the Los Angeles-Pacific
Electric Railway in facing its Hollywood tunnels. 1 his
material came from the Santa Monica plant of the brick
company and was transported to the tunnels ewer tie
lines of the railroad company.

The Golden Gate Brick Company of San Francisco,
which recently consolidated with the Stockton Fire &
Enamel Brick Co., of Stockton, Cal., has just secured a
contract very much sought for. This is for the brick

to be furnished for the facing of the new Southern Pacific
powerhouse at Fruitvale. The building is 228. feet in
length by 138 feet wide and will be three stories in
height. In the city of Stockton this concern has also se¬
cured some fair sized contracts and will furnish a buff
enamel brick for facing the new Stitser block at San
1 oaquin and Weber Avenues and the same class article
for the Mizio building on Market Street near Hunter.

The Pressed Brick & Supply Co. of Vallejo, Cal., has
but a light stock of brick now on hand due to several large
sales tliat have been made of late. One order from Oak¬
land, called for a quarter of a million vitrified face brick
and conditions are so promising that the plant will con¬
tinue to be operated for some time.

The Pyrmont Brick Company of Lincoln is not manu¬
facturing brick at the present time, but is making some
heavy shipments of clay from its deposits. A spur track
has been constructed to the property making possible
the economic handling of material.

The new plant of the Simonds Brick Company at El
Centro will be in operation shortly, probably before the
end of the year. This plant will not only turn out brick,
but will also manufacture tile for fireproofing and. for
irrigation. In Pasadena this concern is haying consider¬
able trouble with the landowners in the vicinity of the
olant which claim that it is a nuisance but the brick com¬
pany refuses to close and states that it will fight the propo¬
sition.

The announcement is made that M. A. Metzner, an ex¬
perienced clay worker who has operated in the New
Rochelle, N. Y., and Perth Amboy, N. J-. districts has
purchased an interest in the Western Tile Works located
near Los Angeles.

In spite of the low price of brick in the local maiket
the Pacific Manufacturing & Supply Co., of San Pedro.
Cal., is shipping brick into this city, a small cargo ha\ mg
been received just a few days ago.

Heberling & Toothacre, the proprietors of the Pioneer
Brick Company, operating a plant near Visalia, Cal., have
found business so satisfactory in the San Joaquin valley
town that the plant will not be closed until the rains make
it necessary. Almost 5,000,000 brick have been made this
season. New machinery was added recently and the daily
output is now almost 50,000. The product is absorbed m
Visalia, and nearby towns.

A brick plant to cost in the neighborhood of $45,000 is
to be erected next spring near Nephi, Utah. A com pane
is now being organized by C. F. Hoffman of that p ac e
and the necessary funds have been secured.

WEAVER COMPANY WILL MAKE ROOFING

TILE

The Weaver Coal & Clay Co., Brazil, Ind., who have
-ecently enlarged their plant, putting in modern ma-
'hinerv and adding new kilns, have found that they ha\ e
in excellent shale for roofing tile. They have burned
his into drain tile and find that it makes a beautiful dar

Terry red. . ...

They have practically concluded to put in roofing tile
machinery and arrange for the manufacture of a vei >
riigh grade roofing tile, expecting to start with the
Spanish and inter-locking tile.

It is the opinion of outside experts that, they have a
most excellent shale for this purpose and it is their judg¬
ment that they are on the right track and will manu¬
facture a strictly high grade article in keeping with their
past reputation.

2-5

CLAY RECORD,

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. NOVEMBER 15, 1909. No. 9

“1 like to read American advertisements They are
l&emselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of th*
fountry by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.,

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be tne heaviest. Ninety-nine
£>ut of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
ileast need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan¬
acea for their business ills. — John W anamaker.

Don’t let the badness of your neighbors worry you ;
they might do worse.

Good behavior may be rather old fashioned, but you
never heard of it getting a man into trouble.

Smooth sailing does not bring out the stuff one is made
of. It takes shadows to make sunlight appreciated.

Our idea of a hypocrite is a person who throws mud
at a man-while alive and puts flowers on his coffin when
he is dead.

The good lawyer keeps you from fighting. Many
lawyers, however, are grafters, and they advise fight, for
they win whether you do or not.

The army that attacks the enemy in the enemy’s
country has the odds against it, as all wars have proven.
Men fight best at home on their own vantage ground.

Establish a credit whether you need it or not. It is
a good advertisement and a frequent help. Be reasonable
in paying your bills but positively sure that you do so.

The average young man makes up his mind that at
fifty or sixty years of age he will retire and take things
easy for the rest of his life. The average young man
makes a mistake, as it is far better to wear out than to
rust out.

BRICK YARD LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL

“Drastic, radical and extreme municipal law” is the
term the supreme court in an opinion by Justice Bailey
applied to the ordinance of Denver forbidding brick yards
to operate within 1,200 feet of a residence or school house.
The court holds the city’s laws to be unconstitutional in
deciding the case of Denver vs. Patrick Rogers in favor
of Rogers. The opinion says that brickmaking is “one of
the most necessary industries known to business life,”
and says that the Denver ordinance attempts “to arbi¬
trarily drive it beyond the city limits.”

Rogers is a brickmaker who was fined in police court
for operating a brick yard near a residence. In the county
court the judgment was reversed, and it is this judg¬
ment that the supreme court affirmed. The city provides
for a fine against the operator of the prohibited brick
yard and defines the yard as a nuisance.

SAYS CONTRACT IS IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE

The supreme court of Pennsylvania finished the argu¬
ment list for the fall term.

One of the cases heard touches upon the Sherman anti¬
trust law and raises the question of the validity of a
contract to refrain from business. The title of the suit is
the Harbison- Walker Refractories Company vs. William
A. Stanton, appellant. In 1902 all the manufacturers of
silica brick and a majority of the manufacturers of clay
fire brick were consolidated. The agreement provided
that the owners and stockholders of the original com-
panies were not to engage in the silica or clay fire brick
trade in Pennsylvania, Kentucky, New Jersey, Maryland
or Ohio for 15 years except with the consent or in the em¬
ployment of the new company. Stanton, who had been
president of the Basic Brick Company, went to the new
concern and held various positions with it until 1908,
when he was dismissed for alleged misconduct, which
he denied. Stanton then engaged in business with an¬
other company and a suit was brought by the Harbison-
\\ alker Company to enforce the contract to refrain from
business.

1 he trial judge refused to enforce the contract except
as it referred to Pennsylvania, on the ground that it
interfered with the Sherman act, but the court in banc
held the covenant valid so that it applied to manufacture
but not to trade. His attorney argued that the works of
the Basic Company having been dismantled by the new
company, it could no longer hold Stanton to the agree¬
ment. Cases were cited to prove that the contract created
a practical monopoly and was in violation of the Sher¬
man act.

The attorneys for the Harbison-Walker Company
denied that Stanton was dismissed and asserted that he
resigned when asked to account for certain actions. They
held that the contract was no broader than necessary to
protect the purchaser in the enjoyment of the thing sold.
They denied that the company is a monopoly or that it
in any way unlawfully restrains trade.

CLHV RECORD.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

Fire destroyed the main building of the Pearl Clay
Products Co. plant at Kushequa, Pa. It was partly
covered by insurance and will be rebuilt at once.

The entire plant of the Southwestern Cement Plaster
Co., located at Okeene, Okla., and the largest in Okla¬
homa, was destroyed by fire. The loss is. $10,000. In¬
surance, $12,500. Plant will be rebuilt at once.

The Corwith (la.) Brick & Tile Works was destroyed
by fire, causing a loss of $8,000, with only $1,500 insur¬
ance. The plant had just been shut down for the season
and the fire was started by unknown marauders. It will
be rebuilt as soon as possible.

PRICES TO RULE HIGHER FOR HUDSON
RIVER BRICK

At a meeting of the Hudson River Brick Manufacturers’
Association, at the Palatine Hotel, Newburgh, N. Y., the
condition of the market for the year was canvassed, and
it was announced that the price in cargo lots would be
$6.00 to $6.25 per M., and that on the following Monday
the quotation would read, $6.00 to $6.50. It was further
decided to stand by those figures, which, it was said,
were made compulsory by reason of the fact that labor
conditions have been such this year as to leave a very
small margin for the manufacturer. These, of course, are
not the winter prices, further action being probable later.
The transactions in New York last week were normal.

Most of the Hudson River brick companies have
stopped manufacturing. . Here and there a palette yard
has some brick on rack, but they are the exception. More
brick will begin to come in from now until the close of
navigation if the new prices are sustained. There is little
talk among the manufacturers of making extensive yard
improvements this year, the disposition being to wait
until a better idea may be had of what next year will
bring forth. While a good year is generally looked for,
conservative men do not expect a boom. They say, how¬
ever, that they believe next year’s business will be an
improvement over this one. The opinion seems to be
unanimous that better prices will rule.

PLAN FIRE BRICK PLANT FOR ELGIN

Deposits of silica have been found near Elgin, Oregon,
and R. C. Plass is making extensive experiments to
demonstrate the value of the clay for the manufacture of
fire brick. If the results are as at present anticipated an
extensive manufacturing plant will be established dur¬
ing the coming year. There is great confidence that the
experiments will prove successful and arrangements are
being made for a manufacturing industry that will call
for the expenditure of $20,000.

Samples of these bricks were on exhibition at the re¬
cent fair and also at the local display of products at Elgin.
Brick compressed from the silica are much lighter in
weight than those which are made from clay, but the re¬
sistance against the effects of heat are the main merit
claimed.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

Dan Ellis, employed by the Poston Brick Co. at Craw-
fordsville, Ind., lost his eye by the breaking of a wire
on the brick cutter.

The men were seriously injured at the plant of the
Collinsville (Okla.) Brick Works by a kiln being blown
and burying them in the debris.

Another man was ground to pieces in the Pug mill of
the Independent Brick Co., at Trenton, N. J. The victim
this time was Dominick Jearecello.

Andrew Flood, an employe of the Charles Young Brick
Co., Philadelphia, Pa., was instantly killed by a freight
train while backing his team into a barn.

Jack Watts, a former well known boxer at Cohoes, was
shot and killed while a “looker on’’ of a scrap between two
other employes of the Champlain Brick Co., at Mechanics-
ville, N. Y.

Edward Rowley, an employe of the old Armstrong
Brick yard at Roseton, N. Y., was instantly killed by
electricity while drilling in the clay. The foreman of
the yard was also injured.

The Stephens Brick Co., Portage La Prairie, Manitoba,
has setled with an employe by the name of Hyndman for
the loss of an arm while at work in the plant. The
usury being $3,000 including all court costs.

John Dalton has filed suit for $5,000 damages against
George Roller, Canton, Ill., for injuries sustained in his
yards some months ago. Mr. Roller is insured against ac¬
cident so the loss will fall upon the company.

Geo. W.-Bostwick, manager of the United States Brick
Co. plant at Michigan City, Ind., was arrested by the
State factory inspector charging that he had failed to
clean the boilers of the plant and had failed to properly
guard the wheels and cogs in compliance with the new
law of the State.

TESTS CONCRETE TILE AND FINDS IT IS NOT
UP TO THE STANDARD

An examination and test of the cement tile being
used in drainage district No. 32, has resulted rather dis-
couragingly to the manufacturers of that product. The
board of supervisors had one of the professors of Ames
College out in the district last week and according to his
test the tile at Lone Rock, Iowa, came far short of the
required standard. The test was made by placing the
tile in a bed of sand and fitting a frame over the top
of the tile and filling it with sand so as to have an even
pressure, and then placing weights on top. Some of the
20-inch tile, manufactured by the Ceylon file Company
and being used in district No. 32, broke under a pressure
of 1050 pounds. It is claimed that a tile of this size
should hold up a weight of from 3000 to 4000 pounds.
A 14-inch tile made by the same company went down
under a 1900 pound pressure, which was considered very
good. A 10-inch tile made by the Bancroft 4 ile Company,
broke under a pressure of 1400 pounds.

What will be the result of this examination is hard to
conjecture. The report is prevalent that in district 32
half a mile or more of the tile has been laid; the con¬
tractor, Waldmer Jensen, having gone on with the work
after the engineer in charge had pronounced the tile
O. K. and now the failure of the tile to stand the test has
placed matters in an embarrassing situation in that
district.

30 CLKY

COMPANY DOUBLES CAPITAL STOCK AND
WILL IMPROVE PLANT

The stockholders of the Crawfordsville, Ind., Shale
Brick Company held a meeting at the First National
bank and voted to increase the capital stock from $25,000
to $50,000, thus doubling it. This extra $25,000 is to be
used a part ‘of it to improve the plant and the rest of
it is to be used as a working capital during the winter,
when business is not brisk. For one ‘thing, the present
side track will be extended four times its present length,
so that six or eight cars can be set on it at one time, thus
enabling the company to have cars with coal for fuel
and cars for loading brick in. Two new tunnels will
be put in in connection with the dryers. These will be
used for making a beautiful glazed brick for finishing
purposes. These bricks are similar to the Oriental brick.
The present stockholders will have first chance at the
new issue of stock, and it is understood that one of them
says he will take all that is left after the others get their
pro rata allotments.

The company took charge of the brick plant about a
year ago and had to do considerable improving besides
putting in much new machinery. Not much real work
was done until within the past four months. In all
eighty-seven carloads of brick have been sold. October
was the banner month, the output that month being
1,600,000 brick. About thirty-five men are given employ¬
ment at the factory and the increase of business is very
gratifying to the stockholders who voted to declare a
dividend of 10 per cent subject to the approval of the
directors. The annual meeting of stockholders will be
held Friday, December 3. The company is sending most
of its product to Detroit and Chicago.

GROUND TO PIECES IN PUG MILL

Another man met a horrible death Nov. 3rd, by being
ground to pieces in a pug mill at the plant of the In¬
dependent Brick Company, Trenton, N. J. About a
month ago a foreigner employed at the plant met the
same fate when he fell into one of the machines and was
hacked to pieces by the many knives.

The last victim was Dominick Jearcello, an Italian, who
lived somewhere in the Chambersburg district, near the
Roebling plant.

In one of the buildings at the plant are clay hoppers,
better known as “pug mill machines.” The machines are
sunk into the ground and are operated by sets of revolv¬
ing knives.

The men have to stand close to the machines and shovel
chunks of raw clay into them. The clay is ground and
mixed and finally carried to brick-pressing machines.

Jearcello was operating one of the hoppers. He stood
on a pile of clay that had accumulated near the machine.
While working he lost his balance and fell into the deadly
grinding machine.

A few minutes later a fellow-workman happened to pass
the hopper and he saw the man’s body being ground to
many pieces.

THE MINNESOTA BRICK & TILE COMPANY
STARTS ON ITS $200,000 PLANT

We gave the news some time ago of the projected loca¬
tion of an immense brick and tile plant in Austin, Minn.,
backed by outside parties. The plans are now completed
and work begun on excavations for the buildings and
kilns. The new company is composed mainly of Mason
C ity parties who are owners of one of the biggest plants
there. They have bought nearly 100 acres of land east
of the Milwaukee tracks and north of Brownsdale
Avenue, including the Ed Barr twenty acres where Barr
made brick for years and the Kearns sixty acres adjoin¬
ing on the east. This is the old F. A. Richardson prop¬
erty. The main building, 250x250 feet will be located
near the junction of the Milwaukee and the Great
Western tracks and both roads will run spurs to ac¬
commodate the plant’s needs. There will be no unneces¬
sary drayage or hauling of products in and out. The
city of Austin gives free water and up to 60 horse power
free for three years with the privilege of two years ex¬
tension if the plant proves what is promised.

The value of the Austin clays has been well known for
years. When the old Austin company made pressed
brick they furnished for the U. S. building at LaCrosse
and other prominent buildings. The Mason City parties
who have bought here have been experimenting for
months with the clay and find it superior in every way.
It is clear of lime stone and has other advantages which
are well appreciated.

The new plant will be strictly up-to-date. Twelve
kilns will have a capacity of thirty thousand 6-inch tile
each, making a total possible output of about six million
6-inch tile annually. Work on the plant will be rushed
during the winter. The main building will be of brick.
'File plant will be in full running order next June.

The new company has plenty of capital and will put
in $200,000 in the Austin manufactory. They are
thoroughly experienced and successful in the line of any
clay handling. The writer recently visited the large
plants in Mason City and understands what the coming
of this new industry and the employment of a large force
of men means to Austin. It is the best thing that has
come to us for many a day and the Austin Commercial
club and those who have cooperated with them are de¬
serving of great credit for their successful efforts in hav¬
ing it established here.

ALABAMA RATE QUESTION UP TO
COMMISSION

At a meeting of the Alabama railroad commission the
transportation companies of the State will be asked to
show cause why the rates on pressed and paving brick
should not be the same as on common and fire brick.
Under the Alabama rates schedules only common and
fire are mentioned hence the rail lines did not lower the
old charges on the other two kinds. General complaint
having arisen an effort will be made, and no doubt
come out with success, to have the rates the same, as
the entire lot would seem to be adjustable along that line.

CLAY RECORD

ASSESSMENT HAS BEEN DECLARED ON STOCK
OF THE CHANUTE CEMENT & CLAY
PRODUCTS COMPANY

The Chanute, Kansas, Cement & Clay Products Com¬
pany, which was recently forced into bankruptcy here,
and over which Byron White was temporary receiver for
some time, may be reorganized and completed according
to the original plans, if efforts along that line which are
now under way are successful. Of the proposed reorgan¬
ization the Chanute Tribune says:

“George A. Douglass returned this afternoon to Battle
Creek, Mich., after being here for some time assisting
in the movement which is on foot for the organization
of a company composed of bondholders of the defunct
Chanute Cement & Clay Products Company to complete
the cement plant which the company started to build
west of this city and place it in operation.

“About 150 men have joined in the movement,” said
Mr. Douglass, who seemed well pleased with the piogiess
which has been made.

“The story that the. dredger which the Chanute com¬
pany used at the Bronson, Mich., plant, sank into the
swamp after it had been at work but a short time and
has not been recovered, is without fact. The Bronson
plant is all right. I believe it could be made to pay the
same as other plants of the kind in Michigan. It is all
a matter of management.”

The Bronspn plant is part of the assets of the company.
The reorganization plan being wrought out provides for
the payment by each bondholder of 20 per cent of the
amount which he has already invested for raising a fund
with which to bid in the property when it is sold under
the order of the court to satisy the claims which have
been filed against it.

Persons who pay this assessment will be given stock
in the new company which is to be formed.

ALABAMA COMPANY INCREASES CAPITAL
AND WILL MAKE FIRE-PROOFING

The board of directors of the Alabama Fire Brick Man¬
ufacturing Company of Birmingham held a special meet ¬
ing for the purpose of formulating the plans of the plant,
the erection of which they will begin on their propeities
at Riverside, Ala., within the next 30 days.

After considering the proposed bond isuue of $30,000,
which was voted upon at the last meeting, it was found
that the company would have sufficient funds derived
from the sale of its 7 per cent cumulative preferred stock,
which carried 50 per cent of the common stock with the
preferred, to build and operate upon successfully, as t le
preferred was being sold veiy lapidly.

This company will manufacture fire brick, fire-proo -
ing, repressed face buff brick, conduits and Hue linings.
This will be the second plant south of the Ohio that en-
o-ao-es in the manufacture of fire-proofing and there is ap¬
parently no reason why it should not be one of the best

dividend-paying plants in the south.

The capitalization of this company was increased from
the present capitalization of $50,000 to $200,000.

AUTO KILLS MILLIONAIRE BRICK MANUFAC¬
TURER’S WIFE IN VIEW OF HUNDREDS

Mrs. Frank Cazanova Jones, wife of the millionaire
brick manufacturer, was killed almost instantly when
struck down, just north of the Waldorf-Astoria, N. Y., on
the night of Nov. 12, by a motor bus. The accident was
seen by scores of society folk and by hundred of shoppers.

It may be Mrs. Jones was frightened to death, or that
her skull was fractured, or she sustained a concussion of
the brain. At all events, there was only one mark upon
her body, a bad briuse of the right hand, which the bus
crushed. She was not run over, so could not have sus¬
tained internal injuries.

Mrs. lones left a department store opposite the Waldorf
and started across the street. When almost upon the
other curbing the bus came along. She stepped first
ahead, then back, and the radiator of the bus knocked
her down. The machine came to a stop, one of its forward
wheels resting on her hand. She screamed in agony.

A policeman galloped up and ordered the chauffeur to
back off the hand. He did so, and then helped carry the
victim into a store.

As soon as laid upon the floor Mrs. Jones became un¬
conscious. Twenty or thirty other women alighted from
motors and carriages and administered to her.

But before the arrival of an ambulance she died. Her
body and the chauffeur-prisoner were sent in the same
wagon to the tenderloin police station. It was not until
the contents of her handbag were examined that her
identity was discovered.

Her husband was immediately notified and with his
daughter came to the station in a motor. As he looked
upon the body he fainted.

Mrs. Jones was fifty years old and the wife of Frank
Casanove Jones, president of the W. A. Underhill Brick
Company, of No. 103 Park Avenue. She was the daugh¬
ter of the late George B. Lamar, formerly president of
the Bank of the Republic, and was well known socially.

Mrs. Jones was born in Atlanta, Ga., and received her
education at Wellesley College. She was married in 1883
at the home of H. F. Durand, formerly president of
Wellesley College, and leaves a son, Frank C. Jones, Jr.,
besides her husband and two daughters.

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS TO MAKE POTTERY

The University of Kansas is to enter the market as
a manufacturer, according to an announcement made by
Professor Griffith of the department of painting and de¬
sign at Lawrence, Kansas. Fine pottery is to-be the
product, and as soon as possible Kansas clays will be
used in the making. Aliss Maria Benson, the instructor
for the new department, has arrived from the famous
Newcomb potteries of Tulane University at New Orleans,
and begins work immediately. I hirty-four students are
already enrolled for the work.

The American Clay Machinery Co., Bucyrus, O., has
recently issued a catalogue in the French language, 175
pages, 'described a varied assortment of clay working
machines manufactured by the company.

TERRA COTTA INTERESTS RECEIVE
IMPORTANT ADDITION IN THE
FEDERAL COMPANY

The remarkable growth in the utilization of terra cotta
in our buildings and other purposes for which it has been
successfully utilized is naturally greatly increasing the
importance of this industry.

In view of this growing importance of terra cotta, the
organization of a new company to engage in this industry
is news of importance, particularly when it is in the
hands of men of experience and success in this branch of
industry, who, by reason of their past experience will un¬
doubtedly place their new enterprise in the front rank of
its field.

1 he Federal Terra Cotta Company has recently been
incorporated with a capital of $1,500,000 and has acquired
property at Woodbridge, New Jersey, for the immediate
erection and equipment of a model terra cotta plant, with
facilities and improved equipment that will result in the
production of a superior grade of terra cotta with a guar¬
antee of deliveries being made promptly. This plant,
which will be the largest in the country will be completed
by April 1st, 1910. The land purchased at Woodbridge,
New Jersey, has siding connections with the Pennsyl¬
vania Railroad, and is also situated on the deep water¬
way, Woodbridge Creek, providing a waterways ship¬
ping route for the company to all coast ports.

The importance of this new company’s advent is en¬
hanced by a consideration of the strong list of names in
its directorate headed by its president, De Forest Grant
former president of the Consolidated and also of the At¬
lantic Terra Cotta Companies, having been in this busi¬
ness for the past twelve years and recognized as an au¬
thority on terra cotta and its production. The first vice-
president, Edwin Thorne, is also president of the Polar
Construction Company; and a director of the Northern
Securities Company, New York Dock Company, Granby
Consolidated Mining, Smelting and Power Company and
of Fitch, Cornell and Company. The second vice-presi¬
dent, William Manice, is a member of the firm of Manice
and Perry and a director of the American Terra Cotta
Company, the Atlantic Terra Cotta Company, Cannelton
Coal Company, of West Virginia; Capitol Traction Com¬
pany of Washington, D. C., and- the Commonwealth In¬
surance Company of New York. The secretary, Dwight
W. Taylo'r is a director of the Atlantic Terra Cotta Com¬
pany and secretary and trustee of the Berkshire Apart¬
ment Association. This board while well and favorably
known in the terra cotta field and the general financial
world, is also strong with architects and builders, a most
important consideration.

The treasurer of the new company is Frank A. Thayer,
treasurer of the-Boldt Steel Company of Wilmington,
Del., and additional directors are, John E. Berwind, of
the Berwind & White Coal Company; Edwin J. Stettinius,
president of the Diamond Match Company; Rodney
Thayer, vice-president and general manager of the Boldt
Steel Works ; William B. Dinsmore, of Meikleham &
Dinsmore, bankers, and Madison Grant, general counsel
of the company.

In addition to this strong directorate, the following
well known men are also financially interested in the
company, Stuyvesant Fish, Goelet Gallatin, H. Holbrook
Curtis, IT. A. Berwind, B. N. Duke, William De Forest
Hayes, Schuyler Schieffelin, Lewis R. Morris, Norman
Grant, E. H. Wells and Alfred H. Bond.

The new company has ample financial resources and
there is little doubt but it will soon be recognized as the
leading enterprise in the terra cotta industry.

FIREPROOF TOWN FOR NEW JERSEY

On a big tract of land in Orange, N. J., which has laid
undeveloped for many years, there has been started a
unique building venture. The residents of Orange call
it a fireproof village.” It is a colony of houses built
entirely of terra cotta, designed to be fireproof inside
and out.

There has not been attempted before any such large
development of the fireproof home” idea. Isolated house
uf the kind have been built, but here there are twenty-
four of them going up at once, as a beginning. Though
they differ in architectural style, they are all alike in their
stiuctural qualities. Terra cotta, in the form of hollow
blocks, is the basic material. It is used for walls, floors
and partitions.

The novel system of construction is largely due to
the rise in the price of lumber in recent years. "The cost
of fiame dwellings has approached so closely the cost of
masonry dwellings that the saving in maintenance and
insurance on the fireproof structures more than makes up
for the difference in original cost. This economic con¬
sideration is the element that has caused so many homes
of sturdy, permanent construction to spring up in the
last two or three years.

The new colony in Orange calls for by far the largest
order of hollow terra cotta blocks ever used in residence
construction. Six thousand tons of burnt clay material
are being shipped from the Perth Amboy factories of the
National Firepioofing Company. In terms of measure¬
ment, this means 500,000 square feet.

In the walls and petitions the blocks are laid end on
end, so that the hollow spaces form continuous chambers
from top to bottom. Thes6 “dead air” spaces, as they
are called, make the walls non-conductors of heat, the
result being a cooler house in summer and a warmer one
in winter. In the floors the blocks are laid in rows be¬
tween masonry beams, and any kind of surface flooring
that individual taste calls for may be placed on top of
them.

INSTANTLY KILLED BY ELECTRIC SHOCK

Edward Rowley, thirty years old, an employe of the
old Armstrong Brickyard at Roseton, N. Y., met death
in a most peculiar manner. Rowley, in company with
John Leonard, foreman of the yard, and a Hungarian
named Andrew Fosegar, was boring for clay. A long
steel oi iron drill is used for this work and it is quite
heavy. The men were working under some electric
wires that cross the fields on poles. There are three
wires on top of the poles that carry a heavy current used
for power, and two lighter wires on the side that are
said to be telephone wires. When the men were pulling
the drill out of the hole where they had been boring for
clay it toppled over and struck one of the heavily charged
wires on the top of the poles. Instantly all three men
were knocked to the ground senseless. Leonard, the
foreman, was the first to come around. He managed to
crawl over to where Rowley was lying and found that
he was dead. I he ITungarian was not seriously injured.

Leonard says that he had ordered the current turned
off from the heavy feed wires some days ago, and sup¬
posed that it had been attended to, or the" men would
not have been working under them with a metal drill.

Rowley, the dead man, was married and leaves a wife
and five children. He was at one time a resident of the
city, where it is said he was employed as an insurance
agent. Coroner Buss was summoned and after viewing
the remains gave a verdict in accordance with the £acts.

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

The United States Potteries Co., 83 Montgomery St.,
Jersey City, N. J., has been incorporated with $100,000
capital stock by J. L. Wells and W. M. Parke of New
York City and C. T. Lark, of Hackensack.

The Bohemian Pottery Co., Zanesville, Ohio, has been
incorporated with $15,000 capital stock by Edwin S.
Munch, John H. Stroop, C. A. Maxwell and others.

The Eljer Co., is making a large' addition to their pot¬
tery at Cameron, W. Va., which is now well under way.

The Kirkwood Pottery Co., Roseville, Ohio, has in¬
creased its capital stock from $15,000 to $35,000.

The Willets Pottery at Trenton, N. J., is to be started
again. Leslie C. Pierson, the receiver of the old company
is president; E. C. Hutchinson, John E. Gill and Dr.
Costill are also interested. The plant is a 13 kiln plant
and the largest white ware pottery in the city.

The three large potteries located at Wheeling, W. V a.,
formerly the property of the Wheeling Potteries Co., are
to be sold in December.

Col. Will A. Rhodes, secretary of the Colonial Pottery
Co., East Liverpool, Ohio, has resigned and goes on the
road again for Knowles, Taylor & Knowles Co. Edward
J. Touhill of Chester succeeds Mr. Rhodes as secretary of
the Colonial Pottery Co.

J. W. Boch will soon complete the construction of a
large electric porcelain plant at Newell, W. Va. Every
item made in the factory is patented by Mr. Boch.

The plant of the Roodhouse (Ill.) Novelty Pottery Co.,
costing $30,000 is to be sold at sheriff sale, December 4th.

The Grafton (W. Va.) Pottery Co., has been incorporated
with $50,000 capital stock and will manufacture all kinds of
pottery and stoneware. They will also manufacture silica
brick for the lining of glass furnaces. C. M. Raile, of Clarks¬
burg, is the promoter of the plant.

• At a meeting of the stockholders of the Knowles, Taylor
& Knowles Co., East Liverpool, O., Joseph G. Lee, who for
20 years has served as its secretary and manager, tendered his
resignation and W L. Taylor and Homer J. daylor were
elected to general manager and secretary.

According to reliable advice, the defunct Salineville, O.,
Pottery is about to be sold to responsible parties and again
placed in operation.

The October meeting of the Western Standing committee
was one of the most interesting held during the summer or
fall, because of the small number of new items presented.
The result of the conference is as follows

Bakers — Submitted by the Smith-Phillips China com¬
pany. The price for making this item was settled at 10 per
cent over list price.

Teapot and Sugar — Submitted by the Warner-Iveffer
China company. The teapot case was settled at 18 cents
and the sugar at 23 cents. It developed that the firm was
willing to give the men their price for the making of the
sugar, but only offered 20 cents for the making of the tea¬
pot This is the price for jiggering only. The Sebring Pot¬
tery company at Sebring, O., has got out a new specialt}
known as the coupe nappy. The firm offered in the first
place to pay the men seven and one-quarter cents for making
this, but a price of 10 cents per dozen was asked. When
the Standing committee took the matter in hand a price of
eight and one-half cents a dozen was settled upon.

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Austin (Minn.) Cement Tile Co. has bought 15
acres of land on Kenwood Ave., and will use same at
their works.

E. L. Gains & Son, at Pymatuning, Mail Transfer, Pa.,
is making a fine quality of cement block and brick on
the McMurray farm.

The Galien (Mich.) Concrete Tile Co. has filed articles
of incorporation with $5,000 capital stock. The company
succeeds, Roberts Bros., and will make both brick and
tile.

The Wisconsin Composite Brick Co., Milwaukee, Wis.,
have been served notice to stop violating the anti-smoke
ordinance. Aid. Henry Smith is the president of the
company.

By the breaking down of a brick machine of the Com¬
press Flint Brick Co., 14th and Elmwood, Kansas City,
Mo., Alfred Earl, the foreman, was injured and the plant
damaged badly.

The Sioux Falls (S. Dak.) Pressed Brick Co. are ex¬
periencing great difficulty in securing cars in which to
load their brick for shipments. They are making a fine
quality of sand-lime brick.

The Range Brick Co., at Hebing, Minn., has found the
necessary sand so as to build an $8,000 brick plant in
which to manufacture sand cement brick. C. A. Reming¬
ton, a well known lumber dealer, is interested.

The Suffolk (Va.) Cement & Tile Co. has been incor¬
porated with $10,000 capital stock. They will manufac¬
ture sand brick, sewer and drain tile. Joseph T. Williams
is president ; W. H. Eley, secretary and treasurer, and
T. W. Sampson, general manager. The above are all
directors and live in Suffolk.

The National Stone & Brick Co., Columbus Bldg.,
Washington, D. C., opened proposals for machinery for
their plant which is to be built at Takoma, D. C., at the
rate of 75,000 brick daily. Albert S. Hicks is president
of the company; Richard J. Beall, vice-president; Walter
A. Johnson, treasurer, and Chas. G. Allen, secretary.

BARTLETT BRICK COMPANY SALE

An important sale was conducted on the Court House
steps at Newburgh, N. Y., when Edward W. Collins, as
one of the receivers of the Bartlett Brick Company, of
Hudson, sold the property, including fifteen brick ma¬
chines, buildings, sheds, and horses of that company at
auction, together with the property of the Bartlett Com¬
pany in Hudson. A lease on the Armstrong brickyard at
Roseton, which is held by the Bartlett people was sold.
The terms of the sale were to sell both pieces jointly,
first; then separately, and the way that brought the
highest price was to prevail. When the pieces were sold
jointly the only bidder was William F. Cassedy, repre¬
senting John B. Rose, Dr. Townsend and Everett Fowler,
who were directors of the old Bartlett Company. Mr.
Cassedy’s bid for both pieces jointly was $100,000. W hen
the parcels came up for sale separately there were two
bidders for each piece, Mr. Cassedy and C. L. Waring.
The Bartlett plant at Hudson was bid in by Mr. Cassedy
for $86,000. and he also bid in the Roseton lease for
$84,750. The total price paid for the whole was $170,750,
by Mr. Cassedy.

Arranged to Suit all Locations

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln

These Kita, can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile Dry 'Pressed 1 Facing Fire. ^ Pavin^an^Common BurU^Bnek^ ^

waste He,, lor DryW Purposes, and which is bein„ done most succession.

Address, H. HAIG H, Catskill, N. Y.

GLKY RECORD.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Diamond City Brick Co., Wilkesbarre, Pa., has
been organized with $60,000 capital stock.

The Ft. Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Co, has just com¬
pleted another kiln of 450,000 brick capacity.

It is reported that E. A. Glousnitzer, Ouanah, Texas,
will erect a 25,000 brick daily capacity plant.

The property of the Dow Brick Co., Columbus, O., has
been appraised at $20,949 by the appraisers.

With an output of 1,500,000 brick this was the busiest
year for Samuel Landis at New Berlinville, Pa.

The Farmersburg (Ind.) Brick & Tile WVrks has start¬
ed up again after being shut down to install some new
machinery.

Will Stephens, Batavia, O., has recovered from his re¬
cent illness and has resumed charge of the brick plant at
Baltimore

W. M. Shipman, Treswell, Tenn., has 40 acres of fine
fire clay land and is considering organizing a company
to develop same.

The Mayer Bros. Brick Co. plant east of Frostburg, N.
D., is rapidly being completed and will soon be making
bidding and paving brick.

The Moist-Proof Pressed Brick Co., Norfolk, Va., have
about completed its plant and will soon be making 50,000
brick daily, buff and cherry red waterproof brick.

The Cleveland (Okla.) Brick Co. have received an or¬
der from the packing company of Morris & Co. to furnish
8,000,000 brick to build the $3,000,000 packing plant at Ok¬
lahoma City.

The Bloomdale (O.) Tile & Brick Co. expect to run
their plant all winter with the possible exception of Jan¬
uary or February. Drying sheds are being built and
preparations being made for cold weather.

The large brick works just east of Piedmont, W. Va.,
has been leased to J. A. Lansberry, C. A. Lansberry and
Colin Graham of Mt. Savage, Md., and George Wendell
of Cumberland, they will remodel the plant and operate
same.

The Audubon (la.) Brick & Tile Works, owned by
Tramp Bros., is being moved to another part of the city
and will rebuild so as to make brick the year around, and
have railway connections to get in their coal and ship
their goods. The work will be completed during the win¬
ter.

A brick and tile company with $100,000 capital stock is
to locate a plant on the E. IT Denton farm, just north
of Garland, Bourbon Co., Kansas, where 60 acres of land
has aready been purchased by Dr. Cline and others of
Joplin, Mo. A thick vein of surface coal is found at
a shallow depth on the property.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston FISKE & CO., IriC., New York

^ _

The Drury Brick & Tile Co., Essex Junction, Vt., has
contracted to ship 1,500,000 brick to Winooski at once.

The John C. Boss Co., Elkhart, Ind., has been incor¬
porated by A. B. Boss, John C. Boss and Edward A. Boss.

The Alliance (O.) Brick Co. have their plant well under
way. A. Hoover, a most successful brick manufacturer,
is. the general superintendent.

F. M. Pollard, who owns a brick yard at Salmon, Idaho,
has just finished a 350,000 kiln of brick, making the
best that he has ever turned out.

Brick for the Elks’ Block at Mason City, 'Iowa, were
shipped from Chicago on account of the local plants being
too busy making tile to make brick.

The Williamsburg (O.) Brick Co. is having a very
prosperous season under the management of R. R. Mills,
who is making a superior quality of brick.

B. H. Richards, Jr., secretary of the Richards Brick
Co. at Edwardsville, Ill., was married to Miss Clara C.
Tuxhorn and they are now on their honeymoon.

The Bangor (Me.) Brick Co. made 3,250,000 brick this
year, and the yard is closed down until 1910. The com¬
pany will install motors to operate the treads instead
of horses.

Slimmer & Paul, 8th and Church Sts., Upper Sandusky,
Ohio, have purchased the Wm. Cavanaugh brick yard at
Sycamore, Ohio, and will remove machinery to there and
increase its capacity.

The Lanius Pressed Brick Co., Abiline, Texas, have
contracted for the new dry press which is to be installed
in their plant so as to double the capacity of the plant
and take care of the demand.

The Albama Fire Brick Mfg. Co., has increased its
capital stock to $200,000 and at a special meeting of the
directors decided to build at Riverside, Ala., a plant to
make fire brick, fire-proofing, face brick, conduits and
blue linings. The main office is in Birmingham.

DIRECT HEAT

fob -

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

1 V ’ *’

1 All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

AMERICAN PROCESS CO.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

GLKY

The Grahan Brick Works of Emmett, Idaho, made one
million brick this year, all used in the home town.

E. B. Grubb. Loveland, Colo., is erecting a pressed
brick plant on Derby Hill which will cost $20,000 and
will have a daily output of 20,000 brick.

The Adair Brick, Coal, Mercantile & Construction Co.,
Kirksville, Mo., has been incorporated with $0,000 capital
stock by Daniel Kent, S. L. Eggert and E. 1>. Reed.

The Logan (O.) Brick Supply Co. shipped 775 carloads
of brick from their plant this year and have 3,500,000 left.
In all probability the plant will be started again next
year.

Sullivan & Spielman of Gillette. Wyoming, have com¬
pleted the burns for this year after a very, successful
season. They will open in the Spring on a more extensive

scale.

Benjamin Kissinger’s Sons, York, Pa., turned out
(* ,259.000 brick in the first nine months of this year. 1 hey
claim the demand for brick is over 7a per cent more than
in 1908.

The Illinois Brick Co. has bought the LaBahn Brick
Co.’s plant at Lansing, 111., thus increasing their capacity
200,000 brick daily. Mr. John F. LaBahn, the founder
id the company, will retire.

Frank Cole has resigned as manager of the Marion
(Ind ) Brick Works and is going to Norfolk, Va„ to
assume the management of a plant there. Mr. Cole is
favorably known' to the contractors and builders of

Indiana. . , . .

The Independence (Kansas) Brick Co. has filed ai tides

of incorporation with directors as follows: Robert Nesch
and S. C. Barrett of Kansas .City., R. C. Nesch of Pitts¬
burg, O. M. Balch of Chanute and Harry Jiencke of In¬
dependence. . . . j ,

The Central Georgia Brick Co., Macon, Ga., decided to

rebuild their plant at once which was recently destroyed
by fire. Jesse B. Hart is president; J. B. Wall, superin¬
tendent and manager; J. F. Hart, treasurer, and \\ . N.
Hart, scretary and sales manager.

The Michigan Vitrified Brick Co., Bay City, Mich., will
build new kilns and double the capacity of their plant.
W. F. Tennison has been elected president and J. Barnett,
secretary and manager; J. C. Downing is the supenn-
tendent. A new dryer will be installed.

The Columbus (Kansas) Brick & Tile Co. is to be con¬
solidated with the Elkhorn coal mine near Scammon,
with $30,000 capital stock and $10,000 bonds, and tiie
brick plant enlarged 400 per cent. H. A. La Rue, Dr.
Huffman and others are boasting the project.

The Edgar (Wis.) Pressed Brick C'o. has filed notice of
dissolution.

Ernest B. Griffin of Grant Park has purchased the en¬
tire property of the Eastern Illinois Brick Co., at Beecher,
for $10,500.

The stockholders of the Leavittsburg (().) Brick Co.
will meet in a few days and take the necessary steps to
surrender its charter.

The Acme Brick Co., Lumberton, N. C., has been in¬
corporated with $125,000 capital stock by Geo. G. French,

I. B. Blackman and A. K. Morrison.

The College Hill Press Brick Works, St. Louis, Mo.,
last week bought a block of land bounded by Carrie,
Florissant, Pope and Rosalie Streets.

Grayville, Ill., is organizing a $150,000 Vitrified Brick
Co. John A. Helm, president of the Business Men’s Asso¬
ciation is responsible for the movement.

A $10,000 brick and tile factory has just been com¬
pleted at Coalville, Utah, by J. H. Decker of Kansas City,
Mo., and N. W. Clayton and E. S. Fisher of Coalville.

The prospects are favorable for a brick plant at Ells¬
worth, Kansas. Clays have been tested for making brick,,
etc. The Central National Bank can give information.

The Glenwood (Wis.) Advancement Association is
making an effort to se.cure a brick making plant. It is
claimed that some of the finest clays of the State aie
found there.

Henry Rorig, of Elgin, Ill., may organize a company
at Elgin to manufacture brick for building purposes of
gumbo, near Pierre, S. Dak. He has samples made by a
new process.

The brick makers working at the Manteno (Ill.) Brick
Co. Works struck because a die wore away so as to make
the brick a little longer. After the dies were rebuilt

they returned to their work.

George R. Gray, a brick manufactuier, is seeking a
site for making brick on the So. Bellingham, Wash., water
front, he having found clay on the Lake Samish road
suitable for making excellent brick.

Raymond N. Bond, the western representative of the
C W. Raymond Co., Dayton, O., made a contract with
the Little Falls Brick Co. at Tacoma, Wash., for a com¬
plete brickmaking outfit, costing $55,000. .

The Farmers Co-operative Brick & 4 ile Co., Mason
City, Iowa, will increase its capital stock from $400,000
to $800,000 for the purpose of erecting the second brick
and tile plant south of the city, the later will be called
the Farmers’ Co-operative Clay Works.

The Johnson Non-Detachalile Folding ted Sliding Deck

Is adapted for any style of Dryer Car

The deck can be
placed on either
side or center of
the car for load¬
ing or unloading
1 without remov¬
ing from the car.

The J ohnson
deck is a labor

and material sa- — ,

ver, and is especially so when permanent kilns are used

The Johnson deck can be made of wood, steel or galvam
iron and of malleable iron or drop forgings.

For further information address

CHARLES H. JOHNSON, 1824 Greenleaf St., Chicago, III.

X m

FOR SALE

One Penfield power Repress iti first-classeondition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE

One Four Mold Simpson Dry Press
One Fernholtz Pulverizer.

One 40 h. p. Engine and Boiler. Also shafting,
pulleys, etc. Have extra mold box for dry press.
Will sell all or any part of this machinery
ED. SHANNON,

Shellsburg, Iowa

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 3% to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L- FINK,
Bricelyn, Minn

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Burn 99 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
618 I4ih St., N, E. Washington, D. C.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Sand-lime brick manufacturer, 15years experience
highest references, wants position as Manager or
Superintendent of a sand-lime brick plant. Capable
to build a plant, to run it and to make it pay If vou

cannot make money now call upon me.

Address “SAND-LIME,”

Care of Clay Record, Chicago Ill.

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

Sand-Lime Brick Plant in excellent condition
making granite pressed facing brick and standard
grade of sterling quality, on four railroads close
to large markets, good trade, unable to fill orders
now. A snap if takeu at once. Write us.

Address "506” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

WANTED

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition. CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,
57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, Ind.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
mug concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa-
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery-
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

A young or middle aged man, of habits, strictly
good, honest and reliable, one who is experienced
in the manufacture of clay products and also able
to handle correspondence pertaining thereto, and
the use of machinery for the manufacture thereof,
tor position in sales department of reliable mach-
lnery manufacturer. In reply to this advertisement
state salary that would be expected and give several
references as to ability and character. Address.

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill,

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire clay proposition , preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

"LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

Do better made, cut iron
$8 and SlO.to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25

. Guaranteed.

Paper Jogger* quoted. Sold by all dealers

R. A. HART. 41 White St.t BATTLE CREEK, MICH

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff in ud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fire
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clav
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M., Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

To sell all or a two-thirds interest in an up-to-date
Brick Plant and Coal Mines, excellent shale for
street block. 12 feet of fire clay, two coal mines, both
operated w*tli compressed air machine, with more
orders than can be taken care of. An excell- nt
proposition and a money maker, good reason for
selling. Manager wants to go South. If interested
write to, "BERT” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

DRYER CARS

We have oil hand a lot of second hand single and
doub'e deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-l
condition. We offer them at a very low price for
i quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new
Made about 200,000 brick. Guarenteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO.,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio

FOR SALE

Brick Yard within easy hauling distance of
Chicago. 13 acres, well equipped plant. Would
lease or make good proposition to man to make
investment and run the plant. Address

FRANCIS LASLOW,

79 Walnut St., Oshkosh, Wis.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20.00 per thousand for 4 inches. Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor-
can operate with steam dryer year around Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L- JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

CLHY RECORD.

75 Cents vs. 15 Cents

The cost of cleansing clay by the filtering process is 75 cents or more, per ton.
The Diesener Clay Cleanser takes all the dirt, that cannot pass through the 1=16
in. slot, out of the clay for less than 15 cents per ton, and does the work better
than the filtering process, because it does not remove the valuable kaolin sands
and other important ingredients that should be left in the clay.

The Diesener Clay Cleanser

Eliminates Limestone — or Pyrites Troubles

This machine takes out the objectionable matter without necessitating the

process of crushing

The Diesener Clay Cleanser works upon plastic surface clay AS IT COMES FROM THE BANK,
after this clay has been well tempered and pugged in-a suitable pug mill. The process of cleaning is as fol-

l0"SA„ auger machine (as shown in the above halftone) pushes forth a solid bar of well-pugged and watered clay in stiff mud
condition. This bar slides down an inclined plane and is pushed against a rotary disc. The material of this disc is a special

iron alloy, discovered after many costly experiments. mmeruo r TVTwc'rrvxTn'

The disc by friction “sucks” the clay into and through a slot, and the foreign matter like PYRITES, biMEbiUJNE,
PEBBLES SCREW-NUTS, WEED-ROOTS, and so on, if they are too big to pass through the slot, are caught in it and

and REMOVED from it CONTINUOUSLY and AUTOMATICALLY. ^ . . ..

We wish to emphasize this particular feature of the Diesener Clay Cleanser -that it does not crush or pulverize the
pyrites or limestones and then mix the same into the clay. It takes them out without crushing or even without breaking.

Richard G. Hoffman

Sole Representative in the U. S. for Mr. H. Diesener,
Charlottenburg, Germany

La Grange, Ill,

I BEAT YOU TO IT

DON’T QUARREL, BOYS

' NANSEN

[PABRUZZf

ANOTHER

American Triumph

The American Eagle Gets the Pole

All honor to a standard among Nations and a world
wide standard of machinery excellence

While Peary stops to argue and Cook stoops to cajole,

The Eagle keeps on pressing brick to pave clear to the pole

CLKY RECORD.

Centrifugal Clay Screen

IN OUR NEW CENTRIFUGAL CLAY SCREEN WE HAVE A b
ure in Clay Screens. The motion is centrifugal instead of vibrato
machine is thus lengthened and the capacity increased. As the cut
made up of two hoppers substantially mounted on a steel frame. The £
with large screening surface. It is supported by spiders in a horizontal p
are keyed to the vertical shaft which is connected to the driving shaft by
Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging perforations in the
plate.

Surrounding the vertical shaft is _ ^

Screen, which has a screen plate six ''

to the capacity of two nine- foot
dry pans. We also build this screen

with a four foot screen which will handle clay to the capacity of one pan
as to construction and operation of this screen will be sent upon request

We build every machine and appliance required for the manufacture of every class of clay
products by all processes. We are much the largest manufacturers of Clay Working Machinery
in the world Manufacturing as we do every machine and appliance right in our own facto¬
ries we are better prepared to serve you at a saving in time and money than are others.

Full particulars

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

fT.ato
liRunRight i

Wet and Dry Pans

wun our neavy, auraote ana
efficient machines.

The heavy side frames
are substantially tied to¬
gether at the top by the
cross beam, in the center by
tie bars and also on the floor
line. The shafting is large
and of steel. The gears are
of special design and excel¬
lent quality. The bearings
are long and well babitted.
The mullers are heavy,
adjustable and removable.
The screen plates are made
of special iron. The step is
of our approved type and
the complete pan is one that
can be depended upon under
more than ordinary circum¬
stances. All joints are care¬
fully machined and fitted
and bolts are made secure
by lock-nuts. The vertical
shaft and muller shafts are
secured by large removable
bearings, which make it pos¬
sible to remove any of these
shaftsor the mullers without
disturbing the balance of the pan. The gearing is kept to its full efficiency by our device for
taking up any possible wear, which insures a perfect mesh of teeth at all times.

Write for particulars on our “Divided Screen Plate' which will make a big saving of screen plates. There in no machine
required for the manufacture of any clay product which we do not build. Kacli machine is superior in it’s class and of our
standard quality.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
PRESSURE.

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

OFFICE: MONGER BLDG

40X Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick

Elkhart, Indiana

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

o< Barytes

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

Mjrcu* NEW YORK */MT

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous

Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff. Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINERAL PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. _

C. K. WILLIAMS & CO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Send for full descriptive

Circulars

Wbw CLAY FEEDERS MIXERS

Saves the labor of from 1 to 3 men In every factory, besides
mixing and feeding the clay evenly to the disintegrator
One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

SUMMITVILLE DRAIN TILE COMPANY
Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Erlewine, Secy, and Treas., ..

"Marion Machine. Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana

r)Ca Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst., will state that the type “C"
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is “making good' in
every wav and is all you claim for it.

Since" installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less thereby reducing our weekly pay-roll S20-00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10*. decreased our power 10*, and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, you can easily see the great advantage we have
since installing the Feeder and Mixer. . , ,.

All this saving is effected because of the even, steady feeding of the claj
to our disintegrator. We have our tracks elevated about 9 feet above your
Feeder and Mixer, and we are enabled to dump about 25 car loads ot clay
in our storage bin over the Feeder, and the Feeder takes care of all this clay
without any further attention on our part.

We feel that this is one of the most valuable machines we have in i our
plant and no one who has ever tried one of your Clay Feeders would go
back to the old way. Thanking you for the courtesies shown, we remain

Very truly yours,

Sr m mit vi Li, f. Drain Tile Co., Per James F\ Morris, Vice-1 res.

MARION MACHINE. FOUNDRY and SUPPIY CO., Marion, md.

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

THIS wonderful
* pump does the work
of two men, at a
small fraction of
their wages, and
without argument
It will pay for it _
self in a very short time. Think of the sav¬
ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can efFord
to be wiihout the marvelous

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to' do its best — it can’t do
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honesty, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. (21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

GLMY RECORD.

Fire Brick

Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clev Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

-Jffc jA. jfW.

\ SomethingflNew in Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8. 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk. Va.

ww v v v%r

'flip

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Efiffjjggfr

Protect your Home,

feg

^Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are

i»;

dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Approved and Labeled

Manufacturers Utica, N. Y.

\ AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER !

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

JSS Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
t0 . macJllne- Oneness required, kind and condition of material.

f-° 'essjpeed. and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAR FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
lM^contracted to do when sold.

Revolving Screens Air Separators
riAsk for Circulars and Information]

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

.Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 Ta Salle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co., 39 Cortland St., New York Citv.

1,111 d root h. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

-•

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

V-r l-i/n x

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

FNHINFS — Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye 15x14 Erie, 14^ x
16 Buckeye, 14j4xl4 Ball & Wood, 13>4xl5 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9;4xl2 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

ENGINES— Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &
Taylor ,16x18 Erie , 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬
lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,
10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.
& G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

ROM FRS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand-
ard, 72x16 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS— Fire Box — 80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30k 25, 20, 16,

12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical— 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader" Injectors

and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street

Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pan* for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Material*.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Lightest Running
Dryer Car Hade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

"A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept.

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc.

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO

THE HAYDEN CI.AY CRUSHER

Masssive and well proportioned .
Best material .

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity .
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mailers.

This Crusher is specially designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity 10 to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market.

For testing paving brick.

< Built to the

standard specifications of the
N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

Send for circular and prices.

Send for descriptive matter.

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw R_otary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

CPUIIDQ Perfected
oununo Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANCELES, CAL.

adjustable tip

A well-tried and
proven Success.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid. ( Patented . )

made exclusively by

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

NILES, OHIO

GLMY RECORD.

Pail Fuchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

The Thew Steam Shovels

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used iistead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

Hade in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel — Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON GLAD DRYERS
BARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

GARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
GASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

OFFICE AND SHOPS 1335 SLOAN STREET »■ ■■ Rlf- CHICAGO

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE

IT Ik SATISFACTION
li/lm THROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

MODEL SAND DRYER

YARD SUPPLIES

OF ALL KINDS
i , BUILT T1

Bright H

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BUCK IjllWtM

MOULDS >991

THAT

ARE

BUILT

FOR «=Jjg!

HARD jNRf
USAGE IS

TRUCKS

WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE "P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A

BRICK MACHINE

IIP, ,,, /Tp

NR* J£JK^

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■ R-'^F-rT ■ 'WL

lipfi

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iKvi-jl

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j&agrr- - ,111,

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q }dH<jo Kjjtid WQHfdtJd jdcjO^ $

^ri^rv i r\cwr\i-/<

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1905. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489

May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

THE HENRY

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFC.

CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

i H Cl 0 W Q Cl 0 fdtu ^ Q2|h<>0] <d0td!>P $

Good News For Tile Men

The Big Profits are in the Big Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL MILL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

S-j:;-.?/;

gpps

«w ; ■' '

■ V .

. ' • r/."...

Our New 1909 Model Anderson Giant

We also Man
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

ANDERSON, INDIANA

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas

No. 217-E

x&i&m

No. 1 45

Electric Side Dump Car.

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes

ig 1

from 4 ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 -A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
ake.

trip and brai

GARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

I ^ t

■

■ -Sf

' JJ

-V-,

S' :']*■■■ *»

rv s.'-' - .

ZFT,

IFT.

r ■C.-W

:N0. 217-S

Either Side Roclcer Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER GARS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 128

Heavy Double Deck Car
Patent Malleable Iron Uprights.

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry'Car.

.’■s',' Z

.tlas Car and Mfg. Co.

mjsvsbjLm, ohio

* " ’■

a gmflL

THE Di65EMiriA
0F ALL MATTERS
* PERTAiNirtG
- TP THE —

Report of Annual Convention of the Brick Manufacturer’s Association
of Texas ...

JL/YY

NDUSTRY

An Attempt to Calculate the Amount of Heat Utilized from a Down-
Draft Kiln by the Waste Heat Drying System
Report of Art and Design Committee to the United States Potters

Association .

Trenton Tile Company Gets Order from Japanese Count
Steaming Value of Run-of-Mine and of Briquetts
Union Bricklayers of International Mortuary Benefit Fund

Pottery Business for 1909 will Break All Records .

Pacific Coast News Items

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer-
Conventions . . .

An Iowa Business Pointer .

Obituary .

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! .

Two Chattanooga Justices Make Brick in Florida
Accidents, Damages and Dosses ...

Ohio Deads in Pottery Making . . ’ ’ ’

Missouri 1908-Made B’rick would Circle the Earth .

American Clay Plant Plies Brisk Trade in Dull Season ...

Atlas Electric Docomotives, Cars and Trucks

Receives a New Docomotive with which Company will Haul "it’s ’ciay

to Factory . . .

The Hendrick’s Commercial Register of the U. S. A.

Rome Brick Works Changes Hands .

Trojans Absorb Brick Company ....

Clay Products Company at Fort Dodge plan Unique Railwav ’ '

Milwaukee to Have a Big Silica Qnartz Mill . . .

Gets Damage in Suit Against Dabor Union

The American Clay Co Buys The National Co. . . !

Alberta Clay Products Company Building New Plant .

Special Report of Brick and Cement Works in Hungary .

The American Pulverizer doing Good Work in rciva
Mr. Kachelmacher Retires from Business ai ! Is Succeeded bv the
Vice-President

History of the Clay Working Industry . .

Explosion Wrecks the Carnegie Terra Cotta Pl.t : .

Minnesota Wants More Brick Plants .

Feed Water Filtratiou . . . 33 Miscellaneous Items’ !

26
28
28
29
29
29
29

30
30
30

31
31
31
31

32
32
32
32

DAYTON O/i/O U.S.A.

The Raymond-Horton

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and all appurtenances will be manufac¬
tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

AATe are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray¬
mond-Horton line.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Haminerstein and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is
faced with over 600,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks
were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any o' her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

CLKY RECORD.

S
* *

The Andrus Brick Press
Makes Brick Every Day

' ."V

. ' y i

V-

Been doing it 20 years.

■i - :

Strong Simple and Capable.

24 in operation in St. Louis District

Scott Manufacturing Co.

181*5 THIRD NATIONAL BANK BUILDING

LOUIS - - MISSOURI

CLKY RECORD.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Six-Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd St White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

THE BOYD BRICK PRE55

Built in Two and Four- Wold Sizes

ACME

FOUR -MOLD

ysf0A llg

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLH, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

CLAY RECORD.

# - % R I V. %Mur A V. ^ <

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT \ Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLKY RECORD

The

Indestructible
Pres*
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United State* Gov¬
ernment for use In
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient! Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE 6RI0K MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, - - - - ST. LOUIS, MO.

CLHV RECORD.

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

E. M. FREESE & COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION - - - OHIO

9I0I#I9I#I9IC#I4I90I9I9I9IOI9IAI#IOI#I9

|......MM........9|0.9.9|9B9|9|M0,«I9,9»

•“Freese” Brick Machines

■ - - - - - - -

CLHY RECORD.

the fotts

HORIZONTAL BRICK MACHINE

Built Entirely of Iron and Stool.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and
Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, the Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

HARD STEEL CUTTING
B .RS ADJUSTA BLY
SECUREO

Compound Disintegrator and Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘Built to Do the Work

Manufactured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHV RECORD.

Strong, Heavy Hachines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, 111.

BRICK MACHINES

Standard Pattern Horizontal Brick Machines in three
sizes, ranging in capacity from 2000 to 5000 bricks per
hour; in weight from 5000 to 14000 pounds. They are
built for business and are most conservatively rated.

The Brewer No. 25

SOME FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION

Gear frame cast in one piece. Knives forged from hard
high-carbon steel, each one independently adjustable
for pitch. Expressing screws and casings of white iron.
Bearings self-oiling. Back-thrust bearing self =01 ling,
self=aligning independent and adjustable to take up
the wear of the expressing screw. Feed-roll keeps the
hopper clear. Mounted upon steel I-beams, self-con¬
tained. Construction, high-grade throughout.

If Marked

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications

I®) H. Brewer Co.

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN

It’s uood

■tps Good

* \

- zTi

k: ; My;

'jiiti'r^u - ■

Wrife to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Vol. XXXV. No. IO.

CHICAGO, NOVEMBER 30, 1909

Semi-Monthly, f 1.00 per Tear
Single Copies, - IO Cents

REPORT OF ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE;w

BRICK MANUFACTURER’S ASSOCIATION

OF TEXAS

By Paul G. Meyer, Official Asso. Reporter,

San Antonio, Nov. 13-14.15

San Antonio during the Fair reminded one of herring in a
barrel. Owing to the unusual number of people visiting the
Fair and to the fact that the hotels were crowded to their
fullest capacity, the plan of escorting the visiting clay manu¬
facturers arriving Saturday night, to the hotel headquarters
was abandoned.

Sunday, the second day of the convention was devoted to
an informal meeting at the St. Anthony hotel, ihe San
Antonio manufacturers deserve a great deal of credit for
the splendid way in which they took care of the visiting
members. Their hospitality included an automobile trip to
the Fair Grounds and on Monday evening a Mexican supper.
Mr. W. O. Fitch was chairman of the entertainment com¬
mittee, no better selection could have been made.

Monday morning at ten o’clock the business section of the
program was taken up.

After the reading of the minutes of the previous meeting,
which were unanimously adopted, the first subject on the
program was, “Relative cost of burning brick with Lignite,
Coal and Oil in Down Draft and Open Up Draft Kilns.”

It was very ably discussed by Capt. W. D. Green, of Seguin,
Texas. He stated that he had had experience with both
kinds of brick burning.

In his opinion it takes 1,200 or 1,500 pounds of Lignite
and from 1/8 to 1/10 cords of wood, at a cost of $1 -75 t0
$1.80 and $3.00 respectively, which makes the cost of burning
brick from $1.65 to $1.80 per thousand.

In burning oil, he stated, that it takes from two to two
and one half barrels of oil to burn a thousand brick, and
about 1/8 of a cord of wood, making the cost of burning
per thousand brick about $2.11 to $2.30.

In the discussion following Capt. Green’s speech, Mr. Wil¬
liams of San Antonio expressed the view that Lignite burn¬
ing was not only cheaper but also preferable on account of

the better brick produced.

“Economical Method of Clay Gathering,” the next sub¬
ject on the program, elicited an impromptu speech from Mr.
Montague Staniforth, who showed that he had the subject
well in hand. He said in part :

“We have a steam shovel which requires the attendance
of four men, one to run it at $75 per month, and the others
receive wages of $1.75 per day. Figuring on a basis of
twenty working days in the month this will bring the cost of
the entire wages paid to $7.50 per day and again presuming
that we put out fifty thousand brick a day, it is a matter of
easy calculation what the operation of clay gathering costs.
A great deal of course, depends upon the method of the car
system, which has to be adapted to local conditions.”

“Best method of handling clay from cars or sheds to pans,
presses or disintegrators.”

Mr. A. O. Jones, of St. Louis, Mo., started his speech deal¬
ing with the above subject with the remark that statistics
were “not” in his line, but that the best method of working
economically was in his opinion an underground conveyor
which in his opinion can be adopted by all brick plants. This
met with a great diversion of opinion.

“The gains of down-draft over up-draft kilns and why?”

The most complete and interesting report of any speaker
was undoubtedly that of Mr. John Butler of the Elgin-Butler
Brick & Tile Company, Austin, Texas. The following is a
verbatim report of his speech :

GAINS OF DOWN-DRAFT OVER UP-DRAFT KILNS

AND WHY.

The operation of burning is the most important of all the
manipulations which clay undergoes before it assumes its
final condition.

To a large extent the success of the clay worker hinges on
the change which the fiery ordeal brings about on his ma¬
terial, be it for its good or injury. The higher we go in the
scale of Ceramic products the more pronounced will be the
effect of burning, and hence the more important.

However well made a product may be before burning, no
matter how much skill and patience has been devoted to it, if
the burning is not done satisfactorily all this trouble will

CLKY

RECORD.

have been wasted. It is not surprising therefore, that this
subject should occupy the thoughts of clay workers and
stand call for the best efforts on their part. Much has been
said and written on this very important subject, in fact, so
large is the volume of literature in this, respect that the
reader is confronted by the danger of confusion, for let us
be frank about it, much of the information available is con¬
tradictory and if analyzed carefully, is found to rest on
erroneous assumptions. Yet, the subject of burning depends
on natural laws, simple of application and easy to under¬
stand. Any one who takes the trouble to become acquainted
with a few fundamental facts will certainly succeed in grasp¬
ing the entire problem of burning and understanding it, will
be able to direct the process in acocrdance with the results
desired. In order to do this it is not necessary for a clay
worker to devote years of study to this subject in the class
room, but a few hours applied to the mastering of the terms
and fundamental facts will open to him a knowledge which
will be of direct value to him, and that which before has been
a task but dimly understood, will now become a pleasure.

UP-DRAFT, OPEN -TOP KILN.

Of these there are two designs, namely, English Clamp,
and Scove.

The English Clamp is built inclined toward the center, in
the lowest point of this cross section a center pier of green
brick are set, beginning with base perhaps three feet wide
and tapering up to a narrow top at a height of ten or twelve
feet on either side, to this core benches of brick are built
leaning toward this common center, the benches are symmet¬
rical on both sides, being constructed at once so as not to
overthrow the setting. The object of this setting is to cause
the brick to shrink uniformly or rather to close up the
shrinkage gaps uniformly toward the center so that the in¬
terior of the kiln can be maintained airtight and the draft
controlled. One of these benches being perhaps four feet
wide, the entire cross section of the kiln constitutes a head
or heading.

THE SCOVE KILN.

It represents the common up-draft kiln used by the com¬
mon brick business in this country. The setting of the brick
is made open and the combustion gases encircle each brick,
the heat is produced almost altogether in arches built into
the setting of the base of the kiln. No permanent fire hole,
or fire box is used in the common Scove-kiln, but the temper¬
ing fire hole formed by the arches serve the purpose very
well. However in many so called Scove-kiln constructions,
the fire holes are permanent at intervals opposite the arches,
fixed in the setting. In most instances these fire boxes are
built with projections on the outside of the kiln, so as to
form an open space between inside of the kiln and fire box,
this space to be used as a combustion chamber. The heat
passes upward throughout the mass of the kiln, not by chim¬
neys, but by direct draught as the top is free for the passage
of gas, equal in all portions, sometimes however, the draught
in one portion or another is checked by the use of sheet iron,
sand or some other material. By such devises the draught

can in a measure be directed and controlled. Likewise the
fire can be distributed over the hot and cold portions of the
kiln by putting a fire in the arch back to the center or out
to the edge. The arches are frequently provided with cast
iron portable door frames and doors, which can be made
tight by daubing. The burn in such kilns consumes from
six to eight days, depending largely, however, on the char¬
acter of clay used and also on the kind of fuel. Naturally
where gas or oil is used the time is shortened by several
days.

Those who travel up and down the country in the interests
of clay working are often struck with the remarkable fact,
that in spite of all the disadvantages the up-draft kiln is
still to be found in large numbers, especially in the smaller
yards. It is well understood by the users of up-draft kilns
that this variety is wasteful in fuel, because the heat escapes
before it has been sufficiently long in contact with the ware
to make an economical use of itself, and the flame un¬
doubtedly cooled, so that the smoke and incomplete combus¬
tion are always present to aggravate the difficulty and to
increase the waste of fuel. Another great disadvantage with
easily fusible clays in the up-draft kiln is the wear at the
bottom of the kiln, where they have to bear the weight of
all the rest. Naturally this is the place where they are al¬
ways the most highly heated and on this account run a con¬
siderable risk of being pressed out of shape by the weight
of the ware above. The ware is more easily flashed and dis¬
colored and thereby brings a lower price in the market,
though this remark does not apply with any seriousness to
common brick, in which the appearance and color are of no
importance.

These difficulties would seem to the casual student of clay
working to be more than sufficient to cause up-draft kilns to
fall into disuse, but a careful study of existing conditions
will show that nearly all the earthenware made in this coun¬
try and most of the brick made in the smaller yards are still
fired in these “wasteful kilns.” One reason for this curious
state of affairs is, that the up-draft type is very simple to
design and consequently it is cheap and easy to construct.
Moreover in starting a plant with a small amount of capital
and designed to turn out only a small number of brick or
other articles of ware each week, it is often better to have a
number of small kilns rather than one larger, so that a kiln
holding about 50,000 brick possesses many advantages over
larger ones for estate and colonial purposes, and for general
use on smaller plants. In such cases the pressure of competi¬
tion is not so keen as it is nearer the cities and consequently
the waste of fuel is not so serious as in a larger plant, as it
is, to some extent, balanced by the lower cost of cheap labor
and the small amount of repairs necessary in an up-draft
kiln. It will thus be seen that the small amount of capital
invested in the building, the simplicity of construction, mak¬
ing repairs easy and cheaply carried out, and the very slight
damage which such a kiln suffers when not used for some
time, more than counterbalances the tremendous waste of
fuel which characterizes the up-draft kiln. Consequently

OLKY RECORD

a down-draft kiln works far more economically where there
is a weekly outupt of at least 120,000.

There are many cases of small works with half this output
which would find the simple up-draft kiln the best for their
requirements, while the larger manufacturers would gain
their advantage from the more costly down-draft kilns on
account of its relatively low fuel consumption. Figures for
fuel are always unreliable when given for any type of kiln
as not any two kilns, even though built from the same plans,
will burn the same amount of fuel. Again the facilities for
emptying the up-draft kilns are much easier and cheaper, as
a wagon or dray can be driven right in the kiln and load the
brick directly on it, whereas the down-draft kiln requires the
wheeling from location in kiln to the wagon or dray on the
outside.

DOWN-DRAFT KILNS.

This type of kiln is considered an improvement over the
up-draft for the finishing of Ceramic Products. There are
two different types : Rectangular and round.

The principles of construction are the same but the adop
tion of the flue system to the rectangular kiln brings in a
set of factors somewhat different from the round kiln. There
are many types of down-draft kilns, the points or variations
lying principally in the following sections: (1) Fire Boxes,

(2) Method of distributing the draft uniformly in the kiln.

(3) Method of removing waste gases. (4) Relative level
of floor and fire box.

Under these four headings nearly all possible variation
will be found. As for the rest of the kiln it consists of a
fire box wall, commonly called bag wall, covered over by a
more or less flattened hemisphere for a crown. The fire
boxes are of three designs: (1) Flat Grates, (2) Inclined
Grates, (3) Dead Bottoms.

The classification applies to fire boxes for solid fuel, iiie
four principles of a down-draft kiln, as given above, are
used in many different ways, and their efficiencies are largely
dependable for good results, on the character of clay used
and the quality of ware desired. Perhaps one of the most
important advantages of the down-draft kiln is that of its
strength, for when properly built and well banded, it re¬
mains for years without cost for repairs. The cost of fuel,
regardless of character, is cut with very noticeable figures,
when compared with the fuel cost of the up-draft kiln.

DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT.

The heat having the downward tendency in the down-
draft kiln, it is much easier to spread it to other parts of the
kiln than it is when the heat ascends, as in the up-draft kiln.
Heat is more local in an up-draft and cannot be regulated or
distributed with any great amount of success. Again heat
gives better results in the covered arch of the down-draft
than it does in the corners and walls of the up-draft. The
down-draft kiln is much easier for the burner to handle, as
he can regulate his draught to a degree of certainty, with is
dampers, and can therefore burn his kiln with a more even
temperature throughout, whereas he is a very capable burner
who can burn an up-draft kiln without a cold spot. A fact
therefore which every burner of a well built down-draft kiln
appreciates, is the greater regularity of heat obtainable in
this form of kiln. The bottom brick which bear all the

weight are never overburned. The ones most liable to suffer
from this cause are found at the top of the bag wall, near
the top of the kiln. The down-draft has another factor
which enables the better success of the burn and that is the
stack, which gives a uniform draught to the entire kiln.

It has long been the custom among the up-draft burners
to surround a cold spot with several courses of brick one
above the other. In fact they erect a miniature stack. This
alone goes to show that something better is wanted to help
the burner to regulate this heat. Brick are checked in the
up-draft through the alternate heating and cooling of the
arches. Whereas the brick in a down-draft kiln are screened
to a certain extent by the bag wall at the back of the fire box,
which prevents a rush of cold air directly upon the burning
ware. Before the air reaches the ware it has to pass up
the full height of the hot bag. The down-draft flame has
more work to do than the up-draft as it travels almost
horizontally to the bag, thence up to the crown, thence down
through the entire body of ware. Thus it spends more time
in the kiln, travels further and is exposed to a greater fric¬
tion which causes a more intimate mixing of kiln gases, which
signifies economy of fuel consumption. It will thus be seen
that in choosing the kind of kiln best suited for a particular
place, attention must be paid to a number of points, among
which the amount of fuel consumed is an important factor
and the widely different requirements of different yards
each to be used on account of special advantages they confer
under prevailing conditions.

Summing up the different phases of kiln construction, I
would suggest, all things being equal, the down-draft kiln
for high grade face brick and paving brick, and where a high
heat is required to burn the clay, and for common building
brick made from easily fusible clay, as is generally the case
I would recommend the up-draft kiln.

Mr. Bennett in indorsing Mr. Butler’s views said that his
experience is that the consumption in an up-draft kiln is
107 higher and that the use of down-draft kilns produces
a better grade of brick, and the loss in and around the arches
is less.

“What fineness is best to produce high grade pressed brick?
How many should be made per day on four mold press and

is it necessary to use clay mixers?’

Mr. M. J. Carlton, Elgin, Texas, dealing with the subject,
claimed that the screening proposition is absolutely a matter
of local condition.

With regard to moulding brick it was his opinion that
from 15,000 to 18,000 could be produced satisfactorily with
a four-mould press, but that if the press was in ideal condi¬
tion as many as 20,000 could be produced.

“Relative difference between the use of waste heat on
open up draft kilns, down drafts and continuous with the best
methods of extracting heat from the kilns.”

As none of the speakers on this subject were present and
none of the members in attendance felt able to discuss this

subject, the matter was passed up.

“Relative difference between handling labor on brick

plants by task system and day labor.

Mr. F. J. Carle, of D’Hanis, Texas, showed an intimate
knowledge of this subject. He said that while in a certain

CLAY RECORD.

measure this would be a matter of local conditions there
could be no doubt as to the superiority of the task system.
It does away with loafing, stealing employer’s time, and the
many other disagreeable features of the day labor system.
By figures and facts he showed to the satisfaction of mem¬
bers that the cost is considerable less, in fact reduced to an
average of one-third. Questioned if he had found this
system detrimental to his machinery he claimed that the
wear and tear on his machinery is no greater than when the
other system was in operation.

“System of handling our association work.”

This was a topic that created general enthusiasm and
stirred up some activity among the members. No speech
by any individual member was made on this subject, but the
following points in the discussion were brought out:

The secretary is the heart and soul of any association. In
our secretary, Mr. J. M. Harry, we have the best and most
unselfish man any association can boast of. The only way
to get this association strong enough to be taken notice of by
the legislature with regard to the passing of the Lien Law
in the near future is for every member to be enthusiastic
and become an agitator for the association. This is best ac¬
complished by members in their individual localities visiting
brother manufacturers and those affilated with the brick in¬
dustry and boost this organization.

At a meeting recently of the Builders’ Association it was
stated that it would require about $5,000 for the passing of
the Lien Law and it is expected that this association will be
called upon to pay its pro rata.

In connection with this, the following resolutions were
proposed and unanimously adopted, to be placed on record :

(1.) We, the Brick Manufacturers’ Association of
Texas, in convention in the city of San Antonio, Texas, do
hereby resolve to appoint a committee of three members,
including the president of the association, and consisting of
the following brick manufacturers : Mr. J. M. Harry, Mr.
W. R. Bennett, and Mr. W. E. Weatherford.

It is the wish of the association that this committee have
full and unlimited power in all matters pertaining to this
association.

It shall be the duty of the committee to reorganize the
association and to increase the membership dues for the
coming year to $10 (Ten Dollars). This committee to have
the right to draw on members for this amount or any
amounts due this association for past membership and to
enforce the collection of said amounts.

(2.) We hereby allow the^secretary of this association,
Mr. J. M. Harry, a sum of $200, of not exceeding $200
(Two Hundred Dollars) for him to use at his discretion to
further the interests of the association. This sum in par¬
ticular is to be used for such help as from time to time he
may need, especially for stenographer or other incidental
expenses.

(3.) Superintendents of brick plants, owners of which
are association members, shall be allowed to attend the
meetings and conventions of the association.

(4.) Resolved, that above committee take the question
of Lien Law up with the Builders Exchange with a view of
reducing the cost accruing from the passing of said law.

Committee is to report at next convention with regard to
steps taken in regard to this.

(5.) Resolved, that letters pledging the support of this
association be written to the Louisiana and the National
Brick Manufacturers’ Association and at the same time ad¬
vising them that this association would do everything in its
power to co-operate with these associations and be in at¬
tendance in full force if the next national convention takes
place at New Orleans.

Resolved, that a letter of condolence be written by the
secretary of this association to Mr. J. Songer, on account
of his son’s death.

(7.) Resolved, that a letter of thanks be written by the
secretary of this association to the Chamber of Commerce,
San Antonio, for the use of their hall.

(8.) Vote of thanks to members of Southwest Texas
for their splendid hospitality.

(9.) Vote of thanks and appreciation to retiring officers.

(10.) Resolved , to make Laredo next meeting place,
date to be determined upon later by the above committee of
three. All members to be advised one month prior to meet¬
ing.

Be it recommended that members in the dififerent locali¬
ties of this, Our Native State, get together, and install
among themselves a legitimate system whereby they will
keep themselves posted as to slow accounts or of persons
unworthy of credit.

The following members were selected officers for the
coming year: President, John Butler, Austin, Texas;
vice-president, W. E. Weatherford, Ferris, Texas; second
vice-president, S. N. Johnson, Laredo, Texas; secretary and
treasurer, J. M. Harry, Dallas, Texas.

Following the election of officers, the convention was de¬
clared over and adjourned sine die.

The rest of the afternoon was devoted to a visit to the
brick plants of the local members, the San Antonio Brick
Company and the Williams Brick Company.

AN ATTEMPT TO CALCULATE THE AMOUNT
OF HEAT UTILIZED FROM A DOWN-DRAFT
KILN BY THE WASTE HEAT DRYING
SYSTEM*

By A. E. Bleininger, Pittsburg, Pa.

In a test made some time ago the heat distribution of a
down-draft kiln employed for burning hard building brick
was calculated, based upon careful measurements of the
kiln and exit temperatures, the composition of the waste
gases, the fuel and the ashes, together with the weight of the
coal and of the ware. The result was summarized as fol¬

lows :

Heat lost by the fuel gases . 27.33%

Theoretical heat required to burn the bricks . !9-55%

Heat lost by unburnt carbon in ash . 3.5 1%

Heat taken up by kiln and lost by radiation . 49.61%

At the close of the burn a 30-inch goose-neck was in¬
serted into the door of the kiln which connected with an
underground flue leading to the dryer. The air was thus
drawn from the kiln by means of the large fan located at

, T: i ' 1 • • • meeting of the American Ceramic Society.

CLAY RECORD.

the dryer. A draft gauge was then connected with the
goose-neck for determining the ‘‘head’’ caused by the pull
of the fan. This was found to be quite uniform and equal
to 14 divisions of the Richardson-Lovejoy petroleum gauge
which corresponds to about J+ inch of water by actual meas¬
urement. A thermo couple was likewise inserted into the
goose-neck which was replaced later by thermometers. In
this manner the temperature of the air leaving the kilns was
carefully measured for 108 hours.

In attempting to calculate the amount of heat exhausted
from the kiln by means of the fan we must know first the
velocity of the air through the pipe. This it was only possi¬
ble to approximate, since the draft gauge was not calibrated
against an anemometer. The final value of the velocity ac¬
cepted is lower than the actual velocity, since no attempt was
made to use the Pitot tube correction factor, which is
greater than unity. The theoretical velocity calculated from
the head shown by the gauge, giving a lower value, was
hence used, neglecting the decrease in the viscosity of the
hot air and other factors due to cooling between the kiln
and the fan. This, it is believed, did not introduce any sig¬
nificant error, since evidently the velocity was fairly uni¬
form throughout the test. The velocity is thus calculated
from the formula.

v=V 2 g. h — * —
d2

V= velocity in meters per second.
g=gravity constant=9-8 m.

h=head of water, expressed in meters=o.ooo m.
dx=density of air at o° C.
d2=density of water at o° C.

Substituting we have

v=V 19.6. 0.006. 772=9.46 m.

The velocity of the air was taken to be 9.5 m. per second.

The time was divided into nine periods of 12 hours each
and the mean exit temperature calculated for every period.
These were found to be as follows :

o — 12 hours . 885° C.

12 — 24 hours . 7I5°

24 — 36 hours . 640°

36 — 48 hours . 54°°

48 — 60 hours . 435°

60 — 72 hours . 355°

72 — 84 hours . 265°

84 — 96 hours . 185°

96 — 108 hours . 135°

With a pipe diameter of 30 inches and using the velocity
above calculated we have a discharge of 4.18 cu. m. per
second or of 180,576 cu. m. during 12 hours. Owing to the
fact that the test was carried on during the driest and hot¬
test part of the summer, with an average temperature of
about 200, the humidity approximated at 50%. This figure
is purely a guess, since the hygrometer was found to have
been broken during transit. However, the introduction of
the atmospheric moisture factor is not an important one,
numerically. Assuming a vapor tension of 8.7 mm., the
volume of steam introduced for the volume of air given
above would be 2094 cu. m. The barometric pressure was
taken to be 750 mm.

There remains now to calculate the weights of air and
steam taken through the pipe for each period as well as the
heat removed. This is illustrated for the first period as
follows :

273

Air ..180576 - . 1.275. 865. 0.237= 1 1 427,000 kg. Cals.

273+^85

273

Steam 2094 - . 0.797. 865. 0.48 = 163.360 kg. Cals.

273+885 -

Total heat removed by air and steam.. 11,290,360 kg. Cals.
In this calculation 0.237 and 0.48 are the specific heats of
air and steam respectively. Tabulating the results we ob¬

tain :

Period Total number of kg. Calories

1 . 11,290,360

2 . 10,632,820

3 . 10,264,510

4 . .' . 9,667,880

5 . 8,858,130

6 . ; • 8,063,050

7 . 6,883,290

8 . 5 444,750

9 . 4,260,190

Total . 75,364,980

The coal used during the burn had a calorific value of
6200. Hence the weight of coal equivalent to the amount of
heat drawn from the kiln would be
75 364 980

- = 12,155 kg. or

6200

26,741 pounds. During the entire burn 95>°45 pounds of coal
was used. The heat exhausted from the kiln during cooling
then equals 28.1% of the total heat introduced, so that the

heat distributed could be rearranged as follows :

Heat lost by flue gases . 27.33%,

Theoretical heat required to burn the ware . I9-55%

Heat lost by unburnt carbon in ash . 3-5

Heat stored by kiln and ware and recovered for

drying purposes . 28.10%

Heat lost by radiation and left in kiln and ware

unused . 21.51%

100.00%

The recovered heat thus amounts to the equivalent of
practically 400 pounds of coal per thousand brick, or speak¬
ing more correctly, about 130 pounds of coal per ton of
burnt clay, which is more than the heat theoretically rew
quired. to burn the brick. It is evident that not all of thfe
heat is used in drying brick, some of it is lost on the way to,
the drier and in the latter itself. That a considerable
amount of the heat is derived from the hot kiln walls is ap¬
parent from the comparison of the figures in the final dis¬
tribution. Owing to the fact that this test was carried on in
summer, the results show the most favorable conditions
under which this particular kiln operates. In winter the
heat actually available for drying would be considerably
less, owing to the increased loss by radiation during cooling.

CLHY RECOhu,

REPORT OF ART AND DESIGN COMMITTEE
TO THE UNITED STATES POTTERS
ASSOCIATION

Gentlemen of the U. S. Potters Association :

In offering this report we find ourselves wondering if
any member of this association, now listening to this read¬
ing has given the recommendations offered by this committee
in 1907 and 1908 any serious thought. A favorable discus¬
sion by trade and labor publications was noted early in the
present year, yet nothing in the way of concentrated effort
developed on the part of the membership or officers of the
United States Potters Association.

Why do we not refer the recommendations of our Stand¬
ing Committees to Special Committees, thus opening the way
for discussion at our Annual Convention ? In doing so we
would develop interest, giving each member the privilege of
attaining knowledge which might be helpful to him in keep¬
ing up with the fast rising standard of American Ceramics,
also impelling the individual members of your committees
to do conscientious and careful work in preparing their re¬
ports, and who would become thoroughly inbued with the
thought that they might, at least, win condemnation or ap¬
probation, either one being preferable to indifference.

In referring to the productions of American Potteries
during the year now closing we can only use the words of
an Optimist: “Never before has such progress, on general
lines, been made.”

The year 1909 has been a wonder worker, giving substan¬
tial encouragement to those manufacturing potters, who
had the courage of their convictions in offering the trade
original designs in shapes and decorations that were truly
Commercial Art, combining the artistic with the utilitarian.

The greatest progress seems to have been made in the
production of high grade dinner ware.

Heretofore the American Potter leaned heavily on the
producers of decalcomania— a change is taking place— indi¬
vidual effort on the part of Art Director, Head Decorator
and Modeler is demanded, as a result the offerings of several
American Potteries shows that a definite theme was care¬
fully followed, from the rough block in the modelers hands,
through all stages of making and decorating, until the fin¬
ished product was ready for the market — a condition greatly
in contrast with much of the effort put forth in former
years — and strongly indicating the dawn of a new era in
American Potting.

In the producing of high grade decoration, there is an
increasing demand for skilled labor, printeis, groundlayers,
colorworkers, tracers, and gilders, who are capable of doing
first clctss work, in some instances the demand has exceeded

the supply. ^

The day is fast approaching when skilled labor in the

pottery industry will be at a premium and it seems to us, it
is about time for a concentration of effort to prepare ways
and means along the line of industrial education to meet
the fast increasing demands of the American people for high
grade pottery, “Made in America.

The time has arrived when the American Potter need not
hesitate in increasing the initial cost of production and dec¬
oration, the purchasing limit has been lifted, he may now feel
secure in making sales if the goods look equal to the price

named. .....

If ever there was a time for a general uplift, it is now. .

The great American buyer and consumer is demanding
better things from the domestic manufacturer, 'which in¬
cludes Pottery. . .

The discerning consumer seems to be tiring of. cheap and
flashy gold stippling, gold dapple and heavy, clumsy, bright
gold tracing, judging from the popularity of decorations re¬
quiring fine color tracing and coin gold work.

There is a large field open for the studied effort of the
American decorator in the application of colors and lustres,

with spraying machines or air brush — with the aid of stencil
composition or tin foil.

Foreign decorators of specialties show many novel and
trade winning effects, resulting from the use of stencil de¬
signs, particularly when used in combination with decalco¬
mania sprays made up of white and neutral tints — in this
class of work there is ample opportunity for individuality in
design and adaptation.

The progress of the present year, points with no uncertain
finger to the fact that we need to turn our thoughts toward
industrial education and make some preparation for the
future — it is not a theory, but a very convincing fact, and
should merit careful thought.

The Cleveland Technical High School has the distinction
of being among the first schools to take up the matter of
clay working and especially that of pottery. This building
will accommodate 1,000 students, contains 65 class rooms and
complete courses in pottery and clay are given. The Pottery
department contains necessary jollies, throwing wheels,
whirlers and other equipments necessary for proper instruc¬
tion. The matter of pottery manufacture has as yet been
given practically no attention, but the larger cities are adopt¬
ing it, and pottery departments have been installed at Boston,
Mass., Cleveland, Ohio and other cities, while a number of
colleges have already taken up the work.

Why cannot an effort be made to establish Technical High
Schools in all pottery centers? thus creating an atmosphere
favorable to a high development of technical skill and in¬
dustry, reviving “Craft Pride.”

The National Society for the Promotion of Industrial
Education, which was permanently organized in November
of 1906 at Cooper Union in New York city, is doing a great
work in its systematic effort to place before its members
valuable contributions to industrial education published under
auspicies other than its own. Through the distribution of
these valuable publications and the active correspondence
now carried on by the National officers with the nine state
branches and the twenty-eight state committees, the organ¬
ization may justly be said to be fulfilling its function defined
by its late president, Dr. Carroll D. Wright, as “a clearing
house of industrial education for the country.”

We here offer a few extracts from the society’s publica¬
tion :

“Industrial education will be greatly beneficial to the in¬
dividual and the state if it reduces the term of apprentice¬
ship and aids the individual in increasing his capacity as a
producer and wage earner.”

“For forty years or more this demand for fineness, and
beauty in manufactured products has been steadily gaining
ground. Its influence has been clearly manifested in. the
great world exposition. It has become a well recognized
element in international competition.”

“The Commercial advantage in the near future will rest
with the nation, which can make the finest combination of
inventive skill, with beauty of design and workmanship.”

“The way to industrial education lies not in a more com¬
plex curriculum in existing schools, but in a larger variety
of schools, each with a simpler program and each seeking to
do well the work it sets out to do.”

“No series of schools can finally ’survive which does not
relate itself to the public school education ;. hence, the course
from which pupils are to be drawn, must in the long run be
the public schools.”

“In 1876, at the Philadelphia Centennial, Germany found
herself beaten by other nations in the field of art and in¬
dustries and her commission to the Exposition cabled to their
government, “Our goods are cheap but wretched.” Twenty-
six German states immediately determined to make^an effort
to regain the iost ground by educating the people. In twenty
vears she had doubled her exports. This was accomplished
by incorporating in her schools systematic art instruction.

CLHY RECORD.

The United States Bureau of Education has emphasized the
importance of this matter in a circular issued some years ago.
In this it was urged that if we wish to have in this country
skilled workmen to compete with the skilled artisans of
Europe, thereby improving our manufactures, we must be¬
gin with the work of training such workmen in our primary
schools.”

“The boy who leaves the public schools without any in¬
dustrial training must of necessity, as a rule, take up his
work in life as an unskilled worker.”

“Our society stands pledged to give our boys and girls
this chance, and we appeal to you, as we appeal to the whole
nation, to help in this great and grand movement, and we
think that in time we can look forward to a future for this
nation ; such as is almost beyond our dreams. This country
is awakening. The interest in the movement for industrial
education is latent'; it needs a longer haul, north, south,
east and west, to bring the fruitage which we all so intensely
desire for ourselves and those who will carry on the work
of the world after us, effectively and efficiently.”

Can we, as representatives of a great, important and
growing industry, conserve our best interests in failing to
become a part in the work being carried on by the National
Society for the promotion of industrial education ?

Feeling the great importance of the subject we cannot
refrain from again calling your attention to the desirability
of establishing permanent exhibits of American Ceramics in
the museums throughout the United States.

Herewith we offer for your consideration the request of
W. J. Holland, Director, Carnegie Museum, Department of
the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburg, Pa., which reads: “We
desire in the new gallery, which is being opened at the
Carnegie Institute, to make a display illustrative of the fictile
art in America, and we should be especially glad to secure
specimens illustrating the art as it has developed itself within
the region of which Pittsburg is the metropolis. Such an
exhibit cannot fail to possess great interest, not only for
students, but for the public at large. As you know, over a
half million of people annually visit our museum and there
are few places in America where such a display would have
a greater educational value. I trust that a general interest
among the manufacturers may be awakened in the exhibit.”

Your committee is very much in earnest and urgently de¬
sires your favorable consideration, as an association and as
individuals, of the project looking forward to the establish¬
ing of a permanent exhibit in the Carnegie Museum.

The kevnote of this report is: “the need of concentrated
effort.”

Our view point is : “the possibilities of industrial educa¬
tion.”

Respectfully submitted,

Wm. A. Rhodes, Chairman.

Art and Design Committee.
East Liverpool, Ohio, November 30, 1909.

TRENTON TILE COMPANY GETS ORDER FROM
JAPANESE COUNT

The Trent Tile Company, Trenton, N. J., has received
a large order from Count Kagawa, chief chamberlain in the
court of the Japanese empress at Tokio. The order was ac¬
companied by blue print drawings of Count Kawaga’s pro¬
posed home with instructions concerning the design and
colorings of the tile to be used. Alfred N. Lawshe, treas¬
urer of the concern, will forward watercolor paintings of the
designs to Tokio, and if they are acceptable the work on the
order will be begun within a month. This is the first order
received by the concern from Japan.

STEAMING VALUE OF RUN-OF- MINE COAL
AND OF BRIQUETTS

Some conclusions as to the value of briquets for locomo¬
tive fuel and a few suggestions as to the possibility of getting
more work out of a locomotive boiler are given in a report
by Walter T. Ray and Henry Kreisinger that has just been
published by the United States Geological Survey as Bulle¬
tin 412. The Survey is investigating the mineral resources
of the country and is making tests of various kinds and forms
of coal with the object of determinining how to reduce waste
in the utilization of coal, how to increase the value of the
abundant low-grade coals, and how to adapt different coals
to briquetting.

The primary object of the tests described in Bulletin 412
was to study the relative performances of two sizes of bri¬
quets and of coal, with reference to efficiency, tendency to
smoke, and the ease with which steam could be kept up, when
each of the three forms of fuel was burned at several rates
of combustion. One object kept in mind was the finding of
ways for working locomotive boilers harder, although with
present locomotive designs the steam production may some¬
times be made sufficient to keep the wheels slipping, so that
the engines have no use for additional steaming ability of
the boiler.

The more important results and conclusions for the loco¬
motive used may be briefly summarized as follows :

At low rates of working, run-of-mine coal gives a higher
equivalent evaporation than briquets ; at medium rates there
is little difference; at high rates briquets do considerably
better.

There is little difference between the large and the small
briquets ; the larger ones crumble less ; the smaller briquets
are easier to fire and to level on the fire than the larger ones ;
either form gives the fireman far less work and trouble than
run-of-mine coal.

In sparks briquet fires lose less than coal fires.

On roads having heavy grades it will probably pay well
to burn briquets, at least part of the time.

The high-capacity test run with briquets by no means
reached the upper limit of fairly efficient combustion and
evaporation, but it was higher than is likely ever to be at¬
tained by such draft as is feasibly available from a nozzle.

These particular briquets produced about as much smoke
as the coal under similar conditions ; some of the blame for
this tendency to smoke may rest on the pitch binder.

Perhaps it would pay to add combustion chambers several
feet long to the front ends of some locomotive fire boxes,
and to use a larger number of boiler tubes of shorter lengths
and smaller diameters.

The most useful secondary conclusion demonstrated is
that the combustion of suitable fuel can be kept about the
same in completeness over a very wide range. This result
is a consequence of the scrubbing action of rapidly moving
currents of gases. In the combustion in the fuel bed the C02
formed at the surface of the particles of fuel and clinging to
it is scrubbed off and replaced by fresh uncombined oxygen.

The bulletin comprises 32 pages and is illustrated by sev¬
eral diagrams. It may be had without charge by applying to
the Director of the Geological Survey at Washington.

Edwin A. King, manager of the King Engineering Co., of
Richmond, Va., is at the Mansion House, Cliffwood, N. J.,
where he is now remodeling the Crown Dryer equipment of
the Cliffwood Brick Co ’s plant. Mr King is one of the best
dryer doctors in this country, and is called to all parts of
America to take care of defects in dryers.

CL-HY

UNION BRICKLAYERS OF INTERNATIONAL
MORTUARY BENEFIT FUND

A proposition for mortuary benefits for the members of
the Bricklayers and Masons’ International Union is to be
sent out from international headquarters in Indianapolis,
Ind., to the various local unions of the organization. These
locals will vote on the plan submitted during the month of
December, and the vote will be by locals. The result of the
vote will be announced at the next biennial convention of the
organization, to be held in January, 1910. At present some
of the local unions have mortuary benefit features, but the
organization has no international mortuary benefit feature.

The plan that will be submitted to the vote of the various
locals was drafted by a committee appointed by the inter¬
national executive board, in accordance with action taken
at the last biennial convention. In its report, the committee
says : “It is absolutely necessary for the progress of the B.
and M. I. U. that mortuary benefits should be paid to those
who are now members of our organization, and those who are
to be. As it is now, only unions of large membership have
mortuary benefits, while hundreds of unions are too small to
establish one. By adopting an international mortuary benefit
we can be assured of that protection wherever we hold mem¬
bership.”

The plan provides that the time for putting the inter¬
national mortuary benefit into effect, provided the plan is
adopted, shall be July 1, 1910, and that the collection of the
per capita tax for the fund shall begin January 1, 1910.
Under the head of the estimated cost of the plan for one
year, the average number of deaths a year is given as five
hundred; average death benefits, $175; per capita tax to
mortuary fund for one year, $90,000, and amount of death
claims, $87,500.

It is provided in the plan that every applicant for mem¬
bership in the Bricklayers and Masons’ International Union
shall, at the time of initiation, pay the sum of $1 for the
mortuary fund. The plan provides that on the death of a
member in good standing, who has been such for one year,
$100 shall be paid to the beneficiary. On the death of a mem¬
ber in good standing, who has been such for five consecutive
years, $150 shall be paid to the beneficiary. On the death of
a member in good standing, who has been such for ten con¬
secutive years, $200 shall be paid to the beneficiary. A per
capita tax of 12R2 cents a month a member is provided for,
the funds to be used for the payment of death claims.

It is -provided that the international secretary shall keep a
record wherein shall be written the name, age, standing and
location of every member of the international, date of initia¬
tion, suspension, withdrawal or death, and no death benefit
shall be paid unless the name of the deceased member appears
on the register, or upon a member who is more than three
months in arrears. In case a member who dies has no bene¬
ficiary, the expenses of his burial shall be paid out of the
money, and the remainder, if any, shall revert to the inter¬
national death benefit fund.

The plan further provides that the financial secretary of
each subordinate union, immediately after each meeting,
shall report to the general secretary the names of all members
initiated, admitted by traveling card, to whom traveling cards
have been issued, suspended, reinstated, or dropped from the
rolls, stating the date and cause of suspension and why
dropped. The secretary failing to report these matters, ac¬
cording to the plan, shall be fined $5, which shall be paid
into the mortuary fund.

There also was referred to the committee the matter of an
old age pension, but the committee reported in regard to
it that it had lacked sufficient statistics as to the age of the
membership, and would be obliged to postpone outlining a
plan until after an official roster of membership was ob¬
tained.

POTTERY BUSINESS FOR 1909 WILL BREAK

ALL RECORDS

Records of the production of domestic pottery for 1909
will far exceed those attained in 1908. Throughout the
United States the general ware potteries have been experi¬
encing the busiest season in years, during the past six
months.

Pottery manufacturers of both general and art ware broke
records for production during October in a great many in¬
stances. Their trade increased over one-third over the
October of 1908. Business for November is at its height,
and many general ware manufacturers report many orders
still coming in for 1909 shipment.

There has been no material changes in prices of domestic
pottery during the year, although the enactment of the new
tariff schedules has spurred the American pottery manufac¬
turer to further effort. There has been a vast improvement
in the quality of American pottery during 1909. The body
of the ware has been advanced, while the decoration is su¬
perior to anything heretofore created in American plants.

Exporting of American pottery for the present year will
be larger than heretofore noted. Western pottery manufac¬
turers have been doing a very good export business during
the year, but they have been saying nothing about the new
field they have entered.

The large department stores in the east were large users
of this cheap ware, but now that it cannot be bought in
quantity, they are ordering better goods, and this is why the
American pottery manufacturer is being spurred on to a
greater effort in order to get the best ware from his kilns
that it is possible to produce.

increase in the construction of new buildings throughout
the country has had a good effect upon the sanitary pottery
trade, both in the Trenton and Wheeling and western dis¬
tricts. More sanitary pottery is being sold today than ever.

Electric porcelain plants throughout the country are doing
an excellent business, and reports from many districts show
that all such factories are working to capacity. The increase
in the use of electricity, both for power and light, has in¬
creased the business of the electric porcelain manufacturers.

An increase in the use of inverted and upright gas mantle
and the creation of new shapes of burners has opened a new
field in the clay industry. Every inverted gas mantle is at¬
tached to a small clay ring, especially formed in steel dies.
Several years ago there were only one or two manufacturers
of these clay rings in the country, but there are over a dozen
manufacturers in the business today.

The brick industry in and about the Ohio Valley promises
much for the new year, although the volume of business for

1909 has exceeded that for 1908. Paving brick manufac¬
turers have been receiving reports from all sections of the
volume of brick paving to be done by towns and cities for

1910 and the indication is that all these plants will have
enough orders on their books to keep them going the limit
of capacity for next season.

When steel mill and blast furnaces are in operation, the
manufacturers of fire brick are assured of a heavy trade.
There is only one fire brick plant near the Ohio-Pennsyl-
vania state line in Pennsylvania that is at present behind in
its orders 6,000,000 brick. These brick are used mostly in
blast furnaces.'

In all lines of clav industry, those plants located in West¬
ern Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia, have much to
look forward to during the coming year. Many contend
that it will be the most prosperous year in their history.

Joseph Simons, president of the Simons Brick Co., and
one of the big democratic wheel horses of California, is now
a benedict. He married Miss Irene Coulter of San Fran¬
cisco. They will be at home at Los Angeles by the first of
the year.

CLHY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

Good building weather still continues on the Coast and
much work of this character is still being done and move¬
ments of brick have been very encouraging. In San Fran¬
cisco there seems to have been a slight falling off in contracts
for brick work, due largely to the fact that the demand for
store buildings in the downtown district has been largely
filled. Residence work is occupying the bulk of attention
from builders at the present time, and this is calling for more
lumber than brick. Still during the month of October there
were permits let for $848,160 worth of brick structures and
most of these are for immediate construction. There are a
great number of large brick buildings being planned and
some large contracts are expected before next spring by
brick dealers. At the election held this month an entirely
new set of public officials was chosen and it is anticipated
that work on municipal buildings will be rushed. A new
set of plans have been drawn for a new City Hall on the old
site, and according to these plans, a brick structure will be
erected. The new Hall of Justice on Kearny street now has
about one half of the steel work in place and some large
quantities of brick will be needed here within a short time.
A new County Hospital to cost $2,000,000 has been started,
and taking it all in all, there is an unusually large amount
of municipal work that will soon be requiring brick. In
addition, there is a great deal of new sewer work planned for
next spring, and this will take immense quantities of vitrified
brick. Work has been commenced on the erection of the
Examiner building at Third and Market streets, this structure
to be the highest in the city. Brick and red tiling will be
used in large quantities here.

Prices of common brick are still rather low in San Fran¬
cisco, as most manufacturers are carrying very large stocks
and some of the smaller ones are very anxious to realize on
their goods. There have been sales during the past two
weeks at less than $7 per thousand for common brick, but it
is not believed that much more will change hands at these
extremely low figures. Most of the plants have closed down
early this season, the exceptions being a few which have
large contracts to fill. In Los Angeles and vicinity there
appears to be a better feeling in the brick market and prices
have been advanced there quite recently. For a time com¬
mon brick was sold at $6, but during the past two weeks the
price has been boosted to $7.25 and it is declared that the
demand warranted the advance. Blue brick that has been
selling at $10 a thousand is now selling for $12, and tile and
the better grades of brick have advanced 20 per cent in
price during the past two weeks. Building operations in
Los Angeles are quite heavy and there is a heavy call from
some of the nearby districts which are experiencing building
booms.

~~ The Carnegie Brick & Terra Cotta Co., which has plants
near Stockton, Cal., suffered a heavy loss a few days ago by
explosions of gas in the boiler rooms. Gas exploded under
three boilers at the terra cotta plant wrecking the machinery
and later the building was destroyed by fire. Three days
later five boilers in the brick department were ruined by
gas explosions, there being three explosions in all, and thus
the entire plant of the Carnegie company, with the exception

of the pottery department has been wiped out. This depart- •
ment is located about two and a half miles from the other
departments and is still running. The loss will be especially
heavy as the company had several very large contracts on
hand to be filled. The loss has not been approximated, as
yet, as it is not known here how much of the machinery can
be repaired for service again.

In addition to being a great pottery center, Lincoln also
promises to be a manufacturing center for the glass in¬
dustry. Some fine sand is located there and eastern capital¬
ists are investigating the advisability of establishing a factory
there.

The Los Angeles Pressed Brick Company, which has been
erecting a new plant at Richmond, Cal. now has most of the
plant in operation and is engaged in turning out red pressed
brick. The San Francisco field is now being entered and
several large contracts have been secured there. The face
brick for both the Olympic Club building and the new Chil¬
dren’s Hospital will be furnished by this concern. The
United Material Company has been appointed the local sell¬
ing agents.

The California Pressed Brick Company, which operates
a plant at Niles, Cal., is making great improvements there
and will soon have a very large plant in operation. A new
125-foot chimney is now being erected and a new continuous
kiln of large size will be completed in less than a month.

The Pure Clay Brick & Tile Co. has commenced opera¬
tions at Santa Rosa, Cal., and has contracts on hand to keep
it busy for some time, one of the largest being an order for
200,000 brick to be used in the new Masonic Temple to be
erected at Sonoma. This company took over the Hilton
yard at Santa Rosa some time ago and has been making some
substantial improvements this fall.

The Pacific Clay Manufacturing Company, which operates
a plant at Corona. Cal., where sewer tile is manufactured
principally, has just secured a large contract from the City
of Porterville. The order aggregates about 16 miles of
various sizes of sewer pipe and is shared with the Corona
Pressed Brick & Terra Cotta Co.

C. F. Pratt, 660 Market street, San Francisco, manager
of the Golden Gate Brick Company announces that his firm
has been appointed selling agents for the Hartford-Faience
Co., of Hartford, Conn. This firm has some large contracts
on hand for winter delivery.

N. Clark & Sons of East Oakland, Cal., have just secured
a contract for architectural terra cotta to be used in Salt
Lake, Utah. The plant is in full operation and will con¬
tinue' until the heavy rains set in as some very large con¬
tracts are on hand.

Gladding, McBean & Co. are erecting a new terra cotta
kiln at the Lincoln plant, and will have it ready for operation
next spring.

The Little Falls Fire Clay Company of Tacoma, Wash.,
has leased land at Bayne and will manufacture fire brick

there.

A new brick plant is being erected at Etna, Cal., by Frank
Wilson.

GLKY RECOHO,

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

931,645. Method of Firing Furnaces. George L. Pren¬
tiss, Montclair, N. J. Filed Sept. 14, 1907. Serial No.
392,898.

The method of firing furnaces consisting in packing
with fuel the passage which supplies the burning gases to
the heating chamber, in maintaining the fuel so packed
in active combustion by a draft through part of the same,
withdrawing the ash from the ash pit end of the fuel
column, feeding fresh fuel to an intermediate point of the
column and tamping the same to maintain the column
compact and homogeneous.

The method of firing furnaces consisting in packing
with fuel the passage which supplies the burning gases
to the heating chamber, maintaining the fuel so packed
in active combustion by a draft therethrough, withdraw¬
ing the ash from the ash-pit end of the fuel column, feed¬
ing fresh fuel to an intermediate point of the column and
tamping the same to maintain the column compact and
homogeneous.

931,279. Grinding-Mill. William R. Cunningham,
Bucyrus, Ohio, assignor to The American Clay Machin¬
ery Co., Bucyrus, Ohio, a Corporation. Filed Feb. 27,

1908. Serial No. 418,093.

In a machine of the character described having a re-
voluble grinding-pan, a dust-collecting pan suspended
below and spaced from the grinding-pan, and connected
to the latter so as to revolve therewith, and a stationary
scraper projecting from the outside inwardly through the
space between the two pans and operable to'discharge the
ground material outwardly as the pans revolve relative
to the scraper.

In a machine of the character described the combina¬
tion with a revoluble grinding-pan, said pan having a
screen-surface, of a dust-collecting pan suspended below
and spaced from the grinding-pan and connected to the
latter so as to revolve therewith, a scraper projecting
through the space between the two pans and into the
range of travel of the material carried by the second-
named pan, a support for the scraper exterior to the pans,
and means for adjusting the support in horizontal planes
to vary the inclination of the scraper.

931,329. Roofing Shingle or Tile. Fredrich W. Meyer,
Merrillan, Wis. Filed June 27, 1908. Serial No. 440,777.

A shingle or tile comprising an oblong rectangular body
provided at one side with a longitudinal tongue, and at
its opposite side with a longitudinal groove, the rear end
of the tile being formed with a depending bearing lug
and the forward end of the tile with a bearing shoulder
and an overhanging forwardly extending supporting lip
or flange, the tongue and upper 'wall of the groove being
coextensive in length with the full length of the tile and
the lower wall of the groove terminating in line with and
forming a lateral extension of the bearing shoulder.

929,981. Machine for Forming Plastic Material. Wil¬
liam T. Price, Wheeling, W. Va., assignor, by mesne as¬
signments, to International Brick Machine Company,
Binghampton, N. Y. Filed April 22, 1907.

In a molding machine, the combination with a base
plate, and slotted side frames carried thereby, of upper
plungers movably mounted in said frames, a table mova-
bly mounted in said frames, plungers movably supported
upon said table, a horizontally movable mold between
said plungers, a hopper normally closed by said mold, a
pallet magazine carried by said hopper, rails movably
supported beneath said mold for supporting and moving
said pallets, means carried by said frames for moving said
mold to simultaneously receive material from said hop¬
per and move a pallet from said magazine, means carried
by said frame for raising and lowering said table and
plungers, and means for imparting an oscilating move¬
ment to said rails for moving said pallets.

CLKY RfeOORO

932,674. Brick-Press. Anton Berg and John Berg,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Filed May 18, 1908. Serial
No. 433,511.

A press comprising a set of plungers, a shaft from
which the plungers are suspended, operable means actuat¬
ing the plungers, side bars suspended from the shaft, a
second set of plungers opposed to the first mentioned set
of plungers actuated by the side bars, lifting means for
the shaft, and adjusting means interposed between the
shaft and the lifting means consisting of two members
the engaging faces of which are inclined in opposite direc¬
tions and movable across each other.

A press comprising a toggle shaft, a toggle suspended
from the toggle shaft, a set of plungers carried by the
toggle, operable means actuating the toggle, side bars
suspended from the toggle shaft, a set of plungers actu¬
ated by the side bars, lifting means embracing the toggle
shaft, and adjusting wedges interposed between the lift¬
ing means and the toggle shaft. # _

933,419. Apparatus for Burning Brick. William B.
Chapman, Brooklyn, N. Y. Filed Aug. 15, 1906. Serial
No. 330,637. Renewed June 18, 1909. Serial No. 502,967.

An apparatus for burning brick having a relatively sta¬
tionary gas producer and a tunnel-like kiln movable past
the gas producer and adapted to have the gaseous fuel
ignited and burned therein.

An apparatus for burning brick having a stationary
tunnel, a gas producer located intermediate the ends
thereof, a continuous tunnel kiln adapted to move through
the outer tunnel and means for conducting gas into the
tunnel kiln from the gas producer.

930.575. Process Relating to Refractory Substances.
Robert Tripmacher, Schweidnitz, Germany. Filed April
28, 1909. Serial No. 492,671.

The process of binding refractory substances, consist¬
ing in treating the same in pulverized condition with a
liquid which consists of -a saccharine solution, and a
chronium compound, in which naphtha is emulsified, sub¬
stantially as described.

The process of binding refractory substances, consist¬
ing in treating the same in pulverized condition with .a
liquid which consists of a saccharine solution, and chronic
acid, in which naphtha is emulsified, substantially as de¬
scribed.

933,521. Paving-Block. David Atherton, Philipsburg,
Pa. Filed Nov. 3, 1908. Serial No. 460,810.

A roadway comprising transverse courses of paving
blocks, each block having both faces V-shaped, and suc¬
cessive courses breaking joints, one-half of the side of a
block in one course fitting a corresponding half of a
block in the adjacent row, and vertical spacing ribs on
the halves of one side of a block in one course abutting
against the smooth halves of adjacent blocks in the next
course.

934 710 Manufacturing or Artificial Stone. Anton
Brany, Alpha, N. J. Filed Oct. 7, 1908. Serial No.

456,599. . .

The process of manufacturing artificial stone consist¬
ing in employing Portland cement, equal parts of half
saturated salt water and saturated lime water, stirring the
cement and adding the salt and lime water to the re¬
quired consistency, molding the mass and allowing the
molded mass to crystallize.

The process of manufacturing artificial stone consist-
ino- in employing 80 pounds of Portland cement, 20
pounds equal parts of half saturated salt water and sat-
before the rainy season sets in in earnest as possible,
urated lime water, stirring the cement, adding the salt
and lime water, molding the mass and allowing the mold¬
ed mass to crystallize. _ .

* 933,536. Mechanism for Cutting Wire-Cut Brick, frank
B. Dunn, Conneaut, Ohio, assignor to The Dunn Wire-
Cut Lug Brick Company, Conneaut, Ohio, a Corpora¬
tion of Ohio. Filed Oct. 2, 1907. Serial No. 395,584.

The combination in a machine for wire-cutting brick
from a continuously moving column of clay compiised
substantially of mechanism operating one or more ten¬
sioned cutting wires, a transversely slotted platen upon
which the clay-column is supported and through which
the tensioned cutting wires pass traveling in unison
therewith and with the clay column during the cuttin
operation, and means in said platen slots for deflectin
the cutting wires as they pass through said slots and
column of clay supported on said platen, substantially
as set forth.

crq CfQ

GLMY WfcCOhtO

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter. January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, J11.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. NOVEMBER 30, 1909. No. 10

««l like to read American advertisements. They are Ibi
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

CONVENTIONS

The sixth annual convention of the National Association
of Manufacturers of Sandlime Products will be held at,
Buffalo, N. Y., December 6 and 7, 1909. Headquarters at
Hotel Staffer. Secretary Fred K. Irvine, Chicago, Ill.

The twenty-ninth annual convention of the Iowa Brick
and Tile Association will be held at Des Moines, la.,
January 12, 13 and 14, 1910. Secretary C. B. Platt, Van
Meter, la.

The twenty-fourth annual convention of the National
Brick Manufacturers Association will be held at Pittsburgh,
Pa., February 1 to 12, 1910. Headquarters at Hotel Pitt.
Secretary T. A. Randall, Indianapolis, Ind.

The twelfth annual convention of the American Ceramic
Society will be held at Pittsburgh, Pa., February 6, 7 and 8,
1910. Secretary, Edward Orton, Jr., Columbus, Ohio.

The thirty-second annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Manufacturers Association will be held at Champaign, Ill.
Secretary Geo. H. Hartwell, Chicago, Ill.

If you have anything you wish to sell to the clay trade,
the Clay Record will put it before them as well as any paper
in the trade.

“Fire, earthquake or storm has little or no effect upon a
sturdy steel frame, properly protected with good brick or
fireproofing tile well applied. It is the standard construction
of the country, so why not use it until something better is
found ?”

Put into practice some idea that will increase the receipts.

Do not use the yard measure in counting your progress,
but use the inch rule that has the fine fractions on it.

You may some times think that your father is a little old-
fashioned, but after a while you will acknowledge that he is
the best advisor you have ever had.

PTave you thought of renewing your subscription to the
Clay Record ? This is the time of the year that we would
appreciate your order. It costs only one dollar for a whole
year.

It is a source of great satisfaction to the boss to know
he has dependable employes and that when he gives an order
the thing is done so far as further effort on his part is con¬
cerned.

A business man may be rated as worth a million, but if he
breaks his promises regarding payments or fulfillments of
contracts, he will find later on those who deal with him will
insist upon cash transactions.

AN IOWA BUSINESS POINTER

If you want to know something about Iowa prosperity
and the product for bigger yields from Iowa farmlands ask
the tile factory. The tile factories are working every man
they can get attempting to supply the vast demand for tile
wherewith thousands of acres of unproductive or uncertain
land is being brought to full tillage and a full crop every
year. Ask the tile man.

He will tell you of hundreds of farmers who are laying
hundreds of miles of tile and of other hundreds who would
lay other miles if they could get the tile and the labor to dig
the ditches wherein to lay it. He will tell of his hard work
to sell tile a few years ago and of his present effort to keep
this farmer and that waiting for the factory to catch up in¬
stead of trying to buy abroad and ship in. And the main
reason why the farmer waits is because every other tile-
maker is in the same fix as the local men.

That long slough that you remember up in the counties
where you shot ducks is gone. A cornfield occupies the
ground where you couldn’t wade with hip boots a few years
ago. The long stretch of sloughy valley that was the abode
of innumerable jacksnipe and seemed utterly unfit for farm¬
ing is now worth a hundred dollars an acre if you can buy
an acre of it at any price. It is the best land on the farm.
Big drainage ditches have carried away the water, innumer¬
able laterals are draining into the big ditch. The ground
that was dear at $20 is now raising corn. It averaged fifty
bushels to the acre and he sold it this spring at 70 cents.

Ask the man who makes tile what is doing that will add
to the prosperity of the state and the trade for which he
merchant is insatiably watching. Ask the man who lays tile
how many jobs he has been forced to turn down and count
the long snaky curves that tell the story of tile laid and work¬
ing. Then figure the additional crop at the prices current.
It is a business pointer.

OBITUARY

Fred Korff, a pioneer brick manufacturer, while tempor¬
arily not in his right mind, committed suicide at his home
near Drake, Mo.

Edward Scales, aged 65 years, died at the home of his son,
Charles J. Scales of Tottenville, L. I., N. Y., with bright’s
disease. He had been engaged for the last eight years with
the Atlantic Terra Cotta Co.

John Weber, a well known and highly respected citizen
of Sayreville, N. J., died at his home after an illness of two
days. He was the superintendent of one of the large brick
works of Sayreville.

W. H. Corbill, in a fit of despondency, caused by ill health,
committed suicide at his home, 41 1 Colley avenue, Norfolk,
Va. He was a well known brick contractor and builder.

FIRE! FIRE!! FIRE!!!

Fire of unknown origin completely destroyed the drying
sheds of the Fultonham Brick Co.’s lower plant at Axline,
Ohio. The -loss is estimated at $2,000. It will be rebuilt at
once.

A $5,000 loss was sustained by the North Iowa Brick &
Tile Co. by a big drying kiln being burned. The plant was
fully covered by insurance. Plant located at Mason City, la.

The large sheds over the kilns of the Cary Brick Co.’s
plant on Manor avenue, Cohoes, N. Y., became overheated
and were destroyed by fire causing $1,000 loss.

Seven horses valued at $1,500 were burned to death in the
barns of the Flanagan Bros. Brick Mfg. Co., at Second and
Lydia avenue, Kansas City, Mo., besides the loss of the
barn.

Fire, which originated in the oil house, completely de¬
stroyed the plant of the Hammond Fire Brick Co. at Ham¬
mond, W. Va. The loss is estimated at $50,000. The plant
will be rebuilt at once.

- - ♦ « -

TWO CHATTANOOGA JUSTICES TO MAKE
BRICK IN FLORIDA

A queer coincidence is the fact that two members of the
county court are to leave Chattanooga, Tenn., for Florida
to embark in the brick business, says the Chattanooga News.
These two justices are ’Squires W. M. Parks, of East Chat¬
tanooga, in the sixth district, and Thomas Cowart, of Hill
City, in the third district. The former is going to Dupont,
Fla., and the latter to Jacksonville. Both are to enter the
same business, to leave the same day and to go to the same
state.

’Squire Parks will return to Chattanooga after putting
into operation a brick plant for the W. J. White Manufac¬
turing Company. However, ’Squire Cowart will take up his
residence in Florida, it is said.

Mr. Parks is an experienced brickmaker, having estab¬
lished the Tennessee Brick Company, which is one of the
largest brick plants in the Chattanooga vicinity. ’Squire
Parks has not been actively engaged since bis retirement
from that company.

Some years ago Mr. Parks spent the winter in Florida,
putting in operation a brick plant. Mr. Parks will be gone
about two months, at which time he expects to have the new
plant fully under way.

accidents, damages, and losses

After a struggle lasting for several months, the Fort Scott
Brick Co., of Fort Scott, Kansas, has gone into involuntary
bankruptcy.

The Carnegie Brick & Pottery Co.’s plant was destroyed
by an explosion and Ed. Connolly, the engineer in charge,
had a narrow escape for his life.

Three men were seriously injured and many others slightly
injured by the falling of a kiln wall at the plant of the Col¬
linsville (Okla.) Vitrified Brick & Tile Co.

By a"cave-in of a clay bank at the Cary Brick Co.’s plant
at Cohoes, N. Y., George Briskin, an employee, was so seri¬
ously injured that it is believed he will not recover.

Frederick W. Beardslea has brought suit to enjoin the
Vallejo (Cal.) Brick & Tile Co. from disposing of any part
of their product, claiming a contract of exclusive selling
privilege.

The Clayton C. Bourne Brick Co., Dutchess Junction, N.
Y., has been sued for damages for the injury of one, George
Zejak, who allowed a part of a brick kiln to fall upon him
while working for the company.

OHIO LEADS IN POTTERY MAKING

Last vear pottery workers in the United States manu¬
factured $757,900 worth of the ordinary earthen flower
pots which are to be found leaking in almost every house¬
hold in the country throughout the winter season.

Considering the red earthen flower pots as they are
known to most householders in varying sizes, numbers,
and degrees of fragility anywhere from the basement to
the attic, this total doesn’t look up to much for one
year’s production. But Wese are manufacturers’ prices
quoted by the National Geological Survey, which remarks
that the red flower pot is about the cheapest thing that

is turned out in burnt clay, anyhow.

As to pottery manufacture in 1908, even with a falling
off of nearly 17 per cent from 1907, it was valued at
$25,135,555 for the twelve months, Trenton, N. J., turn¬
ing out $5,649,472 of this total, and East Liverpool, ().,
producing $4,050,384 worth of the many varieties of pot¬
tery ranging from a costly porcelain bathtub to the simp e
little red flower pot with the round hole in the bottom.

In the production of pottery of all kinds Ohio takes
the lead of all the states, with New Jersey second and
West Virginia third. However, thirty-seyen states of the
union have made reports on pottery manufactures. How
much Ohio leads in the industry may be seen in the fact
that in 1908 it turned out almost $11,000,000 of the total

pottery product. _

Falling off as the production did in 1908, still the

domestic product supplied 72.54 per cent of the domestic
consumption of the United States making a record in
this respect — while on the other hand $983, <60 worth of
pottery was exported. 4 he total imports for the year
fell off 22.54 per cent from 1907, showing a total loss
of $3,062,821 for 1908, most of which was in white table¬
ware.’ As the domestic loss in production largely was in
this same white tableware, the inference is that the hired
o-irl broke immensely fewer dishes last year than could
have been expected.

CLKY RECORD*

MISSOURI 1908-MADE BRICK WOULD CIRCLE

THE EARTH.

Missouri kilns manufactured 369,467,000 building
brick in 1908, enough, if laid end to end, to circle the
earth and leave a remainder sufficiently large to lay eight
courses across the continent from New York to San Fran¬
cisco, according to figures prepared by Archa B. Ed-
mondston, statistician for the State Bureau of Labor Sta¬
tistics. Their value was $3,811,588.

The stone and clay products of Missouri for last year
were valued at $8,904,013, which includes brick, cement,
lime, tile and fire proofing.

Missouri ranks fifth in the production of sand and
gravel, according to the Labor Bureau, and produced
$726,984 wo, th.

The following table show? he amount of stone and
clay products manufactured, their value, and the output
and value of the sand and gravel :

Stone and Clay Products.

Commodity and quantity. Value.

Brick, common, 219,526,000 . $1,465,311

Brick, vitrified, 56,805,000 . 647,097

Front brick, 32,136,000 . 356,758

Ornamental brick . 25,025

Drain tile . 76,865

Sewer pipe . - . 962,116

Fireproofing . 105,136

Fire brick, 60,544,000 . 1,357,387

Pottery, stoneware . 66.408

Miscellaneous products . 569,343

Lime, 167,060 tons . 701,321

Cement, 2,929,504 barrels . 2,571,236

Grand total value, all stone and clay products .$8,904,013

Sand and Gravel Output.

Commodity and quantity. Value.

Glass sand, 111.517 tons . $ 83,106

Molding sand, 41,719 tons . 21,640

Building sand, 1,767,794 tons . 427,050

Engine sand, 12,500 tons . 2,500

Fire sand, 2,820 tons . 996

Furnace sand; 23,300 tons . 16,655

Miscellaneous sand, 42,364 tons . . . 27,648

Gravel, 586,144 tons . 147,389

Grand total, 2,588,158 tons . $726,984

AMERICAN CLAY PLANT PLIES BRISK TRADE
IN DULL SEASON

One of the busiest plants in Terre Haute, Ind., at present
is the American clay works. A large force is kept con¬
stantly on duty and considering that this is usually the dull
season for clay workers, the company is doing an enormous
amount of business. An average of five or six carloads of
fireproof roofing is being sent out from the factory every
day. This makes an average of from thirty-five to forty
carloads a week, which is equal to an average output of from
700 to 800 tons.

The prosperity boom which struck this city appears to
have been particularly favorable to the American clay works.
The flood of business has carried the plant on past the criti¬
cal time and does not even permit of the usual semi-idle
season of the late fall. It is seldom that the firm has put out
more than a weekly average of 800 tons of this fireproof
roofing, even during the most rushing season, and the fact
that the plant is holding up to this standard at present is re¬
garded as an especially good indication for the coming year’s
business.

ATLAS ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES, CARS AND

TRUCKS

During the last decade, owing to the great necessity of
economical production in industrial plants, it has become
necessary for the producer to look towards a more efficient
and economical manner of transporting both the raw and
finished material about the plant.

As almost all industrial plants are now using electric
power, in some form or another, it is to this source that the
producer must look for a solution of his problem; hence the
electric locomotive.

The general cleanliness and the absence of all smoke and
gases makes their use particularly desirable and especially
so around buildings.

The Electric Locomotive for the same service is lighter
and more compact than a steam locomotive. It can be
handled by a single, comparatively unskilled operator, is al¬
ways ready for service and consumes no fuel when idle.

A small Electric Locomotive and one man can in a few
hours accomplish the same amount of work that ordinarily
would require several men an entire day. The expense for
power furnished a io-ton locomotive, based on a rate of five
cents per K. W. hour, will not average much more than 30
or 40 cents a day.

Electric Locomotives can be divided into three classes, viz.,
1. Plain Storage Battery. 2. Combination Storage Battery
and Trolley or Third Rail. 3. Plain Trolley or Third Rail.

If you are interested in Electric Locomotives write at once
to the Atlas Car & Manufacturing Co. at Cleveland, Ohio,
asking them for their Bulletin No. 1090 on Electric Locomo¬
tives, Cars and Trucks.

RECEIVES NEW LOCOMOTIVE WITH WHICH
COMPANY WILL HAUL ITS CLAY TO
FACTORY

The Hancock Brick and Tile Company, Findlay, Ohio, is
branching out some. For a long time the company has been
hauling, by wagons, the clay used for the manufacture of
brick and tile, from a forty acre tract recently purchased in
Marion township, a portion of the old Henry Byal farm, a
distance of two miles or more, but the company, during the
past season, erected a railroad leading to the farm.

Hereafter the clay will be hauled over this miniature rail¬
way, the motive power being steam, as an eight-ton loco¬
motive has been purchased and placed on the track. The
addition of this track and engine to the property of the com¬
pany will result in a great increase in product of the factory.
The company has been greatly handicapped for a year or
two by its inability to fill orders rapidly enough. This state
of affairs will not exist in the future.

THE HENDRICK’S COMMERCIAL REGISTER
OF THE U S. A.

The Hendricks Register is issued annually by the S. E.
Hendricks Co., 74 Lafayette street, New York. It is a regis¬
ter for the buyer and seller, and contains over 350,000 names
and addresses of American manufacturers, classified under
35,774 heads representing every machine, material, tool,
apparatus and specially required in the Architectural, engi¬
neering, mechanical, electrical, manufacturing, railroad,
mine, mill, quarrying and all kindred industries embracing
everything.

The book contains over 1,300 pages, and costs $10.00 per
issue express charges prepaid from New York. It contains
a complete list for building and construction, contractors,
power transmission, heating and ventilating, municipal work,
hardware, machinery and many other very valuable mailing
lists of the entire country. Send for a prospectus, which in¬
cludes index of contents.

CLAY RECORD.

ROME BRICK WORKS CHANGES HAND-

The plant of the Morrison-Trammell Brick Company,
Rome, Ga., has been purchased by D. B. Hamilton. Jr., and
Charles C. Harper, who have taken charge and commence
the work of making repairs and installing new machinery,
which will greatly enlarge the capacity of the plant. D. B.
Hamilton, Jr., is in active charge as manager.

The purchase followed the dismissal of bankruptcy pro¬
ceedings against the Morrison-Trammell Company. The
firm settled with its creditors for 60 cents on the dollar to
unsecured creditors, and full payment to those secured,
fudge W. T. Newman has signed an order dismissing the
case from the United States court. Immediately afterwards
preliminary negotiations for the purchase of the plant,
which had been in progress for several days, were closed up.

It is the purpose of Messrs. Hamilton and Harper to over¬
haul the present plant and to install new machinery of the
latest approved type. Within thirty days they will be able
to turn out sewer pipe of any size, and all kinds of brick.
Experts who have examined the clay on the property of the
company state that it is the best south of the Ohio river for
the purpose of making sewer-pipe. All indications point to
a wide sale of the product, and for the immediate success of
the new company, which will shortly be incorporated as the

Standard Sewer Pipe Company.

Messrs. Morrison and Trammell and associates will build
a new yard on the west side of town and will soon be making
brick for their trade. Both parties are well and favorably
known to the trade.

TROJANS ABSORB BRICK COMPANY

The plant of the Dover Fire Brick Company at Gleaston,
Pa., has been taken over by Trojans, who have absorbed most
of the capital stock to the amount of $150,000. Control of
the stock was secured a month ago, but the business was not
passed until a few days ago, when the stock was taken up.
The plant has had an output capacity of 30,000 brick a day,
but under the new control it will be enlarged and its product
greatly increased. The company paid, it is said, one per
cent a month dividend. The directors of the new company
are William C. Geer, William Sleicher and H. S. McLeod,
of Troy; Frank D. Halstead, formerly of this city, now of
Lockhaven, Pa., and Irving Gleason, of Gleaston, Pa., a
member of the old company. The officers of the new com¬
pany are: William C. Geer, president; William Sleicher,
vice president ; Harry S. Sleicher, secretary and treasurer.

CLAY PRODUCTS COMPANY AT FORT DODGE
PLAN UNIQUE RAILWAY

Fort Dodge, la., Nov. 23.— A unique improvement for any
city is to be installed here at once by the Plymouth Clay
Products Company, in the form of an aerial tramway, one
span of which will be 600 feet across the river. Others of
less length will complete the tram which, entire, will be fully
a mile in length, reaching from one bluff, across the Des
Moines, its wide valley clearing the other bluff, and circling
a big shed which will hold ten thousand tons of clay.

The tramway is being built as a method of transferring
timber, clay, gypsum and coal from a piece of land belong¬
ing to the company, to the company manufactories. The
land was bought for farm land sometime ago and develops
finest quality clay and gypsum, a good vein of coal which
will be used to operate the mill and factory and has 150 acres
of timber which will be used for crating sewer pipe. The
timber is valued at $15,000.

The tramway will be equipped with passenger cars as well
as freight cars. The latter will carry 1,500 pounds of ma¬
terial and travel at 300 feet per minute. It has steel rails,
wire cables and is suspended on towers from twelve to sixty
feet in height. The right of way is already purchased ana is
25 feet in width.

MILWAUKEE TO HAVE A BIG SILICA
QUARTZ MILL

Milwaukee probably is to have a large plant for the re¬
duction of quartz into pure silica. It will be only the third
of its kind in the United States.

The Michigan Quartz Silica Company, which alraedy has
a large plant on its mine near Ishpeming, Mich., has secured
an option on the Milwaukee Cement Company’s plants and
probably will soon sign a lease for one of them. 1 he com¬
pany also is considering a plant in Chicago, however.

Directors of the company have determined to locate the
general offices in Milwaukee and a large suite has been
rented in the new engineering building now in process of
construction on Second street.

The proposed Milwaukee plant will turn out the greater
part of the company’s product, although the Ishpeming plant
will be operated as usual. The new plant will employ about
fifty men and will be equipped with the most modern ma¬
chinery. . . ,

The Michigan Quartz Silica Company is capitalized at
$500,000. The greater part of its stock is owned in Mil¬
waukee and two of its officers, Assistant Treasure^ Charles
E. Miller and General Sales Manager Carl F. Keck, are
Milwaukeeans. Mr. Keck. also is manager of the Milwaukee

office. ... .

Milwaukee was favored for the location of the new plant
because of its importance and convenience as a shipping
center, because better labor can be obtained here and because
so much heavy machinerv is made here.

Reduction of quartz into silica is a new, but growing in¬
dustry. Aside from the Michigan company’s plant at Ish¬
peming, there is but one other of its kind in the country

in Massachusetts. ,

Great carloads of white quartz from the company s mine
will be shipped direct to the Milwaukee plant. Here the
glistening white crystals will be run through machinery un¬
til it is reduced to the finest of white powders.

Silica powder is chiefly used by paint manufacturers, t
is a valuable ingredient in paint, but particularly in wood
filler. Silica always is crystalline and therefore the tiny par¬
ticles cling to wood and imbed themselves in it. Coarser
grades of silica powder are used in pottery and some soaps.
The powder is made up and shipped in bags, like salt.

Officers of the Michigan Quartz Silica Company are:
President, Edward Copps, Ishpeming; vice president, Otto
Eger, Ishpeming; secretary, J. O. Gingrass, Ishpeming
treasurer William M. Noon, Marquette, Mich.; assistant
treasurer, C. E. Miller, Milwaukee; general sales manager
and manager of the Milwaukee office, C. F. Keck, Mil¬
waukee.

GETS DAMAGE IN SUIT AGAINST LABOR

UNION

A verdict for $2,2’,/] was returned by a jury in favor of
John D. Carbaugh. Fort Smith, Ark., against James Red¬
dick and E. I. Klein, of the Bricklayers Union No. 8, Fort
Smith, and Jacob Meir and F. M. McCalley, of Union No.
T4, in Tudge Hon’s court.

Carbaugh is a local contractor and manufacturer. He de¬
clared the union had boycotted his product because he re¬
fused to employ union labor. In the course of his testimony
he cited several examples in which he claimed he was kep
from getting work bv the action of the unions. This is the
first time in' the history of the Sebastian county courts where
a verdict of this character was rendered. _ It is also said that
the verdict is the onlv one of its kind in Arkansas. It is

likelv that the case will be appealed. ,

When the case first went to trial the plaintiff tried to have

T,,vW T Twn hnld union men ineligible to serve as Jurors, on

the ground that union men would be prejudiced against his
cause The court refused to do so and declared union O;
non-union men could serve if they were accepted.

clay

is 2

THt, A Mt RICAN CLAY CO. BUYS THE
NATIONAL CO.

i he . merican Clay Machinery Company of Bucyrus and
Willoughby. Ohio, have purchased the brick press interests
of the National Brick Machinery Co. of Chicago. ihe
latter concern manufactured and sold a line of dry press
brick machinery, making a specialty of the National-Simp-
son Dry Press, the invention of Mr. P. L. Simpson, who is a
pioneer in this branch of the brick machinery line.

About the time of the purchase, The American Clay
Machinery Co. also opened up a Chicago office at 814
Chamber of Commerce Bldg, and put Mr. H. S. .Simpson
in charge of this branch. Mr. Simpson is a son of P. L.
Simpson and has had considerable experience in the brick
and brick machinery business. He was formerly secretary
and treasurer of the National Brick Machinery Co., and is
exceedingly well fitted to manage the office for the American
Clay Machinery Co. He is well and favorably known
throughout the country as an honest and energetic young
man who is well able to handle in a very satisfactory man¬
ner all problems confronting the brick manufacturer and
at the same time render his customers prompt and efficient
service when called upon to do so.

Mr. P. L. Simpson is also connected with the American
Clay Machinery Co., and has his headquarters in the Chicago
office. It is unnecessary to speak further of Mr. Simpson,
Sr., as he has been “in harness” so many years he is known
the country over as being a practical and experienced man,
fully acquainted with all the “ins and outs” of the brick and
clay working business.

The American Clay Machinery Co. has certainly acquired
two valuable men and also added a line of machinery to their
already large list, so that they are in a position to take care
of all requirements of present and prospective bricktnakers.

ALBERTA CLAY PRODUCTS COMPANY
BUILDING NEW PLANT

The Alberta Clay Products Company have started the
building of their enormous plant at Medicine Hat, Al¬
berta, Canada. The officers are James Campbell, Presi¬
dent; G. W. Markham, Vice-President and Warren Over-
paek, Treasurer and General Manager. None of these
gentlemen need an introduction to the clay trade as they
are old and reliable hands at it.

A White dry press, manufactured by the Chicago Brick
Machinery Company, Chicago, Illinois, is now being in¬
stalled and will be ready to make brick in a few days.

Soon after New Years they expect to begin the main
buildings, the foundations of which are already in. The
boiler house will be 48x48 feet, and will house three high
pressure boilers, developing 450 horse power, adjoining
will be the engine room 30x48 feet, in which will be the
Corliss engine, the pumps, and the dynamo for the elec¬
tric light of the plant.

The clay room for the storage of clay will be 140x48
feet two stories high. The machine room will be 50x60
feet, three stories high and will contain the three wet pans
and one dry pan and the sewer pipe machinery.

The dry press room will be 40x40 feet, three stories
high and will contain a dry pan and dry press machinery.
In the dryer will be a power elevator and gravity ele¬
vators. The building will be heated with steam from the
exhaust and live steam by night. The main building will
be 256x80 and four stories high.

When completed they will manufacture sewer pipe,
drain pipe, wall coping, common and dry pressed brick
and other clay products and it will be one of the best
plants in western Canada.

SPECIAL REPORT OF BRICK AND CEMENT
WORKS IN HUNGARY

The report of Special Agent Capt. Godfrey L. Carden in
the Government service describes his observations at the
Resicza works in Hungary, says : "In the mountains of
southeastern Hungary, in the V indicated by the Servian and
Roumanian frontier lines, is Resicza. It is a small place, so
far as cities go, but it represents in its population one of the
most interesting iron and steel works in Europe. What
Ivrupp is to Germany and Le Creusot to France, so Resicza
is to Hungary. A grade of steel is being turned out in these
Hungarian works the equal, it is claimed, of the best in the
world.”

Resicza is making all its own fire brick and has a very
complete plant for this industry. There is a Robbins type
of belt conveyor in service in the brickworks. The gas used
for drying the brick comes from two producers of the type
of the Morgan Construction Company. These producers
were built by Resicza. Women are employed to a large ex¬
tent at the brickworks. I observed that blast-furnace slag
is being worked up into brick. The slag is granulated by
water and is mixed with lime and pressed into brick. These
slag brick are air dried for a period of about six months
and later are used for building purposes. They are cheaper
than burnt brick, but naturally are not as good, since the
mechanical strength is inferior. I observed one Worthing¬
ton pump at the brickworks, but aside from this pump the
equipment is largely German. Most of the brickwork’s
equipment came from Osnabruck. Beyond the brickworks,
and nearer to the water-power plant, are a number of dwell¬
ings which have been erected by Resicza for the use of the
workmen. These houses are mostly provided with three
rooms and kitchen and are rented, I understand, for about
12 crowns ($2.44) per month.

The annual output of the brick kilns in Resicza is 1,800
tons of tile and nearly 1,000 tons of fire brick. As high as
4,000,000 brick are made annually from granulated blast
furnace slag. In addition there is a brick kiln which the
company is operating in Roman-Bogsan, annually producing
an average of nearly 3,000,000 building brick.

The company’s lime-kilns in Kolcza and Cravicza have
an annual output, respectively, of 6,000 and 8,000 tons of
burnt lime.

In Oravicza a cement factory of the same company is
producing annually about 2,500 tons of cement, and in,
Cravicza there is a petroleum refinery and machine factory
having an annual output of from 6,000 to 8,000 tons.

THE AMERICAN PULVERIZER DOING GOOD
WORK IN IOWA

William H. Shaw, the well known superintendent of the
Grinnell (la.) Brick & Tile Co. plant says, “That the Ameri¬
can Pulverizer, made by the American Pulverizer Co. of
St. Louis, Mo., is a godsend to the clay worker — one that
will do the work at all times of the year and give quality and
satisfaction. That it has a dry pan skinned in a dozen ways.”

The American Ring-Hammer Pulverizer will pulverize
anything you want to throw into it, be it broken or un¬
broken tile or brick, refuse sewer pipe, shale, limestone, etc.
This machine has been working over five months and. has
more than given satisfaction. No signs of wear of rings,
hammers or grate bars. It funs very easily and almost
noiseless. Present indications lead us to believe that one set
of rings, hammers and bars will last two years without any
repair expense.

Owing to the manner in which the grate bars are installed,
the machine can be adjusted for many kinds of work. We
are grinding broken tile, brick, cinders from the boiler, and
frequently throw in dry and green clay with this, refuse.”

GLMY RECORD.

MR. KACHELMACHER RETIRES FROM BUSI¬
NESS AND IS SUCCEEDED BY THE
VICE-PRESIDENT

N. L. C. Kachelmacher, of Columbus, Ohio, has resigned
the Presidency of the Columbus & Hocking Coal & Iron Co.,
and in all probabilities will go abroad in order to restore his
health.

In July, 1904, Mr. Kachelmacher went to Columbus and
took charge of the Company’s affairs. At that time the
company enjoyed a fair business, but soon after, when Mr.
Kachelmacher had matters well in hand the business in¬
creased by leaps and bounds and the old company once again
resumed its place as leader in the Hocking Field which title
it enjoyed before the big coal strike in 1884.

Possessed with boundless energy, Mr. Kachelmacher for-
saw in the clay deposits on the company’s properties great
possibilities, and decided on an expert examination of the
quality and quantity of the deposits. The company’s enor¬
mous holdings were systematically drilled and samples of
the various seams extracted. The results even surpassed
expectations, and the various ceramic products made at this
experimental stage convinced Mr. Kachelmacher and his
corps of experts that they had for their future profit the
finest clay in the world. A subsidiary company was formed,
and from this first investigation has grown the plant at
Kachelmacher, which is the most modern in the world. All
the history of thousands of years of brick-making is behind
it and it stands todav as the most perfect example of the
most ancient craft turned into an exact science by the use
of brains and modern machinery. One of the most curious
things in connection with the great plant is that its name
“Kachelmacher,” taken from the enterprising originator,
whose family is the only one bearing that patronymic means
“Brickmaker.”

For the past three years Mr. Kachelmacher has devoted
much of his attention to the completion of the brick plant
which started the manufacturing of high grade facing brick
in the fall of 1908, and under his sturdy guidance has brought
. to the old company a world-wide reputation as manufactur¬
ers of brick.

The famous “Kachelmacher” brick has won universal
favor throughout the country and the demand for this brick-
has been so great that the company has been forced to install
two extra brick machines, and is now busily engaged in
erecting another twenty-chamber continuous kiln. The capa¬
city of the plant, after the completion of the present construc¬
tion work will then be 250,000 facing brick per day.

Henry Stanley Haskins of New York, former vice-presi¬
dent has been elected president to succeed Mr. Kachel¬
macher.

HISTORY OF THE CLAY WORKING INDUSTRY

The history of the Clay working industry in the United
States by Heinrich Ries, Ph. D., is the latest addition to the
clay manufacturers library. It is an 8vo, 270 page, well il¬
lustrated book and costs $2.50 net.

It treats on the history of the country by states, as only
such noted men as Prof. Ries can describe.

John Wiley & Sons, well known book publishers of New
York city, are the publishers and can furnish you a copy, or
you can purchase them from the Clay Record, whichever
way you see fit.

EXPLOSION WRECKS THE CARNEGIE TERRA

COTTA PLANT

Stockton, Cal., November 23. — Information reached here
that a second explosion at the Carnegie Terra Cotta Brick
& Pottery Company plant wrecked the terra cotta plant and
probably fatally burned Ed. Connolly. The officers of the
plant again made a most strenuous effort to suppress the
news of the accident, following as it did on the heels of the
boiler explosion of last Sunday, in which John McCorkill
and Mrs. McDermott were dangerously injured.

Ed. Connolly, the engineer in charge at the terra cotta
works, walked around the boilers in search of the fireman,
and as he passed the front of one of the furnaces there was
a terrific explosion of gas that had accumulated under the
three boilers. The building was a sheet of flames in a few
seconds and the entire plant was destroyed. Connolly was
thrown to one side and terribly burned, but managed to
stagger to his feet and get outside of the structure before
losing consciousness.

This completely wrecks two of the three plants at Car¬
negie, the pottery department some two and a half miles
away being the only one left intact. The loss will be a heavy
one as the machinery is quite costly. The company is mak¬
ing an effort to secure boilers to start up again as it has
large contracts- for terra cotta to be filled. One of the boilers
of the brick plant still remains on the side hill 200 feet above
and 500 feet from the building from which it was blown.
The wreckage was strewn around the vicinity for a quarter
of a mile in every direction.

MINNESOTA WANTS MORE BRICK PLANTS

The wonderful growth and development of Minneapolis,
Minn., makes the city an ideal location for brickmaking
plants.

Minneapolis has ten brickyards, manufacturing almost
one-fourth of the entire output of the state of Minnesota.
The companies are capitalized at about $350,000 and employ
about 900 men during the busy seasons of the year. The
monthly payroll amounts to approximately $67,500.

With building permits mounting up close to the million
mark every month there is ample market for all the brick
that can be turned out. The total output during the past
year will be in the neighborhood of 40,000,000 brick with a
valuation of about $300,000.

FEED WATER FILTRATION

A new and greatly enlarged edition of “Feed Water Fil¬
tration” is being distributed gratis by James Beggs & Co.,
109 Liberty St., New York. This book explains how oil,
dirt, etc., get into feed water, what damage they do within
the boilers, and how to remove such impurities before this
can occur. It tells how water of condensation and returns
from heating systems may safely be used to cut down the
coal and water bills and it explains the advantages and dis¬
advantages of various methods of filtration. Numerous
instances are cited where filtration through terry cloth at
the last point in the line before water enters the boilers has
proven successful after other methods have failed. The
Blackburn-Smith Feed Water Filter and Grease Extractor
is described in detail. Engineers will find this book well
worth writing for.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln A™d tn L=^s

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile. Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

_ • _#• Cheapness in construction. F.asv to understaud and oper te. Perfectly tree from any nuisance. Will save more than

fn?h£f ‘of' “the’ used on “Ther Ws * pedal?? adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and wh.ch is being done most successfully

Address, H# HA I G H* C3tski.ll) Y*

GLAY RECORD.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

Wauseon, Ohio, has a new $10,000 tile works.

The Crush (Texas)' Brick & Tile Co. have filed proof
of final payment of the capital stock.

The Kalona (la.) Brick & Tile Co. will start the en¬
larging of their plant in the near future.

G. W. Oaks of Columbus Junction, Iowa, has sold his
brick and tile factory to Clifford Long of Washington,

Iowa. . . —

The Plass Bros, are constructing a brick kiln in which
to commence the manufacture of fire proof brick at Elgin,
Oregon.

The Worlds Mfg. Co., R. F. D. No. 2, Box 51, Hazel-
hurst, Ga., wants prices on brick making machinery.

The manufacture of brick has commenced at Alturas,
Modoc Co., Calif., and its success has already been
demonstrated.

George Sackriter, Mahomet, Ill., is dismantling his
brick making plant. He has been engaged in the business
there for 30 years.

The Bartlett Brick Co.’s plants at Hudson and Roseton,
N. Y., were sold to Senator John B. Rose and added to
the Rose chain of brick works.

The Crawfordsville (Ind.) Shale Brick Co. has in¬
creased its capital stock from $25,000 to $50,000 and will
use the increase to improve the plant.

John Devlin of Iola, Kansas, is considering the build¬
ing of a brick plant at Dewey, Okla. The Dewey Com¬
mercial Club are working for the plant.

D. N. Lanyon, of Hillsdale, Ind., has sold his interest
in the Hillsdale Fire Brick & Clay Works to the W. L.
Raynes Co., who will operate the plant in the future.

An up-to-date fire brick works is to be built at W orthy
(Mail Newport), on the C. & E. I. Ry., four miles south
of Newport, Ind., by D. N. Lanyon of Hillsdale, Ind.

The Tyro (Kansas) Brick Works, A. C. Darrow, man¬
ager, is making extensive improvements to the plant to
meet the increasing demands. He will put in a large
steam shovel.

The Eureka Fire Brick Co., Mt. Braddock, Pa., is pre¬
paring to increase the capacity of the plant by putting in
a new shape floor. 1 he company has orders for three
months ahead.

The Minnesota Farmers’ Brick & Tile Co., Austin,
Minn., have started the construction of a $400,000 tile
plant. The Barr plant is included in the purchase of land
by the new company.

The Peerless Tile & Mfg. Co., Union City, Ind., has
been incorporated with $15,000 capital stock. The presi¬
dent is J. J. Dowling, vice-president Addison Steele, sec¬
retary J. R. Moffett and J. A. Shockney, secretary.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston FISKE & CO., Inc.,

What is generally known as the Paul Broquet Brick
Works at Norton, Kansas, has been bought by G. G.
Guthrie upon whose land the plant stands.

Catalogue “B” of the Union Steam Pump Co., Battle
Creek, Mich., is just off the press. Anyone wanting to
know about air compressors should send for one at once.

The Norfolk (Va.) Brick & Tile Co. has been incorpor¬
ated at Charleston, W. Va., with $500,000 capital stock.
The incorporators are: Delmar Lincoln, John Lewis, W. E»
Moore and others, of Charleston.

The Drake (Ill.) Clay Co. has been incorporated with
$100,000 capital stock to manufacture and deal in clay
and clay products. Incorporators are Wm. S. Porter,
J. T. Hanley and Thomas S. Ford.

J. E. Martin, owner of the Montpelier (Ind.) Tile
Works, in southwest part of the town, is making arrange¬
ments to greatly enlarge the capacity of the plant. He
will use waste heat for drying and add more kilns.

The Garrison Brick & Tile Works at Garrison, Iowa,
have been closed down for the season, selling all their
product excepting 15 carloads to local parties. They are
considering the increasing of facilities for the new year.

The Kenilworth (W. Va.) Brick Co. has made a $50,000
mortgage bond issue on their plant which is the first step
taken by John Porter towards extensive improvements to
be made to his brick concerns in Hancock County, W. Va.

The Duffney Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., has let the
contract to Wm. D. Tweedy, to construct its brick plant on
the site of the former Best Brick Co., one-half mile east of
Mechanicsville. He has started the work with a large force
of men.

Machinery has arrived at Jacksonville, Ill., for the new
brick and tile plant which is to be built on Henry St., by
J. N. Hairgrove of Virden and E. T. Harrison of Waverly.
The companv will be incorporated under the Jackson¬
ville Tile Co.

FOR

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

AMERICAN PROCESS CO.,

68 William St. NEW YORK CITY

OLAY RECORD.

The Castanea (Pa.) Brick & Tile Co. will enlarge their
plant by adding improvements and machinery to make paving
brick and hollow tile.

W. F. Crow of Benton, Ill., has been secured as manager
of the Alsey (Ill.) Brick & Tile Co.’s works, and five new
kilns are now being erected.

The Portage Silica Sand & Gravel Co. has purchased the
plant of the Leavittsburg (Ohio) Brick & Tile Co., and will
soon take possession and operate the plant.

The Stark Electric Railway Co. located a deposit of ex¬
cellent fire clay upon their Lake Park, (mail Canton) Ohio
property while excavating for a foundation for a new engine.

James Thomas and S. R. Wolfe have purchased a stiff
mud outfit and will establish a plant just south of the Edward
Miner Brick Works at Lewistown, Ill., using shale to make
brick.

The Robinson Clay Products Co., Akron, Ohio, during the
coming spring will erect a mammoth brick plant about a
mile north of Strasburg, Ohio, that will give employment to
350 men.

The Corwith (la.) Brick & Tile Co. have decided to re¬
build their brick and tile works under the old articles of in¬
corporation, which was $20,000. Mr. Holdridge is the prin¬
ciple owner.

The New Superior Brick Co., Rockford, Ill., has been in¬
corporated with $25,000 capital stock. The incorporators
are: John E. Myers, W. W. Sawyer and E. W. Baker. They
will build a plant on the site of the old Superior Brick Co.^

The Dodd Town Site Co., Dodd City, Marion Co., Ark.,
has been incorporated and will develop the lands, and manu¬
facture brick. A. F. Johnson of Springfield, Mo., is the
general manager and P. B. Campbell of Harrison, Ark., as¬
sistant manager.

The Central Jersey Improvement Co., Perth Amboy, N. J.,
has been incorporated with $125,000 capital stock, to mine
clay and sand and deal in brick and building materials. The
incorporators are : Herman Philo, Ben. Goldberger and Isaac
B. Esberg.

The Municipal Tile Works at Natchez, Miss., has been
started again by street commissioner Rutherford, after be¬
ing idle for several months, they make tile from 12 to 24
inches, and they cost 50 per cent less than if they were obliged
to buy them.

The Diamond City Brick Co., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., a $60,000
corporation, has elected the following officers: Wm. H.
Amesbury, president ; John J. Ruckers, vice-president ; Peter
H. Kehoe, treasurer ; Daniel H. Evans, secretary, and Arthur
Root, general manager. A 20-year lease has been secured
on the Lueder farm at Buttonwood.

The West Virginia Clay Products Co., Charleston, W. Va.,
has been incorporated with $200,000 capital stock.

Emmons Bros., of Meridian, Miss., wants information on
brick and tile machinery, especially for tile drainage.

Hon. Charles Moulton is having tests made of clays and
expects to build a brick and tile plant at Lucasville, Ohio.

A new 250 h.p. engine has just been placed in operation
at the Trinidad (Col.) Brick & Tile Works; this doubles the
capacity of the plant.

J. H. Zacharias, of Stroudsburg, Pa., has finished making
brick for the season. He expects to increase the capacity of
the plant in the spring.

Simon Kline, the veteran brick maker at West Reading,
Pa., is improving his plant again. He operates with 18 men
making over 6,000,000 brick yearly.

The Electric City Brick Co., Augusta, Ga., has been in-
porporated with $25,000 capital stock by J. H. McKenzie,
W. J. Burnside and J. E. Brown.

Batdorf & Co., Burlington, Kansas, have built a new kiln
at their plant which has greatly increased their capacity and
improved the quality of ware. It cost $1,800.

The drouth in Oklahoma, which caused many brick plants
to shut down on account of water, and the drilling for gas
suspended for want of moisture, has been broken.

F. M. Derrickson, who has been connected with the Corry
(Pa.) Brick & Tile Co. since its organization, has severed
his connections with the firm and moved to Kenton, Ohio.

The Pardue-Warmann Brick Works, Eden, (mail Clay¬
ton) Mo., has been incorporated with $16,000 capital stock
by J. P. Pardue, M. Pardue, William H. Warmann and
others.

W. J. Mitchell has opened up a yard to make brick at
Imperial, Cal., on account of the high prices charged by the
outside brick makers, and has secured Joe Rathburn to make
th.6 brick

The Albert Lea (Minn.) Brick & Tile Co. have closed
down their plant for the season after a very successful one.
It is the intentions to make extensive improvements during
the winter.

The Rome (Ga.) Brick Co. have started to rebuild their
brick plant which was destroyed by fire last summer. . The
new plant will cost about $55,000 and will have a capacity of
100,000 brick daily. J. R. Rounsaville is secretary of the
company.

The Empire Brick Co., Salt Lake City, Utah, has been
incorporated with $150,000 capital stock. W. J. Burton is
president; P. E. Hatch, vice-president; M. Thomas, secre¬
tary ; R. P. Morris, treasurer. The company takes over the
property of the Hatch Brick Co., at Bountiful.

The Johnson Non-Detachable Folding and Sliding Deck

Is adapted for any style of Dryer Car

The deck can be
placed on either
side or center of
the car for load¬
ing or unloading
without remov¬
ing from the car.

The J ohnson
deck is a labor
and material sa¬
ver and is especially so when permanent kilns are used

The Johnson deck can be made of wood, steel or galvanized
iron and of malleable iron or drop forgings.

For further information address

CHARLES H. JOHNSON, 1824 Greenleaf St., Chicago, III.

CLHY RECORD.

FOR SALE.

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Knameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE

One Four Mold Simpson Dry Press
One Fernholtz Pulverizer.

One 40 h. p. Engine and Boiler. Also shafting,
pulleys, etc. Have extra mold box for dry press.
Will sell all or any part of this machinery.

ED SHANNON,

Shellsburg, Iowa

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Eouis, Mo.

Brick Plant for Sale or Lease

Ferguson’s Wharf, James River, Va.

FOR SALE.

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 3!4 to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. E- FINK,

Bricelyn, Minn.

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

FOR SALE

Right and left-hand One, Two aud Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALE.

Sand-Lime Brick Plant in excellent condition,
making granite pressed facing brick and standard
grade of sterling quality, on four railroads, close
to large markets, good trade, unable to fill orders
now. A snap if taken at once. Write us.

Address "506” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

WANTED

Adddress ‘MICHIGAN” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE. CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition. CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,
57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, Ind.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Bum Q9 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
618 14ih St., N. E. Washington, D. C.

DRY PRESS FOR SALE

We have for sale one American four mold dry
press, as good as new. A bargain if sold at once.

Des Moines Clay Mfg. Co.

Des Moines, la.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Care of Clay Record, Chicago Ill.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
uing concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa-
Cannot supply the demand. All hew machinery-
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire clay proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales mauaging interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

“LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

Paper Jogger* quoted.

R. A. HART, 41 White St.t

Ro better made, cut iron.
$8 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel. $3.25

Guaranteed.

Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK, MICH

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on file
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

To sell all or a two-thirds interest in an up-to-date
Brick Plant and Coal Mines, excellent shale for
street block, 12 feet of fire clay, two coal mines, both
operated with compressed air machine, with more
orders than can be taken care of. An excellent
proposition and a money maker, good reason for
selling, Manager wants to go South. If interested
write to, “BERT” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

DRYER CARS

We have on hand a lot of secoud hand single and
double deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-I
condition. We offer them at a very low price for
quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

E0R SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new.
Made about 200,000 brick. Guarenteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO.,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio

FOR SALE

Brick Yard within easy hauling distance of
Chicago. 13 acres, well equipped plant. Would
lease or make good proposition to man to make
investment and run the plant. Address
FRANCIS LASLOW,

79 Walnut St., Oshkosh, Wis.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River. Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon¬
opoly of best market in U. S. for drain tile to net
$20.' 0 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

75 Cents vs. 15 Cents

The Diesener Clay Cleanser

Eliminates Limestone — or Pyrites Troubles

This machine takes out the objectionable matter without necessitating the

process of crushing

The Diesener Clay Cleanser works upon plastic surface clay AS IT COMES FROM THE BANK,
after this clay has been well tempered and pugged in a suitable pug mill. The process of cleaning is as fol¬
lows:

An auger machine (as shown in the above halftone) pushes forth a solid bar of well-pugged and watered clay in stiff mud
condition. This bar slides down an inclined plane and is pushed against a rotary disc. The material of this disc is a special

iron alloy, discovered after many costly experiments. -ctamd

The disc by friction “sucks” the clay into and through a slot, and the foreign matter like PYRITES, LIMESTONE.
PEBBLES, SCREW-NUTS, WEED-ROOTS, and so on, if they are too big to pass through the slot, are caught in it and
and REMOVED from it CONTINUOUSLY and AUTOMATICALLY.

We wish to emphasize this particular feature of the Diesener Clay Cleanser —that it does not crush or pulverize the
pyrites or limestones and then mix the same into the clay. It takes them out without crushing or even without breaking.

Richard G. Hoffman

Sole Representative in the U. S. for lVIr. H. Diesener,
Charlottenburg, Germany

La Grange, Ill.

, i

‘iliifp®/

COOK

[P’ABRUZZl

1 NANSEN

I BEAT YOU TO IT

r y

" DON'T QUARREL, BOYS;

ANOTHER

American Triumph

The American Eagle Gets the Pole

All honor to a standard among Nations and a world
wide standard of machinery excellence

While Peary stops to argue and Cook stoops to cajole,

The eagle keeps on pressing brick to pave clear to the pole.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

Built

Centrifugal Clay Screen

IN OUR NEW CENTRIFUGAL CLAY SCREEN WE HAVE A RADICAL DEPART-
ure in Clay Screens. The motion is centrifugal instead of vibratory. 1 he life of the
machine is thus lengthened and the capacity increased. As the cut shows the screen is
made up of two hoppers substantially mounted on a steel frame. The screen plate is circular
with large screening surface. It is supported by spiders in a horizontal position. The spiders
are keyed to the vertical shaft which is connected to the driving shaft by a pair of bevel gears.

Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging perforations in the
plate.

Surrounding the vertical shaft is
a cast iron hopper or spout through
which the clay is fed on the screen
plate. This hopper can be raised or
lowered to regulate the flow of clay
on the screen. The hopper being al¬
ways full of clay keeps an even flow
to the screen. The screen as it re-
voles throws the clay from the center
to the outside of the screen plate, the
flow being even and regular. The
larger particles of clay, too large to
pass through the perforations, pass
over the screen plate to the outside
and fall through the outer housing
to a spout conveying them to the
grinding pan for regrinding. The
fine particles of clay sift through the
screen plate into the inner housings
or hopper and pass to a conveyor and
into a clay bin.

The whole operation is rapid and
thorough and the principle insures
great capacity and freedom from
troubles. Many of these screens have
been installed and are giving univer¬
sal satisfaction

In actual operation the No. 147
Screen, which has a screen plate six
feet in diameter, is screening equal
to the capacity of two nine-foot
dry pans. We also build this screen .

with a four foot screen which will handle clay to the capacity of one pan. Full particulars
as to construction and operation of this screen will be sent upon request

We build every machine and appliance required for the manufacture of every class of clay
products by all processes. We are much the largest manufacturers of Clay Working Machinery
in the world. Manufacturing as we do every machine and appliance right m our own facto¬
ries we are better prepared to serve you at a saving in time and money than are others.

CLHY RECORD.

TO THE EXACTING BUYER OF DRY AND WET PANS OUR LINE APPEALS
str-mgly because of the superiority of design and excellence of material and workmanship
all of which are features which are of the greatest importance in the permanent satis¬
factory operation of pans. The capacity of a pan depends largely upon its design and
construction, and the distinctive features embodied in our line of pans have given them a greater
capacity than others and have insured more working hours per pan with fewer delays and
repairs than can be had from other styles of pans. We have been generous in the design of
each pan our lines being the heaviest on the market. This' feature should be given special
consideration as a lighter weight pan is necessarily much cheaper and should not be compared

with our heavy, durable and
efficient machines.

Write for particulars on our “Divided Screen Plate’ which will make a big saving of screen plates. There in no machine
required for the manufacture of any clay product which we do not build. Each machine is superior in it’s class and of our
standard quality.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER

PRESSURE. _

40/ Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick

Elkhart, Indiana

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

JOHN C. BOSS

OFFICE: MONGER BLDG.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

F..a°st,... NEW YORK Vt-xT

Twenty long
years of time and
lr weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

ricketson mineral paint works

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. _

C. K, WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Send for full descriptive
Circulars

Hew CLAY FEEDER 1 MIXERS

Saves the labor of from 1 to 3 men In every factory, besides
mixing and feeding the clay evenly to the disintegrator
One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

SUMMITV1LLE DRAIN TILE COMPANY
Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Erlewine, Secy, and Treas.,

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana

^^Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst., will state that the type ' C ’
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is "making good m
pvptv wav and is all you claim for it. ... ,

Since’ installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less therebv reducing our weekly pay-roll S20-00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10* decreased our power 10*, and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, vou can easily see the great advantage we ha e

SinCA.nntShfs"saviiigeisFeffectedntecauserof the even, steady feeding of the clay
to our disintegrator. We have our tracks elevated about 9 feet above your
Feeder and Mixer, and we are enabled to dump about 25 car loads of clay
in our storage bin over the Feeder, and the Feeder takes care of all this clay
without anv further attention on our part.

Very truly yours,

Summitvillf. Drain Tile Co., Per James F. Morris, Vice-Pres.

MARION MACHINE. FOUNDRY and SUPPIYCO ,, Marlon, Ind.

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

Think of the sav-

THIS wonderful
* pump does the work
of two men, at a
small fraction of k
their wages, and |\
without argument.

It will pay for it¬
self in a very short time.

ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can efford
to be wiihout the marvelous

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to do its best — it can’t do
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honesty, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. ( 21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

Oi-AY RECORD.

Fire Bricks— =Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock! of Number One brick
. and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clay Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

\ SomethingfiNew In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tenuis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water Si., Norfolk. Va.

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
^Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

•

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

W*2 Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

. 30# to 60# less 3peed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL, FORCE

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
ims^contracted to do when sold. <m.

Revolving Screens, Air Separators
tfAsk for Circulars and Information]

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg'.,

ST. LOUIf, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis. 36 LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.
Eindrooth. Sliubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

•

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

VjrjLt/n I

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.,

FNGINFS — Corliss—' 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye 15x14 Erie 14-^x
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13>4xl5 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9)4x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard 72x16 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS— Eire Box — 80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.-

BOILERS— Vertical— 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc.

HEATERS— AH sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also full assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader” Injectors
and jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBUR0, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pan* for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Material*.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

The

Lightest K

Running

)ryer Car f

lade

having a dust proof roller bearing
box made of steel. No oil needed.
Write for description and prices

Vulcan Iron Works

MASON CITY,
IOWA

"A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS"

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr

Washington, D. C., March 19, igcg.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen:— Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You- We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent.

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

-4

The P. HAYDEN S. H. CO., Foundry and Machine Dept. J

Manufacturers of

WET AND DRY PANS, CLAY CRUSHERS, STEAM CLAY PRESSES,

RATTLERS, BRICK CARS, CARWHEELS, AXLES, KILN BANDS, etc. |

112 West Broad Street COLUMBUS, OHIO |

Masssive and nue.ll proportioned.
Best material.

Time tried and reliable.

Large capacity.
cAcurate mechanism.
Independent or yoked mutters.

Send for specifications and prices before buying.

This Crusher is specialty designed
and adapted for use as an auxiliary
to the dry pan.

Capacity 10 to 30 tons per hour.
Simply constructed and the strongest
machine of the kind on the market .

Send for circular and prices.

For testing paving brick.
i Built to the

standard specifications of the
• N. B. M. A.

Best material and workmanship.

Send for descriptive matter.

THE HAYDEN CEAY CRUSHER

THE HAYDEN DRY PAN.

THE HAYDEN
BRICK TESTING RATTEER

The American Sandstone Brick Machinery Co.

INCORPORATED APRIL, 1902
SAGINAW W. S., MICH.

Improved Saginaw Rotary Presses

Are now being built with extra table for making fancy brick,
on which double pressure is exerted.

uur plants are installed under the supervision of Prac¬
tical Engineers who know how Sand-Lime Brick should be
and can be made. We have Practical Plants Running

Successfully to show to prospective investors.

WE ARE NOT SCIENTISTS

We Produce Results, because we are the Oldest Practical
Sand-Lime Engineering Company Doing Business in the
United States, and we defy contradiction.

QPUIIDQ Perfected
oununo Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Briclryard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose sitperiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

adjustable tip

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

A well-tried and
proven Success.

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

Steel Brick Pallets

ALL STYLES

STYLE No. 4.

The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rigid . ( Patented . )

Built Right,

Price Right,
Write Us

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

USTIL-iIES, OHIO

GLHV RECORD.

Paul Puchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

HANDLE YOUR CLAY
WITH ONE MAN AND

The Thew Steam Shovels

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel — Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used instead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

LORAIN, OHIO

I _

BARRON DRYER COMPANY

Established 1879

MANUFACTURERS, PATENTEES and BUILDERS of the

CHICAGO IRON CLAD DRYERS
DARRON’S TENDER CLAY DRYERS

OFFICE AND SHOPS 1335 SLOAN STREET * -■ » «• CHICAGO

CARS, WHEELS, AXLES, DECKS, TURNTABLES
CASTINCS, FORGINGS, PIPE, VALVES, FITTINGS
RAILS, SPLICES, SPIKE, STRUCTURAL MATERIAL

CLHV RECORD.

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

STS SIMPLICITY

durability and

COMPLETE

mMk SATISFACTION
Zk// \ THROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

YARD SUPPLIES

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK

MOULDS 'iBBI

THAT

ARE

BUILT

FOR

HARO 1H

USAGE £

TRUCKS

WE BUILD DRY OR WET PARS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US

WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS’

STYLE *'P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE “P” BRICK MACHINE

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A

ft. I

k - • «l

« J, 11 W : t^

^0-' \ • 1

g.-

MF3R • Bp) '

I !*Oh>PJ WP)hqM qpJjH 0!>hpJ £|h(5WEh I

t rtcwru-f.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1906. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489
May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

From “Martin Patent System” Brick Dryer to Kilns

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. C0„ Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Good News For Tile Men

The Big Profits are in the Big Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

MILL

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick
Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

No. 217-E

trie Side Dump Car.

No. 146

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161-A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

CARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

....

'***

NO. 217 S

Either Side Rocker Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACK,

SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 128

: Deck Car
Iron Uprights.

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

nwp

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry'Car,

Atlas Car and Mfg*. Co

CIX.EVEI.AND, OHIO

UL'V-.r. .

THE Di55EMiNA'
OF ALL MATTERS
• PERTAiNirtG

TP THE —

IL/vr •

The Cost and Advantage of Using Brick .

Prank A. Brockway Operates Airship . . . ,

A Method of Overcoming the Sulphur Problem .

Eisenhart says He will not Rebuild Brick Plant Until He can get Fair
Deal ... ... ...

Brick of Quality Always in Demand
Calendars for 1910
The Diesener Clay-Cleanser

Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers’ Association Program

Wisconsin Model Sand-Time Brick Factory .

Brick Manufacturers’ Claims are Upheld . ’

The American Pulverizer Making Good ... . '

Pacific Coast News Items . . .

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer .
Conventions ,

Tile Company Hit Hard for Accident Damages . .

Must Pay for Stock . . . ’

Obituary . . . . ...

Output of Connecticut Plants about 120.000.000— Prices Satisfactory ’

Brick Industry Capacity Taxed .

Accidents, Damages and Tosses .

Steel Magnate Reported to Be hooking over Spa Spring Clay Plant .
Gas Shortage Is Responsible for High-Price Brick ....

Targe Orders for Brick from Tocal Concern

Jury Directed to Bring in Verdict in Favor of the Defendant in an Ac¬
cident Case ... 30 Producer Gas Fired Furnaces

Saylorsburg Brick Plant Reaches New Dawn of Prosperity
Griffin Brick Co. Gets Reduced Rates into Atlanta
BostonManufacturers File Bill against Southern Clay and the Tasslvs

Kenilworth Brick Has 10,000,000 Order .

Brick Men Elect Officers and Banquet ... . . . ‘

Brick Plant Starts and Declares 10 Per Cent Dividend in Six Months
New Jersey Taking Quantities of Brick
Tile Works Sends Employes Home . .

Annual Report Shows Surplus after Dividends of 1662,027

Pottery News Items . .

The King Engineering Remodeling Ma ; v Dryers . . . .

Illinois Brick Company put on Regular Roster
Sand or Time Brick or Block News . . .

Miscellaneous Items

20
21
21
22

24
24

26
28
28
28
29
29
29
29

.30

31
31
31

32
32
32
32

33
33
33

DAYTON o/y/o as. A.

The Raymond-Horton

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and all appurtenances will be manufac¬
tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

We are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray¬
mond-Horton line.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

OLKY RECORD.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

the PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

The building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any other way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick Factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. V.

Announcement ! ! !

We have consolidated the business

of the

Scott Manufacturing Co.

of St. Louis, Mo., and Keokuk, Iowa

and

Madden Co.

of Rushville, Ind.

and are now in position to furnish
everything the manufacturer of
Pressed Brick, Stiff Mud Brick,

Drain Tile or Soft Mud Brick de¬
sires.

We wish to thank the old custom¬
ers of both companies for their cor¬
dial support in the past, and feel that
we are now better prepared than
ever to serve them.

We will continue both our Keo¬
kuk and Rushville plants, and our
general sales office will be in St. Louis

Scott-Madden Iron Works Co.

1815 Third National Bank Building

ST. LOUIS, MO.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Six-Mold Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

clay record.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

MANUFACTURERS OF

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

Ihis Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

CLHV RECORD

The

Indestructible
Press
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross=Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELLER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, “ - ST. LOUIS, MO,

CLHY RECORD.

“F reese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

E. M. EREESE & COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION - - - OHIO

CLHY RECORD.

Simple, Strong and

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured bv F*ott&

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, th^ Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

Compound Disintegrator and Roil Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

‘Built to Do the Work

M anufaetured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

I 4

CLfiY RECORD.

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone

Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

hambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, 111.

mama

BRICK MACHINES

The Brewer No 25

SOME FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION

Gear frame cast in one piece. Knives forged from hard
high-carbon steel, each one independently adjustable
for pitch. Expressing screws and casings of white iron.
Bearings self=oiling. Back=thrust bearing self=oiling,
self=aligning independent and adjustable to take up
the wear of the expressing screw. Feed=roll keeps the
hopper clear. Mounted upon steel I=beams, self=con=
tained. Construction, high=grade throughout.

If Marked Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications If Marked

II. Brewer e» Co. <§

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN It

It’s Good

It/s Good

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witb Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

' ( , ; ,

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Vol. XXXV. No. ii.

CHICAGO, DECEMBER 15, 1909

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 per 1 enr
Single Copies, - lOC nti*

THE COST AND ADVANTAGE OF USING BRICK

By J PARKER B. FISKE, S. B.

Flatiron Bldg., New York

Many people have the idea that brick cannot be ad¬
vantageously used in the construction of a modern sized
country or village house and that it is adapted only for
factories or store houses on the one hand or apartment
houses, business blocks, or very expensive mansions on
the other, the opinion being prevalent that a brick house
must necessarily cost a great deal more than one of frame.

While it is true that a brick building is slightly more
expensive than one of frame, the difference is far less
than is generally realized, and the practical, as well as the
easthetic advantages of brick so far outweigh the slight
increase in .initial cost as to make it the more appropriate
and desirable material.

In discussing the comparative cost of different forms of
construction it must be understood that no figures can be
given which will apply with equal accuracy to all parts
of the country, as the relative cost of different materials
and different classes of skilled labor vary in different lo¬
calities. Thus, the frame house, as to first cost, would
make a much more favorable comparison with brick when
built in Maine near the lumbering centers and far distant
from the brick yards, than it would be when built in the
great brick-making state of Ohio, where the freight is
high on lumber and little or nothing on brick.

In order to discuss this matter intelligently, therefore,
a certain representative locality must be selected and
from the comparative cost of different styles of construc¬
tion in this locality, modifications can easily be deduced
by the architect to suit other local conditions. With this
idea in mind we have prepared the following figures, tak¬
ing as a basis, a frame house costing $10,000 and built in
New Jersey within 25 miles of New York City.

In preparing these figures we have had the advice and
assistance of several New York architects of high stand¬
ing and unquestioned authority and several contractors
who are familiar with country house construction.

Taking this house as planned entirely for wood and

leaving the inside arrangement and finish untouched, we
show approximately the comparative cost of varying the
outside construction as follows:

(A) $10,000. Frame house.

(B) $10,500. Stuccoed on expanded metal nailed to
wood frame, lathed and plastered inside.

(D) $11,000. Solid brick outside walls, plastered
directly on the inside.

In the above list, the frame house is, of course, of the
smallest initial cost, but the prospective home builder who
adopts it for this reason will find that it is the most ex¬
pensive in the long run. It needs constant painting and
repainting, entailing a large fixed expense. Even the best
lumber obtainable today soon begins to give way or rot
out in places. If not painted and repaired, the house
soon becomes dingy and unsightly. It is the most diffi¬
cult to heat. Cold in winter and hot in summer, it is the
most uncomfortable of any house to live in and it is liable
to burn down at any time. While the cost of painting
and repairs is merely nominal for the first ye’ar or two, it
increases in rapid progression from year to year. Failure
to promptly meet these expenses, will result in a cor¬
respondingly rapid depreciation in value either for sale or
comfort. These expenses within five years will have
amounted to as much or more than the difference in first
cost between wood and brick, and if conditions compel
a sale or desire dictates one, the first cost of the wooden
house can rarely be obtained, while the brick house has
been growing better and more beautiful each day and has
therefore increased in value.

The stucco house seems to be having its day just at
present and to be meeting with favorable consideration
from some architects and owners, but we believe that
a careful study of its characteristics will show that it has
no advantage over a wooden house unless it be that of
appearance when first constructed. The clean light walls
and comparatively low cost have made it appear attrac-

GLKY RECORD.

tive, we believe, without a full consideration of the ulti¬
mate results of its use, especially as it is a new type of
construction and has not as yet been stamped as wholly
good by the seal of Time.

By stucco walls we mean those that are constructed
with a metal base supported by wood and coated with
layer of cement mortar. When first completed such a
building looks inviting with its light walls and its red
roof, but Time soon lays its disfiguring hand upon it,
soils its once light surface to a dingy gray and irremedi¬
ably streaks and blotches it with dirt ; cracks develop be¬
cause of the shrinking of the timbers supporting the
metal base and its stucco surface; leaks appear here and
there and ere long the stucco begins to drop off and cannot
be renewed without unsightly spots and an indication
of early depreciation.

The surface of a stuccoed frame house suffers less in a
dry than in a moist country, but some dampness is con¬
stantly being transmitted by the stucco to the metal lath
and the rusting process of the latter is slowly but surely
going on. In many instances the metal lath rusts and
stains the stucco — in others it rusts away entirely and the
stucco drops off. When this occurs, patching is imprac¬
tical, and the only remedy is to re-lath and re-stucco the
entire surface.

The advocates of the stuccoed house often point, with
assurance, to the permanency of the stuccoed buildings
of Europe. They neglect to mention the fact that the
only permanent stucco work of the Old World is that
which was applied upon brick walls, and that much of
even that construction has required patching from time
to time. The recent American innovation, however, of
putting a thin layer of porous stucco upon a frail metal
fabric, which in turn is mounted on wood, is an entirely
different matter. The inevitable shrinking of the timbers
and the rigid character of the stucco supported thereon
combine to make this construction about the most un¬
mechanical and illogical that has ever been seriously con¬
sidered.

Even when the added expense is incurred of using hol¬
low clay blocks for the exterior walls and cementing on
them, the same results are sure to occur sooner or later,
as the expansion and contraction of the burned clay base
differs from that of the cement and it is only a question
of time when cracking and peeling will result.

When we have sought an honest expression of opinion
from practical builders of experience, as to the value of
cement for exterior wall construction in good residential
work, we have been met with the statement that this con¬
struction is too new to warrant a prediction as to its ul¬
timate life or value. The chief argument in its favor at
present seems to be that it is attractive, not much more
expensive than wood and saves the cost of repeated
painting. Xo argument is made in favor of its being
more comfortable to live in, cheaper to maintain, or safer
in case of fire. The undeniable fact remains that it is
still in the experimental stage and may prove most ex¬
pensive and disappointing to him who adopts it.

We come now to Brick, the most durable, the most
artistic, and, in the end, the least expensive material for
the walls of first class and permanent buildings. Brick
meets every requirement. It is absolutely repair proof ;
there is no painting, no patching, no expense of any kind
for generation after generation on a good brick wall. The
walls are not combustible, as the brick have been through
a white heat for days in their process of manufacture.
The item of insurance expense alone is so much less on a
brick house that it much more than covers the interest
charges on the difference in first cost. A brick wall
makes a house cooler in summer and warmer in winter.
It gives no chance for lodgment of vermin. It reduces
heating bills, repair bills, and insurance bills.

We will not take much space here to discuss the folly
of non-fireproof construction for the American home— it
is too large a subject. The country is rapidly awakening
to the almost criminal waste occasioned by the use of a
construction whose only excuse is a slight saving in the
initial cost. Statistics show that in the year 1907, which
may be termed a “normal” year, actual buildings, and
property, destroyed by fire were valued at $215,000,000.00 ;
that we spent about $300,000,000.00 in the maintenance of
fire departments and apparatus, that we paid out $195,-
000,000.00 to the fire insurance companies, of which we
received back only $95,000,000.00 ; on other words, that
the cost of fire, directly and indirectly, was over $600,-
000,000,00. With all our phenomenal growth, our tre¬
mendous booms and vast amount of building construction,
the most active year we have ever had netted is about
$615,000,000.00 worth of new buildings and alterations, so
that with all our boasted progress, we produce buildings
and alterations, equal in money value to only a trifle
more than the value of the property that we lost by fire.
Furthermore, it is appalling when we consider that fire
has cost us as many as 7,000 human lives in a single year.

Europe has long ago learned better. The cost of actual
combustion and destruction of property in this country is
equal to a tax of $2.30 per capita per year. The average
corresponding tax in Europe is a trifle less than 35 cents
per capita. Truly, we have much to learn of the older
countries, and a study of the reason for their superiority
will lead the student directly to the fact that throughout
Europe the almost universal building material is BRICK.
— “Copyrighted 1909, by J. Parker B. Fiske.”

FRANK A BROCKWAY OPERATES AIRSHIP.

Frank A. Brockway, Newburgh, N. Y., of the well
known brick manufacturing firm, is the first in this sec¬
tion of the country to build and operate an airship. Mr.
Brockway made a successful flight of about eighty feet
one day last week, and after making slight adjustments
to parts of the machine, he intends to make another trip.

• - -

The American Brick & 'File Co., Morenci, Mich., shut
down their plant so as to put in some new equipment, re¬
pairs and a general overhauling. A new engine and tile
mill are among the things being installed.

CL7SY RECORD.

A METHOD OF OVERCOMING THE SULPHUR

PROBLEM.*

By H. B. Wells, Ironton, Ohio.

The presence of sulphur in clays and its elimination with
good results has been and will be a subject of much discus¬
sion. Sulphur probably causes more trouble than any other
element occurring in clays, especially so where the product
manufactured will not justify an expensive preparation of
the clay. It is not only troublesome during the process of
burning, where it causes discoloration and distortion in de¬
fective burning, but in many cases where the burning has
been successful sulphur is the cause of surface discolora¬
tion or scum. This latter case we will not touch upon at
this time, as that is a problem by itself, but we will deal with
the burning only.

We have had papers read before the society covering the
carbon and sulphur problem which have been based on lab¬
oratory experiments and which have been an invaluable
guide in overcoming the trouble arising from these two ele¬
ments. What is to follow is based on the problem as it
confronts us in a commercial way. The method of experi¬
mentation is not a very commendable one as it is very ex¬
pensive, but the plant where the experiments were made,
like many others which manufacture crude ware, did not
have the luxuries of a laboratory, a test kiln and a pyrom¬
eter, so there was no other alternative. In fact, a test
kiln would not have been of much value to us, as the effect
of the mass would have been lost, which was very important.

The plant to which the writer refers is operated by the
stiff-mud process, manufacturing brick and fireproofing.
There being practically no difficulty ‘in making either of
these products and getting them into the kilns, we will con¬
fine our remarks to the burning. There was also no differ¬
ence in the burning of these two products, with the excep¬
tion of an extension of time for the brick, so that the general
principles apply to both. The wares were burned in round
down-draft kilns 30 feet in diameter.

The system of burning which had been used previous to
our experiments was to start with low fires and gradually
increase them till the burning was completed. During a
great part of the time volumes of sulphur fumes would
evolve from various parts of the kilns and from the stack.
The fumes were still evident for several hours after the fir¬
ing had been completed. The results of this method were
anything but satisfactory, as a large per cent of the product
was taken out of the kilns in chunks and carted to the dump.
The drawing would show that the contents for about four
feet in was a little underburnt, then for a few feet the ware
would be all matured while the center was very much over¬
burnt, being stuck together and out of shape. By breaking a
piece of the over-burnt ware, it showed a very black, spongy
core from which the conclusion -could be easily drawn that
some gases had formed on the inside and could not escape
on account of the outside shrinking too soon and closing up
the pores.

We are somewhat handicapped by not having a total
analysis of the clay, which is of cretaceous origin, having

* Read at the last meeting of the American Ceramic Society, which was held
at Rochester, N. Y.

pebbles of iron sulphide distributed all through the bed, but
we are fortunate enough to know the sulphur content, which
is 1.82 per cent. Since the scumming of the product is by
no means excessive it is safe to say that the larger part of
the sulphur is present in the form of FeS2.

Knowing from past experience that the sulphur in the
FeS2 oxidizes at two stages, the first molecule at about 400
C. while the last remains until about 900 C, and that this
oxidation will take place properly by careful regulation of
the air, we started to work by bringing a kiln up to a dull
red heat and letting the fires die down at this point, merely
keeping them alive, thinking by so doing the oxidation of
the sulphur would take place at a slow rate. We did not
attempt to close up the fire boxes and other air inlets, not
wishing the heat to go back too far, but before we realized
what was going on, the kiln had attained a bright red heat.
Ceasing to fire the furnaces proved of no avail, as the heat
in the kiln became more intense in spite of all we could do.
No more firing was done until the center of the kiln, which
was the hottest, had cooled down, when enough fuel was
added to finish the outside courses.

Upon drawing we found that the only advance made was
that there was no under-burnt material.

Our next step was to bring a kiln up to a dull red heat,
pull the fire and close up the fire boxes, leaving them in this
manner until the kiln was again ready for the fire to be
started for maturing the ware. As there was some differ¬
ence in the floor construction of some of the kilns, this
system was tried on several of them but the result was the
same in each case — an over-burnt center, but of not quite
so great an area as the first trial. The top courses were well
burnt but the middle and bottom were as much distorted as
before.

The top being good with no improvement in the middle
and bottom of the center, led us to believe that the air, as it
passes through the top courses, became pre-heated and more
efficient, causing the oxidation in the bottom to take place
too rapidly, so we made some experiments with the setting,
that is, set the bottom courses more open, thus allowing a
greater draft, having a tendency to carry the air through
much faster and not allowing it to become so hot. This did
not have the desired effect, as the over-burnt middle and
bottom of the center were still there.

On the next kiln we carried the problem one step farther
by closing the kiln before it had attained a dull red heat.
As we had no pyrometer to indicate the temperature, this
had to be done by guesswork. Knowing the time that
usually elapsed between the evolution of the first molecule
of sulphur and the attainment of a dull red heat, we divided
this time in half and closed the kiln up at this midway point.

The kiln advanced at a much slower rate than in any of
the previous burns, but even this time the kiln reached a
bright red heat in the bottom and middle, but not so much
as before. The drawing showed a decided improvement but
a portion of the kiln was still unmastered.

The next kiln was closed up as soon as there was evidence
of sulphur fumes. We were a little in doubt as to whether
the kiln would advance in heat, being closed up at such an
early stage, but, to our surprise, it did increase very slowly

CLHV

RECORD.

and at a rather uniform rate. It gained an intense heat in
the bottom but covering less area than any we had tried so
far. On drawing, we found a bad place where we had ex¬
pected it from our external observations.

What to do next was rather perplexing, but having come
so near the solution of the problem, we were not willing to
give up. The central part of the kilns being the point of
contention, we concluded that if it were possible to admit
air at this point at a low temperature and prevent the hot
gases from passing through this one central point, we
would have mastered the situation. Being willing to try
most anything, the exhaust fan, which was connected with
all the kilns, was put into play. We handled a kiln as before
except that the gases were turned into the fan instead of the
stack during the oxidation period, thinking that the gases
and air passing through at a rapid rate would have a ten¬
dency to keep the temperature down and cause a slow oxi¬
dation. Such was not the case, however, as the result was
nearly as disastrous as some of our first trials.

At this point we began to think that we would be unable
to burn the clay in down-draft kilns. Knowing that the
gases were not under accurate control in the up-draft type,
our attention was turned to reversible kilns, and we con¬
ceived a plan to carry out the idea with the kilns we had,
which was to open up the top of the kilns during the oxida¬
tion period. This would allow the gases from the top
courses of the ware to escape first and, by going directly
into the atmosphere, they would not pass through any of
the other ware and give off heat which would cause a rapid
oxidation in other parts of the kiln.

At first we were in doubt as to what point in the oxidation
we should open up the top of the kiln, but, as we were more
willing to increase our fuel bill, if necessary, rather than
endanger the ware, we brought the next kiln up to the igni¬
tion point of sulphur, when the fires were allowed to die out
and the fire boxes closed up, the openings in the crown un¬
covered and the gases shut off from the stack entirely. The
heat advanced rather slowly but it moved gradually from
the outer courses toward the center, giving no evidence of
becoming too hot at any point. The sulphur gases kept
passing off for several hours after the black core had all
disappeared from the trials. When they had ceased, the
top of the kiln was closed, damper opened to the stack, and
fire started and carried in the usual manner for the comple¬
tion of the burning.

The result of this method was practically a uniform burn
throughout. The bad place which we had been fighting in
the center had all disappeared. No sulphur fumes could be
seen after the burning was complete.

During our first experiments, we thought that the evolu¬
tion of sulphur after the firing had ceased was due to hav¬
ing the dead coals in the fire box. This undoubtedly pro¬
duced some of the gas but, upon cleaning the fire on several
of the kilns at the end of the burning, there was no appar¬
ent reduction in the volume of gas. This showed conclu¬
sively that the sulphur in the clay was the cause of our
trouble.

There is no question but that the carbon played some part
in the imperfect oxidation, but the black core, which is

largely due to carbon, disappeared long before the evolution
of the sulphur ceased. As the ignition point of the carbon,
which is about 700° C., is midway between the ignition
points of the two parts of the sulphur, the former would
take care of itself if we could control the latter.

After having satisfied ourselves that the above method
was successful by burning several kilns in the same manner,
we came face to face with another obstacle, which was that
we were not turning our kilns over fast enough to keep up
with the capacity of the plant.

This called for further experimenting, the outcome of
which resulted in the covering of the top of the kiln before
all of the sulphur had passed off, which advanced the heat
in the bottom much sooner than we could produce the same
heat from the fire boxes with no sulphur in that part of the
kilns. Much care had to be exercised in judging the proper
time for action in order not to start the fires too soon and
ruin some of the ware. After watching several kilns closely,
we were able to pass this point with safety.

Our experiments resulted in our adopting the last men¬
tioned system which, to the writer’s knowledge, has been
used for two years with much satisfaction. It is not, how¬
ever, a commendable method for all clays which contain
sulphur; but where they contain a very large amount, it is
one solution of the problem.

EISENHART SAYS HE WILL NOT REBUILD
BRICK PLANT UNTIL HE CAN GET FAIR

DEAL.

Rumors have been circulated thick and fast in Horse-
heads and Elmira, ,N. Y., of late that R. G. Eisenhart,
general manager of the Horseheads Brick Company is
making arrangements to move his business to some other
locality.

The plant in Horseheads was badly damaged by fire a
few weeks ago and Mr. Eisenhart stated at that time that
unless the residents of the village granted him. certain
concessions he would be compelled to move his business.

When interviewed regarding his plans for the future
Mr. Eisenhart said the action he took in the future would
depend largely upon the attitude of the residents of the
village.

Mr. Eisenhart stated that he had intended to rebuild
his factory, but that before he decided to do so it was
quite necessary for him to secure permission to build rail¬
road switches on property adjoining that already oc¬
cupied by his plant.

He says that he had met certain opposition that had
handicapped him in the past and that unless satisfactory
arrangements can be made with the owners of the prop¬
erty adjoining his plant he would be compelled to move
to some other location. Tie says that he is willing to pay
a fair rental for the property he needs, but that he refuses
absolutely to be imposed upon in the matter.

The Kenilworth Brick Co., Newell, Hancock Co., W.
Va., will close down Christmas for 30 days so as to make
some necessary repairs. The plant will be given a
general overhauling.

CLAY RECORD.

BRICK OF QUALITY ALWAYS IN DEMAND.

The ever increasing number of building materials has
not in any way affected the demand for brick of quality.
There is much significance to be applied to the latter term,
in as much as the continued activity for this commodity
will depend in a great measure on this single attribute.
Combined with quality is the pleasing appearance of the
face of the brick, which is and can be made equal to all
other forms of attractive and durable building materials

There is much stress being laid at the present time by
architects, contractors, builders, and owners on the at¬
tractiveness of the structural materials in use today, and
there is at least a similar endeavor being displayed by a
large number of brick manufacturers to meet this de¬
mand in a way that will increase the sale of their output.
It is both pleasing and notable that in this respect there
has been a wonderful advance made, and that the field of
endeavor in this respect has by no means attained its
highest form. Newer designs in face brick are being
placed on the market continually, and the development of
the clay brick in this way has been such as to cause not
only admiration but has likewise increased the demand
to such an extent that the future in this respect looks most
favorable for the brick manufacturers.

Enamel brick are now being used in many minor struc-
ures, while in larger buildings, where there is special
stress laid on the decorative appearance of the same, there
is a larger number in use. The enamel face brick has
some peculiar advantages that will continue its popular¬
ity, being easily cleaned, admirable for dark recesses, and
in other respects making it appeal to the building public
in a manner that is sure to make it one of the increasing
styles of face brick in the future, d here are other new
faces in clay brick that are increasing in general usage,
and these are in many cases a vitrified brick, having a
number of colors, so that there can be combinations
formed that will give a structure a distinctiveness of its
own ; a feature that is much sought after now.

There seems to be but one serious drawback to the
general class of decorative face brick, and that is the high '
cost of the same. While it is a fact that the manufacture
of the best face brick is in a great measure costly, the
high price is sure to make their increasing demand some¬
what less than it would be could they be made and sold
at a reduction. I he demands of the age are for such
building materials as will be both attractive and reason-,
able in price. There is a dearth of ordinary structural
materials on sale today, and the prices often attract,
simply on this account, and the sales naturally increase,
though the merit of the commodity be lacking, in a de¬
gree. The average builder wishes to make his abode, or
is business structure as distinct and as artistic as pos¬
sible, while not spending on the same any more than he
can, and for this reason there is a larger demand today for
such materials as will make this possible, without having
any special merit as to durability.

What does the average builder know of quality or of
durability when it comes to structural materials. The

outward appearance is more often his secret reason for
desiring its use than its intrinsic value, and there are
many instances of where this factor has constituted the
use of some materials. This is unfortunate, because
when a man is once deceived in a structural material, it
is difficult to make him believe that any commodity in any
respect resembling it, can be other than the same, as far
as actual merit is concerned.

On this account it is unsafe for the legitimate brick
manufacturer to place on the market materials that have
only as their value a pleasing appearance. It must be
understood that the competition is now so marked that
in order to meet it on terms of equality there must be
more than an outward appearance to insure its perman¬
ency as a staple structural material. In addition to the at¬
tractive features it possesses it must have merit to make
its increasing sale possible. This can be obtained, and
there is wisdom in every brick manufacturer noting and
adhering to this idea in manufacturing his commodity.

The sale of the ordinary brick is large, and there will
continue a strong demand for the same in the future, but
there is likewise a much larger demand now for brick
than can appeal in an artistic sense to the building public.
This field of endeavor has not been looked into as yet by
a great many operators. They have contented them¬
selves with adhering to the ordinary styles of brick, and
have been satisfied to let the limited few take care of the
fancy brick demand. Now that this demand is making
such progress it would be well for others to give it some
consideration. In doing so, there should be an effort for
a greater variety of artistic brick that have features
peculiarly their own, and still that can be sold at a lower
cost than many of the fancy clay brick are bringing now.

There are two important considerations for the manu¬
facturer of clay brick today. These are, first, actual qual¬
ity to his output. His clay must have merit, and his plant
be so equipped that this can be made a factor. Then his
help must be intelligent and particular. The next con¬
sideration must be the price at which the brick can be
sold. If it is possible for him to manufacture a pleasing
brick, and still keep the price reasonable, there is sure to
be a demand for his output that will enlarge his oper¬
ations, and make his brick of such value to the building
world, that there will be no danger of his output being a
drudge on the market, and one that will take its place
with others that are now classed as common brick, of
which there are an ample sufficiency for all purposes,
with some to spare.

‘ • ' r„4#rj

CALENDARS FOR 1910.

The first calendar for 1910 that has been sent to the Clay
Record is that of the Scott Manufacturing Co., Third Na¬
tional Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo. It shows the earmarks
of Mr. Scott, the president of the company, for he never does
things by halves.

The Scott Company are builders of the Andrus Brick
Press and a general line of brick-making machinery, supplies
and repairs. They have a well equipped shop and have the
name of getting out work very promptly.

CLHY RECOftu.

THE DIESENER CLAY-CLEANSER.

The Diesener Clay Cleaner patented in U. S. and for¬
eign countries is designed for making well pugged, plas¬
tic surface clay pure and homogeneous, so that even a
clay, which carries pyrites, gravel, lime-stone, etc., can be
used for better clay goods such as face-brick, roofing-
tiles, conduits, sewer-pipes, etc.

In the construction of the Clay Cleanser only the best
of materials is used and skilled labor employed. Every
machine is erected, complete in every respect and tested
before leaving the factory.

The frame of the Diesener machine is made of cast-iron
and is designed so as to combine utmost strength with
great stiffness without being clumsy or awkwardly heavy.
The frame renders the machine self-contained and allows
of erecting of the machine on a few timbers, without
necessitating a specially made foundation ; thus it can be
placed in front of every suitable auger-machine.

Upon this frame are mounted the bearings for the main
shaft, held in their respective positions by bolts, which
slide in slots and by thrust-screws allowing of shifting
the bearings in the direction of the shaft, by which motion
the disk on the shaft can be brought conveniently and
rapidly towards the slot-adjuster. They are well de¬
signed with a regard for long service under unfavorable
conditions, fitted with grease-cups and babbitted with the
best babbit metal obtainable.

The main shaft is made of cold rolled steel and either
equipped with a friction-clutch pulley or with tight and
loose pulleys. The hub of either the clutch or the tight
pulley is carefully bored and fitted to the shaft and
fastened with substantial screws and key, so as to be able
to withstand the continually changing pressure of the bar
of clay.

The disk is the most important part of the machine ; it
consists of a special iron, which after many experiments
was found to be of universal applicability to all sorts of
plastic surface clay ; it works on fat or lean clay, on sandy
or soapy clay with almost the same efficiency. Due to its
special properties it will last for years, although in some
plants it was worn out after 3 years, there are others
where it will last from 8 to 10 years.

Besides the bearings for the main-shaft there is
mounted upon the frame the bearing for the crank shaft,
which operates the cleaning device. It is securely bolted
in place and aligned with reference to the slide block, and
it is equipped with grease cups and carefully babbitted.

The crank shaft carries outside of the frame a pulley,
which is connected to the small pulley on the end of the
main shaft by a belt, and thus has a certain speed in pro¬
portion to the speed of the disk.

The construction of the crank on the inner side of the
frame is like the corresponding pulley on the other side,
being very heavy to insure freedom of vibration. It has
a large slot, in which a stud is fastened, the position of
which can be altered towards or away from center accord¬
ing to the way the stone pusher has to make. Further¬
more there are mounted upon the frame the roller-bracket
and the slide-bracket.

The roller-bracket, which extends from the frame to
the disk, is bolted to the frame and so strongly built as to
absolutely obviate any vibration, which would cut down
the efficiency of the machine. The inclined plane, in
which the bracket ends and which forms another very im¬
portant part of the machine is designed so as to allow the
exchange of worn out cover-plates at insignificant ex¬
pense and little loss of time, also to -give a certain protec¬
tion against the inevitable grinding effect of the bar of
clay, to facilitate the movement of the latter ; this inclined
plane is equipped for lubricating by means of water.

Underneath the inclined plane the slot-adjuster is con¬
veniently located and fastened with screws so arranged
that the adjustor, which defines the width of the slot, can
be moved towards or away from the disk at little trouble.

SHOWING SIZES OF STONES AND ROOTS THAT CAN BE TAKEN OUT
BY THE CI,AY CLEANSER

In this way the opening made by the face of the disk and
the edge of the steel-plate, which forms the adjustor, can
be decreased or increased according to the size of the im¬
purities, which are permitted in the clay. The impurities
of a size, which were prevented from passing through the
slot with the rest of the clay, are retained and recollected
on the adjustor, from whence they are pushed by the
knife into the stone chutes.

The upper part of the bracket carries the rollers, which
support the clay to be purified as it comes from the die
of the auger-machine in the shape of a solid bar and slides
towards the disk. These rollers are covered with felt to
prevent the clay from adhering to them.

To the roller-bracket, are fastened on the two opposite
sides the stone chutes by means of large hinges. They
are made of wrought-iron and sheet-metal and so ar-

‘23

CLKY RECORD.

ranged that they close the slot, which is formed by the
disk and the adjustor. They are fitted with adjustable
iron plates, which can be set to within 1-64 of the disk,
thus nothing but what can pass the slot can get into the
purified clay. Towards the bar of clay the stone chutes
are closed with iron doors, suspended from hinges and
made of one or two parts, each having a weighted lever,
by means of which they are kept closed. These chutes
and doors are hand-made and able to withstand the abuse
and handling by unskilled laborers, when they are cleaned
and the dirt taken out once a day.

The slide bracket for the cross-head of the stone pusher
also extends very far from the frame, where it is fastened
by several strong bolts and dowel-pins. It is made of
cast iron, accurately machined and scraped and is well
protected by an ingeniously arranged sheet metal cover
against the dirt and dust and the rough handling to which
brick machinery is supposedly subjected.

Upon the slide bracket ride the slide block, adjusted
and fitted with care, the parts, where both slide upon each
other being mathematically machined and scraped with
the utmost care, so as to keep low the inevitable loss by
friction and are insured against lost motion by several set
screws, they are amply proportioned with a view to long
and satisfactory service and small wear. Oil cups are
provided to keep continually a film of oil on the slides.

The slide block carries the knife adjuster, which is of
triangular shape with a face Of 2 inches in width towards
the disk, on which the knife is securely held in place.
Owing to the triangular shape of the adjuster its face is
inclined towards the disk, by this means the knife can be
placed in the slot so as to touch either slot adjustor or
the disk.

4 he knife or stone pusher is made of soft steel or hoop
iron, about one foot long and ll/2 inchees wide, and of a
thickness according to the slot, in which it has to move
from 1-16 to 1-4 inch. It is made so that both ends can
be used. As the worn-off knife has to be reversed after
one or two days use, it is held in place by bolts which can
be loosened conveniently and the exchange can be made
in a few minutes during the emptying of the stone chutes.

The knife reaches from underneath, into the slot, and
following the motion of the slide block, which is operated
by the crank, goes continually to and fro before the face
of the disk thereby keeping the slot open for passage of
the pure clay, and pushing into the stone chutes every¬
thing that is harder or tougher than the pugged stiff, or
soft mud clay, and that is too large to pass through the
slot.

The rod, which connects the slide block with the crank
wheel is made of cold rolled steei and extra heavy to
meet the strain which is imposed upon it very often by
the working of tough clays containing numerous stones.
Both cross end and fork, are provided with oil holes.

To keep the face of the disk clean of clay, there is pro¬
vided a scraper. It consists of a long lever, which swivels
around a strong pin, securely fastened in a bracket, which
is bolted to the frame. The lever is made of a piece of

heavy fiat bar, forged and bent to an angle such that the
scraper can be applied to the disk without giving a chat¬
tering noise. It carries on one end a broad casting on
which the adjustable scraper blade of soft steel is fastened
and on the other end it is connected by a rod, spring and
crank to the frame. The spring rests upon an eye bolt
through which the rod is drawn, the eye bolt is screwed
into the frame. The whole arrangement is made so that
the pressure of the scraper blade against the disk is regu¬
lated by the tension of the spring, which can be increased
or decreased by a few turns of the crank.

There is a substantial iron railing on the frame to pre¬
vent people falling into the open space between frame and
pulleys or from being caught by the belt.

With every machine there should be ordered an auto¬
matic facing tool outfit to face the disk, if it is worn out
unevenly by the flint or iron wedges, which happen to be
in the clay sometimes. Theoretically the disk ought not
to experience any grinding action on part of the bar of
clay as this is merely spread upon the disk as for instance
butter is spread upon bread. But as the clay can never
be pugged so uniformly and actually worked upon to the
smallest particle by the pugging knives, and because of
stones the disk wears out and has to be trued, if a certain
size of slot is to be maintained. By means of the facing
outfit this can be done within half a day. It is only neces¬
sary to take the roller bracket away, disconnect the crank
and the stone pusher and spread a cover over the slide
bracket and fastened so to the frame, that the shavings
cannot get into the purified clay or any part of the ma¬
chine.

• «»-«

WISCONSIN CLAY MANUFACTURERS’ ASSO¬
CIATION PROGRAM.

The tenth annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Manufacturers’ Association will be held at Milwaukee,
St. Charles Hotel, on February 23rd, 24th, and 25th.
Among the special features of the convention will be the
illustrated lectures and demonstrations with clays and
clay products by Professor A. Y. Bleininger, of the Clay
Testing Laboratories of the U. S. Geol. Survey, and the
organization of a mutual fire insurance company among
the members of the association :

1. The Wisconsin market for brick and clay products.

2. The preparation of clays. (Illustrated.)

3. The burning of brick and tile. (Illustrated.)

4. The great importance of tile drainage in Wisconsin.

5. Railwav rates and their influence on the clay indus¬
tries of Wisconsin.

6. Some factors determining the manufacture of brick
by the soft mud process.

7. The manufacture of brick and tile by the stiff mud
process.

8. The need of mutual fire insurance among the brick
manufacturers.

9. Publicity and the clay industries.

10. Benefits of the State Association.

WISCONSIN’S MODEL SAND-LIME BRICK

FACTORY.

BRICK MANUFACTURERS’ CLAIMS ARE

UPHELD.

A model sand-lime brick factory has just been set in
operation at Portage, Wis. This factory is producing a
very high grade brick made of sand and lime, and was
erected for the Columbia Silica Company, of Portage,
Wis., by the International Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery
Company, of 90 West Street, New York. The factory
is located on a glass sand deposit, which has been owned
and operated by the Columbia Silica Company for some
time. The brick factory, added during this year, is de¬
signed on the same general plans and arrangement of ma¬
chinery as those used in the factory of the Cranford Pav¬
ing Brick Company, at Washington, D. C., which factory
also was erected and equipped by the International Sand-
Lime Brick & Machinery Company and has been greatly
admired for its completeness and automatic simplicity.
All the buildings are of steel construction, and temporary
sheeting of lumber is being used to keep out the weather
for the present, but later on the sheeting is to be replaced
by solid walls of brick of own manufacture, thus making,
when finished, an entirely fire-proof building. The brick
are made by this factory under the patented “Division
Method," as owned and installed by the International
Sand-Lime Brick & Machinery Company. Brick and
stone made by the same method are being used in large
building operations in the city of Washington, Philadel¬
phia, and New York. Among other prominent' buildings,
there has been erected and faced with this brick the new
Philadelphia Opera House, built by Oscar Hammerstein.
Quite a number of apartment houses in the city of New
York, as well as a new theatre which is being built on
East 13th street, between Fourth avenue and Irvins'
Place, are using this brick.

The natural color of the brick depends upon the color
of the sand. If the same is white, the color of the brick
will be a pure white. The quality of the brick made by
this process is of such a high grade, particularly regard¬
ing low absorption and great crushing strength, that the
same have been adopted in most important building oper¬
ations throughout this country, and among others, by the
United States Government in the erection of the new bar¬
racks and other monumental buildings at West Point.

The factory at Portage, Wis., will market its product
mainly at Milwaukee, Chicago, and other important large
cities in the west. The cost of production under the “Di¬
vision Method” is so low that it is possible for the manu¬
facturer to ship the product great distances. The proc¬
ess itself is entirely automatic, and in a factory producing
20,000 brick per day of ten hours but eight men in all are
employed, 60 tons of sand, 2l/2 tons of lime, and 3 tons of
coal.

It is claimed that the brick, as well as the stone man¬
ufactured by this method have taken its place with the
best building product. Judging from the rapid develop¬
ment of the business itself and the universal favor which
the product has found in such cities as New York, it seems
reasonable to say that this industry will experience a great
advance during the next few years.

The Florida Sandstone Brick Co., Jacksonville, Fla., has
been formed to take over the plant of the Florida White
Pressed Brick Co’s plant which was recently bought in at a
forced sale. John D. Baker is president, J. D. Holmes vice-
president and R. T. McEachern secretary, treasurer and
general manager. The capital stock is $30,000 all paid in.
The new company has purchased additional machinery and
are building new buildings.

Washington, Dec. 8. — The Interstate Commerce Com¬
mission today handed down a decision in the brick cases,
which were presented before it by, the Metropolitan Pav¬
ing Brick Co., Mack Manufacturing Co., Malvern Clay
Co., Big Four Clay Co., the T. B. Townsend Brick &
Contracting Co., C. P. Mayer Brick Co., the Ohio Face
Brick Manufacturers’ Association, the National Paving
Brick Manufacturers’ Association and the Stowe-Fuller
Co. These cases involved the classification of fire, build¬
ing and paving brick when transported from points in
Central Freight Association territory to points in Trunk
Line territory. The reasonableness of the existing rates
on the three kinds of brick from and to the points named
was also in question.

The order of the Commission follows:

It is ordered that said defendants be, and they are
hereby, notified and required to cease and desist on or
before the first day of February, 1910, and for a period of
not less than two years thereafter abstain, from charging,
demanding, collecting or receiving for the transportation
of fire brick, building brick and paving brick in carloads,
on shipments eastbound from Central Freight Associa¬
tion territory to Trunk Line territory the rates based up¬
on the present Chicago-New York base rate, which rates
have been found by this Commission to have been un¬
reasonable.

It is further ordered that said defendants be, and they
are hereby notified and required to establish and put in
force on or before the first day of February, 1910, and
maintain in force thereafter during a period of not less
than two years, and apply to the transportation of fire
brick, building brick and paving brick, in carloads, on
shipment eastbound from Central Freight Association
territory to Trunk Line territory rates based upon a
Chicago-New York base rate not exceeding 21 cents per
100 pounds, which rates have been found by the Com¬
mission to be reasonable maximum rates to be applied.

And it is further ordered that said defendants be, and
they are hereby authorized to make effective upon three
days’ notice to the public and to the Interstate Commerce
Commission, given in the manner required by law, the
rates which said defendants are, by this order, required
to establish and put in force on or before the first day of
February, 1910, in which event the tariffs in which such
rates are given must contain the notation that they are
issued under the authority hereby granted and must refer
to the number of these cases.

THE AMERICAN PULVERIZER
MAKING GOOD.

One of the managers of the Great Eastern Clay Co.,
one of the largest concerns of its kind in New Jersey,
says “that the pulverizers at their works are giving per¬
fect satisfaction and most excellent service in every way.
That they have had considerable experience with crush¬
ers of various forms and would state there is no com¬
parison between either form of crushed and the American
Pulverizer, both as to quality and to capacity. We feel
fully satisfied that the cost of maintenance will come well
within the cost of maintaining a dry pan.”

If you are in the market for a pulverizer write to the
American Pulverizer Co., 410 Jaccard Bldg., St. Louis.
Mo., and get prices and particulars.

The Champaign Brick Co., Mechanicsville, N. Y., has
decided to reduce the number of directors from seven to
five.

CLKY RECORD.

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS.

The market for common brick in San Francisco is in
a very poor shape at the present time, there being some
large stocks on hand and a lessened demand. This article
is still being quoted at $7 per thousand, but few sales are
being made at this price, practically every firm in the busi¬
ness selling for lower figures, some of them below the
cost of production. Many of the plants closed early in
the season and most of the others have closed lately owing
to the heavy rains that have been falling during the past
two weeks. The closing down of the plants for the win¬
ter will help out the situation some but the rains have
also hindered building operations and the permits taken
out and the contracts signed last month show a falling
off as far as brick construction is concerned. It is pre¬
dicted that in the spring there will be an unusual demand
for brick to carry out the extensive building plans that
are being made at the present time. In addition to there
being a number of large structures planned to be erected
by private parties there will be a great amount of muni¬
cipal work as the new Administration has announced
that the rebuilding of the municipal structures burned in
the great fire of 1906 would be commenced at the earliest
possible date. There is also a great amount of sewer
work to be done and some large quantities of vitrified
brick will be used. This material is used exclusively to
line the cement sewers that are now being constructed.
While the demand for brick here is rather light for im¬
mediate call some large quantities have been sent to
towns in the interior part of the state where no brick
plants are located and where builders have seen fit to
make use of this material in building. There is no sur¬
plus in the line of fancy brick or terra cotta as the produc¬
tion of these are kept down to actual requirements.

The United Materials Co., which is selling agent for
the Los Angeles Pressed Brick Co., is introducing into
the San Francisco market a new product of the southern
California firm that is of about the same appearance as
the “tapestry” brick used so much in the east at the
present time. This particular brick is known here as
“ruffled” brick and is made from a clay mined near Los
Angeles. The Richmond plant of this concern is turning
out a product similar in appearance to the article made at
the southern plant but the quality is not considered quite
so good. This new brick will be used in the fine new
building to be erected soon by the Olympic Club on the
Post street site. John Hammersmith, who is assisting in
the planning of the new building states that a special
decoration is to be made in the shape of stamping the em¬
blem of the athletic club a “Winged O” on every alternate
face brick. Some very fine brick and tile work will be
done in this building.

Edward A. Zeile, of Oakland, has brought suit against
Frederick W. Beardslee, president and treasurer of the
Vallejo Brick & Tile Co., to have Beardslee appointed
trustee of a large block of stock which Zeile purchased in
the brick company and to recover $4,000 damages. Zeile
alleges that he gave Beardslee checks amounting to $5,000
with which to purchase stock in the brick company at $1

a share. He charges that Beardslee indorsed the checks
and purchased a large amount of the stock at 20 cents a
share, enabling him, it is alleged, to give Zeile 5000 shares
and to retain several thousand shares for himself. This
transaction Zeile avers was fraudulent and asks the court
to declare Beardslee a trustee of the remainder of the
stock.

The use of paving brick is slowly growing in this sec¬
tion of the state and much is expected to be used from
now on. Some of the street car companies have com¬
menced to use it to pave between their car tracks and the
success met with by them will be closely watched by city
officials.

A large addition is to be made soon to the plant of the
Southwest Brick Co. at Inglewood, Cal., a large tract of
land having been purchased for its extensive operations.

The brick plant of J. Clyne, of Benecia, Cal., which is
located at Glen Cove, is to be opened next spring after
having been closed for several seasons. Preparations are
being made to add considerable new machinery.

The St. Anthony Mining & Manufacturing Co., which
operates near Alta, Cal., has closed down its plant for the
winter. The St. Anthony is controlled principally by
Minnesota stockholders whose object is to first work the
clay on its property to extract the gold and then use the
clay for the manufacture of fire brick.

A. C. McKnight, a mining expert of Los Angeles, has
been making a careful examination of the Los Paderas
Mountains, in the southern part of the state in search of
feldspar deposits. The results of the search were declar¬
ed to be satisfactory and some extensive filing of mineral
claims have been carried on by men who propose to erect
a pottery factory in Los Angeles.

The new brick plant of Dorris & Colvin at Alturas, Cal.
has been completed and the plant has been busy turning
out brick before the winter season put an end to opera¬
tions.

The announcement is made that the new continuous
kiln of the California Pressed Brick Co., at Niles, Cal., is
completed and that it would be placed in operation im¬
mediately. This continuous kiln is said to be the largest
in the state and when operated to its full capacity will
more than double the output of the Niles plant. The
opening of the new Western Pacific railroad will be of
great benefit to this company as it will mean additional
transportation facilities.

The Pure Clay Brick & Tile Co. which has an office in
San Francisco and which recently took over the old Hil¬
ton plant near Santa Rosa has repaired the machinery
and now has the plant in operation.

The Carquinez Brick Co. now has its large continuous
kiln finished and in operation and is still operating to fill
a number of important contracts that have been received
lately. This concern is one of the few which has no sur¬
plus stock of common brick on hand.

At a recent election, territory more than double that
formerly covered by Oakland was added to that city and
a great deal of sewer work will be done in the new dis¬
tricts at once. Plans for the extension of the sewer system
are now being drawn and work will be commenced early
next year in extending and perfecting them.

Workmen are busy repairing the plants of the Carnegie
Brick Co. near Stockton, which were damaged recently
by explosions in the boiler rooms. 1 he damage was not
as heavy as at first thought but is still quite serious.

CLHY RECORD,

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

934,734. Mold for Roofing-Tiles. Harry H. Katz, Du¬
bois, Ind. Filed March 5, 1909. Serial No. 481,259.

A molding machine of the character described com¬
prising a body, a removable pallet thereon having slots,
retractable side sections arranged in the body to project
through the slots in the pallet, a retractable end section,
a shaft, eccentrics upon the latter for projecting and re¬
tracting said side sections, a slide operatively connected
to said shaft and carrying said end section for retract¬
ing and projecting the same, and a removable top section.

A molding machine of the character described, com¬
prising a body having a bottom mold member provided
with slots, retractable side sections arranged in the body
to project through said slots, a retractable end section, a
shaft, means operated by the shaft for actuating said side
sections, a guide upon said body, a slide upon said guide,
means connecting said end section to said slide, and an
operative connection between the shaft and said slide.

934,231. Apparatus for Casting Hollow and Other
Ware of China and Other Materials. William Stubbs,
Stoke-upon-Trent, England. Filed March 11, 1909. Ser¬
ial No. 482,799.

In a casting-machine, the combination, with a station¬
ary support, of a revoluble frame journaled in the said
support, mold-carriers pivoted at the periphery of the said

frame, and a trough for holding slip arranged inside the
said frame and provided with valves for filling the molds
at the lower part of the frame, said trough being arrang¬
ed to receive the surplus slip from the molds when the
said mold-carriers are tilted over at the upper part of the
frame.

In a casting-machine, the combination, with a station¬
ary support, of a revoluble frame journaled in the said
support, mold-carriers pivoted at the periphery of the said

frame, a trough for holding slip arranged inside the said
frame and provided with discharge-valves for filling the
molds at the lower part of the frame, and trip-mechanism
for tilting the mold-carriers automatically at the upper
part of the frame to permit the surplus slip to run from
the molds into the said trough.

934,395. Process of Making Articles of Plastic Ma¬
terials. Orvis G. Diefendorf, Binghamton, N. Y., assignor
to International Brick Machine Co., Binghamton, N. Y.
Filed Sept. 10, 1908. Serial No. 452,471.

The process comprising the forming of plastic material
into the desired shape in a suitable mold and subjecting
one or more surfaces thereof to a reciprocating finishing
action while in the mold, whereby the particles of material
will be acted upon to fill all interstices in such surfaces
and thereby render said surfaces smooth and uniform.

The process comprising the forming of a moistened
mixture of cement and other materials into the desired
shape in a suitable mold, subjecting one or more surfaces
thereof to a. reciprocating finishing action while under
pressure in the mold, then permitting a crust to form
thereon, and thereafter wetting the molded form suffi¬
ciently to cause the cement in the interior to properly set.

934,712. Mechanical Drier. William M. Cummer,
Cleveland, Ohio. Filed April 6, 1908. Serial No. 425,475.

A cylinder having draft openings through its sides,
and guards over the said openings consisting each of two
portions inclosed one within the other and having a draft
space between them.

A cylinder having a series of draft openings entering
the same, combined with two part guards over said
openings, one of said parts constituting a shield for the
other, and the shielded part constructed with a double
discharge.

933,516. Screen. Charles J. Jewett, Fort Smith, Ark.
Filed July 21, 1908. Serial No. 444,667.

In a screen, side bars, a plurality of screen bars dis¬
posed between the side bars, lazy tongs disposed at either
end of the screen bars, one end of each of the lazy tongs
being secured to a side bar, the screen bars being at¬
tached at either end to levers of the lazy tongs respec¬
tively, screws journaled to a second side bar, levers con¬
nected to each of the lazy tongs at one of their ends re¬
spectively,. having threaded orifices, the screws meshing-

ing sliding engagement with the adjoining levers of the
lazy tongs at their other sides respectively, and means to
operate the said screws simultaneously.

13,022. Brick-Handling Machine. William H. Francis.
Cherry vale, Kans., assignor of one-half to Charles Fran¬
cis, Independence, Kans. Filed June 4, 1909. Serial No.
500,228. Original No. 859,445, dated July 9, 1907, Serial
No. 347,360.

A machine of the character described, comprising lift¬
ing mechanism for engaging and lifting a pile of superim¬
posed bricks as a body intact and undisturbed as an order¬
ly pile, without individual handling, said pile consisting
of a series of bricks in width and a series of bricks in

height, said mechanism containing suspending means for
carrying the lower bricks of the pile in suspension as dis¬
tinguished from supported underneath, and including
means for applying the pile-carrying strain to the bricks
below the top as distinguished from at the top.

A machine of the character described, comprising a ver¬
tically disposed frame, laterally extending arms carried
thereby, each alternate arm having its lower edge cut

away, a link carried by the outer end of the cut away arm,
gripping jaws pivotally connected to the lower ends of
said links, pivots carried by the inner ends of said grip-
ping jaws and passing through horizontal elongated slots,
arms rigidly secured to said pivots and having bifurcated
upper ends, a horizontally arranged rod passing through
said bifurcated arms, stops carried by said rod, coil springs
on the rods between the stops and the bifurcated ends of
the arms, and a pivoted operating lever connected to said
rod whereby the gripping jaws are simultaneously moved
and given the same gripping pressure.

1937,822. Vitrified Paving-Brick. Karl Langenbeck,
Boston, Mass. Filed Dec. 16, 1908. Serial No. 467,868.

As a new article of manufacture, a paving brick or block
consisting essentially of sieved coal ashes, possessing the
capability of felting and constituting the refractory por¬
tion of the ash, and a bond of clay which is more fusible
than the ash, the proportion of the bond being insufficient
to prevent felting of the ashes, said brick being practically
non-absorptive and having a vitreous fracture.

935,669. Gravity-Conveyor. Lewis D. Logan, Cherry-
vale, Kans. Filed April 29, 1908. Serial No. 429,995.

In a gravity conveyor, a frame, a series of horizontally
disposed rollers supported on said frame, a series of slot¬
ted cross bars connecting the side of said frame, a pair of
vertically disposed spindles between each pair of rollers,
vertical rollers on said spindles, means to connect said
spindles to said cross bars and passing through said slots,
and elements to secure said means in adjusted relation to
said cross bars.

In a gravity conveyor, a frame, a series of horizontally
disposed rollers supported on said frame, a series of slot¬
ted cross bars connecting the sides of said frame, a pair
of vertically disposed spindles between each pair of
rollers, vertical rollers and said spindles, longitudinal bars
resting on said cross bars and supporting siad spindles,
threaded studs projecting from said longitudinal bars
through said slots, and nuts on the projecting ends of said
studs to hold the longitudinal bar in adjusted relation to
the cross bars.

The Longmont (Colo.) Brick & Tile Co., are building
a brick shed for winter drying of brick and tile.

The Claude Brown Co., has filed a certificate changing
its name to the Hendersonville (N. C.) Brick Co.

Fred H. Thies has decided to retire from the dairy
business at Markham, Ill., and expects to manufacture
brick near Jacksonville.

The Corry (Pa.) Brick & Tile Co. have installed a Dunn
wire cut lug machine in their plant. Frank B. Dunn, of
Conneaut, Ohio, is the patentee.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. DECEMBER 15, 1909. No. 11

«•! like to read American advertisements. They are in
themselves literature, and I can gauge the prosperity ot the
country by their very appearance.” — William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
very time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
jmt of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan-
f;cea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker,

CONVENTIONS

The fifth annual convention of the National Paving
Brick Manufacturers Association, will be held at Pitts¬
burg, Pa., Feb. 7th, 1910. Secretary W. P. Blair, Indian¬
apolis, Ind.

The twenty-ninth annual convention of the Iowa Brick
and Tile Association will be held at Des Moines, la.,
January 12, 13 and 14, 19 lO. Secretary C- B. Platt. Van
Meter, la.

The twenty-fourth annual convention of the National
Brick Manufacturers Association will be held at Pittsburgh,
Pa., February fi to 12, ]9l0. Headquarters at Hotel Fort
Pitt. Secretary T. A Randall, Indianapolis, Ind

The twelfth annual convention of the American Ceramic
Society will be held at Pittsburgh, Pa , February 0. 7 and
8, 1910. Secretary. Edward Orton, Jr. Columbus, Ohio.

The thirty second annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Manufacturers Association will be held an Champaign, Ill.,
January 18, 19 and 20, 1910 Headquarters Hotel

Beardsley. Secretary George H. Hartwell, Chicago, Ill.

The National Clay Machinery Association will hold its
seventeenth annual meeting in the Fort Pitt Hotel Pitts¬
burg, Pa., Feb. 8th, 1910. Secretary W. N. Durbin, An¬
derson, Ind.

The Clay Products Association, of America, will hold
its 2nd annual meeting at Pittsburg, Pa., Feb. 8th. Head¬
quarters at Hotel Fort Pitt. Secretary J. Parker B Fiske,
Flatiron Bldg., N'ew York.

The tenth annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Manufacturers Association will be held at Milwaukee,
Wis., February 23-24-25, 1910. Headquarters St. Charles
Hotel. Secretary, Samuel Weidman, Madison, Wis.

It’s better to know more than you tell than to tell
more than you know.

“Don’t brood over the past or dream of the future ; but
seize the instant and get your lesson from the hour.”

Many a man compels himself to believe that he is hav¬
ing a good time when he is spending more money than
he can afford.

Occasionally we meet people who spend half of their
time telling what they are going to do and the other half
explaining why they didn’t do it.

Did you send in that subscription money? We can
take it any time, either for old or new subscribers, even
if we were obliged to work a little late to accommodate
you.

Read the announcements of the several conventions
that are to be held within the next eight or ten weeks,
and try to attend to as many of them as possible. You
will find that most of the progressive clay manufacturers
are at these meetings. They are there to gain knowledge
and incidentally give knowledge to others. Arrange now
to attend one or more of these meetings.

TILE COMPANY HIT HARD FOR ACCIDENT

DAMAGES.

The damage case of Mrs. Neal against the Sheffield
Brick & Tile Co. was tried in the district court at Hamp¬
ton and resulted in a verdict for Mrs. Neal of $5,500. It
will be remembered that the damage asked was $12,500.
The first of the week the damage case of Mrs. M. H. Gil-
lott against the same company was brought to trial and
after a hard fight on both sides the case was given to the
jury and they brought in a verdict for $4,000 damages.
The amount asked by the plaintiff was $15,000. It is be¬
lieved that both of these cases will be appealed to the
supreme court. The Sheffield Brick & Tile Co. are pro¬
tected by a Liability Insurance Co. and will not be losers
in the deals.

MUST PAY FOR STOCK.

A decision was also handed down in the case of E. T.
Collins vs. the Southern Brick Company, of Little Rock,
Ark., affirming a judgment of the Pulaski Circuit Court
to the effect that Collins must pay for a stock subscrip¬
tion of $2,000 made to the brick company in question.

Collins claimed that when he subscribed for the stock
R. C. Butler and C. L. Wayman, who took his subscrip¬
tion, promised he should be made manager of the com¬
pany, but that this was not carried out. Hence, he de¬
clined to pay for the stock.

The Supreme Court held that the testimony showed
that, at most, only a promise was extended to Collins by
these two men, without the knowledge or acquiescence
of the other stockholders, and that their action did not
constitute fraud or justify refusal to pay for the stock.

OBITUARY.

One of the oldest residents of Gloucester, N. Y., An¬
drew J. Beebe, eighty-six years of age, died at his home
in German street, caused by a stroke of paralysis. He
was a long life resident of Gloucester and with the Thack-
ara Brick Co. for over thirty years.

Henry H. Remmey, a member of the firm of R. C. Rem-
mey & Co., prominent manufacturers of fine brick on East
Cumberland street, Philadelphia, Pa., died at his home,
4732 Oakland St., after a long period of illness. He was
a mason, 68 years of age and a veteran of the civil war.

Robert J. M. Ward, aged 45 years, dropped dead as he
was alighting from his carriage at his home near Free¬
port, Pa. He was a member of the firm of John H.
Ward & Sons Co., brick manufacturers of Wilkinsburg,
and until a month ago lived there. Heart trouble was
the cause of his death.

OUTPUT OF CONNECTICUT PLANTS ABOUT
120,000,000— PRICES SATISFACTORY.

New Britain, Conn., Dec. 1. — The brick-manufacturing
season in. central Connecticut has lasted later than usual
this year on account of the demand for thd products, but
plants which are not equipped with artificial drying ma¬
chines have had to close because of the cold weather. It
is estimated that the total output for the season in the
New Britain, Berlin and Middletown district is approxi¬
mately 120,000,000. The Central Connecticut Brick Com¬
pany of New Britain, which has charge of the sales for
eleven subsidiary concerns, will alone handle 100,000,000
brick during the season. The manufacturers have con¬
sumed about 20,000 cords of wood during the season.'

The price of brick, ranging from $5 to $6.75 per thou¬
sand, has been satisfactory to makers. Of the total pro¬
duction for the season not less than 75 per cent has already
been shipped from the yards, and it is estimated that 10
per cent of the remainder has been sold. The demand
this season is in marked contrast with the dulness of the
market during the past two years.

BRICK INDUSTRY CAPACITY TAXED.

The manufacturers of fire brick in the Pittsburg sec¬
tion are working overtime, forcing their furnaces to the
limit to keep even with the many orders coming in for
bricks for work about the furnaces. Many thousands of
fire bricks are used yearly for furnace linings, and with
the great volume of business going to the iron and steel
manufacturers the brick makers are kept busy.

One of the makers of fire brick in this section is -said
to be over 6,000,000 bricks behind in his orders, and to be
making plans to increase the capacity of the plant. Many
others are rushing work to be ready with a large supply
of bricks when spring orders come in.

All the brick makers are looking forward to a boom
in the building industry in the spring.

Centralia, Wash., capitalists, are considering plans for
developing an extensive bed of clay two miles east of
town, making paving brick, etc.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES.

Frank Biggers received a fracture of the skull and in
dieted other injuries by being struck by the cage of a
mine of the Mexico Brick & Fire Clay Co.’s mine at
Mexico. Mo., so that he died four hours later.

Adrian Hart, a ten year old boy, met with a terrible
accident at the plant of the Mason City (la.) Brick & 'File
Co. by his clothes being entangled in a revolving shaft
and whirled around so as to crush his foot and break his
left arm.

D. P. Thomas has been appointed receiver of the H.
Scott (Kansas) Brick Co. by the Federal Court. He will
operate the plant under the receivership.

Several sheds and buildings of the Standard Brick Man¬
ufacturing Co. at Evansville, Ind., were wrecked by a
storm which passed over that section of the country.

Thomas Cunningham, foreman of the Lehigh (la.)
Clay Mnfg. plant, while going to work fell and broke the
right leg. He was found by other workmen and taken to
his home.

The Sheffield (la.) Brick & Tile Co. was hard hit by
two judgments being granted against the company for
damages in the last term of court. One to Mrs. Neal for
$5,500 and the other {o Mrs. Gillatt for $4,000. The cor
pany is insured agains employees accidents.

E. I. Frost has been appointed receiver for the Car¬
olina Clay Co. of Ashville, N. C., by the U. S. District
Judge. Mr. Frost is the president and secretary of the
company. The plant is in the extreme northwest of the
state.

John Latham was crushed to death in the Clay pit of
the Don Valley Brick Works near Toronto, Ontario,
while working in the pit.

Anton Wendelborn, night watchman for the Fond du
Lac (Wis.) Pressed Brick Co. was run over by a train by
being caught on a bridge which he was crossing to make
a short cut to home.

STEEL MAGNATE REPORTED TO BE LOOKING
OVER SPA SPRING CLAY PLANT.

That the old Staten Island Terra Cotta Lumber Co.’s
works, otherwise known as the Anderson & Lyle plant at
Spa Springs, N. J., is to go into the hands of Charles M.
Schwab, the steel magnate, is the report among real
estate investors in Perth Amboy and Woodbridge. It
has been unofficially stated that Mr. Schwab has sent
representatives to view the tract and that he has decided
to purchase it to advance his steel interests.

The property is at present in the hands of the Powers
Realty & Construction Co., a concern formed by Phila¬
delphia capitalists. The land is partly bordered by the
Pennsylvania railroad and by Woodbridge creek and the
Central tracks run through it.

Rumors current about Woodbridge are that a big steel
plant is to be constructed upon the site. Efforts to locate
any members of the present owners of the land this morn¬
ing proved futile.

Clay taken from the gold mine at Alta, Placer Co., Cal.,
is to be used for the manufacture of fire brick.

OLKY RECORD.

GAS SHORTAGE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIGH-

PRICE BRICK.

Because of the limited supply of gas manufacturers of
building brick whose kilns are located in the Kansas dis¬
trict of the gas belt, may be forced to use oil instead of
gas in the burning of brick. The supply of gas in this
district began to decrease about eight months ago and
since that time the price of common building brick has
steadily gone higher.

Common building brick is now selling in Kansas City
from $4.50 to $5.00 per thousand, while gas is plentiful it
sells from $3.00 to $3.25 per thousand, on board cars at
the kiln. At this time of the year there is ordinarily a
great supply of common brick available on the market,
but all plants declare that they have now all the orders
booked which they can handle.

There are twenty-eight plants located in the southeast¬
ern corner of Kansas from which the Kansas -City mar¬
ket derives the majority of its cheap building brick.

Because the supply of gas decreased only eighteen of
these plants are now in operation. The majority are
forced to burn oil instead of gas. Brick men and build¬
ing contractors says that there is no remedy for the sit¬
uation unless relief comes from the Oklahoma district,
where there is a plentiful supply of gas.

There are other brick plants which use coal in the burn¬
ing of the brick, but they can not ship brick or compete
with the brick plants burning gas, which furnish the
common building brick on the Kansas City market.
There has been more or less trouble at the plants for the
last eight months, but the problem reached its more ser¬
ious stage about two months ago, when several of the
wells went completely out.

The price of brick advanced $1.50 per thousand last
winter over last year’s quotations. In the spring when
the gas was more plentiful it dropped about 10 cents
on the thousand. Under the present gas troubles the
price has already advanced 50 cents a thousand over the
summer prices.

“I believe the prices for brick will advance from 50 to
75 cents a thousand more before the winter is over and
I can see no remedy for the situation unless relief can be
obtained from the Oklahoma district,” said George
Stephens, manager of the Bryant Supply Co. “It costs
twice as much to produce brick with oil as it does with
gas, and at. the present time most of the plants are forced
to burn oil. The prices for the higher grades of brick,
such as pressed and vitrified brick will not be affected
very much for most of those grades are produced by coal
burning plants.”

LARGE ORDERS FOR BRICK FROM LOCAL

CONCERN.

The Independent Brick Selling Co., of Trenton, N. J.,
with works near White Horse, have received several
large orders during the past week. They have been
awarded the contract for nine miles of sewer brick at
Bordentown, and have orders for brick for twenty-five
houses at Cape May, N. J., which are being erected by
William G. Flynn, a wealthy contractor of Pittsburg,
Pa. ; for fourteen houses at Atlantic City for Samuel H.
Headley and for the Crossley Manufacturing Co.’s gar¬
age being built off South Clinton avenue in the rear of
Barlow’s hotel. Notwithstanding this large demand for
brick the company have close on to two million on hand
at their factory.

Chicago capitalists are considering the purchase of the
Carbon (Ind.) Clay Works, and repair and place the plant
in operation.

JURY DIRECTED TO BRING IN VERDICT IN
FAVOR OF THE DEFENDANT IN AN ACCI¬
DENT CASE.

After arguments on the motion, in the case of Hiram
B. Gray vs. The United Brick Company, Conneaut, Ohio,
to order a verdict for the defendant, were finished, Judge
Roberts sustained it and ordered a verdict for the defend¬
ant.

The court made a review of the circumstances of the
case in which dynolite or some other substance contained
in an iron tube the plaintiff was using about a fire, ex¬
ploded and he was injured. The point made by this de¬
fense was that the company had no knowledge of the
presence of the explosive in the tube and therefore was in ,
no way responsible for the accident. At the close the
motion was sustained and the jury was called in and di¬
rected to return a verdict for the company.

Many witnesses were examined, among whom was the
plaintiff. His story was in harmony with the claims
made in his petition, that while at work with an iron tube
for the defendant company, dynolite, a dangerous explo¬
sive which had been placed in the tube let go and he was
seriously injured. This was on April 3, 1908, and the
witness explained what the result of the explosion had
been and such other details as were deemed necessary to
his side of the case.

He was vigorously cross-examined by Mr. Cox, and
City Clerk Chilson was called to identify the ordinance
record of Conneaut city. Then the plaintiff rested.

The jurors were excused while Mr. Cox argued a mo¬
tion to take the case from the jury and order a verdict for
the defendant company on the ground that no negligence
had been shown by the defense. He called attention to
several claims in the plaintiff’s petition which he said had
not been proved in evidence. Considerable time was
spent and authorities read in the argument.

PRODUCES GAS FIRED FURNACES.

1 he above name is the title of a book which has just
been given to the public. It is full of good information
such as the clay manufacturer wants. The book has 200
pages, 237 illustrations and is published by the author.
Oskar Negel, Ph. D., a consulting chemical engineer.

The use of producer gas as an industrial fuel increases
constantly and represents a progress in economy and
hygienics. One ton of coal will do more work after its
transformation into gas — as compared to direct firing —
the hygienic advantage involved therein being the smoke¬
less combustion of the gas. Furthermore, high grade
coal can be replaced by low grade fuels, if the solid com¬
bustibles are gasified before being burned.

The suitable construction of the industrial furnace is
of the greatest importance for the satisfactory applica¬
tion of producer cas. To give detailed descriptions and
practical illustrations of nearly all kinds of gas-fired fur¬
naces is the main object of this book, which is the first
American work on this subject. Actual installations of
the furnaces used in the chemical, metal, metallurgical,
iron, steel, lime, cement, class, brick and ceramic indus¬
tries are described and illustrated. The combustion of
producer gas and the construction of producers are also
treated with sufficient detail.

The Clay Record will supply any of its readers with
this book at the regular price, $2.00 net.

The ownership of the Dunn Brick Works, Erie, Pa.,
has changed hands, but the business will be continued by
the same management and on the same lines. J. A. Liebel
for 30 years the superintendent and Will H. Miller for
five years the clerk, is secretary and business manager.

SAYLORSBURG BRICK PLANT REACHES
NEW DAWN OF PROSPERITY.

The Blue Ridge Brick Enamel Company, whose finely
equipped plant is located at Saylorsburg, Pa., has reached a
new dawn of prosperity ; its output is to be greatly enlarged
as well as the diversity of the product. Important changes
have taken place and the capital has been increased. New
men have associated themselves with the company and this
industry, which has already brought much prominence and
fame to the county, will prove even more of an industrial
factor than ever before.

In the past the company confined itself to the manufacture
of enamel brick of a superior quality, but in the future will
increase its output beyond anything ever dreamed of. It is
the purpose of the company to make a fine building front
brick of superb finish in buff, grey and other colors as de¬
sired, floor tiling and encaustic tile. In order to do this all
the high grade machinery at the big plant is being overhauled
and placed in a condition to meet the demand placed upon it.

The broadening out of the scope and importance of the
well known plant is due to the fact that Charles Pryce has
discovered on the plant’s property large deposits of clay of
the same consistency of that formerly brought in from New
Jersey and western Pennsylvania at considerable cost. The
fact that the clay is to be had right at the plant means a con¬
siderable curtailment in the cost of production and places
the company in a much better position to meet the competi¬
tion to which all manufacturing concerns are subjected. Mr.
Pryce, who will have charge of the technical end of the
business, is an Englishman by birth, and, besides being a
practical brick man, having been connected with some of the
largest enameled brick plants in England, is a chemist, and
geologist.

The general superintendent, who is now in charge of the
mechanical end of the business, is George Prentice, whose
experience in the manufacture of brick well fits him for the
important responsibilities placed on him.

Another important acquisition to the company is Max¬
imilian Kahn, who is interested in large manufacturing
plants in and around New York city. Canada and the west.
Mr. Kahn is not a total stranger to the brick business inas¬
much as his own people are largely engaged in this line in
England. Mr. Kahn adds much strength to the company.
It was the infusion of this new blood that has had so much
to do with the broadening out of the plant.

Nor does the company propose to do the things men¬
tioned, but contracts of much importance have already been
received. A large quantity of the enamel brick, which has
made the company famous, has been ordered by the Pruden¬
tial Insurance Company, of Newark, and the output of this
plant have been specified by the United States government
to be used in a number of government contracts.

BOSTON MANUFACTURERS FILE BILL
AGAINST SOUTHERN CLAY AND
THE LASSLYS.

Alleged unfair trade competition, and alleged infringe¬
ment of copyright on a trade catalogue are the charges
in a suit brought yesterday in the United States circuit
court against the Southern Clay Manufacturing Co. and
W. M. Lassly and T. Ii. Lassly by the firm of Fiske & Co.,
(Inc.), and J. Parker B. Fiske, of Boston and New York.
The papers in the suit were filed in the above court late
yesterday afternoon. The plaintiffs in the case are repre¬
sented by L. A. Janney and Emery & Booth, of Boston,
and Watkins & Thompson, of Chattanooga.

A temporary restraining order was granted by the
court enjoining the defendants from further distribution
of the alleged infringing catalogues or phamphlets, also
an order authorizing the seizure of any of the same cata¬
logues that may be found in any of the offices of the de¬
fendants. A hearing on the motion for preliminary in¬
junction is set for Saturday next, Dec. 4, at 9 a. m.

In the bill it is indicated that the firm of Fiske & Co.
are one of the oldest and best known manufacturers of
brick and brick work in the country, claiming to have
been established in 1864. To state fully the charges in
the bill, the Boston firm claims to issue one of the finest
and most complete trade catalogues in the whole coun¬
try, bearing fine engravings and other things intended to
set forth the business of Fiske & Co. in the most attrac¬
tive manner possible. All of this is protected by the
United States, copyright laws. The papers, which have
been filed in the suit, allege that the Southern Clay Manu¬
facturing Co. have issued catalogues or pamphlets bearing
exact photographic reproductions of the engravings in
the catalogue of Fiske & Co., in direct violation of the
copyright laws. As stated above the plaintiff’s charge
that this is unfair trade competition, and they ask that
the Chattanooga firm be restrained from sending out any
more of the alleged infringing printed matter.

As a result of the suit filed yesterday in the United
States circuit court against the Southern Clay Manufac¬
turing Co., of this city, by Fiske & Co. (Inc.), of New
York and Boston, charging alleged infringement of copy¬
right, all the catalogues, in which the alleged infringe¬
ment took place, were taken from the offices of the defend¬
ant Co. Saturday night by a deputy United States mar¬
shal, acting on an order of seizure granted the plaintiffs by
the court. Eleven packages of the catalogues were taken
charge of by the officer, containing about ten thousand
books. They will be held in the custody of the marshal’s
office to be used as evidence in the hearing of the pre¬
liminary injunction which is set for Dec. 4. — Chatta¬
nooga Times, Nov. 28-30, 1909.

GRIFFIN BRICK CO. GETS REDUCED RATES

INTO ATLANTA.

The railroad commission decided in favor of the Griffin
(Ga.), Press Brick Co. in both its contentions against the
Central railroad.

The first was to reduce the freight rate from Chestle-
hurst into Atlanta from 2 Yz cents to 2 cents. Attorney
W. H. Beck showed that Macon, twice as far away, got a
rate of 2 Yz cents, while Calhoun. 79 miles away in the
other direction, was only charged two cents. With this
rate given it, the Griffin company will get much business
in Atlanta, where its quality of brick had been favored in
many instances heretofore but freight had prevented sales.

The other point gained was in getting a minimum rate
of 40.000 pounds instead of the full capacity of the large
cars that the railroad frequently sent them and charged
for whether filled or not.

KENILWORTH BRICK HAS 10,000,000 ORDER.

The Kenilworth Brick company, East Liverpool, O., is
enjoying one of the most prosperous periods since the
recent financial stringency. 1 he company now has
orders on hand for more than 10,000,000 brick, and the
plant will be rushed to its full capacity for the next year.
The indications for a steady run are exceedingly bright.

The orders have been coming in with much regularity at
the Kenilworth concern. The entire number of employes
at the plant are now working full time and will continue
to do so for the next year.

The company is just completing a contract to furnish
3,000.000 bricks for the construction of the new independ¬
ent sheet and tin plate plant being constructed by the
Phillips Sheet & Tin Plate company at Weir City, the
new mill town near Holiday’s Cove. These brick will
be delivered within the next two weeks.

CLKY RECORD,

BRICK MEN ELECT OFFICERS AND BANQUET.

Nine manufacturers of brick, representing the most
powerful interests of the industry in Hackensack, and
comprising the membership of the Brick Manufacturers’
Association of Hackensack held the first annual dinner
of the newly formed organization at Abbenseth’s Hotel
the night of Dec. 4th, at Hackensack, N. J. Besides the
members there were present six guests, some of them not
brickmakers but all interested.

Before the starting of the banquet, at 8 o’clock, there
was a short business session at which officers for the ensu¬
ing year were elected. At least it was supposed to be an
election, but as everyone was well satisfied with the men
who have been holding down those jobs, they were simply
named over again. They are President Elmore N. Mehr-
hof and Secretary Treasurer William H. Travianus. Wil¬
liam B. Mackay, Jr., is counsel for the organization, the
purpose of which is to inject some system into the local
brick business and to obviate some of the objectionable
features of miscellaneous competition.

After the meeting those present sat down and proved
themselves excellent trenchermen. There were several
speeches made during the evening and the purposes of the
organization were thoroughly outlined. Counsel Mackay,
Jr., was the first talker, and he had a lot of interesting
things to say in regard to the association and what it has
accomplished. He was followed by H. M. Post of Pater¬
son and by Van Vorst Wells, secretary of the County
Tax Board, Nicholas Mehrhof, who is 80 years old and
the veteran of the local brick manufacturers, also de¬
livered an interesting talk. He told of his experience in
the business and of his hopes for the association, of which
he is one of the leading members. During the dinner it
was stated that the mine members of the organization
have manufactured 100,000,000 brick during the past sea¬
son at their yards on the Hackensack River. Some other
statistics, which go to show that the business is in a
highly prosperous condition, were offered.

Those who comprise the association and had repre¬
sentatives present last night are the Mehrhof Brick Com¬
pany, the Hackensack Brick Company, Travianus and
Gardner, Nicholas Mehrhof & Company, Edwin Sch-
mults, I. E. Gardner, Philip Mehrhof, James W. Gillis
and M. B. and L. B. Gardner. The invited guests were
T. M. Brewster, Van Vorst Wells, Warren D. Mehrhof,
H. M. Post and C. E. Walsh. Music and entertainment
was furnished by Frank Shafer’s one-man orchestra.

BRICK PLANT STARTS AND DECLARES 10 PER
CENT DIVIDEND IN SIX MONTHS.

To place a brick plant in operation and declare a divi¬
dend of 10 per cent in six months operation would be
an impossible feat anywhere except Canev, Kansas, but
that is what the American Brick company accomplished
in a brief existence of one-half year. A dividend of 10
per cent was declared at a meeting of the stockholders,
and paid Nov. 30. It is an excellent showing and proves
what can be done with the brick shale of Caney. With
three plants in operation, one declaring a 10 per cent
dividend in six months and another chartered to build
immediately, Caney is fast asserting its rightful place as
the best place in the country to manufacture brick. —
Chronicle.

The Falls Brick & Tile Co., Sheboygan Falls, Wis.,
have built a downdraft kiln so that they can burn drain
tile. They expect to next make the plant so that they
can operate in the entire year. Wachter Bros, own the
plant.

NEW JERSEY TAKING QUANTITIES OF BRICK.

Reports from Washburn Bros., Sayre & Fisher Co.,
Cook & Genung and other big distributors this side of the
Hudson River show that New Jersey is taking exception¬
ally large quantities of common brick for this time of the
year, and this in spite of the fact that the number of per¬
mits issued in some of the leading Jersey cities have
fallen off within the last few weeks. Discussing this
matter at the Builder’s Exchange this week, one gentle¬
man said that it was undoubtedly due to contractors
hastening work in the suburbs and to the general prac¬
tice of dealers to stack in anticipation of much higher
prices early next year. Builders in New Jersey were fix¬
ing to be prepared to take new business on sizeable con¬
tracts during the winter, should it be an open one. This
condition held true in nearly all classes of building ma¬
terial, stone being one of the exceptions.

Raritan River hard brick is still in demand in New
Jersey. Brooklyn also is taking a large quantity. Big
shipments are going into small Jersey towns, for instance,
New Brunswick, Elizabeth and Perth Amboy, where big
operations are in progress. They are holding firm at
$5.75 to $6.

TILE WORKS SENDS EMPLOYES HOME.

Several hundred employees of the C. Pardee Works, in
Perth Amboy, N. J., were sent home the 6th inst., and
the tile department of the concern was closed, and the
steel rolling mill operated by the Pardee concern, started
after being closed for nearly two years.

It is believed that the concern will no longer manu¬
facture wall tile. During the past year the salesman,
superintendent and chemist of the company have resigned
and have erected two similar industries in the city, one
of which is the largest in this section of the country.

The output of the local plants exceeds the demand in
the Eastern market and it is believed that the Pardee con¬
cern will abandon the manufacture of tile and manufac¬
ture only steel.

ANNUAL REPORT SHOWS SURPLUS AFTER
DIVIDENDS OF $682,027.

The annual report of the Harbison-Walker Refractories
Co., Pittsburg, Pa., for the twelve months ended September
30 last, shows net profits of $1,526,878, an increase of
$378,472. Surplus after dividends is placed at $682,027,
equal to 3.78 per cent earned on $18,000,000 common stock,
as compared with 1.73 per cent in the previous year. Here
is the condensed income account of the company, with com-

parisons :

1909.

1908.

Xet profits . .

. $1,526,878

$1,148,406

Sundry deductions .

. 150,285

133,038

Balance .

. $B376,593

$1,015,368

Interest .

. 119,187

127,938

Surplus .

. $1,257,406

$ 887,430

Preferred dividend .

. 575,370

575,614

Surplus .

. *$ 682,027

$ 311,816

Previous surplus .

. 3,169,961

2,858,146

Total surplus .

. $3,851,988

$3,169,961

The McKeesport (Pa.) Brick Co., has filed

a complaint

with the State Railroad Commission about rates charged
by the railroads in that vicinity.

CLRY RECORD,

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS.

J. J. White has been appointed receiver for the Spok¬
ane (Wash.), Pottery Co., at the request of Daniel Shults.
The assets are $41,7% and liabilities $21,276.

After an idleness of one year the New Cumberland (W.
Va.) Porcelain' Works will be opened and electrical sup¬
plies will be made. T. R. Swaney is in charge.

William Greene of Sebring, O., has left for Georgia in
the interest of the Patterson Foundry & Machine Co., of
East Liverpool, O. A clay plant will be erected.

The United States Potteries Co., Jersey City, N. J., has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock. Incor¬
porators are John L. Wells, William M. Parke and
.Charles T. Lark. The company is to manufacture pot¬
tery ware.

The proposed pottery to employ 200 hands at Glen¬
garry, Wexford Co., Mich., is said now to be a certainty.
The company has an option on the W. L. Sturtevant
farm. The buildings are to be 135x450 feet in dimen¬
sions, and machinery operated by electric power.

THE KING ENGINEERING REMODELING
MANY DRYERS.

The Cliffwood Brick Co. of Cliffwood, N. J., after hav¬
ing all kinds of trouble in drying their brick heard of suc¬
cessful dryers at Richmond, Va., and Washington, D. C..
which were reconstructed by Edwin A. King, the con¬
sulting engineer of the King Engineering Co., of Rich¬
mond, Va., and decided to send their superintendent to
both of these places to investigate dryers. He visited
the plant of W. Benj. Davis, which is also drying soft
mud brick and was so pleased with the results that the
King Engineering Co. was given the contract to remodel
the “Crown Dryers” which had been used on the Cliff¬
wood plant for three years. Mr. King is now at Key-
port, N. J., and will soon have the dryer ready to opera, te.

ILLINOIS BRICK COMPANY PUT ON REGULAR

ROSTER.

The listing committee of the Chicago Stock Exchange has
placed the stock of the Illinois Brick Company on the regu¬
lar roster. The organization has submitted a balance sheet

as of September 30, as follows :

ASSETS.

Real estate . $1,100,115.20

Buildings and machinery . 2,537,912.98

Accounts receivable . 266,711.09

Brick . 273,383.76

Supplies . 78,190.67

Bills receivable . 11,602.09

Yard No. . . 113,184.51

Cash . 3T09-53

Total . $4,384,209.83

LIABILITIES.

Capital stock . $4,000,000.00

Accounts payable . 89,926.13

Bills payable . 66,800.00

Surplus . 227,483-7°

Total . $4,384,209.83

SAND OR LIME BRICK OR BLOCK NLWS.

Henry Weltz of Savannah, Ill., has bought land at York-
town and will build a cement tile factory there.

The Kansas City (Mo.) Gray Brick Co. plant at Bonner
Springs, Kans., is said to be sold the 22nd of December.

Bryan Bros. Mfg. Co., Perry, Iowa, is now producing
cement brick and tile in large quantities, employing twenty
men.

The Rochester Sandstone Brick Co., Shelby, Mich., is
doing a good business and has all the orders the company
can handle.

Frank Hiskett has been experimenting on the manufacture
of white cement brick and is figuring on making them at
Louisiana, Mo.

The Lincoln (Ill.) Sand & Grav.el Co. is building a new
concrete tile plant south of the city. They will start making
tile as soon as the machinery is all in.

S. W. Gooch and M. A. Harris of Selmer, Tenn., will
soon manufacture brick by a new patent chemical process,
patented by W. L. Sanderson of Byhalia, Miss.

The Natchez, Miss., municipal tile plant is now in opera¬
tion making tile from 12 to 24 inches in diameter. Street
commissioner Rutherford has charge of the work.

William Strong, manager of the Montana Granite Brick
Co. at Helena, Mont., attended the National Assn, of
Sand Lime Brick manufacturers recently held at Buf¬
falo, N. Y.

W. H. Crume, president of the Crume Brick Co., Day-
ton, O., read a paper on the manufacture of sandstone
brick at the National meeting which was just held at
Buffalo, N. Y.

The Manufacturers Association of Salt Lake City, Utah,
is trying to locate a sand-lime brick industry in that city and
tests are being made of the sands for that purpose. Michigan
parties are being considered.

Isaac Brendon & Bros., Inc., has been incorporated at
Jersey City, N. J., with $75,000 capital stock, by Hugo S.
Mack, William Kaufman and Emile Pincus. The com¬
pany is to manufacture brick, cement and stone building
materials.

The Black Hills Brick Co., Rapid City, S. Dak., has
been incorporated with $500,000 capital stock by A. O.
Figge, C. N. Monk and H. F. Perry. The location of the
plant is likely to be at Canyon Lake where a fine deposit
of sand can be found.

The Wisconsin Sand & Gravel Co., Janesville, Wis.,
has been organized by J. Rubin, George Rubin, and J. H.
Krause of Rockford, Ill., and S. W. Rostein of Janesville,
and have bought the property of the Janesville Cement
Post Co., and the company goes out of existence.

The Concrete Stone & Gravel Co., of Tacoma, Wash., is
installing machinery to make concrete brick, the proprietors
having organized the Tacoma Cement Glazed Pipe Co., for
this purpose. The officers are R. M. Thompson, president
and treasurer; C. W. Thompson, vice-president and secre¬
tary.

The Janesville (Wis.) Granite Brick & Stone Co. have
purchased a 10 acre site north of the Rock Island tracks
at Oklahoma City, Okla., and will remove their Janes¬
ville plant there and build a $75,000 plant. The daily
capacity will be 40,000 brick. R. L. Corley is the man¬
ager of the new company.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Arranged to

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

Baintl of Sttoertorityi Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and opeyte Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
on?h“f of the f"f ®s“ 'n other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utiliringr Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most .uccesslully

Address, H« HA I G H, Cntskill, N, Y«

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.

The Old Dover (Del.) Brick Yard has been sold to Joseph
Bast for $5,800.

Arkansas City, Kansas wants a brick works of large pro¬
portions, says Mayor Hess.

The Builders Brick Co., Hertford, N. C., has been or¬
ganized to manufacture brick, etc.

The L. W. May Brick Co. has bought the Summit (Miss.)
Brick & Tile Mfg. Co.’s plant and will operate same.

The management of the West Concord (Minn.) Brick &
Tile Works will enlarge and make many improvements to
their plant.

One hundred cars of brick and tile is the monthly output
of the Ottumwa (la.) Brick & Construction Co. from their
large plant west of the city.

The Susquehanna Fire Clay Co., Edgewater, N. J., has
been incorporated with $30,000 capital stock by E. J. Forhan,
J. J. Harper and G. F. Martin.

The plant and property of the Dillsburg (Pa.) Vitrified
Brick & Tile Co. has been sold to Attorney Weaver of
Carlisle, who was acting in the interest of the bondholders.

The Giddings (Texas) Pressed Brick Co. is having a
switch track put into their works so that they can further
develop their property. They will also add two more kilns
to the plant.

The Chamber of Commerce of Hobart, Okla., have made
arrangements with E. C. Murphy and associates, to build a
brick plant to make 20,000 brick daily and have same ready
for operation by March.

The Zanesville (Ohio) Floor & Wall Tile Co. has been
incorporated by W. W. Harper, J. F. Brown, J. W. McCoy,
J. B. Owens and H. C. Van Voorhis. They already have a
plant which is now working full time.

The Begley-McDonnell Brick Co. has been incorporated
at Middletown, Conn., by J. J. McDonnell of Middletown,
president and E. S. Begley of Meriden, secretary and treas¬
urer. Their brick yard is at Smith’s Crossing.

The Harms Brick Co., Glenview, Ill., has been organized
with $60,000 capital stock. The incorporators are Charles
Harms, John Harms and Alfred Duesing. The company
takes over the plant operated by John R. Harms.

The Teoloycuan Brick Co. has been incorporated to en¬
gage in the manufacture of brick. The incorporators are:
M. G. Bender of Brooklyn, N. Y. ; K. R. Norton of Jersey
City, N. J. ; B. Cooke of Englewood, N. J., and J. N. Satter¬
field of Dover, Del. It’s a Dover incorporation.

The Morrison-Trammell Brick Co.’s plant at Rome, Ga.
has been sold to D. B. Hamilton, Jr., and C. C. Harper, who
have organized the Standard Sewer Pipe Co., and will install
machinery to manufacture sewer pipe. Messrs Morrison-
Trammell and associates will open a new brick works on the
west side of town.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

Boston FISKE & CO., InC., New York

Rush L. De Wise is now the sole owner of the brick
and tile factory at Sac City, Iowa.

The Corning (Ohio) Brick Co. has about completed one
of the best equipped and modern constructed brick plants
in the state of Ohio.

Robert Sheron will erect a four-kiln tile factory north of
the Rolling Mill at Marion, Ind., and expects to have same
ready to operate by the new year.

The Mangum (Okla.) Brick Co. has been incorporated
with $20,000 capital stock. The incorporators are: D. J.
Doyle, Jasper Ledbetter and Lee Hawkins.

The Star Brick Co., Nowata, Okla., under the able man¬
agement of J. J. Riner, is now making a splendid brick.
They just completed burning a large kiln which are very
good.

The Cheyenne (Wyoming) Brick Co. has been organized
with $50,000 capital stock by T. A. Cosgrifif and other local
people. Shale will be hauled 45 miles from Iron Mountain
station.

The Northern Brick & Supply Co., 661 Gilfillan Bldg.,
St. Paul, Minn., have refitted their offices and now have
a most complete show room in which to display their
samples of Building materials.

The plant of the Dover Fire Brick Co., at Gleaston, Pa.,
has been taken over by Troy, N. Y., capitalists. The officers
are: William C. Geer, president; Wm. Sleicher, vice-presi¬
dent; H. S. Sleicher, secretary and treasurer. Under the
new control the plant will be greatly enlarged ; it is now pay¬
ing one per cent a month dividends.

1 he Trumbull Brick Co., of Youngstown, O., has been
incorporated with $50,000 capital stock. The incorpor¬
ators are Charles Crook, J. G. Butler, Jr., E. E. Klooz,
J. B. Chambers and LI. H. Hoffmaster. This is a reor¬
ganization of the Leavittsburg Brick Co., and the office
is to be removed from Warren to Youngstown.

DIRECT HEAT

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

AMERICAN PROCESS CO.,

68 William Si. NEW YORK CITY

The North Collins (N. Y.) Shale Brick Co., has been
incorporated with $25,000. The principal office will be
in Buffalo.

The Louisville (Ky.) Sewer Pipe Co., Lincoln Bank
Bldg., has been incorporated by Robt. S. Brandies, L.
Frankel and F. B. Moss.

The Tennessee Refining Co., Black Fox, Tenn., will in¬
stall machinery for making pressed and enameled brick.
W . E. Ragsdale is manager.

The Atlantic Brick Mfg. Co., May's Landing, N. J.,
closed their plant for the winter, having several million
brick in stock at their yards.

The Hammond (W. Va.) Fire Brick Co., whose plant
was burned to the ground a few weeks ago, will rebuild
with fireproof buildings as soon as possible.

W. H. Segnor, supt. of a brick works at Ridgway, Pa.,
has moved to Johnsonburg, Pa., where he will be con¬
nected with a new brick works in that place.

James Devlin, of Iola, Kansas, has contracted to build
a brick plant at Pawhuska, Okla., and will begin work the
first of the year. His plant will employ 60 men.

The North & Frazier Tile Works at Bluffton, Ind.,
started operation last week. The plant is in charge of
Mr. North, of Portland, who is an experienced tile maker.

James Finch, supt. of the Edwards Vit. Brick & Sewer
Pipe Co., at Albion, Ill., has sold his interests to Mr. Mc¬
Daniel, of Vincennes, and resigned, and will enter the
mercantile business.

The Southern Minnesota Brick & Tile Co., Austin,
Minn., has let the contract to build their plant to the
Nelson Construction Co., of Mason City, la. Consider¬
ation, $175,000. W. H. Gleason, of Mason City, is pres¬
ident.

The Junction City (O.) Clay Products Co., recently
held a meeting at Southern Hotel, Columbus, O., and de¬
cided to enlarge the business. J. H. Coleman is pres¬
ident of the company and E. A. Young of Somerville,
secretary.

The Little Rock Refiners Clay Co., Little Rock, Ark.,
has increased its capital stock from $25,000 to $50,000.
T. E. Walther is president and Jay Kerr is secretary and
treasurer. The company was organized to operate a
Fuller’s earth plant.

B. F. Wiggins, of Monroeville, Ala., wants prices on
brick making machinery.

1 he S. M. Johnson Brick Works at Minera, Texas, is
to be opened at once. Capt. W. D. Green, of Seguin, is
the manager.

I he l aneha (Okla.) i ownsite Co., wants a brick works
and will give a site and contract for gas at 2J4 cents a
1,000 cubic feet. (P. O. address Sapulpa).

The Mulford-Burke Brick Co., Los Angeles, Cali., has
been incorporated with $100,000 capital stock by James
K. Burke and others.

The Ft. Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Co., has received
an order for 1,000,000 brick for use in building the pipe
line station at Kinta, Okla.

James Gamble has purchased a clay bank between San
Bernardino and Colton, Cali., and will remove his brick
yard from 9th street to the new site.

The Maysville (Ky.) Brick Yards, have closed down
after a most successful season. The output was over
5,000,000 brick, all of which found good prices.

Calvin E. Schildknecht and Oscar B. Coblentz have
purchased the Brookey Brick Works, opposite E. 5th
street, at Frederick, Md., from Mrs. Ellen V. Brookey.

The Hobart (Okla.) Pressed Brick Co., has been in¬
corporated with 10,000 capital stock. Directors are
W. W. Rowland, J. C. Murphy, and E. S. Jones, of Ho¬
bart.

P. B. Lynch, of Vallejo, Cali., is associated with his
father-in-law, James Clyne, a capitalist, at Benicia, in
organizing a stock company to establish a brick works
at Glen Cove, three miles east of Vallejo.

The leases of the Robinson and of the Baker Brick
Works, at Denver, Colo., expire Jan. 1st, 1910, and the
subdivision is to be divided and homes built upon same
by the C. W. Fisher Investment Co., recently incor¬
porated.

1 he Johnson Bros. Clay Works will be doubled in ca¬
pacity at Clay Works, Webster Co., Ia., this winter. Its
present capacity is 80,000 brick. They will build a twin
plant and equip it with modern machinery. D. E. John¬
son is now making the purchases.

The International Klinch Tile Co., Alexandria, Va., has
been organized with $200,000 capital stock. The officers
are: B. G. Smith, president, Washington, D. C. ; A. D.
Montier, vice-pres., Alexandria, Va. ; E. H. Taggert, sec¬
retary and treasurer, Washington.

v \ , . WJ

x s

The Johnson Non-Detachable Folding and Sliding Deck

Is adap ed for any style of Dryer Car

The deck can be
placed on either
side or center of
the car for load¬
ing or unloading
without remov¬
ing from the car
The Johnson
deck is a labor
and material sa¬
ver and is especially so when permanent kilns are used

The Johnson deck can be made of wood, steel or galvanized
iron and of malleable iron or drop forgings.

For further information address

CHARLES H. JOHNSON, 1824 GreenJeal St., Chicago, III.

FOR SALL

One Penfield power Repress in first-class condition,
capacity 10,000 per day, used only one month, write
for particulars.

American Enameled Brick & Tile Co.

1 Madison Ave., New York City.

FOR SALE

One Four Mold Simpson Dry Press
One Fernholtz Pulverizer.

One 40 h. p. Engine and Boiler. Also shafting,
pulleys, etc. Have extra mold box for dry press.
Will sell all or anv part of this machinery.

ED. SHANNON,

Shellsburg, Iowa

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants.

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALL

One No. 9A Brewer Tile Machine with hand Brick
and Tile Cutters, Brick Dies and Tile Dies 3 Vz to 8 in.
One 40 horse power Engine.

C. L- FINK,

Bricelyn, Minn.

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

FOR SALE

AT A HEAVY SACRIFICE for quick
turn one half the stock (total stock $25,0 0)
fully paid up, in dry pressed brick plant in
Illinois city of 75,000. The plant now Tun¬
ing and in good condition, Plenty of clay
and plenty of demand. Owner must sell as
other business demands his whole attention,
Snap for practical brick man. Any terms
will be made on reasonable security. Act
quick as owner will sell to first reasonable
offer. Address “HASTE”

Care of Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Burn 99 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
1317 Montello Av., N. E. Washington, D. C.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Address “SAND-LIME,”

Care of Clay Record, Chicag* !.

FOR SALE

Bight and left-hand One, Two aud Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
at special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. CO.,

Cleveland, Ohio.

FOR SALL

Sand-Lime Brick Plant in excellent condition,
making granite pressed facing brick and standard
grade of sterling quality, on four raikoads, close
to large markets, good trade, unable to fill orders
now. A snap if taken at once. Write us.

Address "506” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

POSITION WANTED

A German Expert, 28 years of age. graduate of the
Luban Ceramic School with complete knowledge
of all branches in brick or clay industry, particularly
in building and operating kilns. Speak German,
Polish, Slavic and some English, wants a position
, in a Brick Yard or Clayworks.

Address LOUIS ZENKER,

194 4th Street, Passaic, N. J.

FOR SALL CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,

57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co. No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Brauch,
Brazil, Ind.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTLD

Sales Dept. Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products;
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire cla3' proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads. Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

“LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

quoted.

. 41 White St.,

li better mailt, cut Iron
SB and *10, t#

4 Wheel, $3.00

5 Wheel, $3.25
Guaranteed.

Bold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK. MICH-

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on fire
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M., Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

To sell all or a two-thirds interest in an up-to-date
Brick Plant and Coal Mines, excellent shale for
street block. 12 feet of fire clay, two coal mines, both
operated with compressed air machine, with more
orders than can be taken care of. An excellent
proposition and a money maker, good reason for
selling. Manager wants to go South. If interested
write to, “BERT” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

DRYLR CARS

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALL

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and makiDg brick.
Address,

FERNHOLTZ BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new.
Made about 200,000 brick. Guarenteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO.,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio

CLAY PLANT WANTED

We are in the market for a Brick and Clay Works,
one that is located as near to Chicago as possible,
State all particulars in first letter.

Address “CLAY PLANT”,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALL

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on James
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic convevors, new aiid commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the' state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon
opolv of" best market in U. 'S. for drain tiie to net
$20.H) per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L. JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

Centrifugal Clay Screen

Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging perforations in the
plate

Surrounding the vertical shaft is
a cast iron hopper or spout through
which the clay is fed on the screen
plate. This hopper can be raised or
lowered to regulate the flow of clay
on the screen. The hopper being al¬
ways full of clay keeps an even flow
to the screen. The screen as it re-
voles throws the clay from the center
to the outside of the screen plate, the
flow being even and regular The
larger particles of clay, too large to
pass through the perforations, pass
over the screen plate to the outside
and fall through the outer housing
to a spout conveying them to the
grinding pan for regrinding. The
fine particles of clay sift through the
screen plate into the inner housings
or hopper and pass to a conveyor and
into a clay bin.

The whole operation is rapid and
thorough and the principle insures
great capacity and freedom from
troubles. Many of these screens have
been installed and are giving univer¬
sal satisfaction.

In actual operation the No 147
Screen, which has a screen plate six
feet in diameter, is screening equal
to the capacity of two nine- foot
dry pans. We also build this screen
with a four-foot screen which will handle clay to the capacity of one pan. Full particulars
as to construction and operation of this screen will be sent upon request

We build every machine and appliance required for the manufacture of every class of clay
products by all processes. We are much the largest manufacturers of Clay Working Machinery
in the world Manufacturing as we do every machine and appliance right in our own facto¬
ries we are better prepared to serve you at a saving in time and money than are others.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

GLAV RECORD

Force Feed Oiling System for Clay Working Machinery

No. 65 Auger Machine Showing Force Feed Oiling System and Housing

The illustration shows our improved central oiling device for thrust bearings. By this improvement
thrusts are oiled from the center instead of trying to get the oil to run from the periphery of the thrust
plates to the center. The gravitation o 1 a revolving plate or disc is from the center and not toward it,
consequently by the old system there was no assurance that thrust plates received the proper amount of oil.
Our new method of applying the oil by force feed to the center of the plates insured plenty of oil and free
dom from repairs.

The second illustration shows the No. 65 Auger Brick Machine and Force Feed Oiler housed with a
dust proof cover to protect the oiling system and the machine from dust and to protect the workmen. The
housing is arranged with hinged doors so that the gearing and the bearings can be inspected at all times.
The illustration also shows the No. 65 machine equipped with cut steel gearing. While this is an ideal
equipment the oiling system can be applied to standard iron gearing.

This Force Feed Sight Oiling System can be applied to any of our Clay Working Machines. Cor¬
respondence solicited.

We build every machine and appliance needed for making clay products by all processes.

The American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Force Feed Oiling System for Clay Worknig Machinery

No. 65 Auger Machine Showing Force Feed Oiling System, Housing Removed

If your engineer persisted in forgetting to oil his engine you would get a new
engineer. Our Clay Working Machinery is built as carefully as your engine and is
entitled to as careful attention. We have been frequently blamed for inferior ma¬
chinery when the trouble was entirely due to the failure to oil the machine. Our
machinery is “Built Right” and will “Run Right,” but it will not continue to run right
without oil. In order to insure an adequate supply of oil and at the same time pre¬
vent a waste of lubricant, we have brought out a force feed oiling system which is
here shown attached to our massive No. 65 Auger Brick Machine. The oiling system
consists of a force sight feed pump device driven by either belt or ratchet. Each
bearing is connected by a pipe leading from the force pump and each bearing has
its individual sight feed so that any one can see that each bearing is receiving the
proper amount of oil. A catch pan which is made a part of the base of the Auger
Machine receives all drip and the oil thus collected is saved. While this is a source
of oil economy it is far more economical in saving bearings and gearings.

The American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Wet and Dry Pans

with our heavy, durable and
efficient machines.

The heavy side frames
are substantially tied to¬
gether at the top by the
cross beam, in the center by
tie bars and also on the floor
line. The shafting is large
and of steel. The gears are
of special design and excel¬
lent quality. The bearings
are long and well babitted.
The mullers are heavy,
adjustable and removable.
The screen plates are made
of special iron. The step is
of our approved type and
the complete pan is one that
can be depended upon under
more than ordinary circum¬
stances. All joints are care¬
fully machined and fitted
and bolts are made secure
by lock-nuts. The vertical
shaft and muller shafts are
secured by large removable
bearings, which make it pos¬
sible to remove any of these
shaftsor the mullers without
disturbing the balance of the pan. The gearing is kept to its full efficiency by our device for
taking up any possible wear, which insures a perfect mesh of teeth at all times.

For preparing successfully many kinds of fire clay, shale and slate used for pavmg brick,
amd for grinding burnt brick or pipe for grout, etc., dry or wet pans are a necessity. The wet
pans are particularly adapted for handling material in moist condition, while for use in dry pans
it should be practically dry, so that when ground, it will readily pass through the screen plate
without clogging.

Write for particulars on our “Divided Screen Plate” which will make a big saving of screen plates. There in no machine
required for the manufacture of any clay product which we do not build. Each machine is superior in it’s class and of our
standard quality.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

OLAY RECORD

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
PRESSURE.

40/ Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick

JOHN Cl BOSS OFFICE; MONGER BLDG. Elktldfty IVldidild

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

of Barytes

The only preventative for scum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the 8ulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

Twenty long
years of time and
weather have tried
out Ricketson’s Famous
Red Brick” Brand

..COLOR..

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

RICKETSON MINER4L PAINT WORKS
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

G. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

EASTON, PA.

BRICK AND MORTAR

COLORING

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

905 NPW VftDIf P O Bo)[

Pearl Street ▼▼ * VFK.IV 171a

Send for full descriptive
Circulars

New CLAY FEEDER ' -d MIXFRS f°r BrickJi,e a”d a"

- Clay Wor king Plants

Saves tin- labor of from 1 to 9 men In every factory, besides
mixintt aud feedlns: the clay evenly to the disintegrator
One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

sUMMITVILLK DRAIN TILK COMPANY

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

THIS wonderful
pump does the work
of two men, at a
small fraction of
their wages, and
without argument.

It will pay for it¬
self in a very short time Think of the sav¬
ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can efford
to be without the marvelous

Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Erlewine, Secy, and Treas.,

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana
Dear Sir:

Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst., will state that the type “C"
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is 'making good” in
every way and is all you claim for it.

Since installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less, thereby reducing our weekly pay-roll $20 00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10# decreased our power 10$, and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, you can easily see the great advantage we have
since installing the Feeder aud Mixer.

Very truly yours.

Summitville Drain- Tile Co., Per James F. Morris, Vice-Pres.

MARION MACHINE. FOUNDRY and SUPPLY CO ■ , Marlon. Ind.

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to do its best — it can’t do
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honesty, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. ( 21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

CLHY RECORD,

Fire Brick==Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

A A AAAA JW

SomethingTNew In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 1 4,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk. Va.

folk, Va. j.

vrv 'fev'-aA

Approved and Labeled

Fire! Fire!! Fire!!!

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
IBusiness, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

AMERICAN RING- HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30$ to 60$ less 3peed, and 25$ to 50$ less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL FORCE-

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving: Screens Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

.Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., . ST. LO\7I S, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 LaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Coles & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.

Eindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWERPIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

GLSY RECORD.

| REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thoroughly rebuilt. All

■ our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

■ ENGINES- Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42

Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

S E.NGINES-- Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, 14%x
m 16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13>^xl5 Taylor,

• 13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9„'4xl2 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

■ E.NGINES— Throttling — 18x24 Erie, 16x20 Chandler &

2 Taylor, 16x18 Erie, 14x24 Atlas, 13x16 Chandler & Tay¬

lor, 14x14 Lewis Vertical, 10x16 Owens, Lane & Dyer,

■ 10x12 Industrial, 9x12 Ajax, 8x12 Climax, 7x12 H. S.

2 & G., 6x8 Clark, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,

■ 48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

2 BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25. 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 h. p., etc.

2 BOILERS— Vertical— 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,

■ 5 and 3 h. p., etc.

2 HEATERS All sizes, open and closed.

• PUMPS All sizes, single and duplex.

• Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

■ etc. Write for list.

2 Also fu 1 assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated ‘‘Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

■ The Randle Machinery Co.

■ 1732 Powers Street Cirxcir**»»ti, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OP

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pans for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

Their Occurence, Properties and

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries, Ph. D.
Octavo, 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

Uses

jj Clay Record Publishing Co.,

* Chicago, Illinois

►

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 900-page book containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, I'roducer-
Oas for firing kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average of 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

Repair and Maintenance of Machinery By Thomas

_ - j W. Barber,

C. E. A handbook of practical notes and memoranda for
engineers and machinery users. 166 pages — 1 17 illustra¬
tions — 8vo, cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers Watso'n. A practical

instruction for young engineers and steam users. 125 pages
— illustrated— 16mo, cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

By Richard Addison Smart, M E. This book is a manual
for the use of students in experimental work, strength of
materials and hydraulics. It is also to guide engineers in
active service. 290 pages— 12mo, cloth . $2.50

P^lp^rpnilC Pprtlpntc By R- Redgrave, C. E. Their na-
uullidiCuUj uGlIIGillo ture, properties and use. The compo¬
sition and process of making Portland and other cements,
analysis and cost . $3.50

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete NewS

Asso. M. Inst. C. E. Especially written to assist those
engaged upon works. Contents: testing Portland, fine¬
ness and weight of cement, time required for setting,
proportions, mixing, table of strengths, concrete arches,
cement and lime mortars. 138 pages — '.2mo, cloth . $2.50

PnrilanH Ppmpnt By D- B- Butler, Asso. M. Inst. C. E. A
rui IldllU OGIIIGIIl complete treatise on the.manufacture, test¬
ing and use of Portland cement. Contains 360 pages, 85

illustrations, Svo, cloth bound. Price $6.00

in mines, quarries or tunnels. A.

W. & Z. W. Daw. A complete book
giving weight of blast, how, when and where to make it.

270 pages— 8vo, cloth . ... $6.00

^tPSITl RnilprQ By Jarnes Peattie. Their management and
uIGdlll DUIIGIo workings on land and sea— very complete.

230 pages — 12mo, cloth. . $2.00

The Blasting of Rock

Engineering, Practice and Theory f8y4

Price

$1.00

Arphifppiiirol Pnftoru Translated from the French. Bricks,

HI UlillGUIUI dl l UUCI y tiles, pipes, enameled terra cotta,
stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural stoneware.

In two parts. Svo, 198 illustrations. Price . $7.50

Nafpc nn Pfltfpru Thu The distribution, properties, uses
nuici Ull ruiiery b!dy and analysis of ball clays, china

clays and china stone. Crown— 8vo, 132 pages. Price . . . $1.50

Phpmicfru nf Pnffnrw By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of
UIIGIIIIoll y Ul lULiCiy the several natural and artificial het¬
erogeneous compounds used in the manufacturing of porce¬
lain, glass and pottery. 750 pages. Price . $5.00

The Pottery and Porcelain of the United States

By Edward Lee Barber. 200 illustrations. 8vo, gilt top $3.50

Silico-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffler. Treats on the formation of artificial
brick made from a mixture of lime and sand under the
influence of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufac¬
ture Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to de¬

tail, ground plans and sectional elevations. Price

$1.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 11 vols. Price, each $4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations ™ld S TU

and is most complete. Price . ... . . $1.00

History of the Clay Working Industry in the U. S.

By Heinrich Reis, Ph. D. and Henry Leighton. 270 pages,
well illustrated. Svo, cloth bound. Price

$2.50

Clays: Their Occurrence, Properties and Uses

clay, methods of mining and
pages, 65 figures, 44 plates. Price .

manufacture, etc. 490

$5.00

The Clay Workers’ Hand-Book

articles from clay.

A manual for all engaged
in the manfuacture of

Price

$2.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of price. Address orders to

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, U.S.A.

Why Not Discard
Out-of-Date Methods

and use some of the “Modern Methods” for
handling your clay?

You know, and I know, and everyone
else knows you can’t meet competition and
make money unless you absolutely eliminate
every bit of hand labor you possibly can All
of the progressive makers are putting in the
most modern systems of elevating and convey¬
ing machinery for handling their product. Take
for instance, the Purington folks at Galesburg
(one of the largest and most progressive con¬
cerns in this or any other country); they have
just installed a system of “S.-A ” Belt Con¬
veyors for handling and storing their clay.
They have used “S.-A.” Belt Conveyors for
years and know who makes the best.

Send for our catalog (672 pages) if you
want to learn how to lower the cost of produc¬
tion.

Stephens-Adamson Manufacturing Co.

AURORA, ILL.

Branch Offices

Chicago and New York City

OmjlIDC Perfected
oununo Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

A well-tried and
proven Success.

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

riBuilt Right,

STYLE

No.

Price Right,

Write Us

. only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping-. They Interlock. Light, Strong,
Rl^d- (Patented)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

3STH_.ES, OHIO

GLKY RECORD.

Paul PuchsII

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand-lime
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

The Thew Steam Shovels

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Cables used iistead of Chains.
Stricfly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

X.OB.AIN, OHIO

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel — Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

75 Cents vs. 15 Cents

The Diesener Clay Cleanser

Eliminates Limestone — or Pyrites Troubles

This machine takes out the objectionable matter without necessitating the

process of crushing

We wish to emphasize this particular feature of the Diesener Clay Cleanser — that it does not crush or pulverize the
pyrites or limestones and then mix the same into the clay. It takes them out without crushing or even without breaking.

Richard G. Hoffman

Sole Representative in the U. S. for Mr. H. Diesener, j 0 Til

Charlottenburg, Germany VjpI 111.

CLHV RECORD.

YARD SUPPLIES

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

COMPLETE
SATISFACTION
THROUGHOUT

MODEL SAND DRYER

GUARANTEE;

OUR

MACHINERY

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK
MOULDS
THAT
ARE
BUILT
FOR
HARD
USAGE
IS

THE

“MARTIN.”

TRY
ASET

OF ALL KINDS
BUILT

TRUCKS

WE BUILD DRY OR WET PANS 5-7 OR 9-FT. WRITE US.

“WE FURNISH
EVERYTHING
THE BRICK-
MAKER NEEDS”

STYLE HP” CRUSHER

STYLE “P" BRICK MACHINE

MARTIN

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A.

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

THE “MARTIN” CLAY¬
WORKING MACHINERY

$ {t)H<jO xjftid WO-fdoi tticJOKj $

THE

MARTIN STEAM
“DRYING SYSTEM

BRICK

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1906. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489
May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

:yjj

Sr WScH

» f SB

Jfv'? 2

Jffi ■■■

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

SUPERIOR IN EVERY RESPECT TO ANY OTHER SYSTEM— Labor Saving Throughout.
Dispenses with Truckers and car Pushers. Pallets Automatically Return to Brick
Machine. Quick to install and low in price, and takes up very little Yard room.

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MFG. CO., Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

^ Q 2j H <{ t> CD 4

Good News For Tile Men

The Big: Profits are in the Big: Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL MILL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

&/)Q

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

Greatly
Improved in
Strength and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick

Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

■V

THE D156EMINA
OF ALL MATTERS
• PERTAiHirtQ
TQ THE —

L/YY •

cP.

V)Cf

\9»9

& ]

NDUSTR^

The Humidity System of Drying .

The Sand-Lime Brick Convention at Buffalo.

A House of Brick ... ... . .

Report on the Growth of Gas-Producer Power Plants .

Preliminary Program Wisconsin Clay Manufacturers' Association ‘
New Ceramics Building at the University of Illinois
Preliminary Program of Illinois Clay Manufacturers*' Ass’n Me-timr
Boiler Explodes, Killing Two Men ... 8 '

New Inventions that are of Interest to the Clay Manufacturer

Pacific Coast News Items

Conventions . . . ' ’ ‘ ‘ '

Conditions of Clay Trade in Chicago ....

Obituary .... . ‘ .

Fires ... . _ .

Rai roads Lose to Brickmakers .

Accidents, Damages and Losses .

Courts Closed to Concerns not Licensed in Illinois
American Potters Like New Tariff
Akron Man Buys Cleveland Land fora Big Plant
Horseheadsand Elmira Brick Plants Consolidate
Good Brick Stree's Cost $550,000 .

.Sold 7.000.000 and Will Increase Capacity . . .

Unprecedented Business Causes Company to Enlarge
The Oudiu & Bergman Case Settled After 12 Years
Face Brick Men to Have a National Association
Victory for Ohio Courts Over Kansas Courts

Fuller & Johnson Receiving Many Compliments on Pumpine Outfit
New Jersey Brick Advanced $1.00 per Thousand . . P g
Brick Gaining in Popularity in Indianapolis
United States District Court Affirms Berks Referee
Calendars foi 1910 .

Sergeant Bluffs Enterprise Loses in Contests in Brick Rates ’

Will Lay Ten Million Brick . .

Pottery News Items . .

Pottery Combine Started and Elects Officers
Fire Brick Company Filling Big Orders .

Sand or Lime Brick or Block News .

Crooksville is Booming .... ’ ' ’ .

Miscellaneous Items . .

///"«

DAYTON Ofi/O U.S.A.

The purchase is complete — every brick machine, sander,
pug mill, disintegrator and all appurtenances will be manufac¬
tured at Dayton, Ohio.

New parts which may be from time to time required, will be
supplied by us.

We are now ready to fill your orders for any of the Ray¬
mond-Horton line.

THE C. W. RAYMOND COMPANY

DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A.

The Raymond-Horton

CL7W RECORD.

Silicate Brick Made by the “Division Method” Patented

THE PHILADELPHIA OPERA HOUSE

Built by Oscar Haminerstem and called the finest Opera House in the World. This beautiful building is
faced with over 600,000 of our WHIE SILICATE BRICK, made under our patented process. These bricks
were also used to line the wall at back of stage and also for the stairways.

I he building seats 4,100 people and measures 240 feet on Broad Street and 160 feet on Poplar Street.

How would you like to make Brick suitable for Facing Buildings like this and do it
cheaper than common brick can be made in any o! her way out of sand and lime?

We challenge any one to make as good a brick as we do by our process, and will allow him twice our cost.

The factory we built last year at Washington, D. C., is pronounced the most compact and cleanest
known, and the product the finest brick produced.

WE CAN DO AS WELL FOR YOU. ASK US ABOUT IT AND LET US SHOW YOU

International Sand-Lime Brick £> Machinery Company

Engineers and Contractors for Silicate Brick factories
90 WEST STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.

Announcement ! ! !

We have consolidated the business

of the

Scott Manufacturing Co.

of St. Louis, Mo., and Keokuk, Iowa

and

Madden & Co.

of Rushville, Ind.

and are now in position to furnish
everything the manufacturer of
Pressed Brick, Stiff Mud Brick,

Drain Tile or Soft Mud Brick de¬
sires.

We wish to thank the old custom¬
ers of both companies for their cor¬
dial support in the past, and feel that
we are now better prepared than
ever to serve them.

We will continue both our Keo¬
kuk and Rushville plants, and our
general sales office will be in St. Louis

Scott-Madden Iron Works Co.

1815 Third National Bank Building

ST. LOUIS, MO.

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two, Four and Six=M old Sizes

FOUR-MOLD SPECIAL

BRICK PLANTS designed and complete machinery equipment furnished.
More Boyd Presses in use than all other Press Brick Machines combined.

Chisholm, Boyd & White Company

Office and Works: 57th and Wallace Streets, CHICAGO, ILL

■

THE BOYD BRICK PRESS

Built in Two and Four- Mold Sizes

mim

r i \

1 >Y¥ •"

j|i8j

*' ;v

kl ■

'HP

9 * !

m ■

::;-t

S f®

* 1

FOUR -MOLD “ACME”

Detailed perfection, strength, endurance and quality of product have made
the Boyd, the Brick Press by which all others are judged.

Write for catalogue No. 20 containing suggestions concerning the equipment
of brick plants with complete plans.

CHISHOLn, BOYD & WHITE CO.

Office and Works: 57th and WALLACE STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

CLHY RECORD.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE

When You Learn of a Breakdown on the Yard, You may
be sure it is NOT the PRESS, if it is a WHITE

CHICAGO BRICK MACHINERY CO.

1308 GREAT NORTHERN BUILDING, CHICAGO

ALWAYS ON THE JOB

THE WHITE BRICK PRESS

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

manufacturers of

DRY PRESSES, PULVERIZERS, MIXERS, ETC.

The Fernholtz Brick Machinery Co.

BOYLE AND OLD MENCHESTER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

This Hand Press makes Brick equal in density to those made on a power press.
Every Brick PERFECT. Extensively used for ornamental and special design.

• V. ;

Wi 9il : N

fSliM

FOR

CLAY

AND

SHALE

BRICKS

FOR

CEMENT

AND

SAND-

LIME

BRICKS

CLKY RECORO-

WE BUILD

Sand-Lime Brick Plants, Shale and Clay Brick Plants

ARE ALSO SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF THE

Ross-Keller Triple Pressure Brick Press

The strongest and most efficient Brick
Machine made, and the only Press that
gives three distinct pressures to the brick

ROSS-KELtER TRIPLE PRESSURE BRICK MACHINE CO-

OFFICES FULLERTON BUILDING, ST. LOUIS, MO.

The

Indestructible
Pres*
with an
Irresistible
Pressure

Adopted and Pur¬
chased by the
United States Gov¬
ernment for use in
the Federal Prison
at Ft. Leaven¬
worth, Kansas.

“Freese” Brick Machines

We build these Machines in ten sizes — Capacities
to 15,000 brick per hour — also Pug Mills to suit.

Several hundred are in everyday use. They do
first-class work and are convenient, economical and
durable. This can be verified by investigation.

We also build the original “Union” Machines
with Pug Mills combined.

Don’t forget our Automatic Cutters. THEY
GIVE SATISFACTION

State your requirements and let us furnish
particulars.

L M. FREESE £• COMPANY

142 SOUTH STREET

GALION

OHIO

CLKY RECORD.

Built Entirely of Iron and Steel.

The only machine of this class
having Steel Gear and
Steel Shaft.

Built of the Best
Material by the Best
Workmen.

Simple, Strong and

BRICK MOULDS A SPECIALTY

QUALITY IS OUR AIM.

We manufacture a complete line of Brick Yard Supplies. Write for prices.

C. & A. POTTS & CO., Indianapolis, Ind.

Durable.

No extra pug mill required to enable working the clay direct from the bank. Its great
strength enables working the clay as stiff as practicable, insuring brick which will be

STRAIGHT and SQUARE.

THE LEADER OF ALL SAND MOULD MACHINES.

HORIZONTAL BR?c1TmACHINE

Compound Disintegrators and Crushers

As Manufactured by F*otts

Are the best and most complete machines. Where the
clay contains limestone, th * Disintegrator will separate the
large stones and the Crusher pulverize the small ones.

ROLLS THOROUGHLY
CHILLED

RING OILING BEARINGS
STEEL SHAFTS

HARD STEEL CUTTING
BARS ADJUSTA BLY
SECURED

'*****'.

Compound Disin teura t ttr arid Roll Crusher

These Machines are made only with RING OILING BEARINGS.

Potts Disintegrators will work the clay direct from the bank.
Will not choke or clog from hard, dry or wet, sticky clays.
The MOST GENERALLY USED Machine on the market.

! Built to Do the Work

Muu ufaotured by

C. & A. POTTS & COMPANY

INDIANAPOLIS, IND.

CLHV RECORD.

Chambers Brick Machinery

Strong, Heavy Machines with
Steel Pinions and Shafts; Stone
Extracting Crushers, Five Sizes
Disintegrators; Dry Pans; Single
and Double Shaft Mixers and Pug
Mills; New Pattern Clay Elevators.

Manufacturers of

THE KEYSTONE DOUBLE DISINTEGRATORS

For Grinding Tough Clays in which Small Stones may be Imbedded

Chambers Brothers Company

Philadelphia, Pa.

Chicago, 111.

v r

BRICK MACHINES

The Brewer No. 25

SOnE FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION

Gear frame cast in one piece. Knives forged from hard
high-carbon steel, each one independently adjustable
for pitch. Expressing screws and casings of white iron.
Bearings self=oiling. Back=thrust bearing self=oiling,
self=aligning independent and adjustable to take up
the wear of the expressing screw. Feed=roll keeps the
hopper clear. Mounted upon steel I-beams, self-con-
tained. Construction, high-grade throughout.

If Marked

Our catalog explains all about them and gives detailed specifications J _ _

H. Brewer Co. I

TECUMSEH, MICHIGAN

lt’» tiood

CLHY RECORD.

THE GUILDER ELEVATING AND
LOWERING BRICK CAR

And Turn Table Used witH Same

The most perfect car of the kind made. Easy to handle. Operated from either end. All iron and steel. Raised and lowered by

Worm Gear and Segment.

No Charge for
plans or for the
right to use this
system.

Pay only for
what you get
and nothing for
a piece of “Blue
Sky.”

THE STRONGEST, BEST TRANSFER CAR MADE
USED WITH THE GUILDER CAR

Write to the J. D. FATE CO., Plymouth, Ohio, about this system

Vol. XXXV. No. 12.

CHICAGO, DECEMBER 30, 1909

Semi-Monthly, 91.00 p*r T*»r
Single Copies, - 10 Cents

THE HUMIDITY SYSTEM OF DRYING*

By E. D. Gates, Seattle, Wash.

The desire to find a method of drying architectural terra
cotta more quickly, and at the same time more safely and
more economically, led the writer toward this subject some
eighteen months ago.

Ware which has been cracked in drying is seldom seen
around an aggressive clay plant, unless a sudden rush of
orders causes a shortening in the established period of dry¬
ing, in which case you are all no doubt familiar with the
sad results.

In the present quickening days of the clay industry we
are forced to continually increase the output of our plants,
and as few plants are so arranged that all departments have
the same output, the result is that one or more of the de¬
partments are compelled to rush the product through their
stage of production in order to keep pace with the remainder
of the plant. You can probably recall having seen this occur
many times in different plants.

In some cases this will be due to the limited kiln capacity,
in others it may be the machine or shop, while in still others
it may occur in the driers.

We all object to bringing our ware safely to the driers
and then have to remove a good proportion of it with shov¬
els — the loss is great. In the case of terra cotta the ware
at the drier door represents about 53% of the total cost.
If this is reduced to scrap the greater part is loss.

It so happened that the driers of our plant were too small
to give the ware the slow drying it required, and with a sud¬
den rush of work it became necessary for us to either in¬
crease the capacity of the coils which were already installed
or to add to them. The latter was not practical at that time
so another method had to be found.

Having always known that the pieces of terra cotta on
the coils began to dry on the corners and projecting parts
before the remainder of the piece was warm, unless these
corners were covered with paper or sacking, and knowing
that this resulted in unequal shrinkage with the attendant
cracking and warping, started me on a train of thought
which led to the following experiments and to this method
of treatment.

It seemed to me that the proper method of procedure
would be to heat up the whole piece of clay ware to the
temperature reached in drying before any drying could com¬
mence. The hygroscopic moisture, or water mixed with
day would then leave the whole piece of ware quite evenly
and from all portions at once, thus making it shrink in all

Hieadat the last meeting of the American Ceramic Society, which was held
at Rochester, N. Y.

parts at the same time and at the same rate, doing away
with cracking and warping and increasing the percentage of
good ware.

It also appeared that if this could be done the capacity of
the driers would be largely increased.

It was decided, after giving the matter careful thought,
that the best, if not only manner of accomplishing this,
would be by properly controlling the humidity of the air in
the driers until the pieces had become heated and then allow¬
ing actual drying to commence.

As worked out for commercial purposes this would consist
in introducing live steam into the driers, while the tempera¬
ture was being raised, care being taken to keep the per¬
centage of humidity so high that the air in the drier could
not take up any of the moisture that the ware contained.
The pieces of ware would therefore not be able to dry any
until humidity was allowed to drop. This condition would
he carefully avoided until the ware had reached the tem¬
perature of the drying chamber. This being accomplished,
the injection of steam could be stopped and air allowed to
pass through the steam coils and drier and carry off the
water contained in the pieces. The live steam injected
would aid in heating the drying chamber and so facilitate
the operation. It appeared that this method would permit
of holding our ware without the shrinking being allowed to
start, until it was thoroughly heated to the temperature
desired. Acting on this assumption, we equipped two driers
as follows :

Each drier contained three coils of about 400 lineal feet
of one-inch pipe each. Over each set of three coils we
erected boxes, the boxes being equipped with sliding doors
on the side for the purpose of loading and unloading the
coils. Suitable openings were provided at the top and bot¬
tom for the inlet and outlet of air, these openings being
arranged so that the amount of air could be controlled.

For jet pipes we used one-half inch steam pipe having a
hole one-eighth inch in size every foot, and when installing
these jet pipes we were careful to have all the holes in line.
These jet pipes were first installed near the top of the boxes
with the holes turned up. This was thought to be the
proper place for them owing to that being the hottest part
of the boxes and the air in that part being able to take up
the greatest amount of moisture. This location of the jet
pipes was subsequently changed and they were placed under
the coils near the floor. The change being made to over¬
come the dripping of water upon the ware from the roof
of the boxes, the steam condensing when it struck the com¬
paratively cold roof surface. This last location was found
to be much better as the pipes were not only out of the way

CLKY

RECORD.

but the steam could humidify the air as it passed up through
the coils and becoming heated was hungry for more mois¬
ture than it contained on entering.

When first tried, over a year ago, the operation was car¬
ried on in the following manner.

The coils were loaded with green ware, the doors closed
and the steam turned on the coils, gently at first. The
hygrometer was then consulted and the humidity kept as
near 90° as was possible. We found that oversaturation
would occur in parts of the drier if the humidity was al¬
lowed to run much over 8o°, so that was the percentage
adopted in practice. The attention of the operator was re¬
quired for a short time as the drying chambers raised in
temperature, the admission of steam being increased as was
necessary to hold the humidity near the allowed 8o° and
the steam on the coils being also increased.

In order that the heat of the coils could be accurately
controlled we finally arranged each two-inch pipe feeding
the coils, with a one-half inch pipe and valve for a bypass
by the two-inch valve. This was found to be a good arrange¬
ment, as it allows the steam to be controlled so that only
hot water can enter the coils when low heat is wanted, and
at the same time the valves are not cut out by the steam as
would be the case if they were only partly opened. In sev¬
eral hours, after the ware had become heated, it was our
practice to decrease the amount of steam injected and open
the upper and lower air holes and thus allow the drying to
start. The steam jet being left on a little as a precautionary
measure to avoid too rapid drying.

The necessity of crowding our driers having been over¬
come, the use of the system was discontinued for several
reasons. Prominent among them was the fact that I had
not been able to carry out the experiments necessary to
a proper understanding of the best manner and the time
required to get the maximum results from its use. These
experiments would of necessity, have to be carried out on
a small scale at first and the knowledge thus gained could
then be applied to the operation of the large driers and a
schedule worked up that would give the amount of steam
allowed on the coils, the humidity per cent, the regulation of
the valve controlling the jet and the length of time necessary
for each stage of the process, as well as the amount of air
to be admitted and passed through the driers after the heat¬
ing up was accomplished.

All the information, in fact, that would enable any intel¬
ligent man to successfully carry the ware through the dry¬
ing stage with safety and dispatch. The experiments given
later were performed with this end in view and to also de¬
termine how the system would act with other classes of
clay products to see if the method was adaptable to other
lines besides architectural terra cotta.

The small drying chamber, for these experiments, was
roughly built so as to make the conditions as similar as pos¬
sible to those met in actual practice. It was three feet long
by two feet wide and two feet high and had glass on the
front and back to enable us to read the thermometers and
properly observe the conditions and action of the piece of
clay ware to be dried. The box was equipped with a steam
coil consisting of 10 lineal feet of three quarter inch steam
pipe and a jet pipe made of one-half inch pipe with one-
eight inch holes. This jet pipe was laid on the bottom of
the box under the steam coils and the holes turned down¬
wards so that the steam would spread as much as possible
before rising and passing up through the coil.

In some of the experiments a hygrometer was used in
each end, while in others only one was used. However, in
all of them a thermometer was imbedded deeply in the clay
body so that its actual temperature could be known at all
times.

The experiments run were as given below :

No. 1. — Piece of terra cotta, on its back or bond with
slats running lengthwise; jet used.

No. 2. — Piece of terra cotta, on bond; slats crosswise;
jet used.

No. 3. — Piece of terra cotta, on bond on a board having
holes; using the jet.

No. 4. — Piece of terra cotta, on bond, on board without
holes ; using the jet.

No. 5. — Piece of terra cotta, on bond, on slats length¬
wise; without using the jet.

No. 6. — Solid fireclay block, on slats lengthwise; using
the jet.

No. 7. — Same as No. 6, but allowing more time to heat
the block.

No. 8. — Shale body, about brick size, on slats lengthwise;
using the jet.

No. 9. — Fireclay mixture containing grog, on slats; using
the jet.

Also a cube of terra cotta body in the box at the same
time.

The data kept consisted of the time of day, the time in
minutes from the start, the temperatures of the wet bulb
and the dry bulb thermometers, the per cent of humidity,
the number of degrees Fahrenheit raised in each 15 min¬
utes, the condition of the piece, the temperature of the piece
as indicated by the thermometer imbedded in it, the shrink¬
age, the condition of the jet and any remarks. We also de¬
termined the water content of some of the pieces and care
was used to see that all the samples of terra cotta contained
approximately the same amount. They were all taken just
after being removed from the mould and were quite wet.

The bodies experimented on were all such as required a
good deal of care in drying. The large blocks were made
of a body which is particularly difficult to bring through
the drying without cracking. The results of the experi¬
ments and the manner of running them which follow are
greatly condensed, only the important facts being given, so
that the conclusion reached may be seen.

You will note that we succeeded in raising the tempera¬
ture of brick about one degree every two minutes, on the
average, while in most cases in the early part of the treat¬
ment we could raise it a degree a minute without cracking
them.

Experiment No. 1; using the jet.

Piece of terra cotta, 1 foot, 6 inches long, 10 inches wide
and 8 inches high, set on its hollow or bond side on slats
running lengthwise and using the jet to control humidity.
The piece was quite wet having been out of the mould only
a short time.

Started at 10:30 A. M., and finished at 8 A. M., the next
morning.

The temperature of the drying chamber at the start was
66° on both the wet and dry bulb thermometers. This tem¬
perature was raised to 1120 in one hour and held there.
The initial temperature of the piece was 62°, and it was
raised to 48 degrees to 1 10° in one hour and forty minutes,
the average raise being .48° per minute.

The clay body was dried, without cracking, in 19 hours
and 45 minutes after turning the jet off, making a total
time of 21 hours and thirty minutes to get a shrinkage of
q-i6ths inch per foot. The piece was perfectly true in shape
when dried.

Experiment No. 2; using the jet.

Piece of terra cotta, same in size as that used in No. 1,
was placed on the bond on slats running crosswise. This
piece was quite soft.

The chamber thermometers showed 740 on the wet bulb
and 88° on the dry bulb at the start. This was raised to
1240 in 2 hours and 15 minutes and held at that point. The
thermometer in the body showed that it had an initial tern-

CLAY RECORD.

perature of 62°, which was raised 50 degrees to 1120 in 2
hours and 15 minutes, the average raise being .37 degrees
per minute.

The total shrinkage was 9-i6th inch per foot but the piece
was cracked through the center vertically, due it seems to
the slats under the piece running across the direction of
greatest shrinkage and the body not crawling as easily as
it would if the slats were arranged as in the first experi¬
ment.

Experiment No. 3; using the jet.

Piece of terra cotta, same as in Nos. 1 and 2, and set on a
regular board having one inch holes bored through it to
allow the air and heat to get at the inside of the piece.

At the start the hygrometer registered 70° on the wet
bulb and 90° on the dry bulb. This was raised to 1250 in
two hours and 15 minutes. The temperature of the body
at the start was 62° and was raised 46 degrees to 108° in
3 hours and 5 minutes, an average raise of .24 degrees per
minute.

The piece was dry in 22 hours and 45 minutes from the
time of placing in the box and was perfectly true and was
without cracks. The total shrinkage was 9-i6ths inch to the
foot.

Experiment No. 4; using the jet.

Piece of terra cotta, same size and shape as before, on
bond on board without holes in it. The piece was therefore
protected from the circulating air on the bottom side, and
the ends and sides and the top were exposed.

The temperature of the box was 67° on the wet bulb and
84° on the dry bulb at the start. The dry bulb temperature
was raised 1 19 degrees in 5 hours and held at that point. The
temperature of the piece was 6o° at the start, and was raised
31 degrees in 6 hours and 15 minutes to a temperature of
91 °. The jet was then shut off and the steam coil kept on.
In 23 hours and 30 minutes the temperature of the piece
was 940 and the shrinkage one-half inch in one foot.

At the end of 30 hours from the time the piece was put
in the drier it was thoroughly dry and had shrunk 9~i6ths
inch in one foot. The piece was in perfect condition as
to cracks and trueness of lines.

Experiment No. 5.

This piece was dried without using the jet.

The piece of terra cotta was the same in size and shape
as those used in the previous experiments and was placed on
the bond on slats running lengthwise, the conditions being
as near like those in Experiment No. 1 as could be obtained.
The object being to illustrate the difference in the drying
time under the two systems.

The hygrometer at the start registered 68° on the wet
bulb and 84° on the dry bulb and the temperature was raised
1080 in 7 hours and held at that point. In experiment No.
1 the box temperature was raised to 1120 in one hour.

The initial temperature of the piece was 520, this was
raised to 1 140 in 23 hours and 30 minutes and the piece was
fairly dry at that time. If was, however, cracked in five
places and was unfit for use.

Experiment No. 6; using jet.

Piece of body which is very difficult to dry. Size, ly1/*
inches long, ioj4 inches high and io*4 inches wide in a
solid block of clay.

The temperature of the box was 65° on the wet bulb and
78° on the dry bulb at the start. This was raised to 1120
in 3 hours from the time of starting.

The piece was 420 at the start and was raised 44 degrees
to 86° in 5 hours and 45 minutes, an average raise of 127
degrees per minute. At this point the jet was shut off and air
allowed to pass through the drier and at the end of 19 hours
the, piece had risen to 920. Badly cracked, so the following
experiment was tried.

Experiment No. 7; using the jet. Same size and kind
of piece as that in preceding experiment.

The box at the start was 510 on the wet bulb and 6o°
on the dry bulb and the temperature was raised to 164°
in 7 hours and 15 minutes.

The piece was raised from 36° at the start, to 1170 in 9
hours. The raise being 81 degrees or an average of .15 de¬
gree per minute. The piece at this time had begun to show
cracks which must have been due to expansion as there has
been no shrinkage in the body. The jet was then shut nearly
off and the temperature kept on until a total time of 26 hours
has passed. At the end of this time this piece had shrunk
9~i6ths inch in one foot and was badly cracked.

Experiment No. 8; using jet.

The body tried was a very stiff shale body, 6 inches by
4 inches by 3 inches in size.

The box at the start showed 76° on the wet bulb and 87°
on the dry bulb and the temperature was raised to 146° in
2 hours and 15 minutes.

The piece was 53 0 in temperature at the start and this
was raised 67 degrees to 120° in 2 hours and 15 minutes,
the average raise being nearly .5 degree per minute.

The temperature of the piece had dropped to 104° in 18
hours and 30 minutes and it was dry, with a shrinkage of
24 inch to one foot.

The piece showed some fine cracks in the top.

A solid block of the terra cotta body, about 6 inches by 6
inches by 6 inches in size was put in the drying chamber with
the shale body but no temperature readings were kept of
it. At the end of the i8^4 hours it was dry and in good
condition.

Experiment No. 9; using jet.

This body was a fire clay mixture containing 20 % grog,
and was a brick in size.

The chamber temperature was 82° on the wet bulb and
1060 on the dry bulb at the start; it was raised to 148° in
one hour.

The temperature of the brick was 6o° at the start and
it was raised 60 degrees to 120° in 1 hour and 15 minutes
without shrinkage. The jet? was then shut completely off
and the piece allowed to dry. At the end of 6 hours and 45
minutes it was down to 108° and had shrunk 3~i6ths inch
in 6 inches or 24 inch to one foot. It was nearly dry and
had not been cracked.

The conclusions drawn from these experiments and from
the use of this method in the large driers, are as follows :

(a) That a clay body can be heated up more quickly
and safely in the presence of high humidity than is possible
when low humidity is kept.

This is shown clearly by a comparison of Nos. 1 and 5.

(b) That a clay body can be raised to a higher tempera¬
ture in high humidity atmosphere than in low humidity.

(d) That the time of drying can be shortened consider¬
ably by this method.

No. 1 was dried in 2il/2 hours, by using the jet, and
without cracking the piece, while No. 5 was given 2 hours
more, without jet, and was badly cracked.

(e) That drying can be controlled and started or stopped
at any temperature by regulating the humidity of the air in
the drying chamber.

(f) These experiments also show that some bodies will
expand and crack from that cause if heated too rapidly.
The clay in question will crack on the brick cars before be¬
ing run into the tunnels.

It also appears that the body is more quickly, safely and
easily heated if the water content is large than will be the
case if the clay is rather stiff. This also aids in shorten¬
ing the time of production.

GLHV

THE SAND-LIME BRICK CONVENTION
AT BUFFALO

The sixth annual convention of the National Association
of Manufacturers of Sand-Lime Products was held in the
Hotel Statler at Buffalo, New York, December 6th and 7th,
with thirty-four representatives of the industry in atten¬
dance. So far as numbers were concerned it was no better
than previous meetings but the personnel was representa¬
tive of the industry from all parts of America, including
Canada.

The entire membership are alert to the possibilities now
before the organization, with the accumulated information,
materials and records of co-operative effort in the work of
the association in the past.

President S. O. Goho of Waltonville, Pennsylvania,
sounded the keynote in his annual address and each sugges¬
tion was worked out by committees and adopted into the
future policy of the association.

PRESIDENT GOHO'S ANNUAL ADDRESS

The manufacturers of sand-lime products have every rea¬
son to congratulate themselves upon the prosperous condi¬
tion of the industry in which they are engaged.

The product of our plants is better than ever before and
there is a rapidly growing appreciation of the merits of the
product on the part of the architects and builders.

Intrinsic merit and good business management have been
important factors in bringing success, but neither of these
could have availed in the face of an unfavorable rating upon
sand-lime brick, and it was this association that made the
fight against such unfavorable rating and won out.

When this association was called together for the first
time for mutual advice} and encouragement, there was no
clearly expressed purpose of forming a permanent body.
From this fact has arisen some weakness that should be
corrected at this time.

The constitution and by-laws should be carefully gone
over, with a view to revision, or possibly to the making of
new ones, and your president suggests that a committee be
appointed for this purpose, asking them to report at the
business meeting tomorrow morning.

The only expenses which the association in the beginning
expected were those incident to the conduct of the office
of secretary and those arising from the publication of the
annual report of proceedings, and financial provisions were
made accordingly.

A little more than two years ago, unexpectedly, an un¬
favorable insurance rating was made upon sand-lime brick.
Had that rating been permitted to stand, it would eventu¬
ally have closed every sand-lime plant in this country, and
had a most disastrous reaction upon the plants in the Do¬
minion of Canada.

This association took up the matter with the National
Board of Fire Underwriters. Meetings were had with their
representatives, tests were suggested, and finally made in
the laboratories of the Fire Underwriters by the Under¬
writers and your committee, with Drs. Woolson and Lazelle
as advisory. The result of the tests was a vindication of
our products. Considering the magnitude of the interests
involved, the cost of this work was trifling. None the less,
it was far beyond the resources of this association. Com¬
mon honesty and good business sense dictated that these
bills should be met as promptly as possible.

With the exception of bills owing members of this asso¬
ciation for expenses in attending the meetings with the
representatives of the Board of Fire Underwriters, and the
salary due the secretary, we are out of debt. In the mean¬
time we have not been able to publish our report of pro¬
ceedings, and this may have cost us some memberships.
Your president suggests that a committee be appointed to
report tomorrow morning upon our finances, the outstand¬

ing bills, and at the same time upon the ways and means,
if such there be, for publishing the proceedings of the
meetings at Columbus, Washington and Buffalo. It should
be proper for this committee to take up and report upon
any phase of these questions that may seem advisable.
Should the reports of these years be published separately
or as a single volume? Should the reports be published
verbatim or with repeated matter eliminated? When pub¬
lished should their circulation be limited to the membership
of this body? If publication in full be impracticable at this
time, are we in position to publish as bulletins articles of
technical value? This question of how far we shall extend
the benefits of this association to those outside leads me to
speak of certain changes that your executive committee has
seen it wise to make at this meeting. Registration consists
as much in paying dues as in any other one feature. There
nas been trouble in the past because the association never
knew what it had to use in keeping house.

With the fees collected before debts are incurred we
know just what we dare spend to prevent a deficit. Those
who are not members of this association, as shown by the
books of the treasurer, are not to have the privileges of
this floor. Those of you who are familiar with the trade
associations in other lines know that their meetings are in¬
variably in executive session.

This is not wholly nor even largely for financial reasons.
It is right and proper that we should know exactly what
we have to rely upon in our treasury. The only way to
bring this about is to insist upon the payment of dues previ¬
ous to admission to our meetings.

Beyond this, if you will look over the proceedings of the
meetings held in other years, you will find that a great deal
of the time of this association was taken up by persons who
asked information of every sort, persons who took the floor
repeatedly, but persons whose names do not figure on the
books of the treasurer. An additional reason is to be found
in the nature of our discussions. The perfect building ma¬
terial has not yet been found. At our sittings we have
been very frank in talking about the difficulties we have met.
weaknesses that have developed and how to remedy them,
the cost of production and selling prices, and a variety of
other things best discussed in executive session, that garbled
and distorted versions of our statements may not be used to
our disadvantage.

Our meetings are valuable, our time is valuable, the re¬
sults of our experience are valuable, and those who want to
share in the benefits of this body should be ready to step up
and see the secretary and treasurer in an official way.

Your president suggests that a fifth member should be
added to the executive committee, who shall represent our
Canadian membership and do what he can to bring all of
the sand-lime plants in the Dominion into affiliation with us.

John L. Jackson of Saginaw, Michigan, read a paper on
“What the Association has Accomplished for the Tangible
Use of its Members.” The paper was carefully prepared
and gave in brief the labors and achievements of the organ¬
ization in the past. The improvements in the process of
manufacture that the association had worked out, the im¬
provement in the machinery and the great improvement in
the product of the plants when the owners had identified
themselves with the association, and the standardization of
the product which makes it more valuable for the association
and builder.

I. S. Palmer, Sebewaing, Michigan, read a paper on
“What the Association May Do for the Industry it Repre¬
sents.” He suggested among other things, the appointment
of a publicity and promotion committee which was adopted
and he was elected chairman.

The “Essential of Success in the Manufacture of Sand-
Lime Brick,” was very ably handled by W. H. Crume of

Dayton, Ohio. The paper was devoted to the practical
workings of the establishment and the organization of the
economics which make it possible to manufacture sand-lime
brick with profits to the manufacturer.

W. E. Plummer, Jr., of Buffalo, New York, read a paper
on “One of the Successful Ways of Preparing Coarse Ma¬
terial.” He described a wet pan grinder system which had
given great satisfaction and which was so interesting to the
manufacturers that they were invited to visit the plant at
Lancaster, a short distance from Buffalo, and personally in¬
spect the machine in operation.

“The Future of this Association,” by H. O. Duerr of Wil¬
mington, Delaware, outlined a working policy for the asso¬
ciation. He was a former president and secretary of the
association and knows the requirements as well as any mem¬
ber in it, and one of the first in this country to manufacture
sand-lime brick.

The report of the secretary showed that the membership
had been well kept up and that the only disturbing factor
was the lack of published information of the workings of
the association.

The report of the treasurer showed a balance in the treas¬
ury after all the debts of the association had been settled in¬
cluding the technical services and for the comparative tests,
etc.

The committee on constitution and by-laws consists of
H. B. Skeele, Savannah, Georgia; E. P. Bacon. Bridgeport,
New Jersey; and F. K. Irvine, Chicago, Illinois. The re¬
port was presented by Mr. Skeele. It recommended the
change of name of the association to the American Asso¬
ciation of Manufacturers of Sand-Lime Products, with the
explanation that this was necessary in order to give the
Canadian members actual recognition in the name of the
body.

As per the president’s suggestion the admission fee of the
association was raised from $10.00 to $25.00 and the annual
dues were raised from $10.00 to $15.00. These changes
were explained in the first instance as being equitable
to the faithful membership who have steadily contributed
to the expensive technical research and to costly committee
services, and in the matter of dues it was found in view of
the fact that the membership desired to have reports of con¬
ventions and meetings published together with bulletins and
official circulars from time to time, that the additional dues
would be necessary to cover the expenses. A provision was
inserted to provide for the removal of such members who
might refuse to co-operate with the work of the association,
or use every reasonable endeavor to keep their product in
line with the standard specifications which have been
adopted by the association for the product when made by the
members of the association. It was explained that these
specifications were easily within the reach of any manufac¬
turer who is determined to live up to the ideals of the asso¬
ciation. This entire report was unanimously adopted and
becomes incorporated as a part of the constitution of the
association to more fully describe its policy in the future.

The committee on ways and means composed of Messrs.
W. K. Squier, Syracuse, New York; John L. Jackson, Sag¬
inaw, Michigan ; and Anton Berg, Toronto, Ontario, pro¬
vided for the payment of current bills, and also for the pub¬
lication of abridged reoorts of the three conventions of
the association which have up to this time remained unpub¬
lished, and for such other financial matters as the work of
the association demands.

An auditing committee consisting of L. W. Penfield, Wil¬
loughby; O. W. Godart, Minneapolis; and John E. Ericson,
Waltonsville, Pennsylvania, adjusted the accounts of the
secretary and treasurer and reported that they were correct.

Two standing committees were appointed. A committee
on promotion and publicity, consisting of J. S. Palmer, Sebe-

waing, Michigan; F. K. Irvine, Chicago, Illinois; H. O.
Duerr, Wilmington, Delaware; and John L. Jackson, Sag¬
inaw, Michigan. ! his committee, with the co-operation
of the members of the association, will furnish mat¬
ter to trade journals during the coming year. They will
consider and review matters relating to the promotion of
the interest in sand-lime products with architects and build¬
ers directly within the shipping limits of the plants now op¬
erated by members of the association and to the general
public as well. This important committee is made up of
workers and they will doubtless in the coming year produce
many things of interest and profit to the makers of sand-lime
brick.

The committee on standardization, consisting of district
executives, is as follow's : Messrs. E. M. Loewenthal Rocka-
way, New York; H. B. Skeele, Savannah, Georgia; L W
Penfield, Willoughby, Ohio; W. Godart, Minneapolis, Min¬
nesota; and F. B. Allan, Toronto, Ontario. The duty of this
committee will be to examine the products and assist the
vai ious members of the association in securing and main¬
taining the standard specifications in the product that they
turn out. With this committee every member of the asso¬
ciation will be intimately connected for the reason that
every member who is not now making standard brick will
be expected to do so, by the time of the next annual con¬
vention.

The following officers were elected for the year :

President, S. O. Goho, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ; vice-
president, Wm. D. Schultz, Brantford, Ontario; secretary,
b. K. Irvine, Chicago, Illinois; treasurer, W. E. Plummer.
Jr., Buffalo, New York; executive committee: eastern dis¬
trict, E. M. Loewenthal, Rockaway, New Jersey; southern
district, H. B. Skeele, Savannah, Georgia; central district,
L. W. Penfield, Willoughby, Ohio; western district, Walter
Godart, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Canadian district, F. B.
Allan. Toronto, Ontario.

The members in attendance were : S. O. Goho, Allen G.
Walton, R. J. Walton, Jr., and John E. Ericson, Hummers-
town Brownstone Company, Waltonville, Pennsylvania; I.
S. Palmer, Sebewaing Sandstone Brick Company, Sebe-
waing, Michigan; Raleigh W. Holden, Rochester Composite
Brick Company, Rochester, New York; John L. lackson,
Saginaw Sandstone Brick Company, Saginaw, Michigan;
W. H. Crume, Crume Brick Company, Dayton, Ohio ; E. M.
Loewenthal, Rockaway Brick Company, Rockaway, New
Jersey; E. P. Bacon, Penbryn Brick Company, Bridgeton.
New Jersey; Oscar Gross, Sioux Falls Pressed Brick Com¬
pany, . Sioux Falls, South Dakota ; F. B. Allen and I. O.
Mercier, Toronto Indestructible Brick Company, Toronto,
Ontario ; Walter Godart, Belt Line Brick Company, Minne¬
apolis, Minnesota; John Heimlech, LeRoy Lime Works, Le-
Roy, New York; W. J. Carmichael and L. W. Penfield,
American Clay Machinery Company, Willoughby, Ohio;
W. R. Strong, Montana Granite Brick Company, Helena,
Montana; Anton Berg, The Berg Machinery Manufacturing
Company, Limited, Toronto, Ontario; R. F. Kremheder,
W. E. Plummer and F. Harsenlopp, Buffalo Sandstone
Brick Company, Buffalo, New York ; H. O. Duerr, Wawas-
set Stone Company, Wilmington, Delaware; W. K. Squier,
The Paragon Plaster Company, Syracuse, New York; H.

B. Skeele, Savannah Brick Works, Savannah, Georgia ; S.
G. Marling, Silica Brick & Lime Company, Limited, Vic-
toiia, British Columbia; H. C. Shields, Lehigh Car Wheel
& Axle Company, Catasaqua, Pennsylvania; G. W. Mitman,

C. K. Williams & Company, Easton, Pennsylvania ; W. D.
Schultz. Schultz Brothers, Brantford, Ontario ; Louis Buch-
heit, Mitchell Lime Company, Mitchell, Indiana : Albert T.
Leach and H. D. de Jonannis, Chicago; F. K. Irvine, secre¬
tary, Chicago ; E. M. Updike, reporter, Chicago.

CLAY RECORD.

A HOUSE OF BRICK

Experience has shown that however meritorious an article
may be the public must be constantly reminded of that merit
or they forget and give their patronage to the article which
is brought most frequently to their attention. This is not
only sound business logic but it is based on the very founda¬
tions of human nature. You must recognize its truth.

They must be told — reminded again and again.

When they have been told, every brickmaker will get more
business.

Because a larger proportion of new buildings will be built
of brick.

The surest way to get attention — to arouse interest in
brick — is to show people how to use brick. That means de-

Competition fop the Brick Hou.se

People have an idea that wood is cheap. signs, plans, suggestions.

They think that brick is expensive. Following these well known principles, your executive

Both of these ideas are wrong. committee offered through The Brick Builder cash prizes

They do not realize that brick is the most perfect building amounting to $1,000 for the best designs, submitted in corn-
material in the world and that, in the long run, it is also the petition, of a brick house to cost $10,000. This seemed to be
most economical. the best all around plan with which to commence the practical

CL7W RECORD.

work of this association. The amount offered in prizes was
large enough to command the attention of architects, while
the limit set for the cost of the house was modest enough to
interest thousands of prospective home-builders.

As a result of the competition, 145 sets of drawings were
received (each set consisting of two large sheets, showing
plans, elevations, perspectives, details, etc.) from representa¬
tives of the best known architectural firms of the country.

If we did nothing more this year, that alone, would justify
our existence.

The Association now has in its possession the finest set of
designs for brick houses, ranging in cost from $10,000 to

low these designs to lie idle ? Or shall they be put before the
people where they will bring a great harvest to the brick-
makers ? There is only one answer to such a question — the
designs must be published.

But your committee needs money. To publish the first
edition of 3,000 copies will require (including the cost of
plates, which can be used for subsequent editions) at least
$1,000; we have on hand less than $700.

We appeal therefore:

To members who for various reasons have not paid up —
Please pay now.

To those who have lagged behind through lack of confi-

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$12,000 and up, that has ever been assembled — designs
which could not have been obtained by ordinary methods
for twenty times what they have cost.

The competition was judged and the prizes awarded by a
group of architects whose reputation is national, and who
gave of their time and talents without remuneration. The
services they rendered set the seal of high standing and real
value upon the whole program, showing anew the class which
lend aid and support to this movement if the brickmakers
will only help themselves in the battle for the supremacy of
brick.

What shall be done with the fruits of this splendid com¬
petition? Having secured the best means for awakening the
people to the desirability of brick construction, shall we al-

dence in the project — Join the association now and send your
check to cover dues.

To every brickmaker and brick-dealer — Send your check
at once for as many copies of the new book A House of
Brick as you can distribute to your trade.

The price of the book has been set at 50 cents per copy
(so stated in the book). A special net price of 25 cents per
copy will be made to paid-up members of the Association.
The book will be ready for distribution about January 10,
1910. You can sell this book or give it away as you see fit.

The book will be about 9 by 12 inches and will contain 72
pages, 52 of which will be devoted to the presentation of
plans and pictures of beautiful brick houses.

Articles by well-known architectural writers will give
power, dignity and value to the whole work. A special
chapter by a competent authority will fully discuss the rela¬
tive costs of wood, concrete and brick constructions, and
will show the economy and superiority of brick.

Here is a work which will be sought after by every home¬
builder in your territory. It will increase your sales because
the designs are compelling in their beauty and show effects
that no other material can produce. The points of desira¬
bility, cost, etc., etc., will be equally convincing to builders
of factories, business blocks, apartments, etc.

For every face brick it sells it will sell three common brick.
There is no brickmaker, however prominent or however
obscure, who cannot use this book to help build up his busi¬
ness.

We solicit your co-operation in a work which is meant to
help you. We need your order for A House of Brick.
You should join this Association at once if you desire to do
for your business the maximum of good at a minimum of
cost.

The architects have been aroused. For a small sum you
can possess the weapon to wake up the public.

Please send in your orders promptly.

CLAY PRODUCTS ASS’N OF AMERICA.

Per Executive Committee.

Room 1614, Flatiron Bldg., New York, N. Y., Decem¬
ber 10, 1909.

■ - » ♦ « -

REPORTON THE GROWTH OF GAS-PRODUCER

POWER PLANTS

By the United States Geological Survey

More than 500 producer-gas power plants, ranging in
size from 15 to 6,000 horsepower, are now in operation in
the United States. About 88 per cent of these plants are run¬
ning on anthracite coal, a few on anthracite or coke, and
the remainder on bituminous coal and lignite. In a bulle¬
tin on the recent development of the gas-producer power
plant in the United, States (Bulletin 416), just issued by
the United States Geological Survey, R. FI. Fernald, consult¬
ing engineer, states that the internal-combustion engine has
already become a serious rival of the steam engine in many
of its applications, and that the development of the large
gas engine within the last few years has been extremely
rapid. Only nine years ago a 6oo-horsepower engine ex¬
hibited at the Paris Exposition was regarded as a wonder,
but today four-cycle, twin-tandem, double-acting engines of
2,000 to 3,500 horsepower can be found in nearly all well-
equipped steel plants, and some plants in this country con¬
tain several units rated at 5,400 horsepower each.

RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAS ENGINE

This rapid advancement of the large gas engine was made
possible by improvements in the production of cheap gas
directly from fuel by means of the gas producer. A few
scattered producer-gas plants were installed for power pro¬
duction in the United States before 1900, but the application
of engines of this type to the production of power in any
general sense has been developed since that date. During
the first few years of this period of development anthracite
coal, coke and charcoal were used almost exclusively. It
remained for the United States Geological Survey, in its
testing plants at St. Louis and Norfolk, to demonstrate the
possibility of using in such plants practically all grades of
fuel of any commercial value, without reference to the
amount of sulphur or tarry matter they contain.

TESTS MADE BY THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The tests made by the Survey, 168 in all, included 138 on
bituminous coals, 9 on subbituminous coals, 10 on lignite,
and 11 on miscellaneous fuel. The average consumption of

fuel for a brake-horsepower hour was 1.36 pounds of bitu¬
minous coal, or 1.99 pounds of lignitic coal, the minimum
consumption being 0.84 pound and 1.48 pounds, respectively.
Comparative tests of 75 bituminous coals under a water-tube
boiler and in the gas producer showed that the average fuel
consumption per brake-horsepower in the steam plant was
2.7 times that in the producer plant. Several low-grade coals
and lignites that were of little value, or even worthless, under
the steam boiler gave excellent results in the producer. Other
low-grade fuels — such as roof slabs, culm, and washery
refuse, and even a bone coal that contained 44 per cent of
ash — have been used to advantage in the producer under
proper commercial conditions.

PRESENT STATUS OF PRODUCER-GAS PLANTS

Professor Fernald solicited the views of the principal man¬
ufacturers of gas producers on the present status of the gas
producer as a source of power, with particular reference to
the special conditions that oppose or make for its introduc¬
tion. In addition, he or his assistant, C. D. Smith, personally
visited 69 different plants that furnish power for a great
variety of purposes, to determine the economy and reliability
of the plants under average conditions. After this inspection
Professor Fernald decided :

( 1 ) That the plants as a whole are giving remarkable sat¬
isfaction in view of the brief period of development.

(2) That the most serious dilhculty seems to arise from
the lack of competent operators to run the plants, though
there are many more competent operators today than three
years ago.

(3) That the situation regarding misrepresentations and
misunderstandings resulting from incompetent salesmen has
with the stronger companies greatly improved.

(4) That the situation regarding trouble due to manufac¬
turers neglecting plants that have been installed and paid for
has changed decidedly for the better within the last few
years.

The bulletin, which contains charts showing the growth of
producer-gas plants and the location of the plants now in
operation, may be had free of cost by applying to the Di¬
rector, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM WISCONSIN CLAY
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

The tenth annual meeting of the Wisconsin Clay Manu¬
facturers Association will be held in Milwaukee, February
23rd, 24th and 25th. Headquarters at the St. Charles
Hotel.

The following is the preliminarv program :

1. — The Wisconsin Market for Brick and Clay Products.

2. — The Function of Lime in Clays. (Illustrated.)

3. — The Combustion of Fuel and the Application of Heat
in Kilns.

4. — The Strength of Clay Products. (Illustrated.)

5. — The Great Importance of Tile Drainage in Wisconsin.

6. — Railway Rates and their Influence on the Clay Indus¬
tries of Wisconsin.

7. — Some Factors Determining the Manufacture of Brick
by the Soft-Mud Process.

8. — The Manufacture of Brick and Tile by the Stiff-Mud

Process.

9. — The Need of Mutual Fire Insurance among the
Brick Manufacturers.

!G. — Publicity and the Clay Industries.
ti. — Benefits of the State Association.

CLAY RECORD

NEW CERAMICS BUILDING AT UNIVERSITY

OF ILLINOIS

On November 22d, ground was broken for a Ceramics
building at the University of Illinois.

Although the school has been in operation for four years,
it has never had a home, but has been compelled to do its
work in basement rooms of the Natural History, Law, and
Chemistry buildings. These rooms, besides being poorly
lighted, and scattered over a space equal to two city blocks,
were not large enough to afford reasonable accommodations
for more than thirty students, and, consequently, those in
charge of the work have made no effort to secure a larger
attendance for the last two years. If the department had
been properly house, the present enrollment could easily have
been doubled.

In 1907, and again in 1909, an appropriation for a suit¬
able building was asked of the legislature, but both requests
were denied. However, as the appropriation of 1909 added
ten thousand dollars to the maintenance fund, after con¬
sultation with the authorities of the University and the mem¬
bers of the Advisory Board of Clay Workers, it seemed best
to devote this sum to starting a building. The most feasible
plan seemed to be to erect the rear part (kitchen, etc.) of the
proposed building, as, in that case, but little money would
have to be expended for architectural effect.

In pursuance of this idea, plans were prepared, the con¬
tract let, and work begun November 22d, as stated above.

The building, as planned, is a fire resistent brick structure,
two stories and basement, with stone trimmings and slate
roof. It has a floor area of 6,500 square feet, and will, for
the present, be divided, in part by temporary partitions, into
a machine room, 18 by 29 feet; a rough grinding room, 17
by 29 feet; a general laboratory, 36 by 29 feet; a plaster
room, 18 by 20 feet ; a pottery room, 20 by 23 feet ; a draft¬
ing room, 18 by 29 feet; a library, 18 by 23 feet; a chemical
laboratory for research work ; two recitation rooms, and two
offices ; besides toilet, store, and locker rooms, and will be
supplied with water, gas, electric currents of high and low
voltage, high pressure steam, compressed air and vacuum.
In addition to this, the kiln house, which is adjacent to this
building, has two large coke fired kilns, one oil kiln, and two
high temperature gas kilns.

It would have been impossible to erect so large a structure
and one so well adapted to its uses for the sum named, had
not the University authorities dealth generously by the de¬
partment in assigning a favorable location where cost of
construction will be reasonably low, and in supplying many
small items, which aggregate a considerable sum, without
cost to the department.

This building will afford reasonable accommodation for
forty to fifty students and the various rooms will be supplied
with the apparatus necessary for effective work in all lines
now covered by the school.

It is expected that this building will be ready for occu¬
pancy early in the second semester, and its completion will
mark the beginning of a new era in ceramic education in
Illinois. The next legislature will probably be asked for a
sum sufficient to complete the proposed structure, of which
the present building forms only the rear portion. The com¬
pletion of the entire building will enable the department to
add lines of work which it has not been able to touch thus
far and these additions will make it the broadest and best
equipped institution of its kind in the United States. The
return of Professor A. V. Bleininger, who is under appoint¬
ment to take up the work July 1st next, assures the high
quality of everything undertaken by the department.

We look forward with confidence to the time when the
Department of Ceramics at the University shall prove as
helpful to the clay workers of Illinois as the College of Agri¬
culture has proved to its farming interests.

THE PRELIMINARY PROGRAM OF ILLINOIS
CLAY MANUFACTURERS ASSO¬
CIATION’S MEETING

The thirty-second annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Manufacturers’ Association will be held at the Elks’ Hall
at Champaign, January 18th, 19th and 20th, with head¬
quarters at Beardsley Hotel.

The subjects that will be up for discussion and papers to

be read, are:

1. — Relation of Face Brick to the City Beautiful.

2. — Facts and Fancies Dealing with the Clay Industry.

3. — Report of the Publicity Committee.

4. — The Progress Being Made by the Ceramic Depart¬
ment of the University of Illinois.

q. — What does it Cost to Work Impure and Non-homo-
geneous Clays.

6. — The Influence of Paving Brick Manufactures upon
Use of Product in Relation to the Public.

7. — Producer Gas and the Continuous Kiln.

8. — Which Pays Best in the Manufacture of Drain Tile,
Quality or Quantity?

9. — The Origin and Use of Coal.

10. — A Lubricating Die for Hollow Ware.

n. — A Modern Trade School for Building Trade.

12. — The New State Labor Law which Provides for
Health and Safety of Employes of Factories.

13. _What Side Line should Clay Manufacturers Make?

14. — Labor Saving Machinery for the Handling of Brick
by the Cook County Yards.

j 3. — Is it More Profitable to Make Hollow Fireproofing
Ware than Common Clay Goods?

16. _ How to Take the Lime Pebbles from the Clay for

Making Tile.

17. — How to Handle the Different Stratas of Clay to get
the Best Results in Making Tile or Brick.

These subjects will all be handled by those experienced
in the respective lines. Professors Bleininger, Stull and
Knote will be in attendance so as to direct us upon any
subject.

The banquet will be the evening of the 19th, Wednesday,
and will be given at the Beardsley Hotel. The best ever.
Come and not only come yourself, but bring along the other
clay manufacturers from your section of the county.. . .

Clay manufacturers are invited from all the adjoining

states.

There will be an exhibit room as usual, with plenty of

ipace to display your ware.

Following the meeting the Illinois Clay workers Institute
vill meet at the University of Illinois, Thursday afternoon
ind Friday morning. A splendid program has been ar-
anged by them.

Geo. H. Hartwell,

Chicago, Illinois. Secretary.

BOILER EXPLODES KILLING TWO MEN

David Hinds and Daniel Abraham were instantly killed
and eight other men narrowly escaped death when a boiler
at the plant of the Robinson Clay Product Company ex¬
ploded near New Philadelphia, Ohio.

Chief Fireman John Dolan was blown out of the build¬
ing, but escaped without a scratch. Seven other men escaped
with bruises. The boiler and engine rooms were wrecked.
Three hundred and fifty men are thrown out of employ-

ment. .

The boiler recently had been inspected. No cause tor the

explosion is known.

CLKY RECORD.

NEW INVENTIONS THAT ARE OF INTEREST
TO THE CLAY MANUFACTURER.

These new inventions are those that are especially of in¬
terest to anyone engaged in the line of building materials
and their manufacture, or machinery to make them.

937,706. Machine for Speckling Bricks. John D. Mar¬
tin, New Straitsville, Ohio, assignor to The Straitsville
Impervious Brick Co., New Straitsville, Ohio, a corpora¬
tion of Arizona. Filed April 24, 1908. Serial No. 428,926.

In a machine for speckling brick, the combination of a
feed for speckling matter, a support for a horizontally
moving clay column constructed to move therewith,

bracing said I-beams, and stirrups connecting said frames
with said kiln.

938,051. Machine for Dividing Plastic Material into
Charges. George E. Gowdy, Belleville, N. J. Filed
Mar. 23, 1908. Serial No. 422,612.

The combination, with a rotary carrier having a series
of pockets, of a piston in each pocket; means for feeding
material to the pockets ; a stop for limiting the stroke of
the pistons, and thereby controlling the amount of the

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means whereby the feed for the speckling matter is oper¬
ated by the support to deliver proportionately to the
movement of the support, and means for embedding the
speckling matter into the clay column, substantially as
described.

In a machine for speckling brick, the combination of a
feed for speckling matter, a supporting belt for a hori¬
zontally moving clay column constructed to move there¬
with, a roller for applying liquid to a vertical face of the
clay column, means whereby the feed for speckling matter
is operated by the supporting belt for the column to de¬
liver proportionately to the movement of the belt, means
for projecting the speckling matter against the dampened
face to produce a speckled effect, and means for embed¬
ding the .speckling matter into the column, substantially
as described.

937,644. Kiln. Geremia Pierboni, Connellsville, Pa.
Filed Aug. 23, 1907. Serial No. 389,888.

charge in each pocket; a device for intermittingly-rotat-
ing the carrier-wheel; and means controlled by each pis¬
ton at a certain point in the rotation of said carrier-wheel
for positively throwing into action mechanism for driving
forward the pistons to eject the charges from the pockets.

937,955. Brick-Setting Frame. Raymond C. Penfield,
New York, N. Y. Filed Jan. 7, 1909. Serial No. 471,077.

In a brick-setting board, the combination with an an¬
gular upright, of a horizontal surface on which the bricks
may be hacked up in stack formation, movable devices
arranged in connection with the latter for acting upon
the lower layer of bricks at the ends and at the center,
and a lever for operating said movable devices.

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A kiln embodying walls, said walls having air conduits
formed therein, channel beams arranged upon the outer
sides of said walls, channel bars inclosing the outer sides
of said beams and providing water conduits, a water sup¬
ply tank carried by said kiln, and connecting with said
channel bars, said bars having openings formed therein,
I-beams embracing said bars, triangular metallic frames

In a brick-setting board, the combination of a base, an
angular corner, shafts at the ends of the base provided
with clamping devices, shafts at the center likewise pro¬
vided with clamping devices, a leverage mechanism for
rocking said shafts, a handle for actuating the leverage
mechanism, all arranged so that the basal row of bricks
may be closed up into two closely set sections with spaces
at the ends below the superposed mass of a unit stack and
a space also between the sections, all arranged so that the
basal row thus formed may be susceptible of being en¬
gaged by the mechanism of a lifting machine.

CLMY RECORD.

938,430. Facing-Brick. James N. McQuern, Canton,
Ohio, assignor of one-half to Jacob E. Frailey, Canton,
Ohio. Filed Feb. 25, 1909. Serial No. 480,080.

As an improved article of manufacture, a facing brick
of the class described, consisting of a body portion, side
and end overlapping flanges formed of a thickness sub¬
stantially one-half the thickness of the body portion,

said flanges provided with ribs and grooves respectively
and the ribs adapted to be seated in the grooves of adja¬
cent bricks, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

- - - - -

PACIFIC COAST NEWS ITEMS

While the price of common brick seems to be quite low
all along the Coast at the present time the San Francisco
market is in a worse shape than any other from the reason
that the output of nearby plants have been increased to
such an extent that even the heavy consumption that has
been noted since the fire is not sufficient to take care of all
the brick that are being turned out. With the local market
so well supplied brick men are turning their attention to the
nearby towns of the state and are now shipping more brick
out of this district than ever before, though to interest buy¬
ers prices have been cut until they are but little above the
cost of production. In the San Francisco market common
brick is quoted at $7 per thousand, but only the output of
some favored plants is bringing that figure. Much of the
common brick now changing hands is being sold for figures
approaching $6, and this latter figure more nearly repre¬
sents the average selling price. Extremely heavy rains have
been falling during the past three weeks and many of the
plants are now closed for the winter. However, most of
them have fair sized stocks of goods on hand and it is the
actions of some of the smaller concerns who desire to get
rid of their holdings that has caused the decided slump in
prices. Prospects were never better in San Francisco for
a large consumption of brick as soon as building weather
comes on again and it is not anticipated that the present
rates will last many months. Mayor-Elect McCarthy has
promised to commence an active campaign of rebuilding as
soon as he is in office, and it is anticipated that during the
next two years there will be a great deal of municipal work
done. The mayor-elect is a practical man, president of the
Building Trades Council and thoroughly alive to the needs
of the city. From the architects’ offices comes the news that
a great amount of work is being planned at the present time
and that brick is being named as a building material for
more structures than ever before. Building permits for the
month of November were $2,540,897.

Across the bay from San Francisco there is also great
activity in the building line promised for next spring. Oak¬
land has greatly increased her territory by taking in a num¬
ber of suburbs and already plans have been made for some
extensive improvements in the line of sewer extentions and
sanitary work. The county statician, Henry E. Magill,
estimates that during the past year Alameda county has
produced brick and terra cotta to the value of $17,025,000.

The Monterey Sandstone Brick Company, formerly of
Monterey, California, has decided that Sacramento offers

an excellent field and a factory to cost $7,000 and employ¬
ing an average of 35 men, will be erected there at once. A
site for the factory has been purchased at the mouth of the
American River where there is an abundance of sand to be
had and machinery to cost $40,000 is now being purchased.
The company has changed its name and is now known as
the Sacramento Sandstone Brick Company. R. N. Philpot,
800 J Street, Sacramento, California, is the secretary of the
concern. The plant will enjoy exceptional transportation
facilities, being located on a navigable stream and with three
railroads at hand.

Work is being rushed on the restoration of the plant of
the Carnegie Brick & Pottery Company near Tesla which
was so badly wrecked a short time ago by boiler explosions.
A battery of eight boilers is to be installed to take the place
of the four that were wrecked and other substantial im¬
provements will also be made to increase the capacity of
the plant beyond what it formerly was. There was some
reserve stock on hand at the time of the accident and the
closing down of the plant will not be the cause of many
orders being refused.

Within a short time N. Clark & Son, the Oakland manu¬
facturing firm will commence the shipment of pressed brick
to Sacramento to be used in facing the new $250,000 Capi¬
tol Hotel building. Terra cotta is being shipped at the
present time to Salt Lake City and to Tacoma, Washington,
and this branch of the firm’s business is in a very healthy
condition. The new sewer work that is to be done soon in
Oakland is expected to tax the capacity of the sewer pipe
department, for this firm expects to get a large part of this
work.

The Carquinez Brick & Tile Company, operating near
San Pablo, is disposing of its products as fast as they can
be turned out and is preparing to make some large additions
to the plant there before spring.

A new concern to enter the brick manufacturing field at
Salt Lake City is the Empire Brick Company. This con¬
cern has just been incorporated there with a capital stock
of $150,000. W. J. Burton is one of the leading men in the
new concern.

The Mulford-Burke Brick Company has been incorpor¬
ated in Los Angeles with a capital stock of $100,000 by
J. K. Burke, S. T. Burke, W. A. Burke, D. L. Burke, E. A.
Emmons and H. H. Grossmayer.

A new pottery factory has been started at Los Angeles,
California, by J. A. Bauer, a member of the Paducah Pot¬
tery, Paducah, Kentucky. He is bringing labor here from
the Kentucky plant and expects to turn out some very fine
material.

Joseph Simonds, one of the most prominent brick manu¬
facturers of Los Angeles, was married in San Francisco
last month to Miss Irene Coulter, a young musician of this
place.

W. J. Mitchell has entered the Imperial Valley field and
has established a brick plant at Imperial. This is in charge
of J. Rathlum and the kilns have a capacity of 200,000

brick.

Large shipments of brick are now being made by the
Golden Gate Brick Company from its plant at Antioch to
Fruitvale, California, where a contract with the Southern
Pacific railroad is being filled.

One of the big plants in the bay district that is still very
busy is that of the McNear Brick Company. This concern
has a large number of orders on hand and will probably
not cease operations at all this winter unless compelled to
do so by the inclemency of the weather. Quite an export
business is being done and the markets of the bay cities are
not being depended upon to absorb the output of the big
plant.

CLAY RECORD.

PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY BY THE

Clay Record Publishing Company

Ninth Floor, Plymouth Building,

303 Dearborn Street,

CHICAGO.

GEORGE H. HARTWELL, Editor

A Happy and Prosperous New Year to all the readers
and friends of the Clay Record.

Many persons are judged by what the majority does not
know about them.

It is not what you do, but the way you do it, that makes
the difference between the successful and the unsuccessful
person.

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Send One Dollar bill or stamps for United States or Mexico and one
dollar fifty cents for all other foreign counties.

Entered as Second-Class Matter, January 25, 1893, at the Post Office, Chicago, Ill.

under Act of March 3, 1879

Vol. XXXV. DECEMBER 30, 1909. No. 12

•*1 like to read American advertisements. They are I®
3f»emselves literature, and 1 can gauge the prosperity of the
country by their very appearance.”— William E. Gladstone.

When times are dull and people are not advertising is the
yery time that advertising should be the heaviest. Ninety-nine
aut of every hundred merchants advertise most when there is
least need of it, instead of looking upon advertising as the pan-
H;cea for their business ills. — John Wanamaker.

CONVENTIONS

The fifth annual convention of the National Paving
Brick Manufacturers Association, will be held at Pitts¬
burg, Pa., Feb. 7th, 1910. Secretary W. P. Blair, Indian¬
apolis, Ind.

The twenty-ninth annual convention of the Iowa Brick
and Tile Association will be held at Des Moines, la.,
January 11, 12 and 13, 19 10. Secretary C. B. Platt. Van
Meter, la.

The twenty-fourth annual convention of the National
Brick Manufacturers Association will be held at Pittsburgh,
Pa., February 6 to 12, J910. Headquarters at Hotel Fort
Pitt. Secretary T. A. Randall, Indianapolis, Ind

The twelfth annual convention of the American Ceramic
Society will be held at Pittsburgh, Pa., February 6, 7 and
8, 1 910. Secretary. Edward Orton, Jr.. Columbus, Ohio.

The thirty. second annual convention of the Illinois Clay
Manufacturers Association will be held an Champaign, Ill.,
January 18, 19 and 20, 1910. Headquarters Hotel

Beardsley. Secretary George H. Hartwell, Chicago, Ill.

The National Clay Machinery Association will hold its
seventeenth annual meeting in the Fort Pitt Hotel, Pitts¬
burg, Pa., Feb. 8th, 1910. Secretary W. N. Durbin, An¬
derson, Ind.

The Clay Products Association, of America, will hold
its 2nd annual meeting at Pittsburg, Pa., Feb. 8th. Head¬
quarters at Hotel Fort Pitt. Secretary J. Parker B. Fiske,
Flatiron Bldg., New York.

The tenth annual convention of the Wisconsin Clay
Manufacturers Association will be held at Milwaukee,
AVis., February 23-24-25, 1910. Headquarters St. Charles
Hotel. Secretary, Samuel Weidman, Madison, Wis.

The man who tries to buy his way into heaven may dis¬
cover later that he gave up money to an unauthorized
representative.

Start right the coming year, advertise your line of goods.
No matter if you are selling all you can make, it will be for
the general publicity and you will be repaid sooner or later
tenfold.

CONDITIONS OF CLAY TRADE IN CHICAGO

Common Brick.

As per the estimate of a year ago there was about 35
per cent more common brick used in the Cook county district
this year than in 1908. The total number manufactured was
1,125,000,000 brick. Those sold was 1,150,000,000 and
those on hand the first of January will be about 125,000,000.
The price averaged about $6 per thousand for the year.
The prospects are that there will be 35 to 40 per cent more
made in 1910 than in 1909 and that the price will average
about $7 which is a fair price for both the consumer and
the manufacturer.

Face and Ornamental Brick.

Pressed brick are not manufactured in this county. The
selling agencies, which number about ten, have sold a total
of 70,000,000 face brick as against 45,000,000 in 1908. The
price has been about $2 per thousand higher. The pros¬
pects are that there will be 100,000,000 face brick sold in
1910 and at a price a little in advance of 1909 prices.

Fire Brick

There are no fire clays in Cook county and but one manu¬
facturing plant. The fire brick dealers sold over 25,000,000
fire brick ranging in price from $12 to $170 per thousand,
the average being about $20 to $21. At least 4,000,-
000 to 5,000,000 more fire brick were sold than in 1908 and
the prospects are that in 1910 there will be sold at least
45 to 50,000,000 on account of the new coke ovens and the
steel plants requiring so many. 8,000,000 will be used by
the steel company alone on their new work.

Paving Brick and Blocks.

Paving brick are not made in Cook county. The agencies
have sold 35,000,000 which is about 30 per cent over that
of last year and at an average price of 90 cents per square
yard on the job. It takes 1,000,000 brick for a mile of
brick pavement on the average width streets. Prospects
are that this figure will be greatly increased and perhaps
doubled in 1910. 102 streets are to be laid with vitrified

paving brick in 1910.

OBITUARY

Franz Jungk, secretary of the Improved Brick Company,
of Salt Lake City, Utah, died suddenly at Portland, Oregon.
He was 55 years of age, and unmarried.

Robert H. Adams died at his home 416 East 32d street.
Indianapolis, Ind. He was formerly in the brick business
and later in the Muncie Gas Company.

Harry Lambert Koenig, aged 65 years, the oldest active
potter in the United States, died at Newell, W. Va. He was
with the Homer Laughlin China Company for 15 years.

Mike Casey, of Cedar Bayou, Texas, met with instant
death by the accidental discharge of a shot gun. Mr. Casey
was owner of a brick yard at Cedar Bayou. He leaves a
wife and several children.

F. G. Croxall, aged 68 years, a widely known pottery
worker, died at his home in East Liverpool, Ohio. Mr.
Croxall was a prominent Mason, and a township trustee
for 25 years. He had lived in East Liverpool over 50 years.

FIRE ! FIRE ! ! FIRE ! ! !

The plant of the Pittsburg (Kansas) Vitrified Paving
and Building Brick Company was damaged by fire to the
extent of $50,000. Fire started in fan house which forces
the hot air into the dryer, burning the dryer, the machine
house and the engine and boiler room. Insurance, $21,500.
The plant will be rebuilt at once. Robert Nesch of Kansas
City, Mo., is at the head of the company.

The plant of the Haselton Tile Roofing Company,
Youngstown, Ohio, was destroyed by fire, causing a loss
of $5,000. The plant was a branch of the Youngstown Car
Manufacturing Company.

The plant of the Preston Brick Company, owned by
Preston Bros., at North Main St., Hornell, N. Y., was total¬
ly destroyed by fire causing a loss of $35,000. Insurance,
$18,000. Said to be of incendiary origin.

RAILROADS LOSE TO BRICK MAKERS

Impetus will be given the paving brick industry of Cleve¬
land by the order handed down December 8th, by the In¬
terstate Commerce Commission pronouncing the freight
rates from the Central Traffic Association territory to the
Atlantic seaboard to be unreasonable and requiring that the
railroads shall not hereafter charge more than twenty-one
cents a hundred pounds upon brick.

The Interstate Commerce Commission have been a year
investigating the complaint of the National Brick Manufac¬
turers’ Association, and its report will mean an average re¬
duction of about four cents a hundred pounds upon paving
brick and fire-brick, which are the products most affected by
the long distance rates. An action was originally started
by the Stowe-Fuller Company, of Cleveland, against the
Pennsylvania Railway Company, charging discrimination in
the rates upon fire clay brick, and contending that a brick
should be a brick in the fixing of freight rates. The mat¬
ter was then taken up by the national association, which in¬
cludes practically all the manufacturers of paving and fire
clay brick in the central and Eastern states.

The new rate with a maximum of twenty-one cents a
hundred pounds from points in the Central Traffic territory
to points in the trunk line territory of the east, will take
effect on February 1 next, and continues for two years.

Cleveland manufacturers think that the railroads will fix
the rates upon paving brick, to the territory in question,
at a rate less than the maximum, while the higher rate may
apply to fire clay brick. The manufacturers of building
brick are little affected since they do not ship any quantity
of their product out of the Central Traffic Association terri¬
tory.

ACCIDENTS, DAMAGES AND LOSSES

Misses Mary and Anna Beattie have filed suit against the
New Superior Brick Company stockholders to set aside the
sale 01 the old plant to the new company.

W. K. Synder, formerly an employe of the Kankakee
(111.) Brick & Tile Company, has brought suit for $1,200
damages for the breaking of an ankle while working in the
dry kiln.

Will Lewis has filed a $10,000 suit against the Chatta¬
nooga River Brick Company, Chattanooga, Tenn., for the
falling of a brick wall upor, bin; while at work for the
company.

Horace Goheen, night engineer of the Auburn (Pa.)
Shale Brick Company’s plant, was badly burned by his
clothing coming in contact with a torch in a moment he was a
sheet of flames.

The referee in bankruptcy of the Yoke Vitrified Brick
Company, of Coffeyville, Kansas, called a meeting of the
creditors for January 5, at which time the sale of the assets
of the company will be considered.

Adam Danforth, the foreman of the St. Anne (Ill.) Brick
& Tile Company, lost his left hand in the crushing rolls,
while removing some obstruction the engine started with a
jerk and caught him in the roll.

George Kalatch, aged 57, a laborer employed on the
Rose Brick Yard at Newburgh, N. Y., was instantly killed
by being buried in a sand slide. $150 known to be in his
pocket before his death suddenly disappeared.

David Hinds and Daniel Abraham were instantly killed
and eight other men narrowly escaped death when a boiler
at the plant of the Robinson Clay Products Company, near
New Philadelphia, Ohio, exploded. 350 men are thrown
out of employment.

The receiver of the Central Georgia Brick Company,
Macon, Georgia, has obtained authority of the court to
sell the property. A $14,000 suit for damages is also being
started against them by Mattie B. Butler, claiming that her
husband was badly crippled while at work at the plant.

A stockholder of the Wheeland Brick Company, of Moun¬
tain View, California, has started action to compel Mrs.
Georgia Wheeland and Mrs. Sophia Curtis to deed an eight
acre tract of land to the companv, which was said to be
bought with company money. The two women have con¬
trolling interests in the property.

COURTS CLOSED TO CONCERNS NOT
LICENSED IN ILLINOIS

Business corporations which are not licensed to do busi¬
ness in Illinois have no rights in the courts of the state, ac¬
cording to the decisions handed down by Judge Holdom
in the Appellate court at Chicago. It is considered of far
reaching importance to the commercial world.

The first decision was in a suit brought by the Frank
Simpson Fruit Company, a corporation organized in Kansas
and not licensed to operate in this state, against the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe railroad company.

The former sued for damages for negligence in handling
a shipment of bananas from New Orleans to Los Angeles.
The trial court allowed damages and the railroad appealed
on the ground that the fruit concern, being an artificial
“person,’ created by laws of another state, was a foreign
corporation and because of its failure to comply with Illi¬
nois statutes, was not entitled to maintain action in the
courts here. This contention was upheld by Judge Holdom.
Judge Baker dissented, but gave no opinion.

The other rulings were in cases of the Erie and Michigan
Railway and Navigation Company against the Central
Railway Equipment Company, and of the United States
Gypsum Company against the Equipment Company.

AMERICAN POTTERS LIKE NEW TARIFF

William Burgess, first vice-president and executive com¬
missioner of the United States Potters’ Association, was in
New York and corrected some erroneous impressions caused
by press dispatches regarding a recent annual meeting of the
organization held in Washington. In the first place, Mr.
Burgess, who directs the tariff propaganda of the associa¬
tion, made it plain that the domestic potters are pleased with
the provisions of the new tariff in its relation to the Ameri¬
can industry.

The association regards section n of the new administra¬
tive act as especially helpful in forcing importers of foreign
goods to invoice their goods at correct values, thereby elim¬
inating a dangerous factor in the competition between
domestic and foreign dealers. Another matter the pot¬
ters intend to deal with the coming year, according to Mr.
Burgess, relates to alleged freight discrimination.

“On the whole,” said Mr. Burgess, “the convention v^as
one of the most enthusiastic and important meetings ever
held by the association. The report of the tariff commit¬
tee, which was made at length, and in detail, was received
with appreciation. The association realized that never had
there been a more thoroughly planned and energetically ex¬
ecuted attack on the pottery industry by certain importing
interests as was made during the formation of the Aldrich-
Payne law, and that we, in common with all other manufac¬
turing industries, were so misrepresented that all hands felt
like congratulating themselves that results were no worse.

“The potters believe that the new provision in section ii
of the administrative law in relation to consigned goods,
and goods not freely sold to all purchasers, will be of great
benefit in compelling the payment of, at least, a large pro¬
portion of the duties the law provides for. The association
is also awake to the fact that plans are already on foot to
try and defeat even this provision, and fictitious values are
being made abroad with this end in view. The association
heartily endorsed the work of the tariff committee and also
the work of the special committee on customs matters.”

Mr. Burgess is optimistic regarding the outlook for busi¬
ness in 1910, and feels that the potters will have their share
of the general prosperity. It may be stated, however, that
the domestic potters propose to keep a close watch on the
values at which foreign competitive goods are entered the
coming year. Mr. Burgess, as executive commissioner,
will be in charge of customs as they relate to the business
of the domestic pottery industry.

AKRON MAN BUYS CLEVELAND LAND FOR

A BIG PLANT

Attorney A. H. Fiebach of Cleveland, Ohio, purchased
the property of the National Chemical Company of Cleve¬
land, for H. A. Robinson, of Akron.

It is said that Robinson, backed by Akron and Cleveland
men, and eastern capital, will erect on the site one of the
largest sewer pipe plants in the world. The property is
located about six miles from the Cleveland public square
on the Baltimore & Ohio railway and the Lake Erie & Pitts¬
burg railway.

On the property is a shale bank no feet high which covers
about 25 acres of the land.

Mr. Robinson expects to manufacture various clay prod¬
ucts as well as sewer pipe, and is now organizing a company
for that purpose.

About $750,000 will be required for the land, buildings
and machinery, and the plant, when in operation, will give
employment to 700 men.

It is said that the proposed plant has been designed by
W. S. Ferguson of the F. P. Construction Company of
Cleveland.

HORSEHEADS AND ELMIRA BRICK PLANTS

CONSOLIDATE

At a meeting of the stockholders held December 27, it
was voted to consolidate the Elmira (N. Y.) Shale Brick
Company with the Horseheads Brick Company, whose plant
was recently burned in Horseheads. Much other business
of an important nature came up at this meeting.

The Horseheads company has settled the differences
with the village, in regard to a land proposition and have
already started to rebuild that part of the plant which was
burned some time ago. After the fire it seemed probable
for a time that the brick company would leave Horseheads
for the want of desired facilities. Adjoining land was
needed to reconstruct the plant according to the new plans
and here difficulties arose. This, however, has been settled
that the plant would remain in Horesheads and that the
repairs are already under way.

The majority of the stock in the Horseheads company
is held by R. G. Eisenhart, while Phillip Weyer is at the
head of the Elmira company. It was stated that the con¬
solidation is made and that the two plants will continue
to work on an independent basis, as both are of extensive
proportions and capable of standing alone. The consolida¬
tion will simply be a merging of the stock.

It is stated that the Horseheads plant will be equipped
with more modern machinery and that when rebuilt it will
be ready to do business on an even larger scale than hereto¬
fore.

GOOD BRICK STREETS TO COST $550,000

Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars represents the
aggregate expenditures on street improvements undertaken
by Aberdeen during the 12 months that will end January
1, according to figures compiled by City Engineer C. W.
Ewart, Aberdeen, Wash., and $300,000 will probably be
spent in like work in 1910.

The city has 10,000 square yards of brick paved streets:
10.000 square yards of asphalt pavement; seven miles of
graveled streets and 23 miles of planked streets. For the
coming year the council has practically awarded contracts
for 25,000 square yards of additional pavements.

Since the engineer will not make his report until the
close of the fiscal year in May, 1910, it is impossible to
segregate exact contracts for 1909, yet it is safe to say that
at least the amount stated has gone into street improvements
during the year.

While the Heron street improvement, which cost $56,000
in round numbers, was started prior to January 1, 1909.
it was not finished until late in June of the past year. This
street was paved with vitrified brick and was the first per¬
manent improvement job undertaken by the city and prac¬
tically marked a new era in Aberdeen. It cost $70,000 to
make the Wishkah street improvement. The H street
improvement, from River street to Market, cost $34,000.
Ten thousand dollars was paid for the Broadway fill and
improvement from Heron to First street, and $35,000 for
the improvement of Third, Fourth, L and Sixth streets
on Broadway hill.

SOLD 7,000,000 A ND WILL INCREASE CAPACITY

It is reported that the newly erected plant of the Daffney
Brick Company at the north end of Mechanicsville, N. Y.,
will have its working capacity greatly increased by the
adding of one more brick machine and another drying
shed. It is said that the new company has just received
an order for seven million brick and the additional ma¬
chinery and drying rooms will be added to the present
plant in order to give a greater output of brick daily.
Thomas J. Tweedy is said to have been awarded the con¬
tract for the erection of the new building.

CLHV RECORD.

UNPRECEDENTED BUSINESS CAUSES COM¬
PANY TO ENLARGE

Articles of incorporation have been filed with the secre¬
tary of state by the Webster City Brick & Tile Company,
of Iowa, capitalizing the plant at $100,000, with the fol¬
lowing forming the company: G. A. Soule, C. W. Soule,
M. S. Carey and John F. Carey.

The unprecedented business enjoyed by this firm during
the past year, has demanded that more extensive facilities
be made to supply this demand. During the season they
were unable to handle near all their orders and the situa¬
tion made it imperative that changes be made.

On an extensive plan the work has been taken up. Clay
sheds, for the handling of clay in winter time, drying
roopis, etc., are being constructed. A force of men will be
kept busy making these additions through the present winter.
The plan' is to place the factory in such shape that the
wheels can be kept humming the year round, not being
necessitated to stop operations for cold weather.

The season’s sales have been the biggest the firm has ever
enjoyed. They are now 150 cars behind in their orders
and the yard practicaly depleted. Never was there such
a demand for good tile. Never has the factory been so
crowded for their wares. The need of tile in northern
Iowa is still in its infancy, and the Webster City tile has
created a name that places it among the best to be secured.

THE OUDIN & BERGMAN CASE SETTLED
AFTER 12 YEARS

In affirming the judgment of the Spokane (Wash.) Su¬
perior Court in the case of F. P. Weymouth, ■receiver for
the Oudin & Bergman Fire Clay Mining & Manufacturing
Company, dissolved partnership, and Thomas F. Conlan
against Charles P. Oudin and the American Fire Brick
Company the supreme court advised an early settlement,
as for 12 years the company has been in the courts, and this
last makes the nth appeal to the supreme court.

The defendants win out this time.

When organized the company issued 1500 shares of capi¬
tal stock, Oudin holding one share and his wife 749 shares
and Bergman 750 shares. Oudin was president and Berg¬
man secretary, both being trustees.

Bergman sold out to Conlan, and then at every meeting
of the stockholders the Oudin stock was voted for Mrs.
Oudin for secretary and Conlan voted for himself, and
the business was brought to a standstill. Oudin’s brother
in New York put up the money for the building of a brick
plant near Spokane, with Conlan’s consent. The old plant
burned down in 1903 and then litigation piled up.

It was claimed that some of the original company’s monej
was used in the construction of the new plant, and that
the Oudins should have spent $250 to repair the old plant
after the fire. The supreme court says that the Oudins can¬
not be held responsible, as both parties were stubborn.

FACE BRICK MEN TO HAVE A NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION

At the Chittenden hotel in Columbus, Ohio, a largely at¬
tended meeting of the Ohio Face Brick Manufacturers’ As¬
sociation was held. The following officers were elected :
J. M. Adams, general manager of the Iron-Clay Brick
Company of Columbus, president; S. M. Gould, superin¬
tendent of the Ohio Mining and Manufacturing Company,
Shawnee, vice-president; L. G. Kilbourne, president Colum¬
bus Brick and Terra-Cotta Company, treasurer; R. L.
Queisser, Cleveland, secretary.

Secretary Oueisser was directed to arrange for a meeting
of all the face brick manufacturers to meet at the N. B.
M. A. Convention and arrange to organize a National Face
Brick Manufacturers’ Association.

VICTORY FOE OHIO COURTS OVER KANSAS

COURTS

A victory has been won in the United States court at
Cleveland, Ohio, by the creditors of the Chanute (Kan¬
sas) Cement & Clay Product Company, who started an
involuntary bankruptcy action against the company in the
Cleveland court. Ihe affairs of the Chanute concern have
been considerably before the public and a number of Akron
people have been interested. Sometime ago a petition in
involuntary bankruptcy was begun by creditors of the Cha¬
nute Company in the United States district court at Fort
Scott, Kansas. Later a petition was filed in Cleveland and
the matter referred to the local referee in bankruptcy, Harry
L. Snyder for an adjucation. At the first meeting of the
creditors Frank B. Burch, of Wilcox, Parsons, Burch &
Adams was appointed trustee.

In behalf of the action in which he appears, Mr. Burch
raised the point in the Cleveland court that the Fort Scott
court had no jurisdiction in the case, that the two cases
should consolidate and that the assets of the company be
turned over to him. Judge Taylor on December 14 held
that the United States court in Kansas has no jurisdiction
to act in a petition in bankruptcy for to adjucate the Cha¬
nute Company bankrupt. He also enjoined the petitioning
creditors in Kansas and all other parties deriving authority
under the United States court in Kansas from further pro¬
ceedings in that court. He further authorized Trustee
Frank Burch to institute any proceeding necessary to ac¬
quire the property of the company which consists of an
office in Akron, various lands in this state, a plant at Cha¬
nute, Kansas and Bronson, Michigan. The property at
Chanute and Bronson have hitherto been in the hands of
the representatives of the western court.

FULLER & JOHNSON RECEIVING MANY COM¬
PLIMENTS ON WONDERFUL PUMPING

OUTFIT

Fuller & Johnson, Madison, Wis., are in receipt of hun¬
dreds of letters from users of their Diaphragm Bilge Pump
Outfits, expressing whole-hearted satisfaction at the mar¬
velous work of which this truly wonderful outfit is capable.

The pump actually does two men’s work at a mere frac¬
tion of their pay. It is attracting favorable attention from
contractors, builders, railroads, ship and barge owners, or
public works. Wherever economy of time and money are
important factors this mechanical marvel is destined to play
a very important part.

The only attention required by this engine is that of
feeding it the necessary gasoline and lubricating oil. It can
be operated at about 2c an hour and runs for long periods
with scarcely any up-keep. Those who have tested it say
that it quickly pays for itself.

Contractors who must raise large quantities of water in
the course of their work will do well to investigate this new
type of engine.

NEW JERSEY BRICK ADVANCED $1.00 PER

THOUSAND

Brickmakers of Trenton, Bordentown, Kinkora and vi¬
cinity met at Trenton, New Jersey, and decided upon a
general increase in the price of brick. The advance made
is $1 a thousand on all grades of common brick.

The new prices to be quoted are as follows: Salmon
brick, $7 a thousand; rough hard brick, $8 a thousand;
straight hard brick, $9 a thousand.

The increase takes effect immediately except on contracts
already made and now pending. Orders for those will, of
course, be filled at the old prices.

BRICK GAINING IN POPULARITY IN
INDIANAPOLIS

According to the predictions of some of the best archi¬
tects in Indianapolis, the coming season of building will
mark a new era in the construction of homes, or, at least
emphasize an era that was started in the season just closed.
That is, the most substantial and artistic houses will be
built of brick. It is not necessary now to resort to paint and
frail frame trimmings to make the house of today attractive.

Brick has always been the standard of perfect construc¬
tion, making as they do, the best foundation, the dryest
wall and reducing the fire risk, items of considerable impor¬
tance to the builder.

In addition to these most important advantages the brick
maker of today has added the much-to-be-desired quality
of beauty. Today brick can be found in the oldest homes
in the city, and in the new homes now in the course of
construction — they are found in the four room cottage and
in the mansion. In some houses there are the brick chim¬
neys only, other the chimneys and foundation of brick, but
the present day home with the brick foundation, brick
chimney, the outside walls and porches of brick is the
most attractive ideal home for comfort and durability.

While the different effects shown in face brick are as
numerous almost as the stars, giving us, as they do, such
a great variety of colors and surfaces, architects are show¬
ing designs for brick houses that are most attractive in
style of architecture as well as color schemes. In fact,
brick have been brought to a point of perfection and de¬
sirability for the outside facing and trimming that is equal
to the standard they have always been for tbe foundation,
chimneys, and backing of other surface materials. — Indian¬
apolis Star.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT AFFIRMS

BERKS REFEREE

The United States district court affirmed the decision of
Referee Bertolet, in the matter of the claim of Robert Pen¬
nington, receiver of the United States Brick Company, for
$265,000 with interest against the Montello Brick Works,
Reading, Pa., which was rejected by the referee.

The claim including the interest which was almost $40,-
000, aggregated $304,000, and was for moneys alleged to
have been advanced the Montello Brick Works, bankrupt.
Referee Bertolet, in an exhaustive opinion disallowed the
claim. An appeal was taken to the United States district
court, which in denying the appeal, practically settles a ques¬
tion that has been hanging fire for a long time. It is prob¬
able that no appeal to a higher court will be made.

The trustee for bondholder had filed a similar claim for
the same amount, but this was also disallowed by the
referee.

CALENDARS FOR 1910

The G. B. Mentz Company, manufacturers of brick
moulds at Wallkill, N. Y., has sent in one of the most
unique calendars of the season. It is called “Recess Hours”
and brings one back to the country school days.

E. M. Freese & Company, Gabon, Ohio, is now sending
out their business calendars for 1910. This year it is un¬
usually attractive and very practical, leaving off many of the
“frills” that generally are displayed on most calendars.
It is of the kind that will find a place in almost any office.

C. K. Williams & Company, Easton, Pa., have sent in
as usual their annual calendar. This firm manufacturers
the Anchor brand of dry colors and fillers which is so much
used by clay manufacturers to get the desired shades and
tints to their ware. The calendar is what is known to the
trade as the improved memoranda calendar, and can be had
by you for the asking.

SERGEANT BLUFFS ENTERPRISE LOSES IN
CONTESTS IN BRICK RATES

The state railway commissioners have announced their de¬
cision in the famous Haskins case in Sioux City, la., in
which discrimination was charged in the transportation of
brick from various plants by railway companies and which
was of vast importance to industries located in the North
Riverside suburb of Sioux City. The decision was in favor
of the latter.

L. J. Haskins, who operates a brick plant at Sergeant
Bluff on the Northwestern railway seven miles below Sioux
City and who competes with the three brick plants in North
Riverside was the complainant.

In transporting his products to Sioux City the North¬
western line has charged him according to the long distance
haul tariff, which is practically a charge of $15 a car load
for brick and tile.

The three companies at North Riverside have been
shipping their products over the Milwaukee road under
switching rates and paying but $3 a car load.

It was in this that Haskins claimed the unfair and un¬
just discrimination. It raised the question whether the
shipments from the North Riverside plants were hauls or
switches.

Haskins maintained that the shipments were hauls and
should be charged under the distance tariff. He maintained
that the trains transporting the products were under the
direction of a train dispatcher and were therefore beyond
the switching class under the rule of the railway com¬
mission. He further claimed that the North Riverside
plants were four miles from the switching limits of the
Milwaukee road in Sioux City and were therefore out of
the switching class.

In this, however, he was overruled by the commission,
which on investigation found that all transporting from
the North Riverside plants was done by purely switching
trains and crews, and that the dispatcher had charge of
the trains only as a matter of safety by reason of the dan¬
gerous track, the precipitous bluffs and other conditions
which made the operation of the road hazardous. It was
purely a switch, the commission held, and the $3 rate was
fair and reasonable.

In Haskins’ case against the Northwestern the com¬
mission found there was no foundation. He is seven miles
from Sioux City at a regular station on the Northwestern
line, where a station is maintained and trains run under
direction of the regular dispatcher. His products are trans¬
ported by regular trains and never by switching crews.
He is unquestionably under the ten mile tariff, the com¬
mission held, and the rates charged by the Northwestern
are just.

The decision was a victory for the North Riverside
companies.

WILL LAY TEN MILLION BRICK

Ten million brick will be laid in the walls or additions to
existing manufacturing plants or new plants in Rockford,
Illinois, during 1910, according to estimates of men who
know what is going on in this city in a commercial way.

One coterie of men who have had a forty acre tract in
hand for factory sites now has only fifteen acres available.
Other land in the vicinity is being looked after in the same
way.

One concern has ordered two and a half million brick a
quarter of the quantity mentioned above as a probability
for the season. One plant here has had an increase of
fifty-three per cent in its business the past year and in spite
of successive enlargements will not be able to look after all
the orders sent in the coming season.

CLMY RECORD,

POTTERY NEWS ITEMS

The Spokane Pottery Company will sell all its property
at the main office in Clayton, Wash., January 15, as per
order of the court. The assets are estimated at $50,000.

The Trenton Potteries Company will build a four story
warehouse at the Equitable Pottery in Trenton, N. J., the
contract being awarded to Burton & Burton, at $18,000.

Arthur Kendrick, manager of the mold and mold making
department of the Steubenville (Ohio) Pottery, has re¬
signed to engage in another business. He is succeeded by
Ernest Goodwin, of East Liverpool.

The Chicago Glass and China Company, capital stock
$25,000, has been incorporated. Incorporators are H. J.
Rosenberg, N. Galta and H. J. Lurie.

The Commercial Club of El Reno, Okla. has succeeded
in securing a pottery manufacturing concern to locate there.
They will use the buildings and site of the parties that were
to start there some time ago, but were obliged to abandon
the undertaking on account of the financial panic.

POTTERY COMBINE STARTED AND ELECTS

OFFICERS

Frank Ransbottom, treasurer and general manager of the
Eastern Stoneware Company, the new company formed by
the merging of all the principal stoneware interests in the
eastern district of the country, has returned from Pittsburg,
where he attended a meeting of the interested parties.

The officers of the company are C. W. Stine of White
Cottage, O., president; Wilson Winters of Crooksville, vice-
president; E. L. Taylor of Crooksville, secretary; Frank
Ransbottom of Roseville, treasurer and general sales-man-
ager.

All of the sales of the manufactories represented in the
merger will be handled through the offices in the Masonic
temple, Zanesville, Ohio. About forty traveling men will
work from the Zanesville office.

Mr. Ransbottom will be assisted in these new offices by a
corps of competent assistants. The offices were opened
January 1.

The following manufactories are interested in the merger :
Ransbottom Bros, of Roseville, Burley-Winters Pottery
Company, A. E. Hull Pottery Company, Keystone Pottery
Company, Star Stoneware Company and the Crooksville
Pottery Company, all of Crooksville; C. W. Stine Pottery
Company of White Cottage, Logan Pottery Company of
Logan, Ohio, and other plants at Akron and New Brighton,
Pennsylvania.

FIRE BRICK COMPANY FILLING BIG ORDERS

The United Fire Brick Company of Pittsburg, is operat¬
ing its three plants at Uniontown, Pa., to capacity and fill¬
ing contracts for the following improvements :

Tower Hill Coke Company, 200 ovens; Jamison Coal and
Coke Company, Greensburg, 100 ovens; Pittsburg and Buf¬
falo Coal Company, Marianna, Pa., 75 ovens; Mt. Pleasant
Coke Company, Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 50 ovens ; Colonial Iron
Company, Riddlesburg, Pa., 30 ovens, and the West Penn
Steel Company, Brackenridge, Pa., furnaces and other con¬
struction work.

SAND OR LIME, BRICK OR BLOCK NEWS

The Sibley Brick Company, Sibley, Mich., had a banner
year in 1909 and doubled its capacity.

The Saginaw (Mich.) Sandstone Brick Company are
running a double shift, turning out nearly 45,000 brick
daily.

The Flint Sandstone Brick Company were obliged to
double the capacity of their plant so as to keep up with
the orders.

The Federal Cement Tile Company has completed its new
plant at Hammond, Ind., and is moving its machinery to
the new location.

At Sebewaing, Mich, the Sebewaing Sandstone Brick
Company were forced to double the capacity of their plant
so as to take care of their growing trade.

The Spencerville (Ohio) Tile Company has developed
into a reality. They are now turning out cement tile and
will soon install a cement shingle machine.

The City Tile & Cement Company, La Crosse, Wis., will
spread out and manufacture cement brick. Alderman F. L.
Goddard has become a member of the company.

The Fremont (Neb.) Granite Brick Company have their
new plant rebuilt It is of brick and stone, steam heated
and can be operated the year around, making 20,000 brick
daily. A. M. Baugh is the superintendent.

The Buffalo (N. Y.) Sandlime Brick Company manufac¬
tured four times the amount of sandlime brick in 1909 that
they did in 1908 and sold the entire output. Buffalo alone
taking 10,000,000. The plant is at Lancaster, N. Y.

The Winchester (Ky.) Granite Brick Company reports
that they are running their factory full time, making 19,000
brick daily and shipping them out just as fast as made.
J. Harry Allen is secretary and treasurer of the company.

The Grande Brick Company, Grand Rapids, Mich., is
running day and night, turning out 44,000 brick daily,
with but a single press. They started in May and found it
necessary to put on a night crew in order to handle the
business.

The Range Brick Company, Hibbing, Minn., filed cer¬
tificate of incorporation this month with $100,000 capital
stock. C. A. Remington, of Hibbing, is president; H. S.
Lord, of Carlton, vice-president; and John Kee, of Minne¬
apolis, treasurer.

CROOKSVILLE IS BOOMING

Crooksville, Ohio, the metropolis of Perry county, is at
present enjoying one of the biggest booms in its history,
due to the unusually prosperous industrial conditions and
the recent discovery of an unlimited supply of natural gas
within the city limits.

At a meeting of the council a twenty-year franchise was
granted to the Crooksville Gas & Oil Company, permitting it
to furnish gas both for factory and private use at a rate of
ten cents per thousand cubic feet for the former and twenty
cents for the latter. The company has one well, which is
producing over 3,000,000 cubic feet of gas per day, and a
portion of this supply is being used by the Crooksville
China Company, the Keystone Pottery and the Burley &
Winters Pottery. The company will continue developing
its territory as rapidly as possible and expects to drill at
least three more wells before spring.

Haigh’s New System of Continuous Kiln Ar,MW< to Su,t alLi^i?£»

These Kilns can be seen burning Roofing Tile, Drain Tile, Dry Pressed Facing, Fire, Paving and Common Building Brick

p0ints 0f Superiority: Cheapness in construction. Easy to understaud and operate. Perfectly free from any nuisance. Will save more than
one-half of the fuel used on other Kilns. Specially adapted for Utilizing Waste Heat for Drying Purposes, and which is being done most successfully

Address, H. HA I G H, Catskill, N. Y.

CLAY RECORD.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

The Cleveland (Ohio) Material Company has been in¬
corporated with $20,000 capital stock by H. J. Collins and
others.

Frank Swank is figuring on building a brick plant on
his farm near Altoona, Kansas, as soon as Harding’s rail¬
road is completed.

The Alumina Shale Brick Company, Bradford, Pa., has
increased their capital stock from $50,000 to $100,000, and
will increase the capacity of their works.

Burham Bros, stopped making brick at their plant in
Montague City, Mass, the first of the month, making 1,000,-
000 brick each month. They have had a splendid trade
this year.

Work on the plant for the Dresden (Ohio) Sewer Pipe
Company has been started after tests of the clay being made.
About 50 men will be employed and Chicago parties are
interested.

Actual work on the new terra cotta plant at Maurer,
N. J., is expected to be started by the Federal Terra Cotta
Company. The plant is expected to be in operation with
six kilns by April.

Coffey ville (Kansas) promoters have signed contracts
with eastern capitalists whereby the town of South Coffey-
ville, Okla., is to have a large terra cotta and brick plant.
Etchen Bros, are interested.

D. P. Thomas, receiver of the Fort Scott (Kansas)
Brick Company, has an order from the court to borrow
$10,000 so as to make the necessary repairs and start the
plant. This will be done as soon as the weather permits.

The Muskogee (Okla.) Vitrified Brick Company are
making plans to greatly increase the capacity of their plant
so as to keep up with the demands for their goods. The
present capacity is 50,000 and 150,000 is expected to be
made after the enlargements.

A number of El Paso, Texas, business men, including
James Clifford, G. W. Emerson, and some local contractors,
have purchased 160 acres of shale land at the base of' the
Muleras Mountain peak, opposite the smelter and will build
a modern and up-to-date brick manufacturing plant.

The El Paso (Texas) Portland Cement Works which
are not as yet completed, have decided to put in an addi¬
tional $500,000 to increase the capacity of the plant on ac¬
count of the business prospects. Earl Leonardt, of Los
Angeles, Cal., is at the head of the company.

The J. B. Sewell Brick Factory & Trading Company,
Ltd., has been organized at Baldwin, La., to take over the
Dr. J. B. Sewell plant which was badly destroyed by a storm
in September. F. C. Vigurie is president; Adolph Parro,
vice-president; J. D. Morris, secretary and treasurer. The
new company will commence business at once.

NOTICE

The Trade Mark

TAPESTRY

- is registered in the U. S. Patent Office and is our
exclusive property It brands our best burned
clay products. All manufacturers and dealers,
except those selling our goods, are warned
against infringement.

Boston FISKE & CO., Inc., New York

S. W. Gooch and M. A. Harris will establish a brick fac¬
tory at Selmer, Tenn.

J. F. Dupree has been awarded the contract to erect
the plant for the Rome (Ga.) Brick Company.

J. E. Minter, Mercer Morris and R. B. Small of Macon,
Ga., are organizing a $50,000 stock company for the manu¬
facture of sewer pipe.

The Claytonia Brick & Clay Products Company plant
at Evansville, Ind., has been sold to A.W- ^unkhouser for
$5>35°- The company will be reorganized and plant en¬
larged.

The Fredonia (Kansas) Brick Company will close down
the first of the year and will make a general overhauling
of the machinery and install some new machinery, also a
boiler and engine.

The Drake (Ill.) Clay Company has purchased an 80
acre tract of land along the C. & A. Ry., besides the 80 acres
purchased from Mr. Doyle, and is ready to do business.
The company is capitalized at $100,000.

The Crawfordsville (Ind.) Shale Brick Company paid a
10 per cent dividend and elected the following officers for
1910: James E. Evans, president; J. A. Gilbert, vice-presi¬
dent; G. B. Luckett, secretary and treasurer; and John
Ferguson, superintendent of works.

The Atchison (Kansas) Brick, Tile & Coal Company re¬
cently elected the following officers : S. R. Bebee, president ;
W. B. Collett, vice-president; and W. P. Wagginer, secretary
and treasurer. The coal property was taken from the re¬
ceiver’s hands and stock sold, the receipts of which are to
be used for the erection of a brick and tile plant.

Henry Jenkinson, representing capitalists who are in¬
terested in brick at South River and Perth Amboy, N. J.,
has been in Plainfield, N. J., for several weeks securing
options on Cushing Road with a view of establishing a
brick plant that will make 25,000,000 brick annually. Hy¬
draulic pumps will be used to keep the water from the pits.

DIRECT HEAT

- —FOR =

BANK SAND
GLASS SAND
ROCK, CLAY
COAL, ETC.

All Mineral, Animal and Vegetable Matter.

We have equipped the largest plants in existence
and our dryers are operating in all parts of the
world. Write for list of installations and
catalogue W. C.

AMERICAN PROCESS CO.,

68 William Si. NEW YORK CITY

1 he Electric City Brick Company has been granted a
charter with $25,000 capital stock at Augusta, Ga.

The Lehigh (la.) Sewer Pipe & Tile Company has be¬
gun the enlargment of its plant to double its present capa¬
city.

There are seventy-five brick making plants in Oklahoma
and not one that can manufacture brick fast enough to take
care of its orders.

John Bond, a brick maker of Spokane, Wash., has been
at Tekoa, Wash., looking over the field with a view of start¬
ing a brick works.

The Peerless Brick Company, Seattle Wash., has been
incorporated with $6,000 capital stock by O. L. Chapman
and R. O. Howard.

Beal Bros., Scottsville, Va., will develop the silica de¬
posits found on their lands, putting in a milling plant, also
will erect a plant to make silica brick.

The Barnes Brick Company plant located at Bolesville,
Pa., have sold their partly destroyed by fire brick plant to
the Pennsylvania railway, to be dismantled, so as to use
the site for track purposes.

The Jamestown (N. Y.) Shale Brick Company has built
a continuous kiln 1400 feet around same, and that can burn
20,000 brick a month. The stack is 185 feet high. They
are also building a bridge across the river and making other
improvements.

The New York Roofing Tile Company, Saugerties, N. Y.,
whose plant was recently destroyed by fire, has had plans
drawn for the construction of a modern plant of much
larger size. Lucius Washburn, of Albany, is president of
the company.

The Holt & Gregg Company is making great improve¬
ments to its brick plant, two miles north of Anderson, Cal.
A new continuous kiln with 14 chambers holding 24.000
brick each is to be built. J. N. Gregg and James H. Holt
laid out the work which is now under way.

The Stiles & Reynolds Brick Company, New Haven,
Conn., has been incorporated with $75,000 capital stock.
Incorporators are F. L. Stiles and J. F. Reynolds of North
Haven, and E. G. Stoddard, of New Haven. The company
will take over the W. L. Davis plant at Berlin.

The Nelson Construction Company, of Mason City, Iowa,
have 150 laborers and 20 teams at work putting in the
foundations for the buildings of the Minnesota Farmers
Brick & Tile Company’s plant at Austin, Minn. The plant
will be finished May 1st, and will make 100,000 6-inch tile
each day.

Wellington, Kansas, expects to soon boast of a 25,000
brick making plant. The Rock Island road has recently
purchased land adjoining the city for this purpose.

H. A. Robinson, of Akron, Ohio, has purchased land at
Cleveland on the B. & O. and Lake Erie & Pittsburg Rys.,
and will build the largest sewer pipe plant in the world.

The New Richmond (Ind.) Tile Works operated by Mr.
Lee, has been shut down and he will shortly begin remodel¬
ing the plant. New kilns and new machinery will be added.

The Harrigan & Mink Brick Company, Llanwellyn, Pa.,
has been incorporated with $60,000 capital stock. J. W.
Harrigan, 2331 Wharton St., Scranton, Pa., is interested.

C. D. Peet, of Peet Bros., Ithaca, Mich, has purchased
the brick and tile factory at Sickles, of J. A. Broadbeck
and will improve and operate same after March 1st, 1910.

The four mile ditch at Rockwell City, la., was let to the
Lehigh Sewer Pipe & Tile Company of Fort Dodge, la.
Large tile up to 28 inches and all sizes down to 8 inches
will be used.

The Audrain Coal Company, near Vandalia, Mo., opened
up a fine vein of clay that underlies the coal in their mine
and expect to establish a brick plant that will give employ¬
ment to many men.

Lon. C. Hill has organized a brick manufacturing com¬
pany at Hartington, Texas, that will make 50,000 brick
daily. The machinery has already been purchased and will
be installed in January.

Mr. Wilson, owner of the Tipton (la.) Brick & Tile
Works, gave each of their employes a Christmas basket con¬
taining a turkey, cranberries, celery and all the “fixins” for
a fine Christmas dinner.

The Alonzo Curtis Brick Company, of Grant Park, Ill.,
has purchased the Manteno (Ill.) Brick Company, and
added it to their string of brick plants. John Hatch will
return to Manteno and superintend the plant.

A. G. Yoke, of Brown & Yoke, has sold his interests in
the Fort Smith (Ark.) Vitrified Brick Company’s plant to
parties in Independence and Ncodosha, Kansas. Charles
Brogue of the latter place will manage the plant.

The Western Brick Machine Company, La Crosse Wis.,
has been incorporated with $10,000 capital stock. They
will make cement brick machines. The incorporators are
John Hemker, E. F. Wege and George B. Frederick.

The Ceramic Fuel & Labor Economizing Company has
been incorporated with $60,000 capital stock, to do a con¬
tracting, engineering and consulting business. Incorpora¬
tors are Richard Hochne, Charles E. Zollars and Thomas
J. Burke.

The Johnston Non-Detaehable Folding and Sliding Deck

Is adapted for any style of Dryer Car

The deck can be
placed on either
side or center of
the car for load¬
ing or unloading
without remov¬
ing from the car.

The Johnson
deck is a labor
and material sa¬
ver. and is especially so when permanent kilns are used.

The Johnson deck can be made of wood, steel or galvanized
iron and of malleable iron or drop forgings.

For further information address

CHARLES H. JOHNSTON, 1824 GreenJeaf St., Chicago, III.

POTTERY MACHINERY WANTED

We are in the market for Machinery for making
flower pots, jugs, jars, etc, would buy a small second¬
hand outfit if reasonable. Address

“FLOWER POT”, care of Clay Record,

Chicago Ill.

FOR SALE

One Four Mold Simpson Dry Press
One Fernholtz Pulverizer.

One 40 h. p. Engine and Boiler. Also shafting,
pulleys, etc. Have extra mold box for dry press.
Will sell all or any part of this machinery. '

ED SHANNON,

Shellsburg, Iowa

Second-Hand Brick Machinery
For Sale

1 two-mold brick press.

1 three-mold brick press.

1 six-mold brick press.

1 42-inch clay pulverizer.

1 Freese stiff-mud auger machine, pug mill and
cutter.

1 Centennial auger machine and cutter.

1 clay mixer.

2 small engines.

Let us know your wants

Scott Manufacturing Company,

1811 Third National Bank Bldg St. Louis, Mo.

POTTERY MANAGER WANTED

A man is wanted who is capable to equip and
manage a pottery factory. Write

DR. ALEX SCHUTT, Bismark, S. Dak

WANTED

One good copy of the Clay Record, Number 10
Volume 16, to complete files for a ceramic school
library. Address ROSS C. PURDY.

Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio

FOR SALE

Plans and Rights of Round Down-draft Contin¬
uous or Semi-Continuous Kilns. Both types possess
new and improved features Address

William Radford,

Phoebus, Va.

FOR SALE

Care of Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

HAMPTON’S KILNS

Burn 99 Percent Hard Brick and Tile

Old kilns easly changed.

Plans and yard rights cheap.

We Build Kilns and Guarantee Them
PITTSBURG KILN CONSTRUCTION CO.
1317 Montello Av., N, E. Washington, D. C.

BRICK PLANT FOR SALE

Minnesota, care Clay Record,

Chicago. Ill.

POSITION WANTED

Care of Clay Record, Chicage. Id.

FOR SALE

Bight and left-hand One, Two and Three Way
Switches, of various gauges, radius and weight rail,
it special prices.

THE ATLAS OAR & MFG. GO.,

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

Address “506” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

The Entire Plant
of The Powhatan Clay Mfg. Co.

14 North 7th St., Richmond, Va.

POSITION WANTED

Address LOUIS ZENKER,

194 4th Street, Passaic, N. J.

FOR SALE CHEAP

Four Mold Ross-Keller Brick Press in good work¬
ing condition.

CHISHOLM, BOYD & WHITE CO.,

57th & Wallace Sts., Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

Two second hand American Clay Machinery Co.
No. 2 Automatic Cutters.

One Western Wheel Scraper Co No. 2 Jaw Crusher.

Hydraulic Press Brick Co.,
Brazil Branch,
Brazil, Ind.

FOR SALE OR LEASE

Clay products plant. Established business. Run
ning concern in one of the best cities in Ohio
Address A. B. care Clay Record.

Chicago, Ill

FOR SALE

A brick and tile plant in Green County, Iowa.
Cannot supply the demand. All new machinery.
Good reason for selling. Write for particulars to
GREEN, Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

WANTED

Sales Dept. ” Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

LOCATION OR PLANT WANTED

I am looking for a location or preferably a plant
partially or ready to run for making clay products!
such as drain tile builders and pavers, in fact a good
shale and fire clay proposition, preferably in Indiana
or Illinois, on good road or roads Will buy a man¬
aging and sales managing interest or all if conditions
are right. Address

“LOCATION” Care of Clay Record,
Chicago, Ill.

_ No better made, cut iron

$8 and $10, to

4 Wheel, $3 00

5 Wheel, $3.25

Guaranteed.
Sold by all dealers

BATTLE CREEK. MICH-

GOOD OPENING FOR CAPITAL
AND EXPERIENCE

For the purpose of making enlargements would
like to interest capital in clay plant, have dry press
and stiff mud outfits, making fire brick, face brick,
hollow building tile, fire proofing and common
brick. Located in the west and have a great ad¬
vantage in freight rates over a good market on file
brick, fancy face brick, tile etc. Have immense
deposits of high- grade fire clay, several varieties of
shale and unlimited quantities of good surface clay.
Would prefer to interest parties practical in clay
working and will offer good inducements.

A. N. M , Care of Clay Record,

Chicago, Ill.

WANTE0

To sell all or a two-thirds interest in an up-to-date
Brick Plant and Coal Mines, excellent shale for
street block. 12 feet of fire clay, two coal mines, both
operated with compiessed air machine, with more
orders than can be taken care of. An excel!- nt
proposition and a money maker, good reason for
selling, Manager wants to go South. If interested
write to, “BF7RT” Care of Clay Record

Chicago, Ill.

DRYER CARS

We have on hand a lot of secoud hand single and
doub’e deck Dryer Cars. These cars are almost new
having been used but a short time and are in A-l
i condition. We offer them at a very low price for
quick sale.

The Atlas Car & Mfg. Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

FOR SALE

Second-hand four and six mold Dry Press at a
bargain. Can be seen under belt and making brick.
Address,

fernholtz BRICK MACHINE CO.

St. Louis, Mo.

FOR SALE

One Form Mold Berg Dry Press, good as new.
Made about 200,000 brick. Guareuteed in good
working order. Address

BUCKEYE FIRE BRICK & CLAY CO ,

Scioto Furnace, Ohio

CLAY PLANT WANTED

We are in the market for a Brick and Clay Works,
one that is located as near to Chicago as possible,
State all particulars in first letter.

Address “CLAY PLANT”,

Care of Clay Record, Chicago, Ill.

FOR SALE

New Sand Lime Brick Hardening Cylinder, 6 feet
diameter by 68 feet long. One removable head. Im¬
mediate shipment.

FRANKLIN BOILER WORKS CO.,

Troy, N. Y

PLANT FOR SALE

Very valuable Brick and Tile property on Janies
River, Va., complete stiff mud plant, 25 thousand
capacity, practically new. Brand new soft mud out¬
fit, including steam dryer, 50 thousand capacity;
automatic conveyors, new and commodious dwell¬
ings. Not a better equipped yard in the state. 20
acres or more plastic red clay, admirable for brick
and drain tile. Eight rapidly growing cities furnish
market for bricks net $7,00 at kiln. Practical mon-
opolv of best market m U. S. for drain tile to net
$20. < 0 per thousand for 4 inches Immense demand
and no factory in 200 miles. Cheap fuel and labor;
can operate with steam dryer year around. Im¬
provements have cost $16,000, but I am not a brick-
maker and to the right party will sell low and easy
payments

W. L- JONES,

Lock Box 5, Williamsburg, Va.

Paper Jogger# quoted.

R. A. HART. 41 White St.,

Centrifugal Clay Screen

Just beneath the screen plate is
a steam coil heater arranged to heat
the screen plate to prevent damp clay
from clogging p rf rations in the
plate.

Surrounding the vertical shaft is
a cast iron hopper or spout through
which the clay is fed on the screen
plate. This hopper can be raised or
lowered to regulate the flow of clay
on the screen. The hopper being al¬
ways full of clay keeps an even flow
to the screen. The screen as it re-
voles throws the clay from the center
to the outside of the screen plate, the
flow being even and regular. The
larger particles of clay, too large to
pass through the perforations, pass
over the screen plate to the outside
and fall through the outer housing
to a spout conveying them to the
grinding pan for regrinding. The
fine particles of clay sift through the
screen plate into the inner housings
or hopper and pass to a conveyor and
into a clay bin.

The whole operation is rapid and
thorough and the principle insures
great capacity and freedom from
troubles Many of these screens have
been installed and are giving univer¬
sal satisfaction

In actual operation the No. 147
Screen, which has a screen plate six
feet in diameter, is screening equal
to the capacity of two nine-foot
dry pans. We also build this screen
with a four foot screen which will handle clay to the capacity of one pan. Full particulars
as to construction and operation of this screen will be sent upon request

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CLAY RECORD,

Force Feed Oiling System for Clay Working Machinery

No. 65 Auger Machine Showing Force Feed Oiling System and Housing

The illustration shows our improved central oiling device for thrust bearings. By this improvement
thrusts are oiled from the center instead of trying to get the oil to run from the periphery of the thrust
plates to the center. The gravitation on a revolving plate or disc is from the center and not toward it,
consequently by the old system there was no assurance that thrust plates received the proper amount of oil.
Our new method of applying the oil by force feed to the center of the plates insured plenty of oil and free¬
dom from repairs.

This Force Feed Sight Oiling System can be applied to an}- of our Clay Working Machines. Cor-
espondence solicited.

We build every machine and appliance needed for making clay products by all processes.

The American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD.

Force Feed Oiling System for Clay Worknig Machinery

No. 65 Auger Machine Showing Force Feed Oiling System, Housing Removed

The American Clay Machinery Co.

BUCYRUS, OHIO, U. S. A.

CLHY RECORD

Wet and Dry Pans

with our heavy, durable and
efficient machines.

The heavy side frames
are substantially tied to¬
gether at the top by the
cross beam, in the center by
tie bars and also on the floor
line. The shafting is large
and of steel. The gears are
of special design and excel¬
lent quality. The bearings
are long and well babitted.
The mullers are heavy,
adjustable and removable.
The screen plates are made
of special iron. The step is
of our approved type and
the complete pan is one that
can be depended upon under
more than ordinary circum¬
stances. All joints are care¬
fully machined and fitted
and bolts are made secure
by lock-nuts. The vertical
shaft and muller shafts are
secured by large removable
bearings, which make it pos¬
sible to remove any of these
shaftsor the mullers without
disturbing the balance of the pan. The gearing is kept to its full efficiency by our device for
taking up any possible wear, which insures a perfect mesh of teeth at all times.

The American Clay Machinery Company

Bucyrus, Ohio, U. S. A.

CLAY RECORD.

WRITE FOR
CATALOG

THE BOSS SYSTEM OF BURNING BRICK

Involves the ORIGINAL PRINCIPLE
of applying AIR UNDER
PRESSURE.

40X Reduction
in Fuel Cost.

Burns All First-Class Hard Brick

JOHN C. BOSS OFFICE: MONGER BLDG. ElkhdCty I H d I 3 11 3

Applies to Any

Style of Kiln.

Absolute Control of Heat in Kiln.

Do Your Brick Turn White?

HERE IS THE REMEDY.

PRECIPITATED

Carbonate

or Barytes

The only preventative for soum and discolora¬
tion on facing Brick and Terra Cotta; neutralizing
the Sulphate of Lime in the Clay and Water.

of time and
weather have tried

C. K. WILLIAMS & GO.

out Ricketson’s Famous

EASTON, PA.

Cpr Red Brick” Brand

y.. COLOR..

BRICK AND MORTAR

for Mortar, Brick, Cement, Stone,
etc., Proves it Absolutely Permanent.
Red, Brown, Buff, Purple, Black.

COLORING

RICKETSON MINER4L PAINT WORKS

V vliv ill! 1 VI

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

Circulars and Particulars on Application.

GABRIEL & SCHALL

905 IMFW VflDW p* °* no*

Pearl Street * ’ F ▼▼ IUKA 171a

Send for full descriptive
Circulars

New CLAY FEEDER ' VIXFRS B^ck-™e ar,d a"

_ Clay Working Plan's

Saves tht- labor of from 1 to 9 men In every factory, besides
mlxlntt and feeding the clay evenly to the disintegrator

One of the many testimonials we have received from users of these Feeders

tsUMM ITV1LLK IIRAIN TICK COMPANY

A TURN OF THE CRANK
SAVES 2 MEN’S PAY

THIS wonderful
1 pump does the work
of two men, at a
small fraction of
their wages, and
without argument.

It will pay for it¬
self in a very short time Think of the sav¬
ing in dollars and cents, the saving in time,
the gain in efficiency.

No contractor or engineer who has any
quantity of water to contend with can efford

to be wiihout the marvelous

Manufacturers of Porous Drain Tile

Harry L. Krlewine, Secy, and Treas.,

Marion Machine, Foundry and Supply Co., Marion, Indiana
Dear Sir:

Acknowledging your favor of the 21st inst., will state that the type “C”
Feeder which we have installed in our plant here is ‘making good” in
every way and is all you claim for it.

Since installing the Feeder we have been able to get along with two
men less, thereby reducing our weekly pay-roll $20.00 and at the same time
have increased our output 10* decreased our power 10*. and as our capacity
is 1200 cars per year, you can easily see the great advantage we have
since installing the Feeder and Mixer. *

All this saving is effected because of the even, steady feedingof the clay
to our disintegrator. We have our tracks elevated about 9 feet above your
Feeder and Mixer, and we are enabled to dump about 25 car loads of clay
in our storage bin over the Feeder, and the Feeder takes care of all tliisclay
without any further attention on our part.

Very truly yours.

Summit villk Drain Tile Co., Per James F. Morris, Vice Pres.

MARION MACHINE. FOUNDRY anil SUPPLY CO., m-h..,., ma.

Fuller & Johnson

Bilge Pump Engine

It doesn’t need to be urged
to do its best — it can’t do
anything else.

It is built with the same
care and attention to details,
the same thoroughness and
honesty, as all Fuller &
Johnson Engines.

It’s always ready, day or
night at a touch.

Each day you’re without it
you’re throwing good money
away.

Send for our Bulletin and
see for yourself. (21)

Fuller & Johnson Mfg. Co.

Established 1840

458 2nd Street, - Madison, Wis.

CLHY RECORD.

Fire Brick— =Fire Clay

AND FIRE CLAY PRODUCTS

Manufactured out of highest grade
Missouri semi-flint fire clay.

A large stock of Number One brick
and shapes always on hand.

Let us quote you prices and we will
save you money.

Samples sent upon request. Address

Mexico Brick & Fire Clav Co.

MEXICO, MISSOURI

SomethingINew In Brick Kilns and Dryers

The Tennis Double Cham¬
ber Up and Down Draft
Brick Kilns and Direct
Heat and Hot Air Brick
Dryers show many new
features that make them
superior to all others.
Economical, durable and
strong in construction and
operation, having many
points of dvantage that
appeal to practical brick-
makers. Patented April 14,
1903 and September 8, 1903
Brick plants installed and
put in operation. Write for
booklet. Correspondence
solicited.

F. W. DENNIS,

145 Water St., Norfolk, Va.

V V V V V V V

►

Approved and Labeled

Fire ! Fire ! ! Fire ! ! !

Extinguishers

Protect your Home,
(Business, Factory

Insurance Reduced. Child can Operate.
Made of Copper. Will Last a Lifetime.

Chemical charges can be procured at any
drug store

Write today; don’t wait; delays are
dangerous.

0. J. Childs Company

Sole

Manufacturers

Utica, N. Y.

AMERICAN RING-HAMMER PULVERIZER

Two Models, one for Clay, Shale, one for Rock

Will pulverize from 4 mesh to 200 mesh, 1 to 50 tons per hour, according
to size of machine, fineness required, kind and condition of material.

30# to 60 # less 3peed, and 25# to 50# less power, due to the RING and its
utilization of CENTRIFUGAL FORCE-

We make six sizes and every machine guaranteed to do the work which
it is contracted to do when sold.

Revolving: Screens* Air Separators
Ask for Circulars and Information

AMERICAN PULVERIZER CO.

.Suite 410 Jaccard Bldg., ,ST. LOUIS, MO.

DISTRICT SALES OFFICES:

F, C. Willis, 36 TaSalle St., Chicago, Ill.

I. R. Cole? & Co.. 39 Cortland St., New York City.

Eindrooth. Shubart & Co., Boston Bldg., Denver, Colo.

♦

)

44X20 SEWER PIPE PRESS

SEWER-PIPE

MACHINERY

COMPLETE EQUIPMENT

THE

TURNER, VAUGHN & TAYLOR
COMPANY

CUYAHOGA FALLS, 0.

GLHY RECORD.

REBUILT ENGINES AND BOILERS

The cleanest and most thorough ly rebuilt. All
our own and in stock. Not scattered every¬
where and merely listed.

ENGINES- Corliss— 20x48 Wheelock, 20x42 Allis, 18x42
Hamilton, 16x42 Lane & Blodley, 14x36 Lane & Bod-
ley, 14x24 Wright, 12x30 Allis, etc.

ENGINES— Automatic— 16x32 Buckeye, 15x14 Erie, Utfx
16 Buckeye, 14^x14 Ball & Wood, 13>£xl5 Taylor,
13x16 Erie, 12x14 Green, 12x12 N. Y. Safety, 10x10
Fisher, 9 14x12 Leffel, 8x10 Allfree, etc.

BOILERS— Stationary— 72x18 High Pressure, 72x18 Stand¬
ard, 72x16, 66x16, 60x20, 60x16, 54x16, 54x14, 54x12,
48x16, 48x14, 44x14, 40x12, 40x9, 36x16, 36x10, etc.

BOILERS- Fire Box -80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25. 20, 16,
12, 10 and 8 k. p., etc.

BOILERS— Vertical- 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 16, 12, 10, 8,
5 and 3 h. p., etc. •

HEATERS —All sizes, open and closed.

PUMPS — All sizes, single and duplex.

Saw Mills, Lath Mills, Edgers, Cut-Off Saws, Tanks,

etc. Write for list.

Also fu 1 assortment of new machinery.

Sole manufacturers of the celebrated “Leader” Injectors
and Jet Pumps. Send for circulars.

The Randle Machinery Co.

1732 Powers Street Cincinnati, Ohio

PHILLIPS & MCLAREN CO. PITTSBURG, PA.

BUILDERS OF

Pittsburgh Standard Dry and Wet, Revolving and Station¬
ary Grinding Pan* for Brick, Cement, Sand, Terra Cotta
and all kinds of Refractory Materials.

ROCK AND ORE CRUSHERS

When writing for prices state kind of material and capacity required.

4 *

Eastern Offices

Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.

Their Occurence, Properties and Uses

With special reference to those of the
United States, by Heinrich Ries, Ph. D.
Octavo, 490 pages, 65 figures, 44 plates

PRICE $5.00 NET

< Clay Record Publishing Co., *

j Chicago, Illinois

NOW READY— A TREATISE ON

PRODUCER-GAS and
GAS-PRODUCERS

BY AN ACKNOWLEDGED AUTHORITY.

A 300-page hook containing thirty chapters, giving the fundamental
principles and definitions, calculations, classifications, manufacture and
use; the fuel, the requirements, the history, its by-products, Producer-
Gas for flrlug kilns, steam boilers, and power plants. The
future of the Gas-producer and a bibliography.

OVER 100 CHOICE ILLUSTRATIONS— PRICE, $4.00.

A subscription to the CLAY RECORD for one year without additional
charge to those that are not now subscribers.

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO, ILL.

“A CHANGE IN FLUES MAKES
THE DIFFERENCE IN DRYERS”

POTOMAC BRICK COMPANY

1413-G Street, N. W.

ELLIOTT S. MORSE, Gen. Mgr

Washington, D. C., March 19, 1909.

THE KING ENGINEERING CO.,

Richmond Va

Gentlemen: — Our No. 1 10-tunnel Sharer
Radiated heat dryer before it was remodeled by
you gave us an average ot 55 cars per day of dry
brick.

You completed the reconstruction of this
dryer the latter part of January last. This day
we have examined our records and find that our
daily average now is 80 cars dry brick.

Yours very truly,

(Copy) ELLIOTT S. MORSE.

That which we have done for the above Company
we can do for You We can remodel any Radiated heat
dryer and increase its capacity from 15 to 30 per cent

THE KING ENGINEERING COMPANY

RICHMOND, VA.

>*<

BOOKS YOU NEED IN YOUR BUSINESS

Repair and Maintenance of Machinery W. Barber,

C. E. A handbook of practical notes and memoranda for
engineers and machinery users. 166 pages— 117 illustra¬
tions — 8vo, cloth . . $3.50

How to Run Engines and Boilers ®4tfonberi £?“tirc7i

instruction for young engineers and steam users. 125 pages
— illustrated— 16mo, cloth . $1.00

A Handbook of Engineering Laboratory Practice

Pnlnarpnnc f*PmPfltc By Be^8Tave, C. E. Their na-
udlUal CUUo uGHIGIILo ture, properties and use. Thecompo-

sition and process of making Portland and other cements,
analysis and cost . . . $3.50

Notes on Concrete and Works in Concrete NewS

Portland Ppmpnt By D- B Butler> Asso. m. Inst. c. e. a
• Ul MullU uCMiClll complete treatise on the.manufacture, test¬
ing and use of Portland cement. Contains 360 pages, 85
illustrations, Svo, cloth bound. Price . $6.00

Thp Rhotinn of Drink in mines, quarries or tunnels. A.

I lie DldMIliy Ul nULI\ w. &Z. W. Daw. A complete book
giving weight of blast, how, when and where to make it.

270 pages— 8vo, cloth . ... . . $6.00

Ofpam PfijlprC By James Peattie. Their management and
uIGalll UUIIGI o workings on land and sea— very complete.

230 pages — 12mo, cloth . $2.00

Engineering, Practice and Theory

Price

$1.00

Arphitpptiiral Pnfforu Translated from the French. Bricks,
HIGIIIICUIUIdl ruildiy tiles, pipes, enameled terra cotta,
stoneware, mosaics, faiences, and architectural stoneware.

In two parts. Svo, 196 illustrations. Price . $7.50

NntPS nn Pflttprv Plav The distributio?. properties, uses
IIUlCo Ull lUllGiy Uldy and analysis of ball clays, china

clays and china stone. Crown— 8vo, 132 pages. Price . . . $1.50

Phpmicfru nf Pntfpru By Simeon Shaw. The chemistry of
bllClIllMry OT roilcry the several natural and artificial het¬
erogeneous compounds used in the manufacturing of porce¬
lain, glass and pottery. 750 pages. Price . $5.00

The Pottery and Porcelain of the United States

By Edward Dee Barber. 200 illustrations. 8vo, gilt top $3.50

Silico-Calcareous Sandstones (Sand Lime Brick)

By Ernst Stoffier. Treats on the formation of artificial
brick made from a mixture of lime and sand under the
influence of moisture. Raw materials, methods, manufac¬
ture. Shows outline drawing of factories, elevations to de¬
tail, ground plans and sectional elevations. Price $1.00

Transactions of the American Ceramic Society

Containing the papers and discussions of the society. The
most complete information published. 11 vols. Price, each $4.00

Manual of Ceramic Calculations

and is most complete.

Price

This book was com¬
piled with great care

History of the Clay Working Industry in the U. S.

$1.00

By Heinrich Reis, Ph. D. and Henry Eeighton. 270 pages,
well illustrated. Svo, cloth bound. Price

$2.50

Clays: Their Occurrence, Properties and Uses

By Heinrich Reis, Ph. D. A valuable treatise on the origin
of J ' ‘ ' ’ ' '

clay, methods of mining and
pages, 65 figures, 44 plates. Price .

manufacture, etc. 490

The Clay Workers’ Hand-Book

articles from clay.

A manual for all engaged
in the manfuacture of

$5.00

Price

$2.00

Will be sent postpaid on receipt of price. Address orders to

CLAY RECORD PUBLISHING COMPANY, 303 Dearborn St., CHICAGO, U.S.A.

Why Not Discard
Out-of-Date Methods

and use some of the “Modern Methods” for
handling your clay?

Send for our catalog (672 pages) if you
want to learn how to lower the cost of produc¬
tion.

Stephens-Adamson Manufacturing Go.

AURORA, ILL.

Branch Offices

Chicago and New York City

OPUIIDO Perfected
OullUnO Oil Burners

MOST ECONOMICAL BURNERS
ON THE MARKET. DESIGNED
ESPECIALLY FOR BURNING
BRICK, TILE AND
TERRA COTTA

No. 2 BURNER

For Up-draft Kilns

with handle to adjust tip to
suit low and heavy fire

Patented

No. 1 BURNER
The “Brickyard
Wonder”

For Down-draft
Kilns

Not an experiment, but a severely tested, well proved
burner whose superiority to all others has been amply
demonstrated.

Write for Booklet containing full information.

JOHN SCHURS, Patentee and Manufacturer

1007 NORTH MAIN STREET LOS ANCELES, CAL.

adjustable tip

Nine Foot Iron Frame

DRY PAN

With Independent
and Suspended

MULLERS

A well-tried and
proven Success.

EAGLE IRON WORKS, BUILDERS, DES MOINES, IOWA

Steel Brick Pallets

-^Built Right,

Price Right,

Write Us

STYLE No. 4.

. The only Steel Bench Pallet that can be stacked
without slipping. They Interlock. Tight, Strong,
Rl&d- (Patented.)

ALL STYLES

MADE EXCLUSIVELY BY

THE OHIO GALVANIZING & MANUFACTURING CO.

USTII-jES, OHIO

4(5

GLMY RECORD,

Paul Fuchs

Manager of the Excelsior Granite Brick Co. Specialist for the Sand-Lime Brick Industry

Inventor of a New Process for Making “GRANITE BRICK”

My system enables the manufacturer [to turn out a sand-lime •
brick of a compression strength of 9,000 pounds per square inch
from proper raw materials. Send in a one-pound fair average
sample of your sand and a one-pound sample of your lime for
examination.

Porcelain Enamel for Clay Brick

Forward, express charges prepaid, ten brick for testing purposes.

Special Enamel for Sand-Lime Brick

Send in as many brick as colors wanted and specify colors desired.

1747 CARMEN AVE. Chicago, U.S.A.

The Thew Steam Shovels

: : Ouly One Operator Required.
Wire Gables used iistead of Chains.
Strictly First-Class in Every Detail.

Economical for brickyards 30,000 to 40,000
daily capacity.

Operated by one man for outputs up to
125,000 brick per day.

Write us for Catalogues and Information.

THE THEW AUTOMATIC SHOVEL CO.

X.ORAIN, OHIO

Made in Four Sizes. Mounted on Car Wheels or Traction Wheels.

Type No. 0 Shovel — Ohio Brick Co., Toledo, O.

?5 Cents vs. 15 Cents

The cost of cleansing clay by the filtering process is 75 cents or more, per ton.
The Diesener Clay Cleanser takes all the dirt, that cannot pass through the 1-16
in. slot, out of the clay for less than 15 cents per ton, and does the work better
than the filtering process, because it does not remove the valuable kaolin sands
and other important ingredients that should be left in the clay.

The Diesener Clay Cleanser

Eliminates Limestone — or Pyrites Troubles

This machine takes out the objectionable matter without necessitating the

process of crushing

We wish to emphasize this particular feature of the Diesener Clay Cleanser — that it does not crush or pulverize the
pyrites or limestones and then mix the same into the clay. It takes them out without crushing or even without breaking.

Richard G. Hoffman

Sole Representative in the U. S. for Mr. H. Diesener,
Charlottenburg, Germany

La Grange, Ill.

CLHV RECORD.

IS KNOWN THE WORLD OVER FOR

ITS SIMPLICITY
DURABILITY AND

A*. COMPLETE
ITm SATISFACTION
WJL// I 1 THROUGHOUT

DRYER CARS

TRUCKS

MODEL SAND DRYER

YARD SUPPLIES

HORSE POWER MACHINE

BRICK tig§||fg
MOULDS Vi
THAT
ARE

BU|LT g*

FOR

hard mm

USAGE ■£

TRUCKS

STYLE “P” CRUSHER

CLAY-WORKING
ENGINEERS &
MACHINERY
EXPERTS

STYLE "P” BRICK MACHINE

LANCASTER, PENNA.. U. S. A

«HMl

■

p' » >

L ^ ,

L >

rirjjH iijb|||)|ii nn~ — [ \

| ^KQh!z! KjfdO fdcJOx! $

CLHY RECORD.

MARTIN STEAM BRICK
“DRYING SYSTEM”

PATENTED

February, 22d, 1898, No. 699509
October 10, 1906. No. 96620
November 14, 1906, No. 804489
May 26, 1908. No. 888831

RACK PIPE STEAM BRICK DRYERS

ADAPTED FOR SOFT-MUD OR STIFF-MUD BRICK

The sale and construction of the “Martin” Rack Pipe Steam Brick Dryer
is under the direct supervision of the Factory Office at Lancaster, Pa.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, ADDRESS

THE HENRY MARTIN BRICK MACHINE MEG. C0„ Inc.

LANCASTER, PA., U. S. A.

i UdOKQaomKH Q3H<jj>CD {DOMtHr1 ^

Good News For Tile Men

The Big Profits are in the Big Tile

ANDERSON VERTICAL MILL

is the machine you need to keep you in the race.

Tile from 8 inches to 30 inches in Diameter, with dies for the different sizes
readily and quickly interchangeable.

Weight of Mill, 8,000 lbs.

Can be furnished without supporting structure for mounting on wooden framework
or second-story floor, or will be provided with structural steel supports, easily erected.

ANDERSON FOUNDRY & MACHINE WORKS

ANDERSON, IND.

1908 NEW DEPARTURE

The Only Mill for Successfully Making
Tile from 3-inch to 24-inch Diameter

Greatly
Improved in
Strengch and
Convenience

Capacity
Increased
60 per cent

Power Required
to Operate, 40
per cent Less

Our New 1909 Model Anderson

Giant

We also Man¬
ufacture a
Complete
Line of

Dry Press
Brick

Machinery
and Brick Yard
Supplies

Write us your
needs and let
us figure with
you.

Anderson Foundry & Machine Works

Southwestern Office, Wilson Building, Dallas, Texas. ANDERSON, INDIANA

No. 217-E
Electric Side-Dump Car.

No. 145

Ball Bearing Turntable. Made in sizes
from 4 ft. to 11 ft. in diameter.

No. 161 ‘A

Gable Bottom Dump Car, with
trip and brake.

GARS FOR BRICK YARDS, CEMENT WORKS, CONCRETE
BLOCK MANUFACTURERS, STONE QUARRIES, ETC.

V. -

VV- A.

•■’• v’ -r'

}zn

_ ‘

NO. 217-5

Either Side Rocker Dump Car.

TURNTABLES, TRANSFER CARS, DRYER CARS, TRACI,
SWITCHES, BRICK PALLETS.

NO. 128

Heavy Double Deck Car
Patent Malleable Iron Uprights.

NO. 142

Transfer Car.

NO. 129

Double Deck Car.

NO. 277

Steel Mine and Quarry Car.

,e Atlas Car and Mfg. Co

CLEVELAND, OHIO

f 4 W ¥1^ ot€ -4

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